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Ahmed A, Fujimura NA, Tahir S, Akram M, Abbas Z, Riaz M, Raza A, Abbas R, Ahmed N. Soluble and insoluble expression of recombinant human interleukin-2 protein using pET expression vector in Escherichia coli. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38824503 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2024.2361146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Interleukin-2 has emerged as a potent protein-based drug to treat various cancers, AIDS, and autoimmune diseases. Despite its immense requirement, the production procedures are inefficient to meet the demand. Therefore, efficient production procedures must be adopted to improve protein yield and decrease procedural loss. This study analyzed cytoplasmic and periplasmic IL-2 expression for increased protein yield and significant biological activity. The study is focused on cloning IL-2 into a pET-SUMO and pET-28a vector that expresses IL-2 in soluble form and inclusion bodies, respectively. Both constructs were expressed into different E. coli expression strains, but the periplasmic and cytoplasmic expression of IL-2 was highest in overnight culture in Rosetta 2 (DE3). Therefore, E. coli Rosetta 2 (DE3) was selected for large-scale production and purification. Purified IL-2 was characterized by SDS-PAGE and western blotting, while its biological activity was determined using MTT bioassay. The results depict that the periplasmic and cytoplasmic IL-2 achieved adequate purification, yielding 0.86 and 0.51 mg/mL, respectively, with significant cytotoxic activity of periplasmic and cytoplasmic IL-2. Periplasmic IL-2 has shown better yield and significant biological activity in vitro which describes its attainment of native protein structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Ahmed
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nao Akusa Fujimura
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saad Tahir
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Abbas
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maira Riaz
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Abbas
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Ahmed
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Gwon Y, So KK, Chun J, Kim DH. Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the biosynthesis of a fungal pigment from the phytopathogenic fungus Cladosporium phlei. J Biol Eng 2024; 18:33. [PMID: 38741106 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-024-00429-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cladosporium phlei is a phytopathogenic fungus that produces a pigment called phleichrome. This fungal perylenequinone plays an important role in the production of a photosensitizer that is a necessary component of photodynamic therapy. We applied synthetic biology to produce phleichrome using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. RESULTS The gene Cppks1, which encodes a non-reducing polyketide synthase (NR-PKS) responsible for the biosynthesis of phleichrome in C. phlei, was cloned into a yeast episomal vector and used to transform S. cerevisiae. In addition, a gene encoding a phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase) of Aspergillus nidulans was cloned into a yeast integrative vector and also introduced into S. cerevisiae for the enzymatic activation of the protein product of Cppks1. Co-transformed yeasts were screened on a leucine/uracil-deficient selective medium and the presence of both integrative as well as episomal recombinant plasmids in the yeast were confirmed by colony PCR. The episomal vector for Cppks1 expression was so dramatically unstable during cultivation that most cells lost their episomal vector rapidly in nonselective media. This loss was also observed to a less degree in selective media. This data strongly suggests that the presence of the Cppks1 gene exerts a significant detrimental effect on the growth of transformed yeast cells and that selection pressure is required to maintain the Cppks1-expressing vector. The co-transformants on the selective medium showed the distinctive changes in pigmentation after a period of prolonged cultivation at 20 °C and 25 °C, but not at 30 °C. Furthermore, thin layer chromatography (TLC) revealed the presence of a spot corresponding with the purified phleichrome in the extract from the cells of the co-transformants. Liquid chromatography (LC/MS/MS) verified that the newly expressed pigment was indeed phleichrome. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that metabolic engineering by multiple gene expression is possible and capable of producing fungal pigment phleichrome in S. cerevisiae. This result adds to our understanding of the characteristics of fungal PKS genes, which exhibit complex structures and diverse biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeji Gwon
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Kum-Kang So
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeesun Chun
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyuk Kim
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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Qin L, Ma D, Lin G, Sun W, Li C. Low temperature promotes the production and efflux of terpenoids in yeast. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 395:130376. [PMID: 38278452 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Altering the fermentation environment provides an effective approach to optimizing the production efficiency of microbial cell factories globally. Here, lower fermentation temperatures of yeast were found to significantly improve the synthesis and efflux of terpenoids, including glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), β-caryophyllene, and α-amyrin. The production of GA at 22°C increased by 5.5 times compared to 30°C. Yeast subjected to lower temperature showed substantial changes at various omics levels. Certain genes involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis that were upregulated under the low temperature conditions, leading to enhanced GA production. Substituting Mvd1, a thermo-unstable enzyme in mevalonate pathway identified by transcriptome and proteome, with a thermo-tolerant isoenzyme effectively increased GA production. The lower temperature altered the composition of phospholipids and increased the unsaturation of fatty acid chains, which may influence GA efflux. This study presents a strategy for optimizing the fermentation process and identifying key targets of cell factories for terpenoid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qin
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongshi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyuan Lin
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wentao Sun
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Li
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
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