1
|
Upadhyay P, Tyagi A, Agrawal S, Kumar A, Gupta S. Bidirectional Effect of Triphala on Modulating Gut-Brain Axis to Improve Cognition in the Murine Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300104. [PMID: 37767948 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The emerging role of gut microbiota and their metabolites in the modulation of the gut-brain axis has received much attention as a new hope for the treatment of hard-to-treat chronic neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease. The naturally occurring polyphenols can restore the gut-brain axis by modulating gut microbiota and brain neurotransmitters. The Indian traditional medicine Triphala, a rich source of polyphenols, has been used on humans based on Prakriti or disease conditions for many years. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, the dual mode (morning and evening) action of Triphala is used to provide scientific evidence of its superior preventive and therapeutic efficacy in C57BL/6 and 5xFAD, APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. The study observes that Triphala treatment has significantly improved cognitive function, by modulating the APP pathway, reducing inflammation, and restoring the gut-brain axis by increasing the gut microbiota phyla of Bacteroides, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, etc., involved in maintaining the gut homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS The study paves a new path for using dual modes of Triphala alone or in combination to treat incurable AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Upadhyay
- Molecular Sciences Lab, National Institute of Immunology New Delhi, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Anurag Tyagi
- Molecular Sciences Lab, National Institute of Immunology New Delhi, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sakshi Agrawal
- Molecular Sciences Lab, National Institute of Immunology New Delhi, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Molecular Sciences Lab, National Institute of Immunology New Delhi, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sarika Gupta
- Molecular Sciences Lab, National Institute of Immunology New Delhi, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, New Delhi, 110067, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jovanovic Gasovic S, Dietrich D, Gläser L, Cao P, Kohlstedt M, Wittmann C. Multi-omics view of recombinant Yarrowia lipolytica: Enhanced ketogenic amino acid catabolism increases polyketide-synthase-driven docosahexaenoic production to high selectivity at the gram scale. Metab Eng 2023; 80:45-65. [PMID: 37683719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
DHA is a marine PUFA of commercial value, given its multiple health benefits. The worldwide emerging shortage in DHA supply has increased interest in microbial cell factories that can provide the compound de novo. In this regard, the present work aimed to improve DHA production in the oleaginous yeast strain Y. lipolytica Af4, which synthetized the PUFA via a heterologous myxobacterial polyketide synthase (PKS)-like gene cluster. As starting point, we used transcriptomics, metabolomics, and 13C-based metabolic pathway profiling to study the cellular dynamics of Y. lipolytica Af4. The shift from the growth to the stationary DHA-production phase was associated with fundamental changes in carbon core metabolism, including a strong upregulation of the PUFA gene cluster, as well as an increase in citrate and fatty acid degradation. At the same time, the intracellular levels of the two DHA precursors acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA dropped by up to 98% into the picomolar range. Interestingly, the degradation pathways for the ketogenic amino acids l-lysine, l-leucine, and l-isoleucine were transcriptionally activated, presumably to provide extra acetyl-CoA. Supplementation with small amounts of these amino acids at the beginning of the DHA production phase beneficially increased the intracellular CoA-ester pools and boosted the DHA titer by almost 40%. Isotopic 13C-tracer studies revealed that the supplements were efficiently directed toward intracellular CoA-esters and DHA. Hereby, l-lysine was found to be most efficient, as it enabled long-term activation, due to storage within the vacuole and continuous breakdown. The novel strategy enabled DHA production in Y. lipolytica at the gram scale for the first time. DHA was produced at a high selectivity (27% of total fatty acids) and free of the structurally similar PUFA DPA, which facilitates purification for high-value medical applications that require API-grade DHA. The assembled multi-omics picture of the central metabolism of Y. lipolytica provides valuable insights into this important yeast. Beyond our work, the enhanced catabolism of ketogenic amino acids seems promising for the overproduction of other compounds in Y. lipolytica, whose synthesis is limited by the availability of CoA ester precursors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Demian Dietrich
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Germany
| | - Lars Gläser
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Germany
| | - Peng Cao
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wan Razali WA, Evans CA, Pandhal J. Comparative Proteomics Reveals Evidence of Enhanced EPA Trafficking in a Mutant Strain of Nannochloropsis oculata. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:838445. [PMID: 35646838 PMCID: PMC9134194 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.838445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The marine microalga Nannochloropsis oculata is a bioproducer of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a fatty acid. EPA is incorporated into monogalactosyldiacylglycerol within N. oculata thylakoid membranes, and there is a biotechnological need to remodel EPA synthesis to maximize production and simplify downstream processing. In this study, random mutagenesis and chemical inhibitor-based selection method were devised to increase EPA production and accessibility for improved extraction. Ethyl methanesulfonate was used as the mutagen with selective pressure achieved by using two enzyme inhibitors of lipid metabolism: cerulenin and galvestine-1. Fatty acid methyl ester analysis of a selected fast-growing mutant strain had a higher percentage of EPA (37.5% of total fatty acids) than the wild-type strain (22.2% total fatty acids), with the highest EPA quantity recorded at 68.5 mg/g dry cell weight, while wild-type cells had 48.6 mg/g dry cell weight. Label-free quantitative proteomics for differential protein expression analysis revealed that the wild-type and mutant strains might have alternative channeling pathways for EPA synthesis. The mutant strain showed potentially improved photosynthetic efficiency, thus synthesizing a higher quantity of membrane lipids and EPA. The EPA synthesis pathways could also have deviated in the mutant, where fatty acid desaturase type 2 (13.7-fold upregulated) and lipid droplet surface protein (LDSP) (34.8-fold upregulated) were expressed significantly higher than in the wild-type strain. This study increases the understanding of EPA trafficking in N. oculata, leading to further strategies that can be implemented to enhance EPA synthesis in marine microalgae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan Aizuddin Wan Razali
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Caroline A Evans
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jagroop Pandhal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shah AM, Yang W, Mohamed H, Zhang Y, Song Y. Microbes: A Hidden Treasure of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Front Nutr 2022; 9:827837. [PMID: 35369055 PMCID: PMC8968027 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.827837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes have gained a lot of attention for their potential in producing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). PUFAs are gaining scientific interest due to their important health-promoting effects on higher organisms including humans. The current sources of PUFAs (animal and plant) have associated limitations that have led to increased interest in microbial PUFAs as most reliable alternative source. The focus is on increasing the product value of existing oleaginous microbes or discovering new microbes by implementing new biotechnological strategies in order to compete with other sources. The multidisciplinary approaches, including metabolic engineering, high-throughput screening, tapping new microbial sources, genome-mining as well as co-culturing and elicitation for the production of PUFAs, have been considered and discussed in this review. The usage of agro-industrial wastes as alternative low-cost substrates in fermentation for high-value single-cell oil production has also been discussed. Multidisciplinary approaches combined with new technologies may help to uncover new microbial PUFA sources that may have nutraceutical and biotechnological importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aabid Manzoor Shah
- Colin Ratledge Center of Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Wu Yang
- Colin Ratledge Center of Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Hassan Mohamed
- Colin Ratledge Center of Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Yingtong Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanda Song
- Colin Ratledge Center of Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Effects of fatty acid synthase-inhibitors on polyunsaturated fatty acid production in marine diatom Fistulifera solaris JPCC DA0580. J Biosci Bioeng 2022; 133:340-346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
6
|
Mudge MC, Nunn BL, Firth E, Ewert M, Hales K, Fondrie WE, Noble WS, Toner J, Light B, Junge KA. Subzero, saline incubations of Colwellia psychrerythraea reveal strategies and biomarkers for sustained life in extreme icy environments. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:3840-3866. [PMID: 33760340 PMCID: PMC8475265 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Colwellia psychrerythraea is a marine psychrophilic bacterium known for its remarkable ability to maintain activity during long-term exposure to extreme subzero temperatures and correspondingly high salinities in sea ice. These microorganisms must have adaptations to both high salinity and low temperature to survive, be metabolically active, or grow in the ice. Here, we report on an experimental design that allowed us to monitor culturability, cell abundance, activity and proteomic signatures of C. psychrerythraea strain 34H (Cp34H) in subzero brines and supercooled sea water through long-term incubations under eight conditions with varying subzero temperatures, salinities and nutrient additions. Shotgun proteomics found novel metabolic strategies used to maintain culturability in response to each independent experimental variable, particularly in pathways regulating carbon, nitrogen and fatty acid metabolism. Statistical analysis of abundances of proteins uniquely identified in isolated conditions provide metabolism-specific protein biosignatures indicative of growth or survival in either increased salinity, decreased temperature, or nutrient limitation. Additionally, to aid in the search for extant life on other icy worlds, analysis of detected short peptides in -10°C incubations after 4 months identified over 500 potential biosignatures that could indicate the presence of terrestrial-like cold-active or halophilic metabolisms on other icy worlds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miranda C. Mudge
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Brook L. Nunn
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Astrobiology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Erin Firth
- Applied Physics Lab, Polar Science Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Marcela Ewert
- Applied Physics Lab, Polar Science Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Kianna Hales
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - William S. Noble
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jonathan Toner
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Bonnie Light
- Applied Physics Lab, Polar Science Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Karen A. Junge
- Applied Physics Lab, Polar Science Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jovanovic S, Dietrich D, Becker J, Kohlstedt M, Wittmann C. Microbial production of polyunsaturated fatty acids - high-value ingredients for aquafeed, superfoods, and pharmaceuticals. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 69:199-211. [PMID: 33540327 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), primarily docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), have received worldwide attention in recent years due to an increasing awareness of their uniqueness in improving diet and human health and their apparently inevitable shortage in global availability. Microbial cell factories are a major solution to supplying these precious molecules in sufficient amounts and providing PUFA-rich aquafeed, superfoods, and medical formulations. This review assesses the PUFA world markets and highlights recent advances in upgrading and streamlining microalgae, yeasts, fungi, and bacteria for high-level PUFA production and broadening of the PUFA spectrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofija Jovanovic
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Universität des Saarlandes, Germany
| | - Demian Dietrich
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Universität des Saarlandes, Germany
| | - Judith Becker
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Universität des Saarlandes, Germany
| | - Michael Kohlstedt
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Universität des Saarlandes, Germany
| | - Christoph Wittmann
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Universität des Saarlandes, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Romano R, Raddadi N, Fava F. Mediterranean Sea bacteria as a potential source of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 367:5884861. [PMID: 32766759 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), including EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) are important nutritional ingredients in fish feed. So far, fish oil has been used as a main source of LC-PUFAs; however, the limited global supply of fish oil is not able to meet the demand of the growing aquaculture sector. Hence, sustainability of aquaculture industry could be supported by searching alternative sources of these compounds. Marine microorganisms represent a sustainable and stable supply source of LC-PUFAs. A collection of 209 bacterial isolates obtained from sediment samples recovered in the Mediterranean Sea was screened in order to select new LC-PUFAs producers. Among 95 putative producers selected based on colourimetric screening, 31 quickly growing were selected for further studies. The detection of LC-PUFAs was confirmed from 15 isolates belonging to the genera Marinobacter, Halomonas and Thalassospira by GC-FID analysis. Among them, the isolate Marinobacter sp. G16.20 was found to be a potentially high LC-PUFA producer exhibiting relatively high levels of DHA in particular (maximum productivity of 1.85 ± 0.371 mg/g, representing 45.89% of the total fatty acids detected and identified). Microorganisms belonging to the genera reported in this study showed biotechnological traits interesting for their potential future application in aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Romano
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Noura Raddadi
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Fava
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Role of acyl-CoA dehydrogenases from Shewanella livingstonensis Ac10 in docosahexaenoic acid conversion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 528:453-458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
10
|
Bale NJ, Rijpstra WIC, Sahonero-Canavesi DX, Oshkin IY, Belova SE, Dedysh SN, Sinninghe Damsté JS. Fatty Acid and Hopanoid Adaption to Cold in the Methanotroph Methylovulum psychrotolerans. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:589. [PMID: 31024466 PMCID: PMC6460317 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Three strains of aerobic psychrotolerant methanotrophic bacteria Methylovulum psychrotolerans, isolated from geographically remote low-temperature environments in Northern Russia, were grown at three different growth temperatures, 20, 10 and 4°C and were found to be capable of oxidizing methane at all temperatures. The three M. psychrotolerans strains adapted their membranes to decreasing growth temperature by increasing the percent of unsaturated fatty acid (FAs), both for the bulk and intact polar lipid (IPL)-bound FAs. Furthermore, the ratio of βOH-C16:0 to n-C16:0 increased as growth temperature decreased. The IPL head group composition did not change as an adaption to temperature. The most notable hopanoid temperature adaptation of M. psychrotolerans was an increase in unsaturated hopanols with decreasing temperature. As the growth temperature decreased from 20 to 4°C, the percent of unsaturated M. psychrotolerans bulk-FAs increased from 79 to 89 % while the total percent of unsaturated hopanoids increased from 27 to 49 %. While increased FA unsaturation in response to decreased temperature is a commonly observed response in order to maintain the liquid-crystalline character of bacterial membranes, hopanoid unsaturation upon cold exposition has not previously been described. In order to investigate the mechanisms of both FA and hopanoid cold-adaption in M. psychrotolerans we identified genes in the genome of M. psychrotolerans that potentially code for FA and hopanoid desaturases. The unsaturation of hopanoids represents a novel membrane adaption to maintain homeostasis upon cold adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J Bale
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Institute for Sea Research, and Utrecht University, Texel, Netherlands
| | - W Irene C Rijpstra
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Institute for Sea Research, and Utrecht University, Texel, Netherlands
| | - Diana X Sahonero-Canavesi
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Institute for Sea Research, and Utrecht University, Texel, Netherlands
| | - Igor Y Oshkin
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana E Belova
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana N Dedysh
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jaap S Sinninghe Damsté
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Institute for Sea Research, and Utrecht University, Texel, Netherlands.,Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sun XM, Ren LJ, Zhao QY, Ji XJ, Huang H. Enhancement of lipid accumulation in microalgae by metabolic engineering. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:552-566. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
12
|
fabH deletion increases DHA production in Escherichia coli expressing Pfa genes. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:88. [PMID: 29884177 PMCID: PMC5992819 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0928-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some marine bacteria, such as Moritella marina, produce the nutraceutical docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) thanks to a specific enzymatic complex called Pfa synthase. Escherichia coli heterologously expressing the pfa gene cluster from M. marina also produces DHA. The aim of this study was to find genetic or metabolic conditions to increase DHA production in E. coli. RESULTS First, we analysed the effect of the antibiotic cerulenin, showing that DHA production increased twofold. Then, we tested a series of single gene knockout mutations affecting fatty acid biosynthesis, in order to optimize the synthesis of DHA. The most effective mutant, fabH, showed a threefold increase compared to wild type strain. The combination of cerulenin inhibition and fabH deletion rendered a 6.5-fold improvement compared to control strain. Both strategies seem to have the same mechanism of action, in which fatty acid synthesis via the canonical pathway (fab pathway) is affected in its first catalytic step, which allows the substrates to be used by the heterologous pathway to synthesize DHA. CONCLUSIONS DHA-producing E. coli strain that carries a fabH gene deletion boosts DHA production by tuning down the competing canonical biosynthesis pathway. Our approach can be used for optimization of DHA production in different organisms.
Collapse
|
13
|
Polyunsaturated fatty acids in marine bacteria and strategies to enhance their production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:5811-5826. [PMID: 29749565 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play an important role in human diet. Despite the wide-ranging importance and benefits from heart health to brain functions, humans and mammals cannot synthesize PUFAs de novo. The primary sources of PUFA are fish and plants. Due to the increasing concerns associated with food security as well as issues of environmental contaminants in fish oil, there has been considerable interest in the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids from alternative resources which are more sustainable, safer, and economical. For instance, marine bacteria, particularly the genus of Shewanella, Photobacterium, Colwellia, Moritella, Psychromonas, Vibrio, and Alteromonas, are found to be one among the major microbial producers of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Recent developments in the area with a focus on the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids from marine bacteria as well as the metabolic engineering strategies for the improvement of PUFA production are discussed.
Collapse
|
14
|
Liang Y, Luo D, Gao X, Wu H. Inhibitory effects of garcinone E on fatty acid synthase. RSC Adv 2018; 8:8112-8117. [PMID: 35542030 PMCID: PMC9078525 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13246h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is highly expressed in human adipocytes and cancer cells and is considered as a dual therapeutic target for obesity and cancer treatment. Garcinone E is a natural xanthone and exists in the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana. In previous studies, xanthones were reported to be highly active inhibitors of FAS. In the present study, the detailed inhibitory mechanism of garcinone E on FAS was investigated. We found that garcinone E inhibited the activity of FAS in a concentration-dependent manner with a half-inhibitory concentration value of 3.3 μM. The inhibition kinetic results showed that the inhibition of FAS by garcinone E was competitive with respect to acetyl-CoA, mixed competitive and noncompetitive with respect to malonyl-CoA, and noncompetitive to NADPH. In addition, garcinone E showed irreversible inhibition on FAS, which was different from all other xanthones. Since FAS is believed to be a therapeutic target for obesity and cancer treatment, these findings suggest the clinical potential of garcinone E in the prevention and treatment of both obesity and cancer. Garcinone E exhibits both fast-binding reversible and time-dependent irreversible inhibition on the activity of fatty acid synthase.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- School of Kinesiology and Health
- Capital University of Physical Education and Sports
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Di Luo
- Scientific Research Office
- Capital University of Physical Education and Sports
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Xuan Gao
- School of Kinesiology and Health
- Capital University of Physical Education and Sports
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Hao Wu
- Scientific Research Office
- Capital University of Physical Education and Sports
- Beijing 100191
- China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Siliakus MF, van der Oost J, Kengen SWM. Adaptations of archaeal and bacterial membranes to variations in temperature, pH and pressure. Extremophiles 2017; 21:651-670. [PMID: 28508135 PMCID: PMC5487899 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-017-0939-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The cytoplasmic membrane of a prokaryotic cell consists of a lipid bilayer or a monolayer that shields the cellular content from the environment. In addition, the membrane contains proteins that are responsible for transport of proteins and metabolites as well as for signalling and energy transduction. Maintenance of the functionality of the membrane during changing environmental conditions relies on the cell's potential to rapidly adjust the lipid composition of its membrane. Despite the fundamental chemical differences between bacterial ester lipids and archaeal ether lipids, both types are functional under a wide range of environmental conditions. We here provide an overview of archaeal and bacterial strategies of changing the lipid compositions of their membranes. Some molecular adjustments are unique for archaea or bacteria, whereas others are shared between the two domains. Strikingly, shared adjustments were predominantly observed near the growth boundaries of bacteria. Here, we demonstrate that the presence of membrane spanning ether-lipids and methyl branches shows a striking relationship with the growth boundaries of archaea and bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melvin F Siliakus
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - John van der Oost
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Servé W M Kengen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Peng YF, Chen WC, Xiao K, Xu L, Wang L, Wan X. DHA Production in Escherichia coli by Expressing Reconstituted Key Genes of Polyketide Synthase Pathway from Marine Bacteria. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162861. [PMID: 27649078 PMCID: PMC5029812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene encoding phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase), pfaE, a component of the polyketide synthase (PKS) pathway, is crucial for the production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6ω3), along with the other pfa cluster members pfaA, pfaB, pfaC and pfaD. DHA was produced in Escherichia coli by co-expressing pfaABCD from DHA-producing Colwellia psychrerythraea 34H with one of four pfaE genes from bacteria producing arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4ω6), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5ω3) or DHA, respectively. Substitution of the pfaE gene from different strain source in E. coli did not influence the function of the PKS pathway producing DHA, although they led to different DHA yields and fatty acid profiles. This result suggested that the pfaE gene could be switchable between these strains for the production of DHA. The DHA production by expressing the reconstituted PKS pathway was also investigated in different E. coli strains, at different temperatures, or with the treatment of cerulenin. The highest DHA production, 2.2 mg of DHA per gram of dry cell weight or 4.1% of total fatty acids, was obtained by co-expressing pfaE(EPA) from the EPA-producing strain Shewanella baltica with pfaABCD in DH5α. Incubation at low temperature (10–15°C) resulted in higher accumulation of DHA compared to higher temperatures. The addition of cerulenin to the medium increased the proportion of DHA and saturated fatty acids, including C12:0, C14:0 and C16:0, at the expense of monounsaturated fatty acids, including C16:1 and C18:1. Supplementation with 1 mg/L cerulenin resulted in the highest DHA yield of 2.4 mg/L upon co-expression of pfaE(DHA) from C. psychrerythraea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Feng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Wan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|