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Qiu M, Jiang J, Jiang W, Zhang W, Jiang Y, Xin F, Jiang M. The biosynthesis of L-phenylalanine-derived compounds by engineered microbes. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 77:108448. [PMID: 39260779 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
L-Phenylalanine (L-Phe) is an important aromatic amino acid, which has been widely used in food, health care products, medicine and other fields. Based on the relatively mature microbial biosynthesis process, a variety of L-phenylalanine-derived compounds have attracted more and more attentions owing to their extensively potential applications in the fields of food, medicine, spices, cosmetics, and pesticides. However, the challenge of biosynthesis of L-phenylalanine-derived compounds remains the issue of low production and productivity. With the development of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology, the biosynthesis of L-phenylalanine has reached a high level. Therefore, the synthesis of L-phenylalanine-derived compounds based on high production strains of L-phenylalanine has broad prospects. In addition, some L-phenylalanine-derived compounds are more suitable for efficient synthesis by exogenous addition of precursors due to their longer metabolic pathways and the inhibitory effects of many intermediate products. This review systematically summarized the research progress of L-phenylalanine-derived compounds, including phenylpyruvate derivatives, trans-cinnamic derivatives, p-coumaric acid derivatives and other L-phenylalanine-derived compounds (such as flavonoids). Finally, the main strategies to improve the production of L-phenylalanine-derived compounds were summarized, and the development trends of the synthesis of L-phenylalanine-derived compounds by microbial method were also prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Jie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Wankui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Yujia Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China.
| | - Fengxue Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China.
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
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Chen YY, Huang JC, Wu CY, Yu SQ, Wang YT, Ye C, Shi TQ, Huang H. A comprehensive review on the recent advances for 5-aminolevulinic acid production by the engineered bacteria. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38705840 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2336532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid essential for synthesizing tetrapyrrole compounds, including heme, chlorophyll, cytochrome, and vitamin B12. As a plant growth regulator, 5-ALA is extensively used in agriculture to enhance crop yield and quality. The complexity and low yield of chemical synthesis methods have led to significant interest in the microbial synthesis of 5-ALA. Advanced strategies, including the: enhancement of precursor and cofactor supply, compartmentalization of key enzymes, product transporters engineering, by-product formation reduction, and biosensor-based dynamic regulation, have been implemented in bacteria for 5-ALA production, significantly advancing its industrialization. This article offers a comprehensive review of recent developments in 5-ALA production using engineered bacteria and presents new insights to propel the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Chen
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Cong Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cai-Yun Wu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shi-Qin Yu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yue-Tong Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Ye
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian-Qiong Shi
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Zheng J, Sun R, Wu D, Chen P, Zheng P. Engineered Zea mays phenylalanine ammonia-lyase for improve the catalytic efficiency of biosynthesis trans-cinnamic acid and p-coumaric acid. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 176:110423. [PMID: 38442476 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2024.110423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) plays a pivotal role in the biosynthesis of phenylalanine. PAL from Zea mays (ZmPAL2) exhibits a bi-function of direct deamination of L-phenylalanine (L-Phe) or L-tyrosine(-L-Tyr) to form trans-cinnamic acid or p-coumaric acid. trans-Cinnamic acid and p-coumaric acid are mainly used in flavors and fragrances, food additives, pharmaceutical and other fields. Here, the Activity of ZmPAL2 toward L-Phe or L-Tyr was improved by using semi-rational and rational designs. The catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of mutant PT10 (V258I/I459V/Q484N) against L-Phe was 30.8 μM-1 s-1, a 4.5-fold increase compared to the parent, and the catalytic efficiency of mutant PA1 (F135H/I459L) to L-tyrosine exhibited 8.6 μM-1 s-1, which was 1.6-fold of the parent. The yield of trans-cinnamic acid in PT10 reached 30.75 g/L with a conversion rate of 98%. Meanwhile, PA1 converted L-Tyr to yield 3.12 g/L of p-coumaric acid with a conversion rate of 95%. Suggesting these two engineered ZmPAL2 to be valuable biocatalysts for the synthesis of trans-cinnamic acid and p-coumaric acid. In addition, MD simulations revealed that the underlying mechanisms of the increased catalytic efficiency of both mutant PT10 and PA1 are attributed to the substrate remaining stable within the pocket and closer to the catalytically active site. This also provides a new perspective on engineered PAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangmei Zheng
- Key laboratory of industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ruobin Sun
- Key laboratory of industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Key laboratory of industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Pengcheng Chen
- Key laboratory of industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Pu Zheng
- Key laboratory of industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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Zhou W, Cui Y, Chen M, Gao Q, Bao K, Wang Y, Zhang M. Production of bilirubin via whole-cell transformation utilizing recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum expressing a β-glucuronidase from Staphylococcus sp. RLH1. Biotechnol Lett 2024; 46:223-233. [PMID: 38310624 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-024-03468-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Bilirubin, a key active ingredient of bezoars with extensive clinical applications in China, is produced through a chemical process. However, this method suffers from inefficiency and adverse environmental impacts. To address this challenge, we present a novel and efficient approach for bilirubin production via whole-cell transformation. In this study, we employed Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC13032 to express a β-glucuronidase (StGUS), an enzyme from Staphylococcus sp. RLH1 that effectively hydrolyzes conjugated bilirubin to bilirubin. Following the optimization of the biotransformation conditions, a remarkable conversion rate of 79.7% in the generation of bilirubin was obtained at temperate 40 °C, pH 7.0, 1 mM Mg2+ and 6 mM antioxidant NaHSO3 after 12 h. These findings hold significant potential for establishing an industrially viable platform for large-scale bilirubin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
| | - Yanan Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Mengyun Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Qijun Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Kai Bao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Yongzhong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
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Li J, Lu X, Zou X, Ye BC. Recent Advances in Microbial Metabolic Engineering for Production of Natural Phenolic Acids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4538-4551. [PMID: 38377566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Phenolic acids are important natural bioactive compounds with varied physiological functions. They are extensively used in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and other chemical industries and have attractive market prospects. Compared to plant extraction and chemical synthesis, microbial fermentation for phenolic acid production from renewable carbon sources has significant advantages. This review focuses on the structural information, physiological functions, current applications, and biosynthesis pathways of phenolic acids, especially advances in the development of metabolically engineered microbes for the production of phenolic acids. This review provides useful insights concerning phenolic acid production through metabolic engineering of microbial cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Xiumin Lu
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Xiang Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Bang-Ce Ye
- Laboratory of Biosystems and Microanalysis, Institute of Engineering Biology and Health, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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Zhu Z, Chen R, Zhang L. Simple phenylpropanoids: recent advances in biological activities, biosynthetic pathways, and microbial production. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:6-24. [PMID: 37807808 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00012e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2000 to 2023Simple phenylpropanoids are a large group of natural products with primary C6-C3 skeletons. They are not only important biomolecules for plant growth but also crucial chemicals for high-value industries, including fragrances, nutraceuticals, biomaterials, and pharmaceuticals. However, with the growing global demand for simple phenylpropanoids, direct plant extraction or chemical synthesis often struggles to meet current needs in terms of yield, titre, cost, and environmental impact. Benefiting from the rapid development of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology, microbial production of natural products from inexpensive and renewable sources provides a feasible solution for sustainable supply. This review outlines the biological activities of simple phenylpropanoids, compares their biosynthetic pathways in different species (plants, bacteria, and fungi), and summarises key research on the microbial production of simple phenylpropanoids over the last decade, with a focus on engineering strategies that seem to hold most potential for further development. Moreover, constructive solutions to the current challenges and future perspectives for industrial production of phenylpropanoids are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanpin Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Ruibing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Innovative Drug R&D Centre, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
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Guajardo N, Schrebler RA. Upstream and Downstream Bioprocessing in Enzyme Technology. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:38. [PMID: 38258049 PMCID: PMC10818583 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of biotransformation must integrate upstream and downstream processes. Upstream bioprocessing will influence downstream bioprocessing. It is essential to consider this because downstream processes can constitute the highest cost in bioprocessing. This review comprehensively overviews the most critical aspects of upstream and downstream bioprocessing in enzymatic biocatalysis. The main upstream processes discussed are enzyme production, enzyme immobilization methodologies, solvent selection, and statistical optimization methodologies. The main downstream processes reviewed in this work are biocatalyst recovery and product separation and purification. The correct selection and combination of upstream and downstream methodologies will allow the development of a sustainable and highly productive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Guajardo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioprocesos, Escuela de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile
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Zhang Y, Meng W, He Y, Chen Y, Shao M, Yuan J. Multidimensional optimization for accelerating light-powered biocatalysis in Rhodopseudomonas palustris. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:160. [PMID: 37891652 PMCID: PMC10612212 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02410-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole-cell biocatalysis has been exploited to convert a variety of substrates into high-value bulk or chiral fine chemicals. However, the traditional whole-cell biocatalysis typically utilizes the heterotrophic microbes as the biocatalyst, which requires carbohydrates to power the cofactor (ATP, NAD (P)H) regeneration. RESULTS In this study, we sought to harness purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacterium (PNSB) as the biocatalyst to achieve light-driven cofactor regeneration for cascade biocatalysis. We substantially improved the performance of Rhodopseudomonas palustris-based biocatalysis using a highly active and conditional expression system, blocking the side-reactions, controlling the feeding strategy, and attenuating the light shading effect. Under light-anaerobic conditions, we found that 50 mM ferulic acid could be completely converted to vanillyl alcohol using the recombinant strain with 100% efficiency, and > 99.9% conversion of 50 mM p-coumaric acid to p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol was similarly achieved. Moreover, we examined the isoprenol utilization pathway for pinene synthesis and 92% conversion of 30 mM isoprenol to pinene was obtained. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggested that R. palustris could be a promising host for light-powered biotransformation, which offers an efficient approach for synthesizing value-added chemicals in a green and sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Wenchang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Yuting He
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Yuhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Mingyu Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Jifeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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Hsieh CY, Hong PY, Hsieh LS. Immobilization of BoPAL3 Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase on Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Nylon 6/Chitosan Crosslinked with Dextran Polyaldehyde. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3699. [PMID: 37765553 PMCID: PMC10535932 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.24) is common in plants and catalyzes the formation of trans-cinnamic acid and ammonia via phenylalanine deamination. Recombinant Bambusa oldhamii BoPAL3 protein expressed in Escherichia coli was immobilized on an electrospun nanofibrous membrane using dextran polyaldehyde as a crosslinker. The immobilized BoPAL3 protein exhibited comparable kinetic properties with the free BoPAL3 protein and could be recycled for six consecutive cycles compared with the free BoPAL3 protein. The residual activity of the immobilized BoPAL3 protein was 84% after 30 days of storage at 4 °C, whereas the free BoPAL3 protein retained 56% residual activity in the same storage conditions. Furthermore, the resistance of the immobilized BoPAL3 protein to chemical denaturants was greatly increased. Therefore, the BoPAL3 protein can be immobilized using the natural dextran polyaldehyde crosslinker in place of the conventional chemical crosslinker. Nanofibrous membranes made from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), nylon 6, and chitosan (CS) are incredibly stable and useful for future industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yen Hsieh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei City 111, Taiwan;
| | - Pei-Yu Hong
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Health, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan;
| | - Lu-Sheng Hsieh
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Health, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan;
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10
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Kumari S, Das S. Bacterial enzymatic degradation of recalcitrant organic pollutants: catabolic pathways and genetic regulations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:79676-79705. [PMID: 37330441 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of soil and natural water bodies driven by increased organic pollutants remains a universal concern. Naturally, organic pollutants contain carcinogenic and toxic properties threatening all known life forms. The conventional physical and chemical methods employed to remove these organic pollutants ironically produce toxic and non-ecofriendly end-products. Whereas microbial-based degradation of organic pollutants provides an edge, they are usually cost-effective and take an eco-friendly approach towards remediation. Bacterial species, including Pseudomonas, Comamonas, Burkholderia, and Xanthomonas, have the unique genetic makeup to metabolically degrade toxic pollutants, conferring their survival in toxic environments. Several catabolic genes, such as alkB, xylE, catA, and nahAc, that encode enzymes and allow bacteria to degrade organic pollutants have been identified, characterized, and even engineered for better efficacy. Aerobic and anaerobic processes are followed by bacteria to metabolize aliphatic saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons such as alkanes, cycloalkanes, aldehydes, and ethers. Bacteria use a variety of degrading pathways, including catechol, protocatechuate, gentisate, benzoate, and biphenyl, to remove aromatic organic contaminants such as polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and pesticides from the environment. A better understanding of the principle, mechanisms, and genetics would be beneficial for improving the metabolic efficacy of bacteria to such ends. With a focus on comprehending the mechanisms involved in various catabolic pathways and the genetics of the biotransformation of these xenobiotic compounds, the present review offers insight into the various sources and types of known organic pollutants and their toxic effects on health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetambari Kumari
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Surajit Das
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India.
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11
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Virklund A, Jensen SI, Nielsen AT, Woodley JM. Combining genetic engineering and bioprocess concepts for improved phenylpropanoid production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:613-628. [PMID: 36418654 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The group of natural aromatic compounds known as phenylpropanoids has diverse applications, but current methods of production which are largely based on synthesis from petrochemicals or extraction from agricultural biomass are unsustainable. Bioprocessing is a promising alternative, but improvements in production titers and rates are required to make this method profitable. Here the recent advances in genetic engineering and bioprocess concepts for the production of phenylpropanoids are presented for the purpose of identifying successful strategies, including adaptive laboratory evolution, enzyme engineering, in-situ product removal, and biocatalysis. The pros and cons of bacterial and yeast hosts for phenylpropanoid production are discussed, also in the context of different phenylpropanoid targets and bioprocess concepts. Finally, some broad recommendations are made regarding targets for continued improvement and areas requiring specific attention from researchers to further improve production titers and rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Virklund
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sheila I Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alex T Nielsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - John M Woodley
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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12
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Genetic design of co-expressing a novel aconitase with cis-aconitate decarboxylase and chaperone GroELS for high-level itaconic acid production. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
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13
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Jeon EJ, Lee YM, Choi EJ, Kim SB, Jeong KJ. Production of Tagatose by Whole-cell Bioconversion from Fructose Using Corynebacterium glutamicum. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-022-0304-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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14
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Lee ME, Ko YJ, Hwang DH, Cho BH, Jeong WY, Bhardwaj N, Han SO. Surface display of enzyme complex on Corynebacterium glutamicum as a whole cell biocatalyst and its consolidated bioprocessing using fungal-pretreated lignocellulosic biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 362:127758. [PMID: 35963485 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel whole cell biocatalyst using fungal-pretreated lignocellulosic biomass was developed by displaying the enzyme complex consisting of N-acetylglucosaminidase (cNAG) and endoglucanse E (cCelE) on Corynebacterium glutamicum, hereafter called mNC. mNC showed a maximum 4.43-fold cNAG and 2.40-fold cCelE activity compared to single enzyme-secreting C. glutamicum. mNC also showed the highest efficiency of sugar production in various types of cellulose and fungal-pretreated biomass. The growth of mNC was 5.06-fold higher than that of the control. Then, the ability of mNC to produce a valuable chemical was confirmed. mNC overexpressing isopropanol biosynthesis genes showed a maximum titer of 218.9 ± 11.73 mg/L isopropanol and maintained high efficiency for isopropanol production in the recycling test, which was 90.07 ± 4.12 % during 4 cycles. This strategy can be applied to the direct saccharification of fungal-pretreated lignocellulosic biomass efficiently leading to the production of valuable products in various industrial fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong-Eun Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Ko
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeok Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Hyeon Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Wu-Young Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Nisha Bhardwaj
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ok Han
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Son J, Choi IH, Lim CG, Jang JH, Bang HB, Cha JW, Jeon EJ, Sohn MG, Yun HJ, Kim SC, Jeong KJ. Production of Cinnamaldehyde through Whole-Cell Bioconversion from trans-Cinnamic Acid Using Engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2656-2663. [PMID: 35102737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde (CAD) has various applications in foods and pharmaceuticals and has gained prominence as a potent nematicide in agricultural research owing to its nematicidal activity. However, conventional methods of CAD production, including extraction from plants or organic chemical synthesis, are environmentally hazardous and limit its utilization for downstream applications. Here, we engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum as a whole-cell biocatalyst for the efficient bioconversion of trans-cinnamic acid (t-CA) into CAD. An expression module of Mycobacterium phlei carboxylic acid reductase was constructed for the conversion of t-CA to CAD. Additionally, the putative dehydrogenase-related genes (dkgA, adhC, and cg1176) responsible for the conversion of CAD to cinnamyl alcohol were deleted from the engineered C. glutamicum strain to prevent the loss of CAD. Furthermore, as the conversion is NADPH-dependent, we investigated the conversion efficiency by exchanging the putative promoter region for the zwf gene, which encodes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, with a strong promoter to increase the NADPH pool. Finally, a bioconversion platform using C. glutamicum as a whole-cell biocatalyst was developed by deleting the vdh gene, which is involved in the reverse conversion of CAD to t-CA. Taken together, a 100% conversion yield of 1.1 g/L CAD from 1.2 g/L t-CA was obtained within 30 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoo Son
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hyeok Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Gyu Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hong Jang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Bae Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Cha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Jeon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gi Sohn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Yun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Chang Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Jun Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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