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Son J, Choi IH, Lim CG, Jang JH, Bang HB, Cha JW, Jeon EJ, Sohn MG, Yun HJ, Kim SC, Jeong KJ. Production of Cinnamaldehyde through Whole-Cell Bioconversion from trans-Cinnamic Acid Using Engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:2656-2663. [PMID: 35102737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde (CAD) has various applications in foods and pharmaceuticals and has gained prominence as a potent nematicide in agricultural research owing to its nematicidal activity. However, conventional methods of CAD production, including extraction from plants or organic chemical synthesis, are environmentally hazardous and limit its utilization for downstream applications. Here, we engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum as a whole-cell biocatalyst for the efficient bioconversion of trans-cinnamic acid (t-CA) into CAD. An expression module of Mycobacterium phlei carboxylic acid reductase was constructed for the conversion of t-CA to CAD. Additionally, the putative dehydrogenase-related genes (dkgA, adhC, and cg1176) responsible for the conversion of CAD to cinnamyl alcohol were deleted from the engineered C. glutamicum strain to prevent the loss of CAD. Furthermore, as the conversion is NADPH-dependent, we investigated the conversion efficiency by exchanging the putative promoter region for the zwf gene, which encodes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, with a strong promoter to increase the NADPH pool. Finally, a bioconversion platform using C. glutamicum as a whole-cell biocatalyst was developed by deleting the vdh gene, which is involved in the reverse conversion of CAD to t-CA. Taken together, a 100% conversion yield of 1.1 g/L CAD from 1.2 g/L t-CA was obtained within 30 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoo Son
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hyeok Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Gyu Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hong Jang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Bae Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Cha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Jeon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gi Sohn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Yun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Chang Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Jun Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Son J, Jang SH, Cha JW, Jeong KJ. Development of CRISPR Interference (CRISPRi) Platform for Metabolic Engineering of Leuconostoc citreum and Its Application for Engineering Riboflavin Biosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5614. [PMID: 32764465 PMCID: PMC7460652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leuconostoc citreum, a hetero-fermentative type of lactic acid bacteria, is a crucial probiotic candidate because of its ability to promote human health. However, inefficient gene manipulation tools limit its utilization in bioindustries. We report, for the first time, the development of a CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) interference (CRISPRi) system for engineering L. citreum. For reliable expression, the expression system of synthetic single guide RNA (sgRNA) and the deactivated Cas9 of Streptococcus pyogenes (SpdCas9) were constructed in a bicistronic design (BCD) platform using a high-copy-number plasmid. The expression of SpdCas9 and sgRNA was optimized by examining the combination of two synthetic promoters and Shine-Dalgarno sequences; the strong expression of sgRNA and the weak expression of SpdCas9 exhibited the most significant downregulation (20-fold decrease) of the target gene (sfGFP), without cell growth retardation caused by SpdCas9 overexpression. The feasibility of the optimized CRISPRi system was demonstrated by modulating the biosynthesis of riboflavin. Using the CRISPRi system, the expression of ribF and folE genes was downregulated (3.3-fold and 5.6-fold decreases, respectively), thereby improving riboflavin production. In addition, the co-expression of the rib operon was introduced and the production of riboflavin was further increased up to 1.7 mg/L, which was 1.53 times higher than that of the wild-type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoo Son
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, BK21 Plus program, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.S.); (S.H.J.); (J.W.C.)
| | - Seung Hoon Jang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, BK21 Plus program, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.S.); (S.H.J.); (J.W.C.)
| | - Ji Won Cha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, BK21 Plus program, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.S.); (S.H.J.); (J.W.C.)
| | - Ki Jun Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, BK21 Plus program, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.S.); (S.H.J.); (J.W.C.)
- Institute for The BioCentury, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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Jang SH, Cha JW, Han NS, Jeong KJ. Development of bicistronic expression system for the enhanced and reliable production of recombinant proteins in Leuconostoc citreum. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8852. [PMID: 29891982 PMCID: PMC5995908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27091-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) Leuconostoc citreum are non-sporulating hetero-fermentative bacteria that play an important role in the fermented food industry. In this study, for the enhanced and reliable production of recombinant proteins in L. citreum, we developed a bicistronic design (BCD) expression system which includes a short leader peptide (1st cistron) followed by target genes (2nd cistron) under the control of a single promoter. Using superfolder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP) as a reporter, the functionality of BCD in L. citreum was verified. Further, to improve the expression in BCD, we tried to engineer a Shine-Dalgarno sequence (SD2) for the 2nd cistron and a promoter by FACS screening of random libraries, and both strong SD2 (eSD2) and promoter (P710V4) were successfully isolated. The usefulness of the engineered BCD with P710V4 and eSD2 was further validated using three model proteins—glutathione-s-transferase, human growth hormone, and α-amylase. All examined proteins were successfully produced with levels highly increased compared with those in the original BCD as well as the monocistronic design (MCD) expression system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hoon Jang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Program), KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Cha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Program), KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Soo Han
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Resource Development, Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Jun Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Program), KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Madduma Hewage SRK, Piao MJ, Kim KC, Cha JW, Han X, Choi YH, Chae S, Hyun JW. Galangin (3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone) shields human keratinocytes from ultraviolet B-induced oxidative stress. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2015; 23:165-73. [PMID: 25767685 PMCID: PMC4354318 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2014.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Most skin damage caused by ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is owing to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Phytochemicals can act as antioxidants against UVB-induced oxidative stress. This study investigated the protective effects of the flavone galangin against UVB-induced oxidative damage in human keratinocytes. Galangin efficiently scavenged free radicals and reduced UVB-induced damage to cellular macromolecules, such as DNA, lipids, and proteins. Furthermore, galangin rescued cells undergoing apoptosis induced by UVB radiation via recovering mitochondrial polarization and down-regulating apoptotic proteins. These results showed that galangin protects human keratinocytes against UVB radiation-induced cellular damage and apoptosis via its antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mei Jing Piao
- Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Cheon Kim
- Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Cha
- Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Xia Han
- Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwook Chae
- Aging Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
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Kim AD, Kang KA, Piao MJ, Kim KC, Zheng J, Yao CW, Cha JW, Hyun CL, Kang HK, Lee NH, Hyun JW. Cytoprotective effect of eckol against oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction: involvement of the FoxO3a/AMPK pathway. J Cell Biochem 2015; 115:1403-11. [PMID: 24700636 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the cytoprotective effect of Ecklonia cava-derived eckol against H2O2-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in Chang liver cells. While H2O2 augmented levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), eckol decreased it. Eckol also attenuated high intracellular Ca(2+) levels stimulated by H2O2 and recovered H2O2-diminished ATP levels and succinate dehydrogenase activity. Eckol time-dependently increased the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD), a mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme with cytoprotective effect against oxidative stress. Eckol recovered Mn SOD expression and activity that were decreased by H2O2. Finally, eckol induced Mn SOD through phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a). Specific silencing RNAs (siRNAs) against FoxO3a and AMPK reduced eckol-stimulated Mn SOD expression, and diethyldithiocarbamate (Mn SOD inhibitor) and siRNA against Mn SOD reduced the cytoprotective effect of eckol against H2O2-provoked cell death. These results demonstrate that eckol protects cells from mitochondrial oxidative stress by activating AMPK/FoxO3a-mediated induction of Mn SOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areum Daseul Kim
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 690-756, Korea
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Zheng J, Piao MJ, Kim KC, Yao CW, Cha JW, Shin JH, Yoo SJ, Hyun JW. Photo-protective effect of americanin B against ultraviolet B-induced damage in cultured human keratinocytes. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 38:891-900. [PMID: 25461549 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Excessive ultraviolet (UV) radiation, a constituent of sunlight, can induce multiple types of skin damage. We recently demonstrated that americanin B, a lignin compound, protected cells against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced damage by exerting antioxidant effects and inhibiting apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the ability of americanin B to protect against cell injury induced by UVB (280-320nm), the most harmful UV wavelengths, in human HaCaT keratinocytes. Americanin B absorbed UVB, eliminated UVB-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decreased the extent of UVB-induced oxidative modification of lipids, proteins, and DNA. In addition, americanin B inhibited UVB-induced apoptosis, as indicated by reductions in apoptotic body formation and DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, americanin B reversed the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane induced by UVB exposure. These protective activities were associated with down-regulation of apoptosis-promoting proteins, Bax, caspase-9, and caspase-3 and up-regulation of an apoptosis inhibitor, Bcl-2. These results suggest that americanin B can protect human keratinocytes against UVB-induced cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zheng
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Mei Jing Piao
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Cheon Kim
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheng Wen Yao
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Cha
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jennifer H Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Jae Yoo
- National Fusion Research Institute, Plasma Technology Research Center, Gunsan 573-540, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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Park JY, Kang KA, Kim KC, Cha JW, Kim EH, Hyun JW. Morin Induces Heme Oxygenase-1 via ERK-Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. J Cancer Prev 2014; 18:249-56. [PMID: 25337552 PMCID: PMC4189466 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2013.18.3.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress damages to cells or tissues, however, cellular defense systems including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protects them against oxidative stress. Flavonoid compounds can activate cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative stress and it can reduce cell damages. In the present study, the cytoprotective effects of morin (3,5,7,2’,4’-pentahydroxyflavone), in terms of HO-1 enzyme, against the oxidative stress and its involved mechanisms was elucidated. Methods: RT-PCR and western blot analysis were assessed to detect the mRNA and protein expression, respectively. Cell viability was measured by using MTT test. The immunocytochemistry was performed to define location of target protein. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay performed to measure transcription factor-promoter site binding activity. Results: Morin elevated mRNA and protein levels of HO-1 in human lens epithelial cells (HLE-B3). HO-1 inhibitor ZnPP attenuated the protective effect of morin against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity. Morin increased the protein level of transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which up-regulates HO-1 expression by binding to the antioxidant response element (ARE) within the HO-1 gene promoter. Moreover, morin induced the translocation of Nrf2 from the cytosol into the nucleus. Morin activated extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK), while ERK inhibitor attenuated morin-enhanced Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. Conclusions: Morin activates ERK-Nrf2 signaling cascades in HLE-B3 cells, leading to the up-regulation of HO-1 and cytoprotection against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Park
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju
| | - Kyoung Ah Kang
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju
| | - Ki Cheon Kim
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju
| | - Ji Won Cha
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju
| | - Eun Hee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Pocheon, Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju
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Hyun YJ, Piao MJ, Kim KC, Zheng J, Yao CW, Cha JW, Kang HK, Yoo ES, Koh YS, Lee NH, Ko MH, Hyun JW. Photoprotective Effect of a <i>Polyopes affinis</i> (Harvey) Kawaguchi and Wang (<i>Halymeniaceae</i>)-Derived Ethanol Extract on Human Keratinocytes. TROP J PHARM RES 2014. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v13i6.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Piao MJ, Kim KC, Zheng J, Yao CW, Cha JW, Boo SJ, Yoon WJ, Kang HK, Yoo ES, Koh YS, Ko MH, Lee NH, Hyun JW. The ethyl acetate fraction of Sargassum muticum attenuates ultraviolet B radiation-induced apoptotic cell death via regulation of MAPK- and caspase-dependent signaling pathways in human HaCaT keratinocytes. Pharm Biol 2014; 52:1110-8. [PMID: 24617288 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.879186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Our previous work demonstrated that an ethyl acetate extract derived from Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fenshol (SME) protected human HaCaT keratinocytes against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant activity in the cells, thereby inhibiting apoptosis. OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study was to further elucidate the anti-apoptotic mechanism of SME against UVB-induced cell damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression levels of several apoptotic-associated and mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) signaling proteins were determined by western blot analysis of UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells with or without prior SME treatment. In addition, the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) was detected using flow cytometry or confocal microscopy and the mitochondria membrane-permeate dye, JC-1. Apoptosis was assessed by quantifying DNA fragmentation and apoptotic body formation. Furthermore, cell viability was evaluated using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. RESULTS SME absorbed electromagnetic radiation in the UVB range (280-320 nm) of the UV/visible light spectrum. SME also increased Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 expression in UVB-irradiated cells and decreased the Bax expression. Moreover, SME inhibited the UVB-induced disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and prevented UVB-mediated increases in activated caspase-9 and caspase-3 (an apoptotic initiator and executor, respectively) levels. Notably, treatment with a pan-caspase inhibitor enhanced the anti-apoptotic effects of SME in UVB-irradiated cells. Finally, SME reduced the UVB-mediated phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK, and prevented the UVB-mediated dephosphorylation of Erk1/2 and Akt. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The present results indicate that SME safeguards HaCaT keratinocytes from UVB-mediated apoptosis by inhibiting a caspase-dependent signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Jing Piao
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University , Jeju , Republic of Korea
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Kim KC, Piao MJ, Zheng J, Yao CW, Cha JW, Kumara MHSR, Han X, Kang HK, Lee NH, Hyun JW. Fucodiphlorethol G Purified from Ecklonia cava Suppresses Ultraviolet B Radiation-Induced Oxidative Stress and Cellular Damage. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2014; 22:301-7. [PMID: 25143808 PMCID: PMC4131532 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2014.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucodiphlorethol G (6’-[2,4-dihydroxy-6-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenoxy)phenoxy]biphenyl-2,2’,4,4’,6-pentol) is a compound purified from Ecklonia cava, a brown alga that is widely distributed offshore of Jeju Island. This study investigated the protective effects of fucodiphlorethol G against oxidative damage-mediated apoptosis induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation. Fucodiphlorethol G attenuated the generation of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals and intracellular reactive oxygen species in response to UVB irradiation. Fucodiphlorethol G suppressed the inhibition of human keratinocyte growth by UVB irradiation. Additionally, the wavelength of light absorbed by fucodiphlorethol G was close to the UVB spectrum. Fucodiphlorethol G reduced UVB radiation-induced 8-isoprostane generation and DNA fragmentation in human keratinocytes. Moreover, fucodiphlorethol G reduced UVB radiation-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, generation of apoptotic cells, and active caspase-9 expression. Taken together, fucodiphlorethol G protected human keratinocytes against UVB radiation-induced cell damage and apoptosis by absorbing UVB radiation and scavenging reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Cheon Kim
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology
| | - Mei Jing Piao
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology
| | - Jian Zheng
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology
| | - Cheng Wen Yao
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology
| | - Ji Won Cha
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology
| | | | - Xia Han
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology
| | - Hee Kyoung Kang
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology
| | - Nam Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology
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Kim AD, Kang KA, Piao MJ, Kim KC, Zheng J, Yao CW, Cha JW, Hyun CL, Boo SJ, Lee NH, Na SY, Hyun JW. Dictyopteris undulata extract induces apoptosis in human colon cancer cells. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-014-0200-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Zheng J, Piao MJ, Kim KC, Yao CW, Cha JW, Hyun JW. Fucoxanthin enhances the level of reduced glutathione via the Nrf2-mediated pathway in human keratinocytes. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:4214-30. [PMID: 25028796 PMCID: PMC4113824 DOI: 10.3390/md12074214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin, a natural carotenoid, is abundant in seaweed with antioxidant properties. This study investigated the role of fucoxanthin in the induction of antioxidant enzymes involved in the synthesis of reduced glutathione (GSH), synthesized by glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and glutathione synthetase (GSS), via Akt/nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related (Nrf2) pathway in human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and elucidated the underlying mechanism. Fucoxanthin treatment increased the mRNA and protein levels of GCLC and GSS in HaCaT cells. In addition, fucoxanthin treatment promoted the nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of Nrf2, a transcription factor for the genes encoding GCLC and GSS. Chromatin immune-precipitation and luciferase reporter gene assays revealed that fucoxanthin treatment increased the binding of Nrf2 to the antioxidant response element (ARE) sequence and transcriptional activity of Nrf2. Fucoxanthin treatment increased phosphorylation of Akt (active form), an up-regulator of Nrf2 and exposure to LY294002, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt inhibitor, suppressed the fucoxanthin-induced activation of Akt, Nrf2, resulting in decreased GCLC and GSS expression. In accordance with the effects on GCLC and GSS expression, fucoxanthin induced the level of GSH. In addition, fucoxanthin treatment recovered the level of GSH reduced by ultraviolet B irradiation. Taken together, these findings suggest that fucoxanthin treatment augments cellular antioxidant defense by inducing Nrf2-driven expression of enzymes involved in GSH synthesis via PI3K/Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zheng
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea.
| | - Mei Jing Piao
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea.
| | - Ki Cheon Kim
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea.
| | - Cheng Wen Yao
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea.
| | - Ji Won Cha
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea.
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea.
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Piao MJ, Ahn MJ, Kang KA, Kim KC, Zheng J, Yao CW, Cha JW, Hyun CL, Kang HK, Lee NH, Hyun JW. Phloroglucinol inhibits ultraviolet B radiation-induced oxidative stress in the mouse skin. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 90:928-35. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.911990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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14
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Cha JW, Piao MJ, Kim KC, Yao CW, Zheng J, Kim SM, Hyun CL, Ahn YS, Hyun JW. The Polyphenol Chlorogenic Acid Attenuates UVB-mediated Oxidative Stress in Human HaCaT Keratinocytes. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2014; 22:136-42. [PMID: 24753819 PMCID: PMC3975475 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2014.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the protective effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA), a polyphenol compound, on oxidative damage induced by UVB exposure on human HaCaT cells. In a cell-free system, CGA scavenged 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals, superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet B (UVB). Furthermore, CGA absorbed electromagnetic radiation in the UVB range (280–320 nm). UVB exposure resulted in damage to cellular DNA, as demonstrated in a comet assay; pre-treatment of cells with CGA prior to UVB irradiation prevented DNA damage and increased cell viability. Furthermore, CGA pre-treatment prevented or ameliorated apoptosis-related changes in UVB-exposed cells, including the formation of apoptotic bodies, disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, and alterations in the levels of the apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3. Our findings suggest that CGA protects cells from oxidative stress induced by UVB radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Cha
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Mei Jing Piao
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Cheon Kim
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheng Wen Yao
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jian Zheng
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Min Kim
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Lim Hyun
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seok Ahn
- Research Institute of Processing from Jeju Fisher Food, Choung Ryong Fisheries Co., LTD, Jeju 697-943, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
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15
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Yao CW, Piao MJ, Kim KC, Zheng J, Cha JW, Hyun CL, Boo SJ, Na SY, Cho SJ, Hyun JW. Cytoprotective effects of 6′-O-galloylpaeoniflorin against ultraviolet B radiation-induced cell damage in human keratinocytes. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2014; 50:664-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-014-9747-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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16
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Ryu MJ, Kang KA, Piao MJ, Kim KC, Zheng J, Yao CW, Cha JW, Hyun CL, Chung HS, Park JC, Cho SJ, Hyun JW. Effect of 7, 8-dihydroxyflavone on the up-regulation of Nrf2-mediated heme oxygenase-1 expression in hamster lung fibroblasts. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2014; 50:549-54. [PMID: 24610348 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-014-9735-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The cytoprotective mechanism of 7, 8-dihydroxyflavone (DHF) against oxidative stress-induced cell damage with respect to its stimulatory effect on the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a potent antioxidant enzyme, was investigated in the present study. Up-regulation of HO-1 expression by DHF was both dose and time dependent in lung fibroblast V79-4 cells. DHF also increased the protein expression level of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and induced the translocation of Nrf2 from the cytosol into the nucleus, leading to elevated HO-1 expression. The siNrf2 RNA-transfection attenuated HO-1 expression induced by DHF treatment. In addition, DHF induced the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), while U0126 (a specific pharmacological inhibitor of ERK kinase) abrogated DHF-activated Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. This suggests that DHF increased the levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 via ERK-dependent pathways. Furthermore, DHF significantly prevented the reduction of cell viability in response to oxidative stress; however, U0126 attenuated the protective effect of DHF. Taken together, these results demonstrate that DHF protected cells from oxidative stress via the activation of an ERK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ju Ryu
- Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, 132-714, Republic of Korea
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Ryu MJ, Kang KA, Piao MJ, Kim KC, Zheng J, Yao CW, Cha JW, Chung HS, Kim SC, Jung E, Park D, Chae S, Hyun JW. 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone protects human keratinocytes against oxidative stress-induced cell damage via the ERK and PI3K/Akt-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways. Int J Mol Med 2014; 33:964-70. [PMID: 24503931 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (DHF) on the expression and activity of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an enzyme with potent antioxidant properties, as well as the molecular mechanisms involved. DHF markedly upregulated HO-1 mRNA and protein expression in human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells), resulting in increased HO-1 activity. DHF also increased the protein level of transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which regulates HO-1 expression by binding to the antioxidant response element (ARE) within the HO-1 gene promoter, in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, DHF decreased the expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, a repressor of Nrf2 activity, and induced the translocation of Nrf2 from the cytosol into the nucleus, thereby allowing its association with the ARE site. DHF activated extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B (PKB, Akt) in keratinocytes, while the ERK and Akt inhibitors attenuated DHF-enhanced Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. DHF also protected the keratinocytes against hydrogen peroxide- and ultraviolet B-induced oxidative damage, while HO-1, ERK and Akt inhibitors markedly suppressed DHF-mediated cytoprotection. Taken together, the results suggested that DHF activates ERK- and Akt-Nrf2 signaling cascades in HaCaT cells, leading to the upregulation of HO-1 and cytoprotection against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ju Ryu
- Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 132-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Ah Kang
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Mei Jing Piao
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Cheon Kim
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jian Zheng
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheng Wen Yao
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Cha
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Sook Chung
- Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 132-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Cheol Kim
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Seongnam, Gyunggi Do 442‑13, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsun Jung
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Seongnam, Gyunggi Do 442‑13, Republic of Korea
| | - Deokhoon Park
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Seongnam, Gyunggi Do 442‑13, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwook Chae
- Aging Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
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Cha JW, Piao MJ, Kim KC, Zheng J, Yao CW, Hyun CL, Kang HK, Yoo ES, Koh YS, Lee NH, Ko MH, Hyun JW. Protective Effect of 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid Isolated from Cladophora wrightiana Harvey Against Ultraviolet B Radiation-Induced Cell Damage in Human HaCaT Keratinocytes. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 172:2582-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0711-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Yao CW, Piao MJ, Kim KC, Zheng J, Cha JW, Hyun JW. 6'-o-galloylpaeoniflorin protects human keratinocytes against oxidative stress-induced cell damage. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2013; 21:349-57. [PMID: 24244822 PMCID: PMC3825198 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2013.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
6'-O-galloylpaeoniflorin (GPF) is a galloylated derivate of paeoniflorin and a key chemical constituent of the peony root, a perennial flowering plant that is widely used as an herbal medicine in East Asia. This study is the first investigation of the cytoprotective effects of GPF against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cell injury and death in human HaCaT keratinocytes. GPF demonstrated a significant scavenging capacity against the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, H2O2-generated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), the superoxide anion radical (O2-), and the hydroxyl radical (•OH). GPF also safeguarded HaCaT keratinocytes against H2O2-provoked apoptotic cell death and attenuated oxidative macromolecular damage to DNA, lipids, and proteins. The compound exerted its cytoprotective actions in keratinocytes at least in part by decreasing the number of DNA strand breaks, the levels of 8-isoprostane (a stable end-product of lipid peroxidation), and the formation of carbonylated protein species. Taken together, these results indicate that GPF may be developed as a cytoprotector against ROS-mediated oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wen Yao
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
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Kang KA, Piao MJ, Kim KC, Zheng J, Yao CW, Cha JW, Kim HS, Kim DH, Bae SC, Hyun JW. Compound K, a metabolite of ginseng saponin, inhibits colorectal cancer cell growth and induces apoptosis through inhibition of histone deacetylase activity. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:1907-14. [PMID: 24100442 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-proliferative effects of Compound K, with specific reference to histone modification. Exposure of HT-29 human colon cancer cells to Compound K resulted in time-dependent inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, mRNA and protein expression. Compound K treatment induced unmethylation of the RUNX3 promoter region such as TSA treatment and an accumulation of acetylated histones H3 and H4 within the total cellular chromatin, resulting in an enhanced ability of these histones to bind to the promoter sequences of the tumor suppressor gene Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3). Treatment of cells with Compound K increased the mRNA and protein expression of RUNX3, as well as p21, a downstream target of RUNX3. These alterations were consistent with cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phases and induction of apoptosis. Our results provide new insights into the mechanisms of Compound K action in human colorectal cancer cells and suggest that HDAC inhibition presents a novel approach to prevent or treat colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Ah Kang
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
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Jasmin G, Cha JW. Renal adenomas induced in rats by dimethylnitrosamine. An electron microscopic study. Arch Pathol 1969; 87:267-78. [PMID: 4179701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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