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Cao M, Sun W, Wang S, Di H, Du Q, Tan X, Meng W, Kang Z, Liu Y, Xu P, Lü C, Ma C, Gao C. Efficient L-valine production using systematically metabolic engineered Klebsiella oxytoca. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 395:130403. [PMID: 38295958 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
L-Valine, a branched-chain amino acid with diversified applications, is biosynthesized with α-acetolactate as the key precursor. In this study, the metabolic flux in Klebsiella oxytoca PDL-K5, a Risk Group 1 organism producing 2,3-butanediol as the major fermentation product, was rearranged to L-valine production by introducing exogenous L-valine biosynthesis pathway and blocking endogenous 2,3-butanediol generation at the metabolic branch point α-acetolactate. After further enhancing L-valine efflux, strengthening pyruvate polymerization and selecting of key enzymes for L-valine synthesis, a plasmid-free K. oxytoca strain VKO-9 was obtained. Fed-batch fermentation with K. oxytoca VKO-9 in a 7.5 L fermenter generated 122 g/L L-valine with a yield of 0.587 g/g in 56 h. In addition, repeated fed-batch fermentation was conducted to prevent precipitation of L-valine due to oversaturation. The average concentration, yield, and productivity of produced L-valine in three cycles of repeated fed-batch fermentation were 81.3 g/L, 0.599 g/g, and 3.39 g/L/h, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Weikang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Haiyan Di
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qihang Du
- Shandong Institute of Metrology, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Xiaoxu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wensi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhaoqi Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yidong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chuanjuan Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Cuiqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Zhang J, Zhao J, Fu Q, Liu H, Li M, Wang Z, Gu W, Zhu X, Lin R, Dai L, Liu K, Wang C. Metabolic engineering of Paenibacillus polymyxa for effective production of 2,3-butanediol from poplar hydrolysate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 392:130002. [PMID: 37956945 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
2,3-Butanediol is an essential renewable fuel. The synthesis of 2,3-butanediol using Paenibacillus polymyxa has attracted increasing attention. In this study, the glucose-derived 2,3-butanediol pathway and its related genes were identified in P. polymyxa using combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses. The functions of two distinct genes ldh1 and ldh3 encoding lactate dehydrogenase, the gene bdh encoding butanediol dehydrogenase, and the spore-forming genes spo0A and spoIIE were studied and directly knocked out or overexpressed in the genome sequence to improve the production of 2,3-butanediol. A raw hydrolysate of poplar wood containing 27 g/L glucose and 15 g/L xylose was used to produce 2,3-butanediol with a maximum yield of 0.465 g/g and 93 % of the maximum theoretical value, and the total production of 2,3-butanediol and ethanol reached 21.7 g/L. This study provides a new scheme for engineered P. polymyxa to produce renewable fuels using raw poplar wood hydrolysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-alkali Land, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Baolai-leelai Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Tai'an 271000, China.
| | - Jianzhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), and The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Quanbin Fu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Haiyang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-alkali Land, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Min Li
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-alkali Land, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Zhongyue Wang
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-alkali Land, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Wei Gu
- Shandong Baolai-leelai Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Tai'an 271000, China.
| | - Xueming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Rongshan Lin
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-alkali Land, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Li Dai
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Kai Liu
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-alkali Land, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Chengqiang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-alkali Land, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
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López-Linares JC, Mateo Martínez A, Coca M, Lucas S, García-Cubero MT. Carrot Discard as a Promising Feedstock to Produce 2,3-Butanediol by Fermentation with P. polymyxa DSM 365. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:937. [PMID: 37627821 PMCID: PMC10451558 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The valorization of fruit and vegetable residues (such as carrot discard) and their microbial conversion into 2,3-butanediol (BDO) can be considered as a very interesting way to reduce food waste and sustainably originate high value-added products. This work analyzes the valorization of carrot discard as feedstock for 2,3-butanediol (BDO) production by Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 365. The influences of stirring and the presence of tryptone (nitrogen source) are studied. Furthermore, in order to evaluate the influence of the pre-culture medium (nitrogen source, nutrients, and pH) and the substrate, fermentation assays in simple and mixture semi-defined media (glucose, fructose, and/or galactose) were also carried out. As a result, 18.8 g/L BDO, with a BDO yield of 0.43 g/g (86% of its theoretical value), could be obtained from carrot discard enzymatic hydrolysate at 100 rpm, no tryptone, and pre-culture Häßler medium. No hydrothermal pre-treatment was necessary for BDO production from carrot discard, which increases the profitability of the process. Therefore, 18.8 g BDO, as well as 2.5 g ethanol and 2.1 g acetoin by-products, could be obtained from 100 g of carrot discard (dry matter).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos López-Linares
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (J.C.L.-L.); (A.M.M.); (M.C.); (S.L.)
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Adrián Mateo Martínez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (J.C.L.-L.); (A.M.M.); (M.C.); (S.L.)
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Mónica Coca
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (J.C.L.-L.); (A.M.M.); (M.C.); (S.L.)
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Susana Lucas
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (J.C.L.-L.); (A.M.M.); (M.C.); (S.L.)
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - María Teresa García-Cubero
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (J.C.L.-L.); (A.M.M.); (M.C.); (S.L.)
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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Liu W, Zhang Z, Li Y, Zhu L, Jiang L. Efficient production of d-tagatose via DNA scaffold mediated oxidoreductases assembly in vivo from whey powder. Food Res Int 2023; 166:112637. [PMID: 36914333 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Among the emerging sweeteners, d-tagatose occupies a significant niche due to its low calorific value, antidiabetic property and growth promoting effects on intestinal probiotics. Recently, the main approach for d-tagatose biosynthesis is l-arabinose isomerase-based isomerization reaction from galactose, which shows relatively low conversion rate because of unfavorable thermodynamic equilibria. Herein, oxidoreductases, d-xylose reductase and galactitol dehydrogenase, together with endogenous β-galactosidase were employed to catalyze the biosynthesis of d-tagatose from lactose with a yield of 0.282 g/g in Escherichia coli. Then, a deactivated CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins-based DNA scaffold system was developed, which were proved to be efficient for assembling the oxidoreductases in vivo and got a 1.44-folds increase in d-tagatose titer and yield. Further, by employing d-xylose reductase with higher galactose affinity and activity, as well as overexpressing pntAB genes, the d-tagatose yield from lactose (0.484 g/g) increased to 92.0 % of the theoretical value, 1.72-times as that of original strain. Finally, whey powder, a lactose-rich food by-product, was bifunctionally utilized as an inducer and substrate. In the 5 L bioreactor, d-tagatose titer reached 32.3 g/L with little galactose detected, and the yield from lactose approached 0.402 g/g, which was the highest from waste biomass in the literature. The strategies used here might provide new insights into the biosynthesis of d-tagatose in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhilin Zhang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Liying Zhu
- College of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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5
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Omics-guided bacterial engineering of Escherichia coli ER2566 for recombinant protein expression. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:853-865. [PMID: 36539564 PMCID: PMC9767853 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12339-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The goal of bacterial engineering is to rewire metabolic pathways to generate high-value molecules for various applications. However, the production of recombinant proteins is constrained by the complexity of the connections between cellular physiology and recombinant protein synthesis. Here, we used a rational and highly efficient approach to improve bacterial engineering. Based on the complete genome and annotation information of the Escherichia coli ER2566 strain, we compared the transcriptomic profiles of the strain under leaky expression and low temperature-induced stress. Combining the gene ontology (GO) enrichment terms and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with higher expression, we selected and knocked out 36 genes to determine the potential impact of these genes on protein production. Deletion of bluF, cydA, mngR, and udp led to a significant decrease in soluble recombinant protein production. Moreover, at low-temperature induction, 4 DEGs (gntK, flgH, flgK, flgL) were associated with enhanced expression of the recombinant protein. Knocking out several motility-related DEGs (ER2666-ΔflgH-ΔflgL-ΔflgK) simultaneously improved the protein yield by 1.5-fold at 24 °C induction, and the recombinant strain had the potential to be applied in the expression studies of different exogenous proteins, aiming to improve the yields of soluble form to varying degrees in comparison to the ER2566 strain. Totally, this study focused on the anabolic and stress-responsive hub genes of the adaptation of E. coli to recombinant protein overexpression on the transcriptome level and constructs a series of engineering strains increasing the soluble protein yield of recombinant proteins which lays a solid foundation for the engineering of bacterial strains for recombinant technological advances. KEY POINTS: • Comparative transcriptome analysis shows host responses with altered induction stress. • Deletion of bluF, cydA, mngR, and udp genes was identified to significantly decrease the soluble recombinant protein productions. • Synchronal knockout of flagellar genes in E. coli can enhance recombinant protein yield up to ~ 1.5-fold at 24 °C induction. • Non-model bacterial strains can be re-engineered for recombinant protein expression.
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Lu P, Gao T, Bai R, Yang J, Xu Y, Chu W, Jiang K, Zhang J, Xu F, Zhao H. Regulation of carbon flux and NADH/NAD + supply to enhance 2,3-butanediol production in Enterobacter aerogenes. J Biotechnol 2022; 358:67-75. [PMID: 36087783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
As a valuable platform chemical, 2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BDO) has a variety of industrial applications, and its microbial production is particularly attractive as an alternative to petroleum-based production. In this study, the regulation of intracellular carbon flux and NADH/NAD+ was used to increase the 2,3-BDO production of Enterobacter aerogenes. The genes encoding lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) and pyruvate formate lyase (pfl) were disrupted using the λ-Red recombination method and CRISPR-Cas9 to reduce the production of several byproducts and the consumption of NADH. Knockout of ldh or pfl increased intracellular NADH/NAD+ by 111 % and 113 %, respectively. Moreover, two important genes in the 2,3-BDO biosynthesis pathway, acetolactate synthase (budB) and acetoin reductase (budC), were overexpressed in E. aerogenes to further amply the metabolic flux toward 2,3-BDO production. And the overexpression of budB or budC increased intracellular NADH/NAD+ by 46 % and 57 %, respectively. In shake-flask cultivation with sucrose as carbon source, the 2,3-BDO titer of the IAM1183-LPBC was 3.55 times that of the wild type. In the 5-L fermenter, the maximal 2,3-BDO production produced by the IAM1183-LPBC was 2.88 times that of the original strain. This work offers new ideas for promoting the biosynthesis of 2,3-BDO for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ting Gao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ruoxuan Bai
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jiayao Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yudong Xu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Wanying Chu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jingya Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Fangxu Xu
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Cordyceps Militaris with Functional Value, Experimental Teaching Center, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Hongxin Zhao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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Meng W, Zhang Y, Ma L, Lü C, Xu P, Ma C, Gao C. Non-Sterilized Fermentation of 2,3-Butanediol with Seawater by Metabolic Engineered Fast-Growing Vibrio natriegens. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:955097. [PMID: 35903792 PMCID: PMC9315368 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.955097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable and environment-friendly microbial fermentation processes have been developed to produce numerous chemicals. However, the high energy input required for sterilization and substantial fresh water consumption restrict the economic feasibility of traditional fermentation processes. To address these problems, Vibrio natriegens, a promising microbial chassis with low nutritional requirements, high salt tolerance and rapid growth rate can be selected as the host for chemical production. In this study, V. natriegens was metabolic engineered to produce 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD), an important platform chemical, through non-sterilized fermentation with seawater-based minimal medium after expressing a 2,3-BD synthesis cluster and deleting two byproduct encoding genes. Under optimized fermentative conditions, 41.27 g/L 2,3-BD was produced with a productivity of 3.44 g/L/h and a yield of 0.39 g/g glucose by recombinant strain V. natriegensΔfrdAΔldhA-pETRABC. This study confirmed the feasibility of non-sterilized fermentation using seawater to replace freshwater and other valuable chemicals may also be produced through metabolic engineering of the emerging synthetic biology chassis V. natriegens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongjia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liting Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chuanjuan Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuiqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Gao,
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Past, Present, and Future Perspectives on Whey as a Promising Feedstock for Bioethanol Production by Yeast. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8040395. [PMID: 35448626 PMCID: PMC9031875 DOI: 10.3390/jof8040395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerns about fossil fuel depletion and the environmental effects of greenhouse gas emissions have led to widespread fermentation-based production of bioethanol from corn starch or sugarcane. However, competition for arable land with food production has led to the extensive investigation of lignocellulosic sources and waste products of the food industry as alternative sources of fermentable sugars. In particular, whey, a lactose-rich, inexpensive byproduct of dairy production, is available in stable, high quantities worldwide. This review summarizes strategies and specific factors essential for efficient lactose/whey fermentation to ethanol. In particular, we cover the most commonly used strains and approaches for developing high-performance strains that tolerate fermentation conditions. The relevant genes and regulatory systems controlling lactose utilization and sources of new genes are also discussed in detail. Moreover, this review covers the optimal conditions, various feedstocks that can be coupled with whey substrates, and enzyme supplements for increasing efficiency and yield. In addition to the historical advances in bioethanol production from whey, this review explores the future of yeast-based fermentation of lactose or whey products for beverage or fuel ethanol as a fertile research area for advanced, environmentally friendly uses of industrial waste products.
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Meng W, Ma C, Xu P, Gao C. Biotechnological production of chiral acetoin. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 40:958-973. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Costa MA, Kuhn D, Rama GR, Lehn DN, Souza CFVD. Whey butter: a promising perspective for the dairy industry. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.08821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Cheese whey is the main by-product obtained in the production of cheese. Despite its high nutritional value, approximately half of the whey volume generated is still disposed incorrectly, which causes damage to the ecosystem due to the high cheese whey pollutant load. Therefore, it is important to use this by-product and its components in an increasing number of applications, especially as food ingredient. This review aimed to show the technology of production of butter from whey cream, as well as showing the physico-chemical, sensory, and nutritional characteristics of the product. There were no significant variations in the physico-chemical composition of milk cream butter and whey cream butter in the literature available. As the technology to produce whey butter is quite simple, this by-product has potential to be exploited by the dairy industry. Additionally, further studies on production process, characterization, and sensory analysis are required to enable its large-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Kuhn
- Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Brasil; Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Brasil
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11
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Engineering for an HPV 9-valent vaccine candidate using genomic constitutive over-expression and low lipopolysaccharide levels in Escherichia coli cells. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:227. [PMID: 34930257 PMCID: PMC8686089 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01719-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The various advantages associated with the growth properties of Escherichia coli have justified their use in the production of genetically engineered vaccines. However, endotoxin contamination, plasmid vector instability, and the requirement for antibiotic supplementation are frequent bottlenecks in the successful production of recombinant proteins that are safe for industrial-scaled applications. To overcome these drawbacks, we focused on interrupting the expression of several key genes involved in the synthesis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin frequently responsible for toxicity in recombinant proteins, to eliminate endotoxin contamination and produce better recombinant proteins with E. coli. Results Of 8 potential target genes associated with LPS synthesis, we successfully constructed 7 LPS biosynthesis-defective recombinant strains to reduce the production of LPS. The endotoxin residue in the protein products from these modified E. coli strains were about two orders of magnitude lower than that produced by the wild-type strain. Further, we found that 6 loci—lpxM, lpxP, lpxL, eptA, gutQ and kdsD—were suitable for chromosomal integrated expression of HPV L1 protein. We found that a single copy of the expression cassette conferred stable expression during long-term antibiotic-free cultivation as compared with the more variable protein production from plasmid-based expression. In large-scale fermentation, we found that recombinant strains bearing 3 to 5 copies of the expression cassette had 1.5- to 2-fold higher overall expression along with lower endotoxin levels as compared with the parental ER2566 strain. Finally, we engineered and constructed 9 recombinant E. coli strains for the later production of an HPV 9-valent capsid protein with desirable purity, VLP morphology, and antigenicity. Conclusions Reengineering the LPS synthesis loci in the E. coli ER2566 strain through chromosomal integration of expression cassettes has potential uses for the production of a 9-valent HPV vaccine candidate, with markedly reduced residual endotoxin levels. Our results offer a new strategy for recombinant E. coli strain construction, engineering, and the development of suitable recombinant protein drugs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-021-01719-8.
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Concentrated Buffalo Whey as Substrate for Probiotic Cultures and as Source of Bioactive Ingredients: A Local Circular Economy Approach towards Reuse of Wastewaters. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7040281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Waste reduction and reuse is a crucial target of current research efforts. In this respect, the present study was focused on providing an example of local investment in a simple process configuration that converts whey into value-added compounds and allows recovery of a clean water stream. In particular, buffalo milk whey obtained during mozzarella manufacturing was ultrafiltered in-house on spiral membrane modules (20 kDa), and the two obtained fractions, namely the retentate and the permeate, provided by the dairy factory, were further processed during this work. The use of an additional nanofiltration step allowed the recovery of high-quality water to be reused in the production cycle (machine rinsing water within the facility) and/or in agriculture, also reducing disposal costs and the environmental impact. The ultrafiltration retentate, on the other hand, was spray-dried and the powder obtained was used as the main substrate for the cultivation of Lactobacillus fermentum, a widely studied probiotic with anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and cholesterol-lowering properties. In addition, the same sample was tested in vitro on a human keratinocytes model. Resuspended concentrated whey powder improved cell reparation rate in scratch assays, assisted through time-lapse video-microscopy. Overall these data support the potential of buffalo whey as a source of biologically active components and recyclable water in the frame of a local circular economy approach.
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Biochemical and genomic identification of novel thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis strains YNP1-TSU, YNP2-TSU, and YNP3-TSU with potential in 2,3-butanediol production from non-sterile food waste fermentation. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lee JW, Lee YG, Jin YS, Rao CV. Metabolic engineering of non-pathogenic microorganisms for 2,3-butanediol production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:5751-5767. [PMID: 34287658 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11436-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BDO) is a promising commodity chemical with various industrial applications. While petroleum-based chemical processes currently dominate the industrial production of 2,3-BDO, fermentation-based production of 2,3-BDO provides an attractive alternative to chemical-based processes with regards to economic and environmental sustainability. The achievement of high 2,3-BDO titer, yield, and productivity in microbial fermentation is a prerequisite for the production of 2,3-BDO at large scales. Also, enantiopure production of 2,3-BDO production is desirable because 2,3-BDO stereoisomers have unique physicochemical properties. Pursuant to these goals, many metabolic engineering strategies to improve 2,3-BDO production from inexpensive sugars by Klebsiella oxytoca, Bacillus species, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been developed. This review summarizes the recent advances in metabolic engineering of non-pathogenic microorganisms to enable efficient and enantiopure production of 2,3-BDO. KEY POINTS: • K. oxytoca, Bacillus species, and S. cerevisiae have been engineered to achieve efficient 2,3-BDO production. • Metabolic engineering of non-pathogenic microorganisms enabled enantiopure production of 2,3-BDO. • Cost-effective 2,3-BDO production can be feasible by using renewable biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Won Lee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ye-Gi Lee
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Yong-Su Jin
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Christopher V Rao
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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Maina S, Prabhu AA, Vivek N, Vlysidis A, Koutinas A, Kumar V. Prospects on bio-based 2,3-butanediol and acetoin production: Recent progress and advances. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107783. [PMID: 34098005 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The bio-based platform chemicals 2,3-butanediol (BDO) and acetoin have various applications in chemical, cosmetics, food, agriculture, and pharmaceutical industries, whereas the derivatives of BDO could be used as fuel additives, polymer and synthetic rubber production. This review summarizes the novel technological developments in adapting genetic and metabolic engineering strategies for selection and construction of chassis strains for BDO and acetoin production. The valorization of renewable feedstocks and bioprocess development for the upstream and downstream stages of bio-based BDO and acetoin production are discussed. The techno-economic aspects evaluating the viability and industrial potential of bio-based BDO production are presented. The commercialization of bio-based BDO and acetoin production requires the utilization of crude renewable resources, the chassis strains with high fermentation production efficiencies and development of sustainable purification or conversion technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Maina
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos, 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Ashish A Prabhu
- Centre for Climate and Environmental Protection, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Narisetty Vivek
- Centre for Climate and Environmental Protection, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Anestis Vlysidis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos, 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolis Koutinas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos, 75, 11855 Athens, Greece.
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Centre for Climate and Environmental Protection, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK.
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Cao M, Jiang T, Li P, Zhang Y, Guo S, Meng W, Lü C, Zhang W, Xu P, Gao C, Ma C. Pyruvate Production from Whey Powder by Metabolic Engineered Klebsiella oxytoca. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:15275-15283. [PMID: 33300786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate is an important platform material widely used in food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. Pyruvate-tolerant Klebsiella oxytoca PDL-0 was chosen as a chassis for pyruvate production via metabolic engineering. Genes related to by-product generation were knocked out to decrease the production of 2,3-butantediol, acetate, ethanol, and succinate. The NADH oxidase encoding gene nox was inserted into the locus of the lactate dehydrogenase encoding gene ldhD in the genome of K. oxytoca to simultaneously block lactate production and regenerate NAD+. The pyruvate importers CstA and YjiY were identified, and their encoding genes were deleted to increase pyruvate accumulation. The engineered strain K. oxytoca PDL-YC produced 71.0 g/L pyruvate from glucose. Furthermore, K. oxytoca PDL-YC can use whey powder, an abundant by-product of the cheese making process, as substrate for pyruvate production. Pyruvate production with a concentration of 62.3 g/L and a productivity of 1.60 g/[L·h] was realized using whey powder as substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongtong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
- Tumen Inspection and Testing Center, Tumen, Jilin 133100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yipeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Wensi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanjuan Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Center for Gene and Immunotherapy, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
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