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Fan S, Cheng X, Wang X, Liu Y, He W, Chen H. Bronchial artery embolization versus conservative treatment for hemoptysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:428. [PMID: 39215233 PMCID: PMC11365234 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-03244-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchial artery embolization (BAE) is currently an important treatment for hemoptysis. However, there is no consensus in the efficacy and safety of BAE compared to conservative treatment for hemoptysis, which limits the widespread use of BAE in hemoptysis. The objective was to assess the clinical benefit of BAE versus conservative treatment in patients with hemoptysis. METHODS A systematic search was conducted on the PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, CochraneLibrary, and ClinicalTrials up to March 2023. Both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies reporting rates of recurrent hemoptysis, clinical success, mortality, and complication by BAE and conservative treatment alone for hemoptysis were included. Data were pooled and compared by the use of odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Twelve studies (three RCTs, nine cohorts) involving 1231 patients met the eligibility criteria. Patients treated with BAE had lower recurrence rates of hemoptysis (26.5% vs. 34.6%; OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.14-0.98), higher clinical success rates (92.2% vs. 80.9%; OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.66-4.61), and lower hemoptysis-related mortality (0.8% vs. 3.2%; OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.05-0.84) compared with conservative treatment alone. There was no significant difference in all-cause mortality between the two groups. In terms of security, the incidence of major complications and minor complications in patients undergoing BAE treatment was 0.2% (1/422) and 15.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS BAE was more effective than conservative treatment alone in controlling hemoptysis, reducing recurrence, and decreasing hemoptysis-related mortality, with an almost negligible risk of major complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxin Fan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaocheng Cheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yuliang Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Lin C, Chen Y, Cai D, Chen Z, Peng Z, Lai H, Liu D. The efficacy and safety of combined therapy with endobronchial tamponade and bronchial artery embolization for massive hemoptysis. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:314. [PMID: 38961405 PMCID: PMC11223292 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-03116-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Massive hemoptysis is characterized by its life-threatening nature, potentially leading to airway obstruction and asphyxia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of combining endobronchial tamponade with bronchial artery embolization (BAE) in the treatment of massive hemoptysis. METHODS Between March 2018 and March 2022, a total of 67 patients with massive hemoptysis who underwent BAE were divided into two groups: the combination group (n = 26) and the BAE group (n = 41). Technical and clinical success rates were assessed, and adverse events were monitored following the treatment. Blood gas analysis and coagulation function indicators were collected before and after the treatment, and recurrence and survival rates were recorded during the follow-up period. RESULTS All patients achieved technical success. There were no significant differences in the clinical success rate, recurrence rates at 3 and 6 months, and mortality rates at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year between the combination group and the BAE group. However, the hemoptysis recurrence rate at 1 year was significantly lower in the combination group compared to the BAE group (15.4% vs. 39.0%, P = 0.039). No serious adverse events were reported in either group. After treatment, the combination group showed higher levels of arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2), fibrinogen (FIB), and D-dimer (D-D) compared to the BAE group (P < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between combined therapy and hemoptysis-free survival. CONCLUSION Combination therapy, compared to embolization alone, exhibits superior efficacy in improving respiratory function, correcting hypoxia, stopping bleeding, and preventing recurrence. It is considered an effective and safe treatment for massive hemoptysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohui Lin
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 950 Donghai Street, Fengze District, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China
| | - Yanfeng Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 950 Donghai Street, Fengze District, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China
| | - Donglu Cai
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 950 Donghai Street, Fengze District, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China
| | - Zhiyu Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 950 Donghai Street, Fengze District, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China
| | - Zhuli Peng
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 950 Donghai Street, Fengze District, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China
| | - Huiting Lai
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 950 Donghai Street, Fengze District, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China
| | - Dexin Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 950 Donghai Street, Fengze District, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China.
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Xu HD, Yang L, Hu SB. Embosphere microspheres size for bronchial artery embolization in patients with hemoptysis caused by bronchiectasis: a retrospective comparative analysis of 500-750 versus 700-900 μm microspheres. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:203. [PMID: 38658883 PMCID: PMC11044458 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-03019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchial arterial embolization (BAE) has been accepted as an effective treatment for bronchiectasis-related hemoptysis. However, rare clinical trials compare different sizes of specific embolic agents. This study aims to evaluate whether different Embosphere microsphere sizes change the outcome of BAE. METHODS A retrospective review was conducted on consecutive patients with bronchiectatic hemoptysis who were scheduled to undergo BAE treatment during a period from January 2018 to December 2022. The patients received BAE using microspheres of different sizes: group A patients were treated with 500-750 μm microspheres, and group B patients were treated with 700-900 μm microspheres. The cost of embolic microspheres (Chinese Yuan, CNY), duration of hospitalization, complications, and hemoptysis-free survival were compared between patients in group A and those in group B. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify predictors of recurrent hemoptysis. RESULTS Median follow-up was 30.2 months (range, 20.3-56.5 months). The final analysis included a total of 112 patients (49-77 years of age; 45 men). The patients were divided into two groups: group A (N = 68), which received 500-750 μm Embosphere microspheres, and group B (N = 44), which received 700-900 μm Embosphere microspheres. Except for the cost of embolic microspheres(group A,5314.8 + 1301.5 CNY; group B, 3644.5 + 1192.3 CNY; p = 0.042), there were no statistically significant differences in duration of hospitalization (group A,7.2 + 1.4 days; group B, 8 + 2.4days; p = 0.550), hemoptysis-free survival (group A, 1-year, 2-year, 3-year, 85.9%, 75.8%, 62.9%; group B, 1-year, 2-year, 3-year, 88.4%, 81.2%,59.4%;P = 0.060), and complications(group A,26.5%; group B, 38.6%; p = 0.175) between the two groups. No major complications were observed. The multivariate analysis results revealed that the presence of cystic bronchiectasis (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.12-2.83; P = 0.001) and systemic arterial-pulmonary shunts (SPSs) (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.10-2.72; P = 0.028) were independent risk factors for recurrent bleeding. CONCLUSIONS For the treatment of BAE in patients with bronchiectasis-related hemoptysis, 500-750 μm diameter Embosphere microspheres have a similar efficacy and safety profile compared to 700-900 μm diameter Embosphere microspheres, especially for those without SPSs or cystic bronchiectasis. Furthermore, the utilization of large-sized (700-900 μm) Embosphere microspheres is associated with the reduced cost of an embolic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Dou Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Gaochun Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, 53 Maoshan Road, Gaochun District, Nanjing, 211302, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Gaochun Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, 53 Maoshan Road, Gaochun District, Nanjing, 211302, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shi-Bing Hu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Gaochun Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, 53 Maoshan Road, Gaochun District, Nanjing, 211302, Jiangsu, China.
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Parrot A, Canellas A, Barral M, Gibelin A, Cadranel J. [Severe hemoptysis in the onco-hematology patient]. Rev Mal Respir 2024; 41:303-316. [PMID: 38155073 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
In France, even though it occurs only exceptionally in cases of hemopathy, severe hemoptysis in cancer is the leading cause of hemoptysis. Without adequate treatment, in-hospital mortality exceeds 60%, even reaching 100% at 6 months. The management of severe hemoptysis should be discussed with the oncologist. Aside from situations of threatening hemoptysis, in which bronchoscopy should be performed immediately, CT angiography is an essential means of localizing the bleeding and determining the causes and the vascular mechanisms involved. In more than 90% of cases, hemoptysis is linked to systemic bronchial or non-bronchial hypervascularization, whereas in fewer than 5%, it is associated with pulmonary arterial origin or, exceptionally, with damage to the alveolar-capillary barrier. The most severely ill patients must be treated in intensive care in centers equipped with interventional radiology, thoracic surgery and, ideally, with interventional bronchoscopy. Interventional radiology is the first-line symptomatic treatment. In over 80% of cases, bronchial arteriography with embolization allows immediate control. Emergency surgery should be avoided, as it is associated with significant mortality. Appropriate and adequate care reduces hospital mortality to 30%, enabling patients to benefit from the most recent, survival-prolonging treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Parrot
- Service de pneumologie et oncologie thoracique, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, hôpital Tenon, Sorbonne université, 75970 Paris, France.
| | - A Canellas
- Service de pneumologie et oncologie thoracique, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, hôpital Tenon, Sorbonne université, 75970 Paris, France
| | - M Barral
- Service de radiologie, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, hôpital Tenon, Sorbonne université, 75970 Paris, France; UFR médecine, Sorbonne université, 75006 Paris, France
| | - A Gibelin
- Service de médecine intensive et réanimation, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, hôpital Tenon, Sorbonne université, 75970 Paris, France
| | - J Cadranel
- Service de pneumologie et oncologie thoracique, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, hôpital Tenon, Sorbonne université, 75970 Paris, France; UFR médecine, Sorbonne université, 75006 Paris, France
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Ravetta P, Vouche M. Added Value of Computed Tomography Angiography Prior to Bronchial Artery Embolization for Hemoptysis: A Retrospective Two-Center Study. J Belg Soc Radiol 2024; 107:00. [PMID: 38188928 PMCID: PMC10768570 DOI: 10.5334/jbsr.3097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the added value of pre-procedural computed tomography angiography (CTA) prior to bronchial artery embolization for patients presenting with hemoptysis. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, we evaluated patients admitted for hemoptysis from 2010 to 2021 and treated by catheter-directed embolization. After establishing quality criteria for pre-procedural computed tomography (CT), patients were divided into two groups depending on their pre-procedural imaging assessment: Quality CT-angiography (QCTA group) and suboptimal pre-procedural imaging (suboptimal CTA, unenhanced or no CT evaluation; control group). Groups were compared based on radiological success, procedure-related complications, and clinical success, including cessation of hemoptysis, recurrence rates, and overall mortality. Results We included 31 patients in the QCTA group, and 35 in the control group. Clinical success was n = 24/31 (77.4%) in the QCTA group and n = 27/35 (77.1%) in the control group (p = 0.979). Technical success was n = 37/42 (88.1%) in the QCTA group and n = 39/42 (92.86%) in the control group (p = 0.820). Overall recurrence was 10.6%. Minor complications occurred in 27.3%, and one major complication was reported.The concordance between the affected bleeding lung and the identification of pathological arteries during angiography was better in the QCTA group (p = 0.045).The average number of culprit arteries (bronchial, non-bronchial systemic arteries [NBSA] or pulmonary) in the QCTA group was not significantly higher than that in the control group. Conclusions Preprocedural QCTA better identifies the affected bleeding lung and bleeding vessels compared to direct angiography. No difference in clinical success, complications, recurrence rates, or mortality was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Vouche
- Department of Radiology, Saint-Pierre University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
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Garg P, Khandelwal A, Bhardwaj K, Ish P, Khurana R, Malik A. Bronchial Artery Embolization in Management of Hemoptysis in a Developing Country: An Initial Experience. THE ARAB JOURNAL OF INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1763496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose This article evaluates the immediate success, recurrence rate, complications, and the culprit vessel of bronchial artery embolization (BAE) in patients presenting with hemoptysis.
Methods and Materials All patients who underwent BAE from July 1, 2018 to August 31, 2021 were included. BAE was done for moderate to severe hemoptysis or for mild hemoptysis which was recurrent and not controlled by medical management. Patients referred for surgical intervention and hemoptysis controlled on medical management were excluded.
Results One hundred and thirty patients underwent BAE in the study period. Mean age was 41.5 years and majority (73.1%) was male. Forty-three (33.1%) patients had mild, 46 (35.4%) had moderate, and 41 (31.5%) with the duration of symptoms ranging from 3 days to 25 years. Most common culprit vessel was posterior intercostal artery closely followed by the intercostobronchial artery. Hypervascularity was the most common angiographic abnormality encountered. On an average, 2.75 vessels were embolized per BAE with a wide range of 1 to 8 vessels. Hemoptysis control was seen in 96.1% patients immediately, 90.7 % at 1 month, 82.3 % at 3 months, and 66.9 % at 6 months. Overall recurrence was seen in 43 patients (33.1%). Chest pain was the most common minor side effect occurring in 77.1% cases.
Conclusion BAE is a safe and effective procedure that can be performed routinely in patients presenting with moderate to massive hemoptysis or with mild hemoptysis refractory to medical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Garg
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ayush Khandelwal
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Krishna Bhardwaj
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Pranav Ish
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajat Khurana
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Amita Malik
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Yan HT, Lu GD, Zhang JX, Zhou CG, Liu J, Liu S, Shi HB, Zu QQ. Comparison of Bronchial Artery Embolisation Versus Conservative Treatment for Bronchiectasis-Related Nonmassive Haemoptysis: A Single-Centre Retrospective Study. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2023; 46:369-376. [PMID: 36658375 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-023-03361-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the safety and effectiveness between bronchial artery embolisation (BAE) and conservative treatment for bronchiectasis-related nonmassive haemoptysis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS From January 2015 to December 2020, consecutive bronchiectasis-related nonmassive haemoptysis patients who underwent either BAE (n = 98) or conservative treatment (n = 118) were included. Treatment-related complications, length of hospital stays, clinical success rate, patient satisfaction, and recurrence-free survival rates were compared between groups. Prognostic factors related to recurrence were also analysed. RESULTS During a median follow-up time of 44.8 months (range, 2.4-83.6 months), 34 and 66 patients in the BAE and conservative treatment groups suffered relapse. The 1-year, 2-year, 3-year and 5-year haemoptysis-free survival rates in the BAE and conservative treatment groups were 79.2%, 68.1%, 62.8%, and 57.6% and 64.0%, 52.8%, 44.1%, and 37.0%, respectively (P = 0.007). The minor complication rate after BAE was higher than that after conservative treatment (23/98 vs. 12/118, P = 0.008). BAE was associated with shorter hospital stays (5.0 vs. 7.0 days, P = 0.042) and higher patient satisfaction (88.8% vs. 74.6%, P = 0.008) than those for conservative treatment and with comparable clinical success rates (95.9% vs. 91.5%, P = 0.192). Treatment type, haemoptysis duration, and bronchiectasis severity were independently significant predictors of recurrence for these patients. CONCLUSIONS BAE could be another option for bronchiectasis-related nonmassive haemoptysis patients. In the patients with longer duration and more severe bronchiectasis, BAE still appeared to have better long-term haemoptysis control than conservative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Yan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Guang-Dong Lu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jin-Xing Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Chun-Gao Zhou
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine Research Institution, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Hai-Bin Shi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qing-Quan Zu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Lu GD, Yan HT, Zhang JX, Liu S, Shi HB, Zu QQ. Bronchial artery embolization for the management of frequent hemoptysis caused by bronchiectasis. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:394. [PMID: 36319977 PMCID: PMC9624090 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-02198-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To retrospectively evaluate the effectiveness of bronchial artery embolization (BAE) compared with conservative therapy for the treatment of frequent hemoptysis caused by bronchiectasis. Methods From January 2015 to December 2019, consecutive patients who were admitted due to frequent (more than three times per year) bronchiectasis-related hemoptysis were retrospectively reviewed. Those who were treated with either BAE (n = 69) or conservative therapy (n = 47) were enrolled for analysis. The technical success, clinical success, and complications of the BAE procedure were evaluated. Long-term hemoptysis-free survival rates and clinical success were compared between patients in the BAE group and patients in the conservative group. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to identify the predictors of recurrent hemoptysis. Results The technical success rate was 100% for the BAE procedure, and clinical success was achieved in 92.8% (64 of 69) of cases. No major procedure-related complications occurred, and minor complications were observed in 16 cases (23.2%). The 1-, 2-, and 3-year hemoptysis-free survival rates were 88.3, 71.3, and 66.2%, respectively, for the BAE group and 31.9, 17.6, and 2.5%, respectively, for the conservative treatment group (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that BAE was a protective factor against recurrent hemoptysis in treated patients. In addition, the presence of cystic bronchiectasis was the only independent risk factor for rebleeding in the whole population and in the BAE group. Conclusions BAE may provide an effective option for patients with frequent bronchiectasis-related hemoptysis, especially for those without cystic bronchiectasis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12890-022-02198-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Dong Lu
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Hai-Tao Yan
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Jin-Xing Zhang
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Sheng Liu
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Hai-Bin Shi
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Qing-Quan Zu
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
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Park SJ, Lee S, Lee HN, Cho Y. Early versus delayed bronchial artery embolization for non-massive hemoptysis. Eur Radiol 2022; 33:116-124. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-08993-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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