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Zhang X, Niu P, Liu H, Fang H. Production of pyrimidine nucleosides in microbial systems via metabolic engineering: Theoretical analysis research and prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 75:108419. [PMID: 39053562 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Pyrimidine nucleosides, as intermediate materials of significant commercial value, find extensive applications in the pharmaceutical industry. However, the current production of pyrimidine nucleosides largely relies on chemical synthesis, creating environmental problems that do not align with sustainable development goals. Recent progress in systemic metabolic engineering and synthetic biology has enabled the synthesis of natural products like pyrimidine nucleosides through microbial fermentation, offering a more sustainable alternative. Nevertheless, the intricate and tightly regulated biosynthetic pathways involved in the microbial production of pyrimidine nucleosides pose a formidable challenge. This study focuses on metabolic engineering and synthetic biology strategies aimed at enhancing pyrimidine nucleoside production. These strategies include gene modification, transcriptional regulation, metabolic flux analysis, cofactor balance optimization, and transporter engineering. Finally, this research highlights the challenges involved in the further development of pyrimidine nucleoside-producing strains and offers potential solutions in order to provide theoretical guidance for future research endeavors in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Zhang
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Pilian Niu
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Huiyan Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia Key Laboratory for Food Microbial-Applications Technology and Safety Control, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
| | - Haitian Fang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia Key Laboratory for Food Microbial-Applications Technology and Safety Control, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
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Xie WL, Zhang MF, Huang ZY, Xu M, Li CX, Xu JH. Enhancing the biosynthesis of taxadien-5α-yl-acetate in Escherichia coli by combinatorial metabolic engineering approaches. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2024; 11:50. [PMID: 38753083 PMCID: PMC11098985 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-024-00762-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Biosynthesis of paclitaxel (Taxol™) is a hot topic with extensive and durable interests for decades. However, it is severely hindered due to the very low titers of intermediates. In this study, Escherichia coli was employed to de novo synthesize a key intermediate of paclitaxel, taxadien-5α-yl-acetate (T5OAc). Plasmid-based pathway reconstruction and optimization were conducted for T5OAc production. The endogenous methylerythritol phosphate pathway was enhanced to increase the precursor supply. Three taxadien-5α-ol O-acetyltransferases were tested to obtain the best enzyme for the acetylation step. Metabolic burden was relieved to restore cell growth and promote production through optimizing the plasmid production system. In order to achieve metabolic balance, the biosynthesis pathway was regulated precisely by multivariate-modular metabolic engineering. Finally, in a 5-L bioreactor, the T5OAc titer was enhanced to reach 10.9 mg/L. This represents an approximately 272-fold increase in production compared to the original strain, marking the highest yield of T5OAc ever documented in E. coli, which is believed to be helpful for promoting the progress of paclitaxel biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Liang Xie
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Fang Zhang
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Yu Huang
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Xu
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Xiu Li
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-He Xu
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
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Skellam E, Rajendran S, Li L. Combinatorial biosynthesis for the engineering of novel fungal natural products. Commun Chem 2024; 7:89. [PMID: 38637654 PMCID: PMC11026467 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural products are small molecules synthesized by fungi, bacteria and plants, which historically have had a profound effect on human health and quality of life. These natural products have evolved over millions of years resulting in specific biological functions that may be of interest for pharmaceutical, agricultural, or nutraceutical use. Often natural products need to be structurally modified to make them suitable for specific applications. Combinatorial biosynthesis is a method to alter the composition of enzymes needed to synthesize a specific natural product resulting in structurally diversified molecules. In this review we discuss different approaches for combinatorial biosynthesis of natural products via engineering fungal enzymes and biosynthetic pathways. We highlight the biosynthetic knowledge gained from these studies and provide examples of new-to-nature bioactive molecules, including molecules synthesized using combinations of fungal and non-fungal enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Skellam
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.
| | - Sanjeevan Rajendran
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
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Liu X, Zhu X, Cheng J, Jiang H. A new era for paclitaxel biosynthesis is coming. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:370-371. [PMID: 38243592 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China.
| | - Xiaoxi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Huifeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China.
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