1
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Quach NT, Nguyen TTA, Vu THN, Ta TTT, Phi QT, Trieu TA, Van Thuoc D. Genome mining and physiological analyses uncover adaptation strategies and biotechnological potential of Virgibacillus dokdonensis T4.6 isolated from high-salt shrimp paste. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:309. [PMID: 38896253 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04049-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Virgibacillus spp. stand out as a potent starter culture for accelerating the fermention of fish sauces and shrimp pastes. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for their adaptation and biotechnological potential remain elusive. Therefore, the present study focuses on phenotypic and genomic analyses of a halophilic bacterium Virgibacillus dokdonensis T4.6, derived from Vietnamese high-salt fermented shrimp paste. The draft genome contained 4,096,868 bp with 3780 predicted coding sequences. Genome mining revealed the presence of 143 genes involved in osmotic adaptation explaining its resistant phenotype to 24% (w/v) NaCl. Among them, 37 genes making up the complete ectoine metabolism pathway, confirmed its ability to produce 4.38 ± 0.29 wt% ectoine under 12.5% NaCl stress. A significant finding was the identification of 39 genes responsible for an entire degradation pathway of the toxic biogenic amine histamine, which was in agreement with its histamine degradation rate of 42.7 ± 2.1% in the HA medium containing 5 mM histamine within 10 days at 37 °C. Furthermore, 114 proteolytic and 19 lipolytic genes were detected which might contribute to its survival as well as the nutrient quality and flavor of shrimp paste. Of note, a putative gene vdo2592 was found as a possible novel lipase/esterase due to its unique Glycine-Aspartate-Serine-Leucine (GDSL) sequence motif. This is the first report to reveal the adaptative strategies and related biotechnological potential of Virgibacillus associated with femented foods. Our findings indicated that V. dokdonensis T4.6 is a promising starter culture for the production of fermented shrimp paste products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Tung Quach
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thu An Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Hanh Nguyen Vu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | | | - Quyet-Tien Phi
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Trung Anh Trieu
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Doan Van Thuoc
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam.
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2
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Wang Z, Yang N, Liu M, Zhao D, Xiang H, Zheng Y. Complete genome sequence of a haloalkaliphilic heterotrophic bacterium Halomonas salifodinae IM328. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024:e0008424. [PMID: 38860781 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00084-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The genome of a halophilic bacterium Halomonas salifodinae IM328 was completely sequenced in order to offer convenience for the research such as the synthesis of compatible solutes. The genome contains a circular chromosome which was sequenced by PacBio system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Niping Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Mengshuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dahe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanning Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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3
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Yang N, Liu M, Han J, Jiang M, Zeng Y, Liu Y, Xiang H, Zheng Y. Rational engineering of Halomonas salifodinae to enhance hydroxyectoine production under lower-salt conditions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:353. [PMID: 38819481 PMCID: PMC11142988 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxyectoine is an important compatible solute that holds potential for development into a high-value chemical with broad applications. However, the traditional high-salt fermentation for hydroxyectoine production presents challenges in treating the high-salt wastewater. Here, we report the rational engineering of Halomonas salifodinae to improve the bioproduction of hydroxyectoine under lower-salt conditions. The comparative transcriptomic analysis suggested that the increased expression of ectD gene encoding ectoine hydroxylase (EctD) and the decreased expressions of genes responsible for tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle contributed to the increased hydroxyectoine production in H. salifodinae IM328 grown under high-salt conditions. By blocking the degradation pathway of ectoine and hydroxyectoine, enhancing the expression of ectD, and increasing the supply of 2-oxoglutarate, the engineered H. salifodinae strain HS328-YNP15 (ΔdoeA::PUP119-ectD p-gdh) produced 8.3-fold higher hydroxyectoine production than the wild-type strain and finally achieved a hydroxyectoine titer of 4.9 g/L in fed-batch fermentation without any detailed process optimization. This study shows the potential to integrate hydroxyectoine production into open unsterile fermentation process that operates under low-salinity and high-alkalinity conditions, paving the way for next-generation industrial biotechnology. KEY POINTS: • Hydroxyectoine production in H. salifodinae correlates with the salinity of medium • Transcriptomic analysis reveals the limiting factors for hydroxyectoine production • The engineered strain produced 8.3-fold more hydroxyectoine than the wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Mengshuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Mingyue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hua Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanning Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Garrison EC, Brown AMV, Salazar MM, Barr B, Moustaid-Moussa N, Gollahon LS. Microbiome Taxonomic and Functional Differences in C3H/HeJ Mice Fed a Long-Term High-Fat Diet with Beef Protein ± Ammonium Hydroxide Supplementation. Nutrients 2024; 16:1613. [PMID: 38892546 PMCID: PMC11174526 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies have suggested that alkalinized foods may reduce the effects of the acidogenic Western diet in promoting obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and coronary heart disease. Indeed, a recent study in mice fed a high-fat diet containing dietary beef supplemented with ammonium hydroxide showed improvement in a suite of metabolic outcomes. However, the effects of dietary protein ammonium supplementation on the microbiome remain unknown. In this study, the effects of ammonium supplementation on beef protein towards microbiome taxa and function in a high-fat diet were analyzed. Fecal microbiomes were characterized using a shotgun metagenomic approach for 16-month-old male and female mice after long-term diet treatments. The results for ammoniated diets showed that several bacteria known to be associated with health benefits increased significantly, including Romboutsia, Oscillospiraceae, and Lactococcus cremoris. The beneficial mucin-degrader Akkermansia was especially abundant, with a high prevalence (~86%) in females. Concurrently, the phyla Actinomycetota (Actinobacteria) and Bacteroidota (Bacteroidetes) were significantly reduced. While sex was a confounding factor affecting microbiome responses to ammonium supplementation in dietary protein, it is worth noting that several putatively beneficial microbiome functions increased with ammonium supplementation, such as glycine betaine transport, xenobiotic detoxification, enhanced defense, and others. Conversely, many disease-associated microbiome functions reduced. Importantly, modifying protein pH alone via ammonium supplementation induced beneficial microbiota changes. Taken together, these results suggest that ammonium-supplemented proteins may mediate some negative microbiome-associated effects of high-fat/Western diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Garrison
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (E.C.G.); (A.M.V.B.); (M.M.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Amanda M. V. Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (E.C.G.); (A.M.V.B.); (M.M.S.); (B.B.)
| | - McKinlee M. Salazar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (E.C.G.); (A.M.V.B.); (M.M.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Benjamin Barr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (E.C.G.); (A.M.V.B.); (M.M.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Lauren S. Gollahon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (E.C.G.); (A.M.V.B.); (M.M.S.); (B.B.)
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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Ma Z, Chang R, Zhu L, Zhu D, Deng Y, Guo X, Cheng Z, Chen X. Metabolic Engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for Highly Efficient Production of Ectoine. ACS Synth Biol 2024. [PMID: 38607270 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Ectoine is a compatible solute that functions as a cell protector from various stresses, protecting cells and stabilizing biomolecules, and is widely used in medicine, cosmetics, and biotechnology. Microbial fermentation has been widely used for the large-scale production of ectoine, and a number of fermentation strategies have been developed to increase the ectoine yield, reduce production costs, and simplify the production process. Here, Corynebacterium glutamicum was engineered for ectoine production by heterologous expression of the ectoine biosynthesis operon ectBAC gene from Halomonas elongata, and a series of genetic modifications were implemented. This included introducing the de3 gene from Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) to express the T7 promoter, eliminating the lysine transporter protein lysE to limit lysine production, and performing a targeted mutation lysCS301Y on aspartate kinase to alleviate feedback inhibition of lysine. The new engineered strain Ect10 obtained an ectoine titer of 115.87 g/L in an optimized fed-batch fermentation, representing the highest ectoine production level in C. glutamicum and achieving the efficient production of ectoine in a low-salt environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Ma
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Renjie Chang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Linjiang Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Dianhao Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Yanfeng Deng
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Xinying Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Ziyi Cheng
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
- Quzhou Eco-Industrial Innovation Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Quzhou 324003, PR China
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6
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Hu YQ, Zhang YH, Han W, Hu T, Du Y, Zeng YX. Complete genome sequence of the novel Antarctic Oceanisphaera sp. IT1-181 that carried five plasmids. Mar Genomics 2024; 74:101083. [PMID: 38485293 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2024.101083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria of the genus Oceanisphaera in the class Gammaproteobacteria are widely distributed in marine environments. Oceanisphaera sp. IT1-181 was isolated from intertidal sediment in the coastal region of the Chinese Great Wall Station on the Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica. Here, we sequenced the complete genome of strain IT1-181, which contained a single chromosome of 3,572,184 bp (G + C content of 49.89 mol%) with five plasmids. A total of 3229 protein-coding genes, 88 tRNA genes, and 25 rRNA genes were obtained. Genome sequence analysis revealed that strain IT1-181 was not only a potentially novel species of the genus Oceanisphaera, but also harbored genes involved in biosynthesizing ectoine as well as poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB). In addition, genes of a complete type I-E CRISPR-Cas system were found in the bacterium. The results indicate the potential of strain Oceanisphaera sp. IT1-181 in biotechnology and are helpful for us understanding its ecological roles in the changing Antarctic intertidal zone environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qiang Hu
- Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200136, China
| | - Yi-He Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200136, China; Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Wei Han
- Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200136, China
| | - Ting Hu
- Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200136, China
| | - Yu Du
- Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200136, China
| | - Yin-Xin Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200136, China; School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
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7
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Suárez‐Moo P, Prieto‐Davó A. Biosynthetic potential of the sediment microbial subcommunities of an unexplored karst ecosystem and its ecological implications. Microbiologyopen 2024; 13:e1407. [PMID: 38593340 PMCID: PMC11003711 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities from various environments have been studied in the quest for new natural products with a broad range of applications in medicine and biotechnology. We employed an enrichment method and genome mining tools to examine the biosynthetic potential of microbial communities in the sediments of a coastal sinkhole within the karst ecosystem of the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. Our investigation led to the detection of 203 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) and 55 secondary metabolites (SMs) within 35 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) derived from these subcommunities. The most abundant types of BGCs were Terpene, Nonribosomal peptide-synthetase, and Type III polyketide synthase. Some of the in silico identified BGCs and SMs have been previously reported to exhibit biological activities against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Others could play significant roles in the sinkhole ecosystem, such as iron solubilization and osmotic stress protection. Interestingly, 75% of the BGCs showed no sequence homology with bacterial BGCs previously reported in the MiBIG database. This suggests that the microbial communities in this environment could be an untapped source of genes encoding novel specialized compounds. The majority of the BGCs were identified in pathways found in the genus Virgibacillus, followed by Sporosarcina, Siminovitchia, Rhodococcus, and Halomonas. The latter, along with Paraclostridium and Lysinibacillus, had the highest number of identified BGC types. This study offers fresh insights into the potential ecological role of SMs from sediment microbial communities in an unexplored environment, underscoring their value as a source of novel natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Suárez‐Moo
- Unidad de Química‐Sisal, Facultad de QuímicaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoSisalYucatánMéxico
| | - Alejandra Prieto‐Davó
- Unidad de Química‐Sisal, Facultad de QuímicaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoSisalYucatánMéxico
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Dindhoria K, Kumar R, Bhargava B, Kumar R. Metagenomic assembled genomes indicated the potential application of hypersaline microbiome for plant growth promotion and stress alleviation in salinized soils. mSystems 2024; 9:e0105023. [PMID: 38377278 PMCID: PMC10949518 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01050-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change is causing unpredictable seasonal variations globally. Due to the continuously increasing earth's surface temperature, the rate of water evaporation is enhanced, conceiving a problem of soil salinization, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. The accumulation of salt degrades soil quality, impairs plant growth, and reduces agricultural yields. Salt-tolerant, plant-growth-promoting microorganisms may offer a solution, enhancing crop productivity and soil fertility in salinized areas. In the current study, genome-resolved metagenomic analysis has been performed to investigate the salt-tolerating and plant growth-promoting potential of two hypersaline ecosystems, Sambhar Lake and Drang Mine. The samples were co-assembled independently by Megahit, MetaSpades, and IDBA-UD tools. A total of 67 metagenomic assembled genomes (MAGs) were reconstructed following the binning process, including 15 from Megahit, 26 from MetaSpades, and 26 from IDBA_UD assembly tools. As compared to other assemblers, the MAGs obtained by MetaSpades were of superior quality, with a completeness range of 12.95%-96.56% and a contamination range of 0%-8.65%. The medium and high-quality MAGs from MetaSpades, upon functional annotation, revealed properties such as salt tolerance (91.3%), heavy metal tolerance (95.6%), exopolysaccharide (95.6%), and antioxidant (60.86%) biosynthesis. Several plant growth-promoting attributes, including phosphate solubilization and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, were consistently identified across all obtained MAGs. Conversely, characteristics such as iron acquisition and potassium solubilization were observed in a substantial majority, specifically 91.3%, of the MAGs. The present study indicates that hypersaline microflora can be used as bio-fertilizing agents for agricultural practices in salinized areas by alleviating prevalent stresses. IMPORTANCE The strategic implementation of metagenomic assembled genomes (MAGs) in exploring the properties and harnessing microorganisms from ecosystems like hypersaline niches has transformative potential in agriculture. This approach promises to redefine our comprehension of microbial diversity and its ecosystem roles. Recovery and decoding of MAGs unlock genetic resources, enabling the development of new solutions for agricultural challenges. Enhanced understanding of these microbial communities can lead to more efficient nutrient cycling, pest control, and soil health maintenance. Consequently, traditional agricultural practices can be improved, resulting in increased yields, reduced environmental impacts, and heightened sustainability. MAGs offer a promising avenue for sustainable agriculture, bridging the gap between cutting-edge genomics and practical field applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Dindhoria
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Raghawendra Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Bhavya Bhargava
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rakshak Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Huang M, Zhang H, Ren M, Ji B, Sun K. The synthesis of ectoine enhance the assimilation of ammonia nitrogen in hypersaline wastewater by the salt-tolerant assimilation bacteria sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169694. [PMID: 38160842 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
In contrast to nitrification-denitrification microorganisms that convert ammonia nitrogen in hypersaline wastewater into nitrogen for discharge, this research utilizes sludge enriched with salt-tolerant assimilation bacteria (STAB) to assimilate organic matter and ammonia nitrogen in hypersaline wastewater into ectoine - a biomass with high economic value and resistance to external osmotic pressure. The study investigates the relationship between the synthesis of ectoine and nitrogen removal efficiency of STAB sludge in three sequencing batch reactors (SBR) operated at different salinities (50, 75, and 100 g/L) and organic matter concentrations. The research reveals that, under low concentration carbon sources (TOC/N = 4, NH4+-N = 60 mg/L), the ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency of SBR reactors increased by 14.51 % and 17.25 % within 5 d and 2 d, respectively, when salinity increased from 50 g/L to 75 g/L and 100 g/L. Under high concentration carbon sources (TOC/N = 8, NH4+-N = 60 mg/L), the ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency of STAB sludge in the three reactors stabilized at 80.20 %, 76.71 %, and 72.87 %, and the total nitrogen removal efficiency was finally stabilized at 80.47 %, 73.15 %, and 65.53 %, respectively. The nitrogen removal performance by ammonium-assimilating of STAB sludge is more sustainable under low salinity, while it is more short-term explosive under high salinity. Moreover, the intracellular ectoine concentration of STAB sludge was found to be related to this behavior. Empirical formulas confirm that STAB sludge synthesizes ectoine from nutrients in wastewater through assimilation, and intracellular ectoine has a threshold defect (150 mg/gVss). The ectoine metabolism pathways of STAB sludge was constructed using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). The ammonia nitrogen in sewage is converted into glutamic acid under the action of assimilation genes. It then undergoes a tricarboxylic acid cycle to synthesize the crucial precursor of ectoine - aspartic acid. Subsequently, ectoine is produced through ectoine synthase. The findings suggest that when the synthesis of intracellular ectoine reaches saturation, it inhibits the continuous nitrogen removal performance of STAB sludge under high salinity. STAB sludge does not actively release ectoine through channels under stable external osmotic pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglei Huang
- Zhejiang University, 310013, China; NingboTech University, 315100, China
| | | | - Min Ren
- Ningbo Marine Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, 315100, China
| | - Bixiao Ji
- NingboTech University, 315100, China
| | - Keying Sun
- Zhejiang University, 310013, China; NingboTech University, 315100, China
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10
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Kadam P, Khisti M, Ravishankar V, Barvkar V, Dhotre D, Sharma A, Shouche Y, Zinjarde S. Recent advances in production and applications of ectoine, a compatible solute of industrial relevance. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130016. [PMID: 37979886 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Extremophilic bacteria growing in saline ecosystems are potential producers of biotechnologically important products including compatible solutes. Ectoine/hydroxyectoine are two such solutes that protect cells and associated macromolecules from osmotic, heat, cold and UV stress without interfering with cellular functions. Since ectoine is a high value product, overviewing strategies for improving yields become relevant. Screening of natural isolates, use of inexpensive substrates and response surface methodology approaches have been used to improve bioprocess parameters. In addition, genome mining exercises can aid in identifying hitherto unreported microorganisms with a potential to produce ectoine that can be exploited in the future. Application wise, ectoine has various biotechnological (protein protectant, membrane modulator, DNA protectant, cryoprotective agent, wastewater treatment) and biomedical (dermatoprotectant and in overcoming respiratory and hypersensitivity diseases) uses. The review summarizes current updates on the potential of microorganisms in the production of this industrially relevant metabolite and its varied applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Kadam
- Department of Biotechnology (with jointly merged Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune,411007, India
| | - Mitesh Khisti
- Department of Biotechnology (with jointly merged Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune,411007, India
| | - Varun Ravishankar
- Department of Biotechnology (with jointly merged Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune,411007, India
| | - Vitthal Barvkar
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune,411007, India
| | - Dhiraj Dhotre
- National Center for Microbial Resource (NCMR), National Center for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune,411007, India
| | - Avinash Sharma
- National Center for Microbial Resource (NCMR), National Center for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune,411007, India; School of Agriculture, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India
| | - Yogesh Shouche
- National Center for Microbial Resource (NCMR), National Center for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune,411007, India; SKAN Research Center, Bengaluru, India
| | - Smita Zinjarde
- Department of Biotechnology (with jointly merged Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune,411007, India.
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11
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Lai M, Qian Y, Wu YH, Han C, Liu Q. Devosia aquimaris sp. nov., isolated from seawater of the Changjiang River estuary of China. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2024; 117:29. [PMID: 38280102 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-023-01924-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
A gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium strain CJK-A8-3T was isolated from a polyamine-enriched seawater sample collected from the Changjiang River estuary of China. The colonies were white and circular. Strain CJK-A8-3T grew optimally at 35 °C, pH 7.0 and 1.5% NaCl. Its polar lipids contained phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, unidentified glycolipids, and a combination of phospholipids and glycolipids. The respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10, and its main fatty acids were C16:0, 11-methyl C18:1ω7c and Summed Feature 8 (including C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c). The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA genes placed strain CJK-A8-3T in a new linage within the genus Devosia. 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CJK-A8-3T showed identities of 98.50% with Devosia beringensis S02T, 98.15% with D. oryziradicis, and 98.01% with D. submarina JCM 18935T. The genome size of strain CJK-A8-3T was 3.81 Mb with the DNA G + C content 63.9%, higher than those of the reference strains (60.4-63.8%). The genome contained genes functional in the metabolism of terrigenous aromatic compounds, alkylphosphonate and organic nitrogen, potentially beneficial for nutrient acquirement and environmental remediation. It also harbored genes functional in antibiotics resistance and balance of osmotic pressure, enhancing their adaptation to estuarine environments. Both genomic investigation and experimental verification showed that strain CJK-A8-3T could be versatile and efficient to use diverse organic nitrogen compounds as carbon and nitrogen sources. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genomic characteristics, strain CJK-A8-3T was identified as a novel Devosia species, named as Devosia aquimaris sp. nov. The type strain is CJK-A8-3T (= MCCC 1K06953T = KCTC 92162T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan Lai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yurong Qian
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhua Han
- Institute of Polar and Ocean Technology, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Feng Y, Qiu M, Shao L, Jiang Y, Zhang W, Jiang W, Xin F, Jiang M. Strategies for the biological production of ectoine by using different chassis strains. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 70:108306. [PMID: 38157997 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
As an amino acid derivative and a typical compatible solute, ectoine can assist microorganisms in resisting high osmotic pressure. Own to its long-term moisturizing effects, ectoine shows extensive applications in cosmetics, medicine and other fields. With the rapid development of synthetic biology and fermentation engineering, many biological strategies have been developed to improve the ectoine production and simplify the production process. Currently, the microbial fermentation has been widely used for large scaling ectoine production. Accordingly, this review will introduce the metabolic pathway for ectoine synthesis and also comprehensively evaluate both wild-type and genetically modified strains for ectoine production. Furthermore, process parameters affecting the ectoine production efficiency and adoption of low cost substrates will be evaluated. Lastly, future prospects on the improvement of ectoine production will be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Min Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Lei Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Yujia Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Wankui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China.
| | - Fengxue Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China.
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
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13
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Li L, Li N, Wang X, Gao S, Zhang J, Zhou J, Wu Z, Zeng W. Metabolic engineering combined with enzyme engineering for overproduction of ectoine in Escherichia coli. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 390:129862. [PMID: 37839643 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Ectoine, a natural protective agent, is naturally synthesized at low titers by some extreme environment microorganisms that are usually difficult to culture. There is a need for an efficient and eco-friendly ectoine production process. In this study, Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) with the ectABC gene cluster from Halomonas venusta achieved 1.7 g/L ectoine. After optimizing the expression plasmid, 2.1 g/L ectoine was achieved. Besides, the aspartate kinase mutant LysCT311I from Corynebacterium glutamicum and aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase from Halomonas elongata were overexpressed to increase precursors supply. Furthermore, the rate-limiting enzyme EctB was semirationally engineered, and the E407D mutation enhanced ectoine production by 13.8 %. To improve acetyl-CoA supply, the non-oxidative glycolysis pathway was introduced. Overall, the optimized strain ECT9-5 produced 67.1 g/L ectoine by fed-batch fermentation with a 0.3 g/g of glucose and the kinetic model resulted in a good fit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Li
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ning Li
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xinglong Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Song Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhimeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Weizhu Zeng
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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14
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Wang Z, Li Y, Gao X, Xing J, Wang R, Zhu D, Shen G. Comparative genomic analysis of Halomonas campaniensis wild-type and ultraviolet radiation-mutated strains reveal genomic differences associated with increased ectoine production. Int Microbiol 2023; 26:1009-1020. [PMID: 37067733 PMCID: PMC10622362 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00356-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Ectoine is a natural amino acid derivative and one of the most widely used compatible solutes produced by Halomonas species that affects both cellular growth and osmotic equilibrium. The positive effects of UV mutagenesis on both biomass and ectoine content production in ectoine-producing strains have yet to be reported. In this study, the wild-type H. campaniensis strain XH26 (CCTCCM2019776) was subjected to UV mutagenesis to increase ectoine production. Eight rounds of mutagenesis were used to generate mutated XH26 strains with different UV-irradiation exposure times. Ectoine extract concentrations were then evaluated among all strains using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, alongside whole genome sequencing with the PacBio RS II platform and comparison of the wild-type strain XH26 and the mutant strain G8-52 genomes. The mutant strain G8-52 (CCTCCM2019777) exhibited the highest cell growth rate and ectoine yields among mutated strains in comparison with strain XH26. Further, ectoine levels in the aforementioned strain significantly increased to 1.51 ± 0.01 g L-1 (0.65 g g-1 of cell dry weight), representing a twofold increase compared to wild-type cells (0.51 ± 0.01 g L-1) when grown in culture medium for ectoine accumulation. Concomitantly, electron microscopy revealed that mutated strain G8-52 cells were obviously shorter than wild-type strain XH26 cells. Moreover, strain G8-52 produced a relatively stable ectoine yield (1.50 g L-1) after 40 days of continuous subculture. Comparative genomics analysis suggested that strain XH26 harbored 24 mutations, including 10 nucleotide insertions, 10 nucleotide deletions, and unique single nucleotide polymorphisms. Notably, the genes orf00723 and orf02403 (lipA) of the wild-type strain mutated to davT and gabD in strain G8-52 that encoded for 4-aminobutyrate-2-oxoglutarate transaminase and NAD-dependent succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, respectively. Consequently, these genes may be involved in increased ectoine yields. These results suggest that continuous multiple rounds of UV mutation represent a successful strategy for increasing ectoine production, and that the mutant strain G8-52 is suitable for large-scale fermentation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Wang
- Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Yongzhen Li
- Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Jiangwa Xing
- Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Derui Zhu
- Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Guoping Shen
- Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China.
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15
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Rodero MDR, Carmona-Martínez AA, Martínez-Fraile C, Herrero-Lobo R, Rodríguez E, García-Encina PA, Peña M, Muñoz R. Ectoines production from biogas in pilot bubble column bioreactors and their subsequent extraction via bio-milking. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 245:120665. [PMID: 37801795 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the potential of biogas from waste/wastewater treatment as a renewable energy source, the presence of pollutants and the rapid decrease in the levelized cost of solar and wind power constrain the use of biogas for energy generation. Biogas conversion into ectoine, one of the most valuable bioproducts (1000 €/kg), constitutes a new strategy to promote a competitive biogas market. The potential for a stand-alone 20 L bubble column bioreactor operating at 6% NaCl and two 10 L interconnected bioreactors (at 0 and 6% NaCl, respectively) for ectoine production from biogas was comparatively assessed. The stand-alone reactor supported the best process performance due to its highest robustness and efficiency for ectoine accumulation (20-52 mgectoine/gVSS) and CH4 degradation (up to 84%). The increase in N availability and internal gas recirculation did not enhance ectoine synthesis. However, a 2-fold increase in the internal gas recirculation resulted in an approximately 1.3-fold increase in CH4 removal efficiency. Finally, the recovery of ectoine through bacterial bio-milking resulted in efficiencies of >70% without any negative impact of methanotrophic cell recycling to the bioreactors on CH4 biodegradation or ectoine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Rosario Rodero
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Valladolid 47011, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Alessandro A Carmona-Martínez
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Valladolid 47011, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Cristina Martínez-Fraile
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Valladolid 47011, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Raquel Herrero-Lobo
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Valladolid 47011, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Elisa Rodríguez
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Valladolid 47011, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Pedro A García-Encina
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Valladolid 47011, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Mar Peña
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Valladolid 47011, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Raúl Muñoz
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Valladolid 47011, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n., Valladolid 47011, Spain.
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16
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Faulkner M, Hoeven R, Kelly PP, Sun Y, Park H, Liu LN, Toogood HS, Scrutton NS. Chemoautotrophic production of gaseous hydrocarbons, bioplastics and osmolytes by a novel Halomonas species. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:152. [PMID: 37821908 PMCID: PMC10568851 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02404-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Production of relatively low value, bulk commodity chemicals and fuels by microbial species requires a step-change in approach to decrease the capital and operational costs associated with scaled fermentation. The utilisation of the robust and halophilic industrial host organisms of the genus Halomonas could dramatically decrease biomanufacturing costs owing to their ability to grow in seawater, using waste biogenic feedstocks, under non-sterile conditions. RESULTS We describe the isolation of Halomonas rowanensis, a novel facultative chemoautotrophic species of Halomonas from a natural brine spring. We investigated the ability of this species to produce ectoine, a compound of considerable industrial interest, under heterotrophic conditions. Fixation of radiolabelled NaH14CO3 by H. rowanensis was confirmed in mineral medium supplied with thiosulfate as an energy source. Genome sequencing suggested carbon fixation proceeds via a reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle, and not the Calvin-Bensen-Bassham cycle. The mechanism of energy generation to support chemoautotrophy is unknown owing to the absence of an annotated SOX-based thiosulfate-mediated energy conversion system. We investigated further the biotechnological potential of the isolated H. rowanensis by demonstrating production of the gaseous hydrocarbon (bio-propane), bioplastics (poly-3-hydroxybutyrate) and osmolytes (ectoine) under heterotrophic and autotrophic CO2 fixation growth conditions. CONCLUSIONS This proof-of-concept study illustrates the value of recruiting environmental isolates as industrial hosts for chemicals biomanufacturing, where CO2 utilisation could replace, or augment, the use of biogenic feedstocks in non-sterile, industrialised bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Faulkner
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Robin Hoeven
- C3 Biotechnologies Ltd, 20 Mannin Way, Caton Road, Lancaster, LA1 35W, Lancashire, UK
- Engineering Building A, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Paul P Kelly
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Yaqi Sun
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK
| | - Helen Park
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Lu-Ning Liu
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK
| | - Helen S Toogood
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
- C3 Biotechnologies Ltd, 20 Mannin Way, Caton Road, Lancaster, LA1 35W, Lancashire, UK.
| | - Nigel S Scrutton
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
- C3 Biotechnologies Ltd, 20 Mannin Way, Caton Road, Lancaster, LA1 35W, Lancashire, UK.
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17
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Pardo-Esté C, Leiva SG, Remonsellez F, Castro-Nallar E, Castro-Severyn J, Saavedra CP. Exploring the Influence of Small-Scale Geographical and Seasonal Variations Over the Microbial Diversity in a Poly-extreme Athalosaline Wetland. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:297. [PMID: 37490160 PMCID: PMC10368551 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03395-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms are the most diverse life form on the planet and are critical for maintaining the geochemical cycles, especially in extreme environments. Bacterial communities are dynamic and respond directly to changes in abiotic conditions; among these communities, poly-extremophiles are particularly sensitive to perturbations due to their high specialization. Salar de Huasco is a high-altitude wetland located on the Chilean Altiplano exhibiting several conditions considered extreme for life, including negative water balance, extreme variations in temperature and pH values, high UV radiation, and the presence of various toxic metal(oids). However, previous reports have revealed a diverse bacterial community that has adapted to these conditions, here, we aimed to determine whether microbial community diversity and composition changed in response to geographical and seasonal variations. We found that there are significant differences in diversity, abundance, and composition in bacterial taxa that could be attributed to local geographical and seasonal variations, which in turn, can be associated with microbial traits. In conclusion, in this poly-extreme environment, small-scale changes can trigger significant changes in the microbial communities that maintain basic biogeochemical cycles. Further in depth analysis of microbial functionality and geo-ecological dynamics are necessary to better understand the relationships between seasonal changes and bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coral Pardo-Esté
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Sergio Guajardo Leiva
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Avda. Lircay s/n, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Ecología Integrativa, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Avda. Lircay s/n, Talca, Chile
| | - Francisco Remonsellez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Extremófilos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Tecnológica del Agua en el Desierto-CEITSAZA, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Eduardo Castro-Nallar
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Avda. Lircay s/n, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Ecología Integrativa, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Avda. Lircay s/n, Talca, Chile
| | - Juan Castro-Severyn
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Extremófilos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile.
| | - Claudia P Saavedra
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
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18
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Zhang W, Liu K, Kong F, Ye T, Wang T. Multiple Functions of Compatible Solute Ectoine and Strategies for Constructing Overproducers for Biobased Production. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00827-7. [PMID: 37488320 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00827-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Ectoine and its derivative 5-hydroxyectoine are compatible solutes initially found in the hyperhalophilic bacterium Ectothiorhodospira halochloris, which inhabits the desert in Egypt. The habitat of ectoine producers implies the primary function of ectoine as a cytoprotectant against harsh conditions such as high salinity, drought, and high radiation. More extensive and in-depth studies have revealed the multiple functions of ectoine in its native producer bacterial cells and other types of cells and its biomolecular components (such as proteins and DNA) as a general protective agent. Its chemical properties as a bio-based amino acid derivative make it attractive for basic scientific research and related industries, such as the food/agricultural industry, cosmetic manufacturing, biologics, and therapeutic agent preparation. This article first discusses the functions and applications of ectoine and 5-hydroxyectoine. Subsequently, more emphasis was placed on advances in bio-based ectoine and/or 5-hydroxyectoine production. Strategies for developing more robust cell factories for highly efficient ectoine and/or 5-hydroxyectoine production are further discussed. We hope this review will provide a valuable reference for studies on the bio-based production of ectoine and 5-hydroxyectoine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Liu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Kong
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Ye
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianwen Wang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Rong JC, Sheng L, Jiang LH, Yi ML, Wu JY, Zhao Q. Genomic insights into secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical utility for Hyphococcus flavus MCCC 1K03223 T, isolated from bathypelagic seawater. Mar Genomics 2023; 69:101031. [PMID: 37100527 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2023.101031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
During an attempt to screen secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical utility, we sequenced the complete genome of type strain of a novel marine bacterial genus, named genus Hyphococcus. The type strain, Hyphococcus flavus MCCC 1K03223T, was isolated from bathypelagic seawater of South China Sea at a depth of 2500 m. The complete genome of strain MCCC 1K03223T is composed of a circular chromosome of 3,472,649 bp with a mean G + C content of 54.8%. Functional genomic analysis showed that this genome encodes five biosynthetic gene clusters, which were annotated to synthesize medicinally important secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolites annotated include ectoine which acts cytoprotection, ravidomycin which is an antitumor antibiotic and three other different metabolites of terpene type. The secondary metabolic potentials of H. flavus revealed in this study provide more evidences on mining bioactive substances from marine bathypelagic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Cheng Rong
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Li Sheng
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Li-Hua Jiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Mao-Li Yi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Jin-Ying Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China.
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20
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Cantera S, Di Benedetto F, Tumulero BF, Sousa DZ. Microbial conversion of carbon dioxide and hydrogen into the fine chemicals hydroxyectoine and ectoine. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 374:128753. [PMID: 36801441 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study explores a novel conversion of CO2 into the chemicals hydroxyectoine and ectoine, which are compounds with high retail values in the pharmaceutical industry. Firstly, 11 species of microbes able to use CO2 and H2 and that have the genes for ectoines synthesis (ectABCD) were identified through literature search and genomic mining. Laboratory tests were then conducted to ascertain the capacity of these microbes to produce ectoines from CO2. Results showed that the most promising bacteria for CO2 to ectoines bioconversion areHydrogenovibrio marinus, Rhodococcus opacus, and Hydrogenibacillus schlegelii.Upon salinity and H2/CO2/O2 ratio optimization,H. marinus accumulated 85 mg of ectoine g biomass-1. Interestingly, R.opacusand H. schlegelii mainly produced hydroxyectoine (53 and 62 mg g biomass-1), which has a higher commercial value. Overall, these results constitute the first proof of a novel valorization platform of CO2 and lay the foundation for a new economic niche aimed at CO2 recircularization into pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cantera
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Francesca Di Benedetto
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ben F Tumulero
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Diana Z Sousa
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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21
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Sun F, Dong Y, Ni M, Ping Z, Sun Y, Ouyang Q, Qian L. Mobile and Self-Sustained Data Storage in an Extremophile Genomic DNA. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206201. [PMID: 36737843 PMCID: PMC10074078 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
DNA has been pursued as a novel biomaterial for digital data storage. While large-scale data storage and random access have been achieved in DNA oligonucleotide pools, repeated data accessing requires constant data replenishment, and these implementations are confined in professional facilities. Here, a mobile data storage system in the genome of the extremophile Halomonas bluephagenesis, which enables dual-mode storage, dynamic data maintenance, rapid readout, and robust recovery. The system relies on two key components: A versatile genetic toolbox for the integration of 10-100 kb scale synthetic DNA into H. bluephagenesis genome and an efficient error correction coding scheme targeting noisy nanopore sequencing reads. The storage and repeated retrieval of 5 KB data under non-laboratory conditions are demonstrated. The work highlights the potential of DNA data storage in domestic and field scenarios, and expands its application domain from archival data to frequently accessed data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fajia Sun
- Center for Quantitative BiologyPeking University5 Yiheyuan Road Haidian DistrictBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Yiming Dong
- Center for Quantitative BiologyPeking University5 Yiheyuan Road Haidian DistrictBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Ming Ni
- Academician Workstation of BGI Synthetic GenomicsBGI‐ShenzhenHuada Comprehensive ParkYantian DistrictShenzhen518083P. R. China
| | - Zhi Ping
- Academician Workstation of BGI Synthetic GenomicsBGI‐ShenzhenHuada Comprehensive ParkYantian DistrictShenzhen518083P. R. China
| | - Yuhui Sun
- Academician Workstation of BGI Synthetic GenomicsBGI‐ShenzhenHuada Comprehensive ParkYantian DistrictShenzhen518083P. R. China
| | - Qi Ouyang
- Center for Quantitative BiologyPeking University5 Yiheyuan Road Haidian DistrictBeijing100871P. R. China
- The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic PhysicsPeking University5 Yiheyuan Road Haidian DistrictBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Long Qian
- Center for Quantitative BiologyPeking University5 Yiheyuan Road Haidian DistrictBeijing100871P. R. China
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22
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Bird LJ, Mickol RL, Eddie BJ, Thakur M, Yates MD, Glaven SM. Marinobacter: A case study in bioelectrochemical chassis evaluation. Microb Biotechnol 2023; 16:494-506. [PMID: 36464922 PMCID: PMC9948230 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The junction of bioelectrochemical systems and synthetic biology opens the door to many potentially groundbreaking technologies. When developing these possibilities, choosing the correct chassis organism can save a great deal of engineering effort and, indeed, can mean the difference between success and failure. Choosing the correct chassis for a specific application requires a knowledge of the metabolic potential of the candidate organisms, as well as a clear delineation of the traits, required in the application. In this review, we will explore the metabolic and electrochemical potential of a single genus, Marinobacter. We will cover its strengths, (salt tolerance, biofilm formation and electrochemical potential) and weaknesses (insufficient characterization of many strains and a less developed toolbox for genetic manipulation) in potential synthetic electromicrobiology applications. In doing so, we will provide a roadmap for choosing a chassis organism for bioelectrochemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina J Bird
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Rebecca L Mickol
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Brian J Eddie
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Meghna Thakur
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Matthew D Yates
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Sarah M Glaven
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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23
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Singh B, Kumar A, Saini AK, Saini RV, Thakur R, Mohammed SA, Tuli HS, Gupta VK, Areeshi MY, Faidah H, Jalal NA, Haque S. Strengthening microbial cell factories for efficient production of bioactive molecules. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-34. [PMID: 36809927 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2177039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
High demand of bioactive molecules (food additives, antibiotics, plant growth enhancers, cosmetics, pigments and other commercial products) is the prime need for the betterment of human life where the applicability of the synthetic chemical product is on the saturation due to associated toxicity and ornamentations. It has been noticed that the discovery and productivity of such molecules in natural scenarios are limited due to low cellular yields as well as less optimized conventional methods. In this respect, microbial cell factories timely fulfilling the requirement of synthesizing bioactive molecules by improving production yield and screening more promising structural homologues of the native molecule. Where the robustness of the microbial host can be potentially achieved by taking advantage of cell engineering approaches such as tuning functional and adjustable factors, metabolic balancing, adapting cellular transcription machinery, applying high throughput OMICs tools, stability of genotype/phenotype, organelle optimizations, genome editing (CRISPER/Cas mediated system) and also by developing accurate model systems via machine-learning tools. In this article, we provide an overview from traditional to recent trends and the application of newly developed technologies, for strengthening the systemic approaches and providing future directions for enhancing the robustness of microbial cell factories to speed up the production of biomolecules for commercial purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Singh
- Department of Biotechnology and Central Research Cell, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, India
| | - Ankit Kumar
- TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, TERI Gram, The Energy and Resources Institute, Gurugram, India
| | - Adesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Biotechnology and Central Research Cell, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, India
| | - Reena Vohra Saini
- Department of Biotechnology and Central Research Cell, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, India
| | - Rahul Thakur
- Department of Biotechnology and Central Research Cell, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, India
| | - Shakeel A Mohammed
- Department of Biotechnology and Central Research Cell, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, India
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology and Central Research Cell, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Centre, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mohammed Y Areeshi
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Faidah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif A Jalal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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24
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Dong Z, Sun T, Zhang W, Chen L. Improved salt tolerance of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 by heterologous synthesis of compatible solute ectoine. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1123081. [PMID: 36819058 PMCID: PMC9932913 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1123081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the essential abiotic stresses for the survival of cyanobacteria. However, the realization of large-scale cultivation of cyanobacteria is inseparable from the utilization of abundant seawater resources. Therefore, research on the regulatory mechanism, as well as the improvement of salt tolerance of cyanobacteria is fundamental. Ectoine, a compatible solute which was found in halophilic microorganisms, has potentiality to confer salt tolerance. Here in this article, the salt tolerance of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 (Syn7942) was significantly improved via expressing the ectoine biosynthetic pathway, reaching an increased final OD750 by 20% under 300 mM NaCl and 80% under 400 mM NaCl than that of wild-type (WT), respectively. Encouragingly, the engineered strain could even survive under 500 mM NaCl which was lethal to WT. In addition, by introducing the ectoine synthetic pathway into the sucrose-deficient strain, the salt tolerance of the obtained strain Syn7942/Δsps-ect was restored to the level of WT under 300 mM NaCl stress, demonstrating that ectoine could substitute for sucrose to combat against salt stress in Syn7942. In order to study the difference in the regulation of mechanism on the salt adaptation process after replacing sucrose with ectoine, transcriptomic analysis was performed for Syn7942/Δsps-ect and WT. The differentially expressed gene analysis successfully identified 19 up-regulated genes and 39 down-regulated genes in Syn7942/Δsps-ect compared with WT under salt stress condition. The results also showed that the global regulation of Syn7942/Δsps-ect and WT had certain differences in the process of salt adaptation, in which Syn7942/Δsps-ect reduced the demand for the intensity of sulfur metabolism in this process. This study provides a valuable reference for further salt tolerance engineering in cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxin Dong
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China,Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China,Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin, China,Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Tao Sun,
| | - Weiwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China,Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin, China,Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China,Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin, China,Lei Chen,
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25
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Molecular Dynamics Simulations for the Michaelis Complex of Ectoine Synthase (EctC). Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectoine is a chemical chaperone synthesised and used by bacteria to defend against osmotic stress. Although it has already gained attention from the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, thanks to its hydrating and cell-protecting properties, the reaction mechanism of its final synthesis step is still not fully understood. The ultimate step of ectoine biosynthesis is catalysed by the ectoine synthase enzyme (EctC), which requires an iron ion for substrate binding and overall enzymatic activity. Even though a crystal structure for Paenibacillus lautus EctC—substrate complex is available (PDB: 5ONN), it is not very informative with respect to the geometry of the active site because: (1) the crystal was obtained at a pH value far from the enzyme’s pH optimum, (2) the electron density at the Fe position is weak, and (3) the Fe-ligand distances are too long. To fill this gap, in this work we have used classical molecular dynamics simulations to model the enzyme-substrate (N-gamma-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid) complex of Paenibacillus lautus EctC (PlEctC). Since PlEctC is a homodimeric protein, MD simulations were carried out for a dimer with various plausible occupancies by the substrate and for two plausible coordination geometries around the catalytic Fe ion: tetrahedral and octahedral. MD results revealed that the presence of the ligand has a stabilising effect on the protein structure, most notably on a short helix 112–118, which flanks the entrance to the active site. The most important amino acids for substrate binding are Trp21, Arg25, Asn38, Thr40, and Tyr52, which were also identified in the crystal structure. Importantly, the substrate can easily adopt a conformation suitable for the progress of the catalytic reaction, and it does so spontaneously for the octahedral 6-coordinate geometry of the iron cofactor or with a low energy penalty (ca. 3 kcal/mol) in the case of 4-coordinate tetrahedral geometry. Simulations for different substrate occupancy states did not reveal any signs of cooperativity between the two monomers.
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26
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Jungmann L, Hoffmann SL, Lang C, De Agazio R, Becker J, Kohlstedt M, Wittmann C. High-efficiency production of 5-hydroxyectoine using metabolically engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:274. [PMID: 36578077 PMCID: PMC9798599 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-02003-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extremolytes enable microbes to withstand even the most extreme conditions in nature. Due to their unique protective properties, the small organic molecules, more and more, become high-value active ingredients for the cosmetics and the pharmaceutical industries. While ectoine, the industrial extremolyte flagship, has been successfully commercialized before, an economically viable route to its highly interesting derivative 5-hydroxyectoine (hydroxyectoine) is not existing. RESULTS Here, we demonstrate high-level hydroxyectoine production, using metabolically engineered strains of C. glutamicum that express a codon-optimized, heterologous ectD gene, encoding for ectoine hydroxylase, to convert supplemented ectoine in the presence of sucrose as growth substrate into the desired derivative. Fourteen out of sixteen codon-optimized ectD variants from phylogenetically diverse bacterial and archaeal donors enabled hydroxyectoine production, showing the strategy to work almost regardless of the origin of the gene. The genes from Pseudomonas stutzeri (PST) and Mycobacterium smegmatis (MSM) worked best and enabled hydroxyectoine production up to 97% yield. Metabolic analyses revealed high enrichment of the ectoines inside the cells, which, inter alia, reduced the synthesis of other compatible solutes, including proline and trehalose. After further optimization, C. glutamicum Ptuf ectDPST achieved a titre of 74 g L-1 hydroxyectoine at 70% selectivity within 12 h, using a simple batch process. In a two-step procedure, hydroxyectoine production from ectoine, previously synthesized fermentatively with C. glutamicum ectABCopt, was successfully achieved without intermediate purification. CONCLUSIONS C. glutamicum is a well-known and industrially proven host, allowing the synthesis of commercial products with granted GRAS status, a great benefit for a safe production of hydroxyectoine as active ingredient for cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications. Because ectoine is already available at commercial scale, its use as precursor appears straightforward. In the future, two-step processes might provide hydroxyectoine de novo from sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Jungmann
- grid.11749.3a0000 0001 2167 7588Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus A1.5, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Sarah Lisa Hoffmann
- grid.11749.3a0000 0001 2167 7588Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus A1.5, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Caroline Lang
- grid.11749.3a0000 0001 2167 7588Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus A1.5, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Raphaela De Agazio
- grid.11749.3a0000 0001 2167 7588Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus A1.5, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Judith Becker
- grid.11749.3a0000 0001 2167 7588Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus A1.5, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michael Kohlstedt
- grid.11749.3a0000 0001 2167 7588Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus A1.5, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christoph Wittmann
- grid.11749.3a0000 0001 2167 7588Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus A1.5, Saarbrücken, Germany
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27
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Genomic Investigation of Desert Streptomyces huasconensis D23 Reveals Its Environmental Adaptability and Antimicrobial Activity. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122408. [PMID: 36557661 PMCID: PMC9784485 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The harsh climatic conditions of deserts may lead to unique adaptations of microbes, which could serve as potential sources of new metabolites to cope with environmental stresses. However, the mechanisms governing the environmental adaptability and antimicrobial activity of desert Streptomyces remain inadequate, especially in extreme temperature differences, drought conditions, and strong radiation. Here, we isolated a Streptomyces strain from rocks in the Kumtagh Desert in Northwest China and tested its antibacterial activity, resistance to UV-C irradiation, and tolerance to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The whole-genome sequencing was carried out to study the mechanisms underlying physiological characteristics and ecological adaptation from a genomic perspective. This strain has a growth inhibitory effect against a variety of indicator bacteria, and the highest antibacterial activity recorded was against Bacillus cereus. Moreover, strain D23 can withstand UV-C irradiation up to 100 J/m2 (D10 = 80 J/m2) and tolerate stress up to 70 mM H2O2. The genome prediction of strain D23 revealed the mechanisms associated with its adaptation to extreme environmental and stressful conditions. In total, 33 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) were predicted based on anti-SMASH. Gene annotation found that S. huasconensis D23 contains several genes and proteins associated with the biosynthesis of factors required to cope with environmental stress of temperature, UV radiation, and osmotic pressure. The results of this study provide information about the genome and BGCs of the strain S. huasconensis D23. The experimental results combined with the genome sequencing data show that antimicrobial activity and stress resistance of S. huasconensis D23 was due to the rich and diverse secondary metabolite production capacity and the induction of stress-responsive genes. The environmental adaptability and antimicrobial activity information presented here will be valuable for subsequent work regarding the isolation of bioactive compounds and provide insight into the ecological adaptation mechanism of microbes to extreme desert environments.
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28
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Ma Z, Wu C, Zhu L, Chang R, Ma W, Deng Y, Chen X. Bioactivity profiling of the extremolyte ectoine as a promising protectant and its heterologous production. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:331. [PMID: 36311375 PMCID: PMC9606177 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03370-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectoine is a compatible solutes that is diffusely dispersed in bacteria and archaea. It plays a significant role as protectant against various external pressures, such as high temperature, high osmolarity, dryness and radiation, in cells. Ectoine can be utilized in cosmetics due to its properties of moisturizing and antiultraviolet. It can also be used in the pharmaceutical industry for treating various diseases. Therefore, strong protection of ectoine creates a high commercial value. Its current market value is approximately US$1000 kg-1. However, traditional ectoine production in high-salinity media causes high costs of equipment loss and wastewater treatment. There is a growing attention to reduce the salinity of the fermentation broth without sacrificing the production of ectoine. Thus, heterologous production of ectoine in nonhalophilic microorganisms may represent the new generation of the industrial production of ectoine. In this review, we summarized and discussed the biological activities of ectoine on cell and human health protection and its heterologous production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Ma
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chutian Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Linjiang Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Renjie Chang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Weilin Ma
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Deng
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
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29
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Orhan F, Ceyran E. Identification of novel halophilic/halotolerant bacterial species producing compatible solutes. Int Microbiol 2022; 26:219-229. [PMID: 36342583 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-022-00289-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ectoine and hydroxyectoine are compatible solutes with enormous potential for use in the medical and cosmetic industries. Considering the excellent osmoprotective properties of these compatible solutes, we investigate the presence of four compatible solutes (ectoine, hydroxyectoine, proline, and glutamic acid) quantitatively by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in forty-five halophilic/halotolerant bacterial isolates. We determined ectoine production by Marinibacillus sp., Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis, Halobacillus sp., Bacillus patagoniensis, Virgibacillus picturae, Halomonas neptunia, Bacillus patagoniensis, Gracilibacillus sp., Thalassobacillus devorans, Microbacterium sp., Nesterenkonia sp., and Bacillus agaradhaerens, and this production was NaCl dependent. Additionally, the production of hydroxyectoine was observed in six bacterial isolates (Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis, Halobacillus sp., Halomonas neptunia, Thalassobacillus devorans, Nesterenkonia sp., and Bacillus agaradhaerens) which was NaCl and temperature dependent. The study identified new bacterial isolates producing ectoine or hydroxyectoine. While the ectoine production in many different Bacillus members and a few Nesterenkonia have been documented before, ectoine production by Bacillus patagoniensis and Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis has not been shown so far. Further, ectoine production by a member of the genus Thalassobacillus (Thalassobacillus devorans) was demonstrated experimentally for the first time. The findings reported in the study may serve as a basis for the large-scale production of ectoine and hydroxyectoine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furkan Orhan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Agri İbrahim Cecen University, Agri, 04200, Turkey.
- Central Research and Application Laboratory, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, 04200, Turkey.
| | - Ertuğrul Ceyran
- Central Research and Application Laboratory, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, 04200, Turkey
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30
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Lian C, Zhang M, Mao J, Liu Y, Wang X, Kong L, Yao Q, Qin J. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses for providing insights into the influence of polylysine synthetase on the metabolism of Streptomyces albulus. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:224. [PMID: 36307825 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01953-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) is the main secondary metabolite of Streptomyces albulus, and it is widely used in the food industry. Polylysine synthetase (Pls) is the last enzyme in the ε-PL biosynthetic pathway. Our previous study revealed that Pls overexpressed in S. albulus CICC11022 result in the efficient production of ε-PL. In this study, a Pls gene knockout strain was initially constructed. Then, genomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches were integrated to study the effects of the high expression and knockout of Pls on the gene expression and metabolite synthesis of S. albulus. The high expression of Pls resulted in 598 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 425 known differential metabolites, whereas the inactivation of Pls resulted in 868 significant DEGs and 374 known differential metabolites. The expressions of 8 and 35 genes were negatively and positively associated with the Pls expression, respectively. Subsequently, the influence mechanism of the high expression and inactivation of Pls on the ε-PL biosynthetic pathway was elucidated. Twelve metabolites with 30% decreased yield in the high-expression strain of Pls but 30% increased production in the Pls knockout strain were identified. These results demonstrate the influence of Pls on the metabolism of S. albulus. The present work can provide the theoretical basis for improving the production capacity of ε-PL by means of metabolic engineering or developing bioactive substances derived from S. albulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Lian
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Mao
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuwen Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghui Kong
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingshou Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiayang Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Jiang A, Song Y, You J, Zhang X, Xu M, Rao Z. High-yield ectoine production in engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum by fine metabolic regulation via plug-in repressor library. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 362:127802. [PMID: 36007762 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ectoine is a high-value protective and stabilizing agent with different applications in biopharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and fine chemicals. Here, efficient production of ectoine in Corynebacterium glutamicum was achieved by combination of metabolic engineering and plug-in repressor library strategy. First, the ectBAC cluster from Pseudomonas stutzeri was introduced into strain K02, and the titer of the obtained strain was 2.12 g/L. Metabolic engineering was then performed for further optimization, including removal of competing pathways (pck and ldh knockout), deletion of glycolysis repressor (sugR knockout), and enhancement of precursor supply (overexpression of Ecasd and CglysCS301Y). Next, two repressor libraries were designed for targeted flux control to improve ectoine production. Finally, strain CB5L6 produced 45.52 g/L ectoine and had the highest yield in C. glutamicum. For the first time, plug-in repressor library was employed to engineer C. glutamicum for metabolites production, which will provide a guideline for the construction of microbial cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yunhai Song
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jia You
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Meijuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Zhiming Rao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Whole-Genome Sequencing of the Tropical Marine Bacterium Nocardiopsis dassonvillei NCIM 5124, Containing the Ectoine Biosynthesis Gene Cluster
ectABC. Microbiol Resour Announc 2022; 11:e0043522. [PMID: 36154194 PMCID: PMC9584341 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00435-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome sequence (7,057,619 bp; GC content, 72.07%) of a tropical marine isolate, Nocardiopsis dassonvillei NCIM 5124, containing the biomedically and biotechnologically important gene cluster ectABC is reported here.
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Czech L, Gertzen C, Smits SHJ, Bremer E. Guilty by association: importers, exporters and
MscS
‐type mechanosensitive channels encoded in biosynthetic gene clusters for the stress‐protectant ectoine. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:5306-5331. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Czech
- Department of Biology, Laboratory for Microbiology and Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO) Philipps‐University Marburg Marburg Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO) Philipps‐University Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Christoph Gertzen
- Center for Structural Studies (CSS) Heinrich‐Heine‐University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Heinrich‐Heine‐University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Sander H. J. Smits
- Center for Structural Studies (CSS) Heinrich‐Heine‐University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Erhard Bremer
- Department of Biology, Laboratory for Microbiology and Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO) Philipps‐University Marburg Marburg Germany
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34
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Yu J, Wang Z, Wang J, Mohisn A, Liu H, Zhang Y, Zhuang Y, Guo M. Physiological metabolic topology analysis of Halomonas elongata DSM 2581 T in response to sodium chloride stress. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:3509-3525. [PMID: 36062959 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The halophilic bacterium Halomonas elongata DSM 2581T generally adapts well to high level of salinity by biosynthesizing ectoine, which functions as an important compatible solute protecting the cell against external salinity environment. Halophilic bacteria have specific metabolic activities under high-salt conditions and are gradually applied in various industries. The present study focuses on investigating the physiological and metabolic mechanism of Halomonas elongata DSM 2581T driven by the external salinity environment. The physiological metabolic dynamics under salt stress were investigated to evaluate the effect of NaCl stress on the metabolism of H. elongata. The obtained results demonstrated that ectoine biosynthesis transited from a non-growth-related process to a growth-related process when the NaCl concentration varied from 1% to 13% (w/v). The maximum biomass (Xm =41.37 g/L), and highest ectoine production (Pm =12.91 g/L) were achieved under 8% NaCl. Moreover, the maximum biomass (Xm ) and the maximum specific growth rates (μm ) showed a first rising and then declining trend with the increased NaCl stress. Furthermore, the transcriptome analysis of H. elongata under different NaCl concentrations demonstrated that both 8% and 13% NaCl conditions resulted in increased expressions of genes involved in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway, Flagellar assembly pathway and ectoine metabolism, but negatively affected the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and Fatty acid metabolism. At last, the proposed possible adaptation mechanism under the optimum NaCl concentration in H. elongata was described. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zejian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering for Energy Resources, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ali Mohisn
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yingping Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Meijin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai, 200237, China
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Hobmeier K, Oppermann M, Stasinski N, Kremling A, Pflüger-Grau K, Kunte HJ, Marin-Sanguino A. Metabolic engineering of Halomonas elongata: Ectoine secretion is increased by demand and supply driven approaches. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:968983. [PMID: 36090101 PMCID: PMC9453808 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.968983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of naturally-derived biomolecules in everyday products, replacing conventional synthetic manufacturing, is an ever-increasing market. An example of this is the compatible solute ectoine, which is contained in a plethora of treatment formulations for medicinal products and cosmetics. As of today, ectoine is produced in a scale of tons each year by the natural producer Halomonas elongata. In this work, we explore two complementary approaches to obtain genetically improved producer strains for ectoine production. We explore the effect of increased precursor supply (oxaloacetate) on ectoine production, as well as an implementation of increased ectoine demand through the overexpression of a transporter. Both approaches were implemented on an already genetically modified ectoine-excreting strain H. elongata KB2.13 (ΔteaABC ΔdoeA) and both led to new strains with higher ectoine excretion. The supply driven approach led to a 45% increase in ectoine titers in two different strains. This increase was attributed to the removal of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), which allowed the conversion of 17.9% of the glucose substrate to ectoine. For the demand driven approach, we investigated the potential of the TeaBC transmembrane proteins from the ectoine-specific Tripartite ATP-Independent Periplasmic (TRAP) transporter as export channels to improve ectoine excretion. In the absence of the substrate-binding protein TeaA, an overexpression of both subunits TeaBC facilitated a three-fold increased excretion rate of ectoine. Individually, the large subunit TeaC showed an approximately five times higher extracellular ectoine concentration per dry weight compared to TeaBC shortly after its expression was induced. However, the detrimental effect on growth and ectoine titer at the end of the process hints toward a negative impact of TeaC overexpression on membrane integrity and possibly leads to cell lysis. By using either strategy, the ectoine synthesis and excretion in H. elongata could be boosted drastically. The inherent complementary nature of these approaches point at a coordinated implementation of both as a promising strategy for future projects in Metabolic Engineering. Moreover, a wide variation of intracelllular ectoine levels was observed between the strains, which points at a major disruption of mechanisms responsible for ectoine regulation in strain KB2.13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Hobmeier
- Professorship for Systems Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Oppermann
- Professorship for Systems Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Natalie Stasinski
- Professorship for Systems Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas Kremling
- Professorship for Systems Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Katharina Pflüger-Grau
- Professorship for Systems Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Hans Jörg Kunte
- Division Biodeterioration and Reference Organisms, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-prüfung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
| | - Alberto Marin-Sanguino
- Professorship for Systems Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
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36
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Liu L, Ma X, Bilal M, Wei L, Tang S, Luo H, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Duan X. Toxicity and inhibition mechanism of gallic acid on physiology and fermentation performance of Escherichia coli. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:76. [PMID: 38647760 PMCID: PMC10992115 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00564-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallic acid is a natural phenolic acid that has a stress inhibition effect on Escherichia coli. This study by integrates fermentation characteristics and transcriptional analyses to elucidate the physiological mechanism of E. coli 3110 response to gallic acid. Compared with the control (without stress), the cell growth was severely retarded, and irregular cell morphology appeared in the case of high levels of gallic acid stress. The glucose consumption of E. coli was reduced successively with the increase of gallic acid content in the fermentation medium. After 20 h of gallic acid stress, cofactor levels (ATP, NAD+ and NADH) of E. coli 3110 were similarly decreased, indicating a more potent inhibitory effect of gallic acid on E. coli. The transcriptional analysis revealed that gallic acid altered the gene expression profiles related to five notable differentially regulated pathways. The genes related to the two-component system were up-regulated, while the genes associated with ABC-transporter, energy metabolism, carbon metabolism, and fatty acid biosynthesis were down-regulated. This is the first report to comprehensively assess the toxicity of gallic acid on E. coli. This study has implications for the efficient production of phenolic compounds by E. coli and provides new ideas for the study of microbial tolerance to environmental stress and the identification of associated tolerance targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Liu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China.
| | - Xiaolong Ma
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Linlin Wei
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Shijie Tang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Hongzhen Luo
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Yuping Zhao
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Zhaoyu Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Xuguo Duan
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
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37
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Cantera S, Sousa DZ, Sánchez-Andrea I. Enhanced ectoines production by carbon dioxide capture: A step further towards circular economy. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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38
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Chen SY, Peng TC, Huang SZ, Chien CC. Isolation of an ectoine-producing Sinobaca sp. and identification of genes that are involved in ectoine biosynthesis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2022; 369:6596284. [PMID: 35641156 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnac046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A moderate halophilic bacterium that could accumulate ectoine and hydroxyectoine was isolated from soil near a salt mine and was identified as a Sinobaca sp. (designed strain H24) according to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The bacterium grew well in the presence of 1 to 2 M NaCl, while growth in a medium that contained 2 M NaCl led to higher accumulation of ectoines. The yields of ectoine and hydroxyectoine by Sinobaca sp. H24 reached 11.27 mg/L and 1.34 mg/L, respectively, when cultured in the following medium: NaCl (2 M), peptone (5 g/L), yeast extract (1 g/L), NH4Cl (0.02 M), KH2PO4 (1 M), K2HPO4 (0.1 M) and glycerol (1% w/v). Genes that are involved in ectoine biosynthesis of Sinobaca sp. H24 were also identified, and their sequences were determined by a metagenomics approach. The results demonstrated that Sinobaca sp. H24 possesses ectoine metabolism genes for both ectoine biosynthesis (ectA, ectB, ectC and ectD) and ectoine degradation (doeA). Genes that are related to ectoine biosynthesis, such as lysC and asd, were also characterized. The identification and characterization results for ectoine/hydroxyectoine biosynthesis genes are in agreement with the physiology of Sinobaca sp. H24 as a potential candidate for ectoine production for industrial applications. This report established for the first time the accumulation of ectoine/hydroxyectoine in Sinobaca sp. and characterized the genes that are involved in ectoine/hydroxyectoine biosynthesis in Sinobaca sp. H24.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Yu Chen
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chia Peng
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Ze Huang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Chien
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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39
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Abosamaha A, Williamson MP, Gilmour DJ. Utilization and accumulation of compatible solutes in Halomonas pacifica: a species of moderately halophilic bacteria isolated from a saline lake in South Libya. Access Microbiol 2022; 4:acmi000359. [PMID: 36003353 PMCID: PMC9394535 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
When grown in high salt concentrations, halophilic bacteria often accumulate compatible solutes, which have major applications in biotechnology because they stabilize cells and proteins. Four Gram-negative bacterial strains, belonging to the family Halomonadaceae, were isolated from Qaberoun and Um-Alma lakes in South Libya using high-salinity medium. The strains were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing as belonging to Halomonas pacifica (strain ABQ1), Halomonas venusta (ABQ2), Halomonas elongata (ABU1) and Halomonas salifodinae (ABU2). H. pacifica ABQ1 is a moderate halophile (salinity range 0.05 to 2.5 M NaCl), with a broad tolerance to pH (7 to 9) and temperature (25–37 °C). Addition of the compatible solutes glycine betaine (betaine) and ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidine carboxylic acid) to the medium had a positive effect on growth of H. pacifica at 2 M NaCl. In rich LB medium, betaine was the major compatible solute accumulated, with ectoine only being accumulated at salinities in excess of 1 M NaCl. In minimal M9 medium, betaine was not produced, but increasing amounts of ectoine were synthesized with increasing salinity, and hydroxyectoine [(4S,5S)−5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid] was also synthesized when the cells were grown in very high salt. We have thus identified H. pacifica as a producer of ectoine and hydroxyectoine, with more being produced at higher salinities. As industrial demand for these compatible solutes continues to increase, this system has biotechnological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolkader Abosamaha
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Mike P. Williamson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - D. James Gilmour
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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40
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Martínez GM, Pire C, Martínez-Espinosa RM. Hypersaline environments as natural sources of microbes with potential applications in biotechnology: the case of solar evaporation systems to produce salt in Alicante County (Spain). CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2022; 3:100136. [PMID: 35909606 PMCID: PMC9325878 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Martínez Martínez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Division, Agrochemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, Alicante, E-03080 Spain
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies “Ramón Margalef”, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, Alicante, E-03080 Spain
| | - Carmen Pire
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Division, Agrochemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, Alicante, E-03080 Spain
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies “Ramón Margalef”, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, Alicante, E-03080 Spain
| | - Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Division, Agrochemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, Alicante, E-03080 Spain
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies “Ramón Margalef”, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, Alicante, E-03080 Spain
- Corresponding author.
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41
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Wendisch VF, Nampoothiri KM, Lee JH. Metabolic Engineering for Valorization of Agri- and Aqua-Culture Sidestreams for Production of Nitrogenous Compounds by Corynebacterium glutamicum. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:835131. [PMID: 35211108 PMCID: PMC8861201 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.835131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum is used for the million-ton-scale production of amino acids. Valorization of sidestreams from agri- and aqua-culture has focused on the production of biofuels and carboxylic acids. Nitrogen present in various amounts in sidestreams may be valuable for the production of amines, amino acids and other nitrogenous compounds. Metabolic engineering of C. glutamicum for valorization of agri- and aqua-culture sidestreams addresses to bridge this gap. The product portfolio accessible via C. glutamicum fermentation primarily features amino acids and diamines for large-volume markets in addition to various specialty amines. On the one hand, this review covers metabolic engineering of C. glutamicum to efficiently utilize components of various sidestreams. On the other hand, examples of the design and implementation of synthetic pathways not present in native metabolism to produce sought after nitrogenous compounds will be provided. Perspectives and challenges of this concept will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker F Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - K Madhavan Nampoothiri
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Jin-Ho Lee
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, Busan, South Korea
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42
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Sattar OIA, Abuseada HH, Emara MS, Rabee M. Green Electrochemical and Chromatographic Quantifications of the Extremolyte Ectoine in Halophilic Bacterial Cultures and Related Pharmaceutical Preparations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 213:114680. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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43
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Kang JY, Lee B, Kim JA, Kim MS, Kim CH. Identification and characterization of an ectoine biosynthesis gene cluster from Aestuariispira ectoiniformans sp. nov., isolated from seawater. Microbiol Res 2021; 254:126898. [PMID: 34710834 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An ectoine-producing bacterium, designated SWCN16T, was isolated from seawater and could be grown in a medium containing up to 12 % NaCl. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SWCN16T belonged to the genus Aestuariispira, class Alphaproteobacteria, and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.8% with Aestuariispira insulae CECT 8488T. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic characteristics findings of this study suggested that strain SWCN16T represented a novel species of the genus Aestuariispira. We propose the name Aestuariispira ectoiniformans sp. nov. for this species. Whole-genome sequencing analysis of the isolate revealed a putative ectABC gene cluster for ectoine biosynthesis. These genes were found to be functional using ectoine synthesis testing and S16-ectBAC cells, which were pET21a-ectBAC-transformed E. coli BL21 cells. We found that S16-ectBAC synthesized about 1.67 g/L extracellular ectoine and about 0.59 g/L intracellular ectoine via bioconversion at optimum conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Kang
- Industrial Microbiology and Bioprocess Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup-si, 580-185, Republic of Korea.
| | - Binna Lee
- Industrial Microbiology and Bioprocess Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup-si, 580-185, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Ah Kim
- Industrial Microbiology and Bioprocess Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup-si, 580-185, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Soo Kim
- Industrial Microbiology and Bioprocess Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup-si, 580-185, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chul Ho Kim
- Industrial Microbiology and Bioprocess Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup-si, 580-185, Republic of Korea.
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44
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Ma Q, Xia L, Wu H, Zhuo M, Yang M, Zhang Y, Tan M, Zhao K, Sun Q, Xu Q, Chen N, Xie X. Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for efficient osmotic stress-free production of compatible solute hydroxyectoine. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 119:89-101. [PMID: 34612520 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Compatible solutes are key for the ability of halophilic bacteria to resist high osmotic stress. They have received wide attention from researchers for their excellent osmotic protection properties. Hydroxyectoine is a particularly important compatible solute, but its production by microbes faces several challenges, including low titer/yield, the presence of the byproduct ectoine, and the requirement of high salinity. Here, we aimed to metabolically engineer Escherichia coli to efficiently produce hydroxyectoine in the absence of osmotic stress without accumulating the byproduct ectoine. First, combinatorial optimization of the expression strength of key genes in the ectoine synthesis module and hydroxyectoine synthesis module was conducted. After optimization of the expression of these genes, 12.12 g/L hydroxyectoine and 0.24 g/L ectoine were obtained at 36 h in shake-flask fermentation with the addition of the co-substrate α-ketoglutarate. Further optimization of the addition of α-ketoglutarate achieved the sole production of hydroxyectoine (i.e., no ectoine accumulation), indicating that the supply of α-ketoglutarate is critically important for sole hydroxyectoine production. Finally, quorum sensing-based auto-regulation of intracellular α-ketoglutarate pool was implemented as an alternative to α-ketoglutarate addition by coupling the expression of sucA with the esaI/esaR circuit, which led to 14.93 g/L hydroxyectoine with a unit cell yield of 1.678 g/g and no ectoine accumulation in the absence of osmotic stress. This is the highest reported titer of sole hydroxyectoine production under salinity-free fermentation to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Xia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Heyun Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingyang Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengya Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Miao Tan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Kexin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Quanwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xixian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
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