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Gu J, Chen J, Yin Q, Dong M, Zhang Y, Chen M, Chen X, Min J, He X, Tan Y, Zheng L, Jiang H, Wang B, Li X, Chen H. lncRNA JPX-Enriched Chromatin Microenvironment Mediates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Senescence and Promotes Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:156-176. [PMID: 37942612 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.319250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Senescence is a series of degenerative changes in the structure and physiological function of an organism. Whether JPX (just proximal to XIST)-a newly identified age-related noncoding RNA by us-is associated with atherosclerosis is still unknown. Our study was to investigate the role of JPX and provide insights into potential therapies targeting atherosclerosis. METHODS We analyzed clinical data from multiple tissues including meniscus tissue, leukemia cells, and peripheral blood monocytes to identify age-related noncoding RNAs in senescent vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The molecular mechanism of JPX was investigated by capture hybridization analysis of RNA targets and chromatin immunoprecipitation. IGVTools and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to evaluate the JPX expression during phenotype regulation in age-related disease models. The therapeutic potential of JPX was evaluated after establishing an atherosclerosis model in smooth muscle-specific Jpx knockout mice. RESULTS JPX expression was upregulated in activated ras allele (H-rasV12)-induced senescent VSMCs and atherosclerotic arteries. JPX knockdown substantially reduced the elevation of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) genes in senescent VSMCs. Cytoplasmic DNA leaked from mitochondria via mitochondrial permeability transition pore formed by VDAC1 (voltage-dependent anion channel 1) oligomer activates the STING (stimulator of interferon gene) pathway. JPX could act as an enhancer for the SASP genes and functions as a scaffold molecule through interacting with phosphorylated p65/RelA and BRD4 (bromodomain-containing protein 4) in chromatin remodeling complex, promoting the transcription of SASP genes via epigenetic regulation. Smooth muscle knockout of Jpx in ApoeKO mice resulted in a decrease in plaque area, a reduction in SASP gene expression, and a decrease in senescence compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS As an enhancer RNA, JPX can integrate p65 and BRD4 to form a chromatin remodeling complex, activating SASP gene transcription and promoting cellular senescence. These findings suggest that JPX is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of age-related atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Gu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy (J.G., Q.Y., M.D., Y.Z., M.C., X.C., J.M., X.H., Y.T., L.Z., H.J., X.L., H.C.), Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Jiajing Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.C.)
| | - Quanwen Yin
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy (J.G., Q.Y., M.D., Y.Z., M.C., X.C., J.M., X.H., Y.T., L.Z., H.J., X.L., H.C.), Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Mengdie Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy (J.G., Q.Y., M.D., Y.Z., M.C., X.C., J.M., X.H., Y.T., L.Z., H.J., X.L., H.C.), Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Yunjia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy (J.G., Q.Y., M.D., Y.Z., M.C., X.C., J.M., X.H., Y.T., L.Z., H.J., X.L., H.C.), Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Minghong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy (J.G., Q.Y., M.D., Y.Z., M.C., X.C., J.M., X.H., Y.T., L.Z., H.J., X.L., H.C.), Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy (J.G., Q.Y., M.D., Y.Z., M.C., X.C., J.M., X.H., Y.T., L.Z., H.J., X.L., H.C.), Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Jiao Min
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy (J.G., Q.Y., M.D., Y.Z., M.C., X.C., J.M., X.H., Y.T., L.Z., H.J., X.L., H.C.), Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Xian He
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy (J.G., Q.Y., M.D., Y.Z., M.C., X.C., J.M., X.H., Y.T., L.Z., H.J., X.L., H.C.), Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Yongkang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy (J.G., Q.Y., M.D., Y.Z., M.C., X.C., J.M., X.H., Y.T., L.Z., H.J., X.L., H.C.), Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Longbin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy (J.G., Q.Y., M.D., Y.Z., M.C., X.C., J.M., X.H., Y.T., L.Z., H.J., X.L., H.C.), Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy (J.G., Q.Y., M.D., Y.Z., M.C., X.C., J.M., X.H., Y.T., L.Z., H.J., X.L., H.C.), Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Bingjian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Huai'an First People's Hospital Affiliated With Nanjing Medical University, China (B.W., H.C.)
| | - Xuesong Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy (J.G., Q.Y., M.D., Y.Z., M.C., X.C., J.M., X.H., Y.T., L.Z., H.J., X.L., H.C.), Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Hongshan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy (J.G., Q.Y., M.D., Y.Z., M.C., X.C., J.M., X.H., Y.T., L.Z., H.J., X.L., H.C.), Nanjing Medical University, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine (H.C.), Nanjing Medical University, China
- Department of Cardiology, Huai'an First People's Hospital Affiliated With Nanjing Medical University, China (B.W., H.C.)
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China (H.C.)
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Pavlovic D, Niciforovic D, Papic D, Milojevic K, Markovic M. CDK4/6 inhibitors: basics, pros, and major cons in breast cancer treatment with specific regard to cardiotoxicity - a narrative review. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359231205848. [PMID: 37841752 PMCID: PMC10571689 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231205848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of breast cells, with a high incidence reported in 2020 to have affected over 2 million women. In recent years, the conventional methods of treating breast cancer have involved radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, the emergence of CDK4/6 inhibitors has shown potential as a promising cancer therapy. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) inhibitors are a class of molecules that impede the formation of an active kinase complex, thereby hindering its activity and consequently halting the progression of the cell cycle. It was discovered that they have a significant impact on impeding the progression of the cancer. This is evident with the Food and Drug Administration's approval of drugs such as palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib for hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer in combination with specific endocrine therapies. In spite of enormous success in breast cancer treatment, certain obstacles have emerged, such as therapy resistance, side effects, and most of all, cardiotoxicity. Some of these drawbacks have been successfully overcome by dosage reduction, different combinations of the drugs, and the assessment of each patient's condition and suitability prior to treatment. Yet other drawbacks still require tenacious research, especially certain cases of cardiotoxicities. This article delves into the biological mechanisms of CDK4/6 in the cell cycle and cancer, as well as the clinical advantages and most common adverse events (AEs) associated with CDK4/6 inhibitors. The primary objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis of cardiotoxic AEs and elucidate the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the cardiotoxicity of CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragica Pavlovic
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozar Markovic Street, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia
| | - Danijela Niciforovic
- Center for Internal Oncology, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragana Papic
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Katarina Milojevic
- Center for Internal Oncology, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marina Markovic
- Center for Internal Oncology, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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3
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Afifi MM, Crncec A, Cornwell JA, Cataisson C, Paul D, Ghorab LM, Hernandez MO, Wong M, Kedei N, Cappell SD. Irreversible cell cycle exit associated with senescence is mediated by constitutive MYC degradation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113079. [PMID: 37656618 PMCID: PMC10591853 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells can irreversibly exit the cell cycle and become senescent to safeguard against uncontrolled proliferation. While the p53-p21 and p16-Rb pathways are thought to mediate senescence, they also mediate reversible cell cycle arrest (quiescence), raising the question of whether senescence is actually reversible or whether alternative mechanisms underly the irreversibility associated with senescence. Here, we show that senescence is irreversible and that commitment to and maintenance of senescence are mediated by irreversible MYC degradation. Senescent cells start dividing when a non-degradable MYC mutant is expressed, and quiescent cells convert to senescence when MYC is knocked down. In early oral carcinogenesis, epithelial cells exhibit MYC loss and become senescent as a safeguard against malignant transformation. Later stages of oral premalignant lesions exhibit elevated MYC levels and cellular dysplasia. Thus, irreversible cell cycle exit associated with senescence is mediated by constitutive MYC degradation, but bypassing this degradation may allow tumor cells to escape during cancer initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Afifi
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adrijana Crncec
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James A Cornwell
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christophe Cataisson
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Debasish Paul
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Laila M Ghorab
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maria O Hernandez
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource, Office of Science and Technology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Madeline Wong
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource, Office of Science and Technology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Noemi Kedei
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource, Office of Science and Technology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Steven D Cappell
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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4
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Liu H, Huang Z, Jiang H, Su K, Si Z, Wu W, Wang H, Li D, Tan N, Zhang Z. Dihydroartemisinin attenuates ischemia/reperfusion-induced renal tubular senescence by activating autophagy. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:682-693. [PMID: 37777318 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60398-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important factor for the occurrence and development of CKD. The protective effect of dihydroartemisinin on AKI and and reported mechanism have not been reported. In this study, we used two animal models including ischemia-reperfusion and UUO, as well as a high-glucose-stimulated HK-2 cell model, to evaluate the protective effect of dihydroartemisinin on premature senescence of renal tubular epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated that dihydroartemisinin improved renal aging and renal injury by activating autophagy. In addition, we found that co-treatment with chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, abolished the anti-renal aging effect of dihydroartemisinin in vitro. These findings suggested that activation of autophagy/elimination of senescent cell might be a useful strategy to prevent AKI/UUO induced renal tubular senescence and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ke Su
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zilin Si
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wenhui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hanyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Dongxue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ninghua Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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5
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Xiang X, Qing Y, Li S, Kwame AW, Wang M, Ren J. The study of single‐cell dynamics contributes to the evaluation of food‐derived antioxidant capacity. EFOOD 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/efd2.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Xiang
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Yinglu Qing
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Shan Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Amakye W. Kwame
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Jiaoyan Ren
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health Guangzhou Guangdong China
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6
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Liu Y, Zheng L, Cai X, Zhang X, Ye Y. Cardiotoxicity from neoadjuvant targeted treatment for breast cancer prior to surgery. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1078135. [PMID: 36910540 PMCID: PMC9992214 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1078135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment has been gradually shifting from non-specific cytotoxic agents to molecularly targeted drugs. Breast cancer (BC), a malignant tumor with one of the highest incidence worldwide, has seen a rapid development in terms of targeted therapies, leading to a radical change in the treatment paradigm. However, the use of targeted drugs is accompanied by an increasing rate of deaths due to non-tumor-related causes in BC patients, with cardiovascular complications as the most common cause. Cardiovascular toxicity during antitumor therapy has become a high-risk factor for survival in BC patients. Targeted drug-induced cardiotoxicity exerts a wide range of effects on cardiac structure and function, including conduction disturbances, QT interval prolongation, impaired myocardial contractility, myocardial fibrosis, and hypertrophy, resulting in various clinical manifestations, e.g., arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and even sudden death. In adult patients, the incidence of antitumor targeted drug-induced cardiotoxicity can reach 50%, and current preclinical evaluation tools are often insufficiently effective in predicting clinical cardiotoxicity. Herein, we reviewed the current status of the occurrence, causative mechanisms, monitoring methods, and progress in the prevention and treatment of cardiotoxicity associated with preoperative neoadjuvant targeted therapy for BC. It supplements the absence of relevant review on the latest research progress of preoperative neoadjuvant targeted therapy for cardiotoxicity, with a view to providing more reference for clinical treatment of BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingjuan Cai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Ye
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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7
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Piskorz WM, Cechowska-Pasko M. Senescence of Tumor Cells in Anticancer Therapy—Beneficial and Detrimental Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911082. [PMID: 36232388 PMCID: PMC9570404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence process results in stable cell cycle arrest, which prevents cell proliferation. It can be induced by a variety of stimuli including metabolic stress, DNA damage, telomeres shortening, and oncogenes activation. Senescence is generally considered as a process of tumor suppression, both by preventing cancer cells proliferation and inhibiting cancer progression. It can also be a key effector mechanism for many types of anticancer therapies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, both directly and through bioactive molecules released by senescent cells that can stimulate an immune response. Senescence is characterized by a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that can have both beneficial and detrimental impact on cancer progression. Despite the negatives, attempts are still being made to use senescence to fight cancer, especially when it comes to senolytics. There is a possibility that a combination of prosenescence therapy—which targets tumor cells and causes their senescence—with senotherapy—which targets senescent cells, can be promising in cancer treatment. This review provides information on cellular senescence, its connection with carcinogenesis and therapeutic possibilities linked to this process.
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8
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Wander SA, O’Brien N, Litchfield LM, O’Dea D, Morato Guimaraes C, Slamon DJ, Goel S. Targeting CDK4 and 6 in Cancer Therapy: Emerging Preclinical Insights Related to Abemaciclib. Oncologist 2022; 27:811-821. [PMID: 35917168 PMCID: PMC9526495 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyac138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacologic inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4 and 6) are approved for the treatment of subsets of patients with hormone receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer (BC). In metastatic disease, strategies involving endocrine therapy combined with CDK4 and 6 inhibitors (CDK4 and 6i) improve clinical outcomes in HR+ BCs. CDK4 and 6i prevent retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein phosphorylation, thereby blocking the transcription of E2F target genes, which in turn inhibits both mitogen and estrogen-mediated cell proliferation. In this review, we summarize preclinical data pertaining to the use of CDK4 and 6i in BC, with a particular focus on several of the unique chemical, pharmacologic, and mechanistic properties of abemaciclib. As research efforts elucidate the novel mechanisms underlying abemaciclib activity, potential new applications are being identified. For example, preclinical studies have demonstrated abemaciclib can exert antitumor activity against multiple tumor types and can cross the blood-brain barrier. Abemaciclib has also demonstrated distinct activity as a monotherapeutic in the treatment of BC. Accordingly, we also discuss how a greater understanding of mechanisms related to CDK4 and 6 blockade highlight abemaciclib's unique in-class properties, and could pave new avenues for enhancing its therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth A Wander
- Seth Wander, MD, PhD, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Neil O’Brien
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Dennis J Slamon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shom Goel
- Corresponding author: Shom Goel, B Med Sci (Hons), MBBS (Hons), FRACP, PhD, Department of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, VIC, 3000 Australia. Tel: +61 3 8559 8777; Fax: +61 3 8559 5039;
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Wu Y, Shen S, Shi Y, Tian N, Zhou Y, Zhang X. Senolytics: Eliminating Senescent Cells and Alleviating Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:823945. [PMID: 35309994 PMCID: PMC8924288 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.823945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is the main cause of cervical and lumbar spondylosis. Over the past few years, the relevance between cellular senescence and IVDD has been widely studied, and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) produced by senescent cells is found to remodel extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism and destruct homeostasis. Elimination of senescent cells by senolytics and suppression of SASP production by senomorphics/senostatics are effective strategies to alleviate degenerative diseases including IVDD. Here, we review the involvement of senescence in the process of IVDD; we also discuss the potential of senolytics on eliminating senescent disc cells and alleviating IVDD; finally, we provide a table listing senolytic drugs and small molecules, aiming to propose potential drugs for IVDD therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shiwei Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Naifeng Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Naifeng Tian, ; Yifei Zhou, ; Xiaolei Zhang,
| | - Yifei Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Naifeng Tian, ; Yifei Zhou, ; Xiaolei Zhang,
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
- Chinese Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine Society, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Naifeng Tian, ; Yifei Zhou, ; Xiaolei Zhang,
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Ettl T, Schulz D, Bauer RJ. The Renaissance of Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:293. [PMID: 35053461 PMCID: PMC8773807 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) regulate cell cycle progression. During tumor development, altered expression and availability of CDKs strongly contribute to impaired cell proliferation, a hallmark of cancer. In recent years, targeted inhibition of CDKs has shown considerable therapeutic benefit in a variety of tumor entities. Their success is reflected in clinical approvals of specific CDK4/6 inhibitors for breast cancer. This review provides a detailed insight into the molecular mechanisms of CDKs as well as a general overview of CDK inhibition. It also summarizes the latest research approaches and current advances in the treatment of head and neck cancer with CDK inhibitors. Instead of monotherapies, combination therapies with CDK inhibitors may especially provide promising results in tumor therapy. Indeed, recent studies have shown a synergistic effect of CDK inhibition together with chemo- and radio- and immunotherapy in cancer treatment to overcome tumor evasion, which may lead to a renaissance of CDK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Ettl
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Daniela Schulz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Richard Josef Bauer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors in Hematological Malignancies-Current Understanding, (Pre-)Clinical Application and Promising Approaches. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102497. [PMID: 34065376 PMCID: PMC8161389 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cyclin-dependent kinases are involved in the regulation of cancer-initiating processes like cell cycle progression, transcription, and DNA repair. In hematological neoplasms, these enzymes are often overexpressed, resulting in increased cell proliferation and cancer progression. Early (pre-)clinical data using cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors are promising but identifying the right drug for each subgroup and patient is challenging. Certain chromosomal abnormalities and signaling molecule activities are considered as potential biomarkers. We therefore summarized relevant studies investigating cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in hematological malignancies and further discuss molecular mechanisms of resistance and other open questions. Abstract Genetically altered stem or progenitor cells feature gross chromosomal abnormalities, inducing modified ability of self-renewal and abnormal hematopoiesis. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) regulate cell cycle progression, transcription, DNA repair and are aberrantly expressed in hematopoietic malignancies. Incorporation of CDK inhibitors (CDKIs) into the existing therapeutic regimens therefore constitutes a promising strategy. However, the complex molecular heterogeneity and different clinical presentation is challenging for selecting the right target and defining the ideal combination to mediate long-term disease control. Preclinical and early clinical data suggest that specific CDKIs have activity in selected patients, dependent on the existing rearrangements and mutations, potentially acting as biomarkers. Indeed, CDK6, expressed in hematopoietic cells, is a direct target of MLL fusion proteins often observed in acute leukemia and thus contributes to leukemogenesis. The high frequency of aberrancies in the retinoblastoma pathway additionally warrants application of CDKIs in hematopoietic neoplasms. In this review, we describe the preclinical and clinical advances recently made in the use of CDKIs. These include the FDA-approved CDK4/6 inhibitors, traditional and novel pan-CDKIs, as well as dual kinase inhibitors. We additionally provide an overview on molecular mechanisms of response vs. resistance and discuss open questions.
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12
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Wang G, Cheng X, Zhang J, Liao Y, Jia Y, Qing C. Possibility of inducing tumor cell senescence during therapy. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:496. [PMID: 33981358 PMCID: PMC8108274 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment options for cancer include surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, the traditional approach of high-dose chemotherapy brings tremendous toxic side effects to patients, as well as potentially causing drug resistance. Drug resistance affects cell proliferation, cell senescence and apoptosis. Cellular senescence refers to the process in which cells change from an active proliferative status to a growth-arrested status. There are multiple factors that regulate this process and cellular senescence is activated by various pathways. Senescent cells present specific characteristics, such as an increased cell volume, flattened cell body morphology, ceased cell division and the expression of β-galactosidase. Tumor senescence can be categorized into replicative senescence and premature senescence. Cellular senescence may inhibit the occurrence and development of tumors, serving as an innovative strategy for the treatment of cancer. The present review mainly focuses on senescent biomarkers, methods for the induction of cellular senescence and its possible application in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Xianliang Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yinnong Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Chen Qing
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
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13
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Kim SK, Goughnour PC, Lee EJ, Kim MH, Chae HJ, Yun GY, Kim YR, Choi JW. Identification of drug combinations on the basis of machine learning to maximize anti-aging effects. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246106. [PMID: 33507975 PMCID: PMC7843016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a multifactorial process that involves numerous genetic changes, so identifying anti-aging agents is quite challenging. Age-associated genetic factors must be better understood to search appropriately for anti-aging agents. We utilized an aging-related gene expression pattern-trained machine learning system that can implement reversible changes in aging by linking combinatory drugs. In silico gene expression pattern-based drug repositioning strategies, such as connectivity map, have been developed as a method for unique drug discovery. However, these strategies have limitations such as lists that differ for input and drug-inducing genes or constraints to compare experimental cell lines to target diseases. To address this issue and improve the prediction success rate, we modified the original version of expression profiles with a stepwise-filtered method. We utilized a machine learning system called deep-neural network (DNN). Here we report that combinational drug pairs using differential expressed genes (DEG) had a more enhanced anti-aging effect compared with single independent treatments on leukemia cells. This study shows potential drug combinations to retard the effects of aging with higher efficacy using innovative machine learning techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Kyung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Eui Jin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Hyun Kim
- Center for Research and Development, Oncocross Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Chae
- Center for Research and Development, Oncocross Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Yeul Yun
- Center for Research and Development, Oncocross Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Rang Kim
- Center for Research and Development, Oncocross Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yuseong Sun Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (YRK); (JWC)
| | - Jin Woo Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life and Nano-pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (YRK); (JWC)
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14
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Joo HJ, Ma DJ, Hwang JS, Shin YJ. SIRT1 Activation Using CRISPR/dCas9 Promotes Regeneration of Human Corneal Endothelial Cells through Inhibiting Senescence. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111085. [PMID: 33158256 PMCID: PMC7694272 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human corneal endothelial cells (hCECs) are restricted in proliferative capacity in vivo. Reduction in the number of hCEC leads to persistent corneal edema requiring corneal transplantation. This study demonstrates the functions of SIRT1 in hCECs and its potential for corneal endothelial regeneration. Cell morphology, cell growth rates and proliferation-associated proteins were compared in normal and senescent hCECs. SIRT1 was activated using the CRISPR/dCas9 activation system (SIRT1a). The plasmids were transfected into CECs of six-week-old Sprague–Dawley rats using electroporation and cryoinjury was performed. Senescent cells were larger, elongated and showed lower proliferation rates and lower SIRT1 levels. SIRT1 activation promoted the wound healing of CECs. In vivo transfection of SIRT1a promoted the regeneration of CECs. The proportion of the S-phase cells was lower in senescent cells and elevated upon SIRT1a activation. SIRT1 regulated cell proliferation, proliferation-associated proteins, mitochondrial membrane potential, and oxidative stress levels. In conclusion, corneal endothelial senescence is related with a decreased SIRT1 level. SIRT1a promotes the regeneration of CECs by inhibiting cytokine-induced cell death and senescence. Gene function activation therapy using SIRT1a may serve as a novel treatment strategy for hCEC diseases.
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15
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A first-in-class CDK4 inhibitor demonstrates in vitro, ex-vivo and in vivo efficacy against ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2020; 159:827-838. [PMID: 32958271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) are fundamental drivers of the cell cycle and are involved in the initiation and progression of various cancers. Deregulation of the CDK4/6-cyclin D-retinoblastoma (Rb) pathway is common in ovarian cancer and is associated with an aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis. Patients with advanced ovarian cancer whose tumor demonstrates Rb-positivity, a low expression of p16 and overexpression of cyclin D1 are most likely to benefit from CDK4/6 inhibition. MATERIALS AND METHOD Anti-proliferative activity and mechanistic investigations for CDDD2-94, employing palbociclib as comparator, were evaluated by MTT assay, cell cycle and apoptosis analysis, western blotting as well as senescence and colony formation assay. In vivo safety and efficacy studies were done in A2780 tumor-bearing nude mice. Combinations of CDDD2-94 with mTOR, MEK, PI3K or PARP inhibitors were evaluated in A2780 and OVCAR5 ovarian cancer cells. RESULTS Consistent with a CDK4-targeted mechanism, CDDD2-94 arrested the G1/G0 cell cycle, induced senescence and inhibited the proliferation of Rb-proficient ovarian cancer cells. CDDD2-94 exhibited synergistic anti-proliferative activities with mTOR, MEK, PI3K or PARP inhibitors. Importantly, unlike palbociclib which caused significant reductions in the number of lymphocytes and neutrophils, CDDD2-94 had little effect. CDDD2-94, as single agent and in combination with everolimus, delayed tumor growth and significantly increased survival of mice. CONCLUSION Given its high specificity in targeting CDK4 and excellent anti-tumor efficacy with low toxicity, CDDD2-94 has potential to be developed as a standalone agent or in combination with targeted therapeutics for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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16
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Portman N, Milioli HH, Alexandrou S, Coulson R, Yong A, Fernandez KJ, Chia KM, Halilovic E, Segara D, Parker A, Haupt S, Haupt Y, Tilley WD, Swarbrick A, Caldon CE, Lim E. MDM2 inhibition in combination with endocrine therapy and CDK4/6 inhibition for the treatment of ER-positive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:87. [PMID: 32787886 PMCID: PMC7425060 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01318-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Resistance to endocrine therapy is a major clinical challenge in the management of oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. In this setting, p53 is frequently wildtype and its activity may be suppressed via upregulation of its key regulator MDM2. This underlies our rationale to evaluate MDM2 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in treatment-resistant ER-positive breast cancer. Methods We used the MDM2 inhibitor NVP-CGM097 to treat in vitro and in vivo models alone and in combination with fulvestrant or palbociclib. We perform cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis and senescence assays to evaluate anti-tumour effects in p53 wildtype and p53 mutant ER-positive cell lines (MCF-7, ZR75-1, T-47D) and MCF-7 lines resistant to endocrine therapy and to CDK4/6 inhibition. We further assess the drug effects in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of endocrine-sensitive and endocrine-resistant ER-positive breast cancer. Results We demonstrate that MDM2 inhibition results in cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis in p53-wildtype in vitro and in vivo breast cancer models, leading to potent anti-tumour activity. We find that endocrine therapy or CDK4/6 inhibition synergises with MDM2 inhibition but does not further enhance apoptosis. Instead, combination treatments result in profound regulation of cell cycle-related transcriptional programmes, with synergy achieved through increased antagonism of cell cycle progression. Combination therapy pushes cell lines resistant to fulvestrant or palbociclib to become senescent and significantly reduces tumour growth in a fulvestrant-resistant patient-derived xenograft model. Conclusions We conclude that MDM2 inhibitors in combination with ER degraders or CDK4/6 inhibitors represent a rational strategy for treating advanced, endocrine-resistant ER-positive breast cancer, operating through synergistic activation of cell cycle co-regulatory programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Portman
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Heloisa H Milioli
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Sarah Alexandrou
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Rhiannon Coulson
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Aliza Yong
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Kristine J Fernandez
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Kee Ming Chia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Ensar Halilovic
- Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Davendra Segara
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Andrew Parker
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Sue Haupt
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Ygal Haupt
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Wayne D Tilley
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Alex Swarbrick
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - C Elizabeth Caldon
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Elgene Lim
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia. .,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
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17
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Wagner V, Gil J. Senescence as a therapeutically relevant response to CDK4/6 inhibitors. Oncogene 2020; 39:5165-5176. [PMID: 32541838 PMCID: PMC7610384 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1354-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) phosphorylate and inhibit retinoblastoma (RB) family proteins. Hyperphosphorylated RB releases E2F transcription factors, activating a transcriptional program that initiates S phase. Due to the critical role that this pathway has in regulating cell cycle progression, inhibiting CDK4/6 is an attractive therapeutic strategy. Indeed, CDK4/6 inhibitors in combination with antiestrogens produce a significant benefit in patients with ER+/HER2- breast cancer. Clinical trials are currently investigating if the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors alone or in combination can be extended to other cancer types. Inhibition of CDK4/6 can result in different cell fates such as quiescence, senescence, or apoptosis. Senescence is a stress response that can be induced by stimuli that include oncogenic activation, chemotherapy, irradiation, and targeted therapies such as CDK4/6 inhibitors. Senescent cells undergo a stable cell cycle arrest and produce a bioactive secretome that remodels their microenvironment and engages the immune system. In this review, we analyze the therapeutic relevance of senescence induction by CDK4/6 inhibitors. We also discuss how different therapies, including checkpoint inhibitors and drugs targeting MEK or PI3K, can be used in combination with CDK4/6 inhibitors to reinforce or exploit senescence. Recently, a lot of effort has been put into identifying compounds that selectively kill senescent cells (termed senolytics). Thus, sequential treatment with senolytics might be an additional strategy to potentiate the antitumor effects of CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Wagner
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jesús Gil
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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18
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Santoni M, Occhipinti G, Romagnoli E, Miccini F, Scoccia L, Giulietti M, Principato G, Saladino T, Piva F, Battelli N. Different Cardiotoxicity of Palbociclib and Ribociclib in Breast Cancer: Gene Expression and Pharmacological Data Analyses, Biological Basis, and Therapeutic Implications. BioDrugs 2020; 33:613-620. [PMID: 31529317 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-019-00382-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent tumor in women. The recent advent of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors palbociclib and ribociclib has represented a major step forward for patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. These two agents have showed similar efficacy in terms of breast cancer outcome but different cardiotoxic effects. In particular, ribociclib, but not palbociclib, has been associated with QT interval prolongation, and the mechanisms underlying this event are still unclear. In order to clarify such difference, we matched the candidate genes associated with QT interval prolongation with genes whose expression is altered following palbociclib or ribociclib treatment. We also investigated whether pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics, such as IC50 (hERG) [concentration of drug producing 50% inhibition (human ether-à-go-go related gene)] and maximum concentration (Cmax), could justify the different effects on QT interval prolongation. Our results show that ribociclib, but not palbociclib, could act by down-regulating the expression of KCNH2 (encoding for potassium channel hERG) and up-regulating SCN5A and SNTA1 (encoding for sodium channels Nav1.5 and syntrophin-α1, respectively), three genes associated with long QT syndrome. Consistent with the cardiotoxicity induced by ribociclib, its IC50 (hERG)/free concentration (Cmax free) ratio is closer to the safety threshold than that of palbociclib. In summary, we hypothesize that the different cardiotoxicity associated with ribociclib and palbociclib could be due to the alteration of potassium and sodium channels induced by ribociclib. A better comprehension of the mechanisms of cardiac channelopathies and drug-induced QT interval prolongation will be fundamental to avoid serious and potentially lethal adverse events and, as a consequence, optimize the management of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Santoni
- Oncology Unit, Macerata Hospital, via Santa Lucia 2, Macerata, Italy
| | - Giulia Occhipinti
- Department of Specialistic Clinical and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Monte d'Ago, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Miccini
- Oncology Unit, Macerata Hospital, via Santa Lucia 2, Macerata, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Giulietti
- Department of Specialistic Clinical and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Monte d'Ago, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Principato
- Department of Specialistic Clinical and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Monte d'Ago, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Tiziana Saladino
- Oncology Unit, Macerata Hospital, via Santa Lucia 2, Macerata, Italy
| | - Francesco Piva
- Department of Specialistic Clinical and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Monte d'Ago, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Nicola Battelli
- Oncology Unit, Macerata Hospital, via Santa Lucia 2, Macerata, Italy
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Li T, Xiong Y, Wang Q, Chen F, Zeng Y, Yu X, Wang Y, Zhou F, Zhou Y. Ribociclib (LEE011) suppresses cell proliferation and induces apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 by inhibiting CDK4/6-cyclin D-Rb-E2F pathway. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 47:4001-4011. [PMID: 31588803 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1670670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) stands for a refractory subtype, which predicts poor prognosis and has no effective therapies yet for improving it. Given the restrictions of traditional treatments, novel therapeutic strategies need excavating to alleviate the intrinsic or acquired resistance. Ribociclib, a selective CDK4/6 inhibitor, has successfully prevented cancers from deteriorating by intervening the CDK4/6-cyclin D-Rb-E2F pathway, especially for estrogen receptor-positive (ER +) breast cancer. However, there still remains limited accessibility referring to TNBC. Performing experiments on MDA-MB-231 cells, we found that LEE011 could suppress cell proliferation, and this suppression tended to be dose-dependently. Western blotting analysis presented significant decrease with the expression of CDK4/6 after LEE011 treated, and other proteins associated with this axis such as cyclin D1, p-Rb, Rb, E2F1 showed aberrant changes. Moreover, LEE011 induced G0-G1 phase cell cycle arrest, promoted cell apoptosis, and reduced cell migration in vitro. In addition, tumor growth was remarkably impeded without obvious side-effects in MDA-MB-231 xenograft models. Our research has identified that LEE011 was not completely invalid for MDA-MB-231. Considering its pivotal status in TNBC, the CDK4/6-cyclin D-Rb-E2F pathway informed us the possibility and practicality of Ribociclib (LEE011) as pharmacological intervention, but challenges warrant further validation in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Li
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Yudi Xiong
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Fengxia Chen
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Yangyang Zeng
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Fuxiang Zhou
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Yunfeng Zhou
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
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20
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Liu Q, Liu S, Wang X, Zhang J, Liu K. LncRNA MAGI2-AS3 is involved in cervical squamous cell carcinoma development through CDK6 up-regulation. Infect Agent Cancer 2019; 14:37. [PMID: 31832086 PMCID: PMC6865008 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-019-0238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It has been reported that lncRNA MAGI2-AS3 can promote many types of cancer, such as breast cancer and bladder cancer, by regulating cell behaviors, such a proliferation, invasion, and migration. However, its role in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is unclear. This study aims to investigate the role of MAGI2-AS3 in CSCC. Methods Sixty-four CSCC patients (36 to 68 years, 46.3 ± 5.1 years) out of 136 CSCC patients admitted by Shengjing hospital affiliated to China Medical University from June 2010 to October 2013 were included in the present study. Among the 64 enrolled patients, 20 were HPV-16 positive cases, 24 were HPV-18 positive cases and 20 were HPV negative. CSCC and non-tumor biopsies from CSCC patients as well as C-33A cell lines were used. Cells were transfected with MAGI2-AS3 and CDK6 expression vectors as well as with MAGI2-AS3 siRNA to analyze gene interactions. Cell cycle analysis was performed to analyze the effects of transfections on cell cycle progression. qPCR and western blot were applied to analyze gene expression. Paired t-test and ANOVA (one-way) combined with Tukey test were used for data comparisons. Survival analysis was performed by plotting and comparing survival curves. Results qRT-PCR results showed that CDK6 and MAGI2-AS3 were both up-regulated in CSCC and positively correlated with each other. MAGI2-AS3 and CDK6 expression was not significantly affected by HPV infections. High levels of MAGI2-AS3 were associated with the poor survival of CSCC patients. In CSCC cells, MAGI2-AS3 over-expression up-regulated CDK6, while MAGI2-AS3 siRNA down-regulated CDK6. In CCK-8 assay, MAGI2-AS3 and CDK6 over-expression led to increased proliferation rate of CSCC cells by reducing CDK6 levels, while MAGI2-AS3 siRNA didn’t. In addition, CDK6 over-expression attenuated the effect of MAGI2-AS3 siRNA silencing. Conclusions In conclusion, MAGI2-AS3 promoted CSCC cell proliferation by up-regulating CDK6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifang Liu
- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Shengjing hospital affiliated to China medical university, No. 36 of Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Shengjing hospital affiliated to China medical university, No. 36 of Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Shengjing hospital affiliated to China medical university, No. 36 of Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Shengjing hospital affiliated to China medical university, No. 36 of Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning China
| | - Kuiran Liu
- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Shengjing hospital affiliated to China medical university, No. 36 of Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning China
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21
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Jin D, Tran N, Thomas N, Tran DD. Combining CDK4/6 inhibitors ribociclib and palbociclib with cytotoxic agents does not enhance cytotoxicity. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223555. [PMID: 31600301 PMCID: PMC6786609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) play critical roles in the G1 to S checkpoint of the cell cycle and have been shown to be overactive in several human cancers. Small-molecule inhibitors of CDK4/6 have demonstrated significant efficacy against many solid tumors. Since CDK4/6 inhibition is thought to induce cell cycle arrest at the G1/S checkpoint, much interest has been focused on combining CDK4/6 inhibitors with cytotoxic agents active against the S or M phase of the cell cycle to enhance therapeutic efficacy. However, it remains unclear how best to combine these two classes of drugs to avoid their potentially antagonistic effects. Here, we test various combinations of highly selective and potent CDK4/6 inhibitors with commonly used cytotoxic drugs in several cancer cell lines derived from lung, breast and brain cancers, for their cell-killing effects as compared to monotherapy. All combinations, either concurrent or sequential, failed to enhance cell-killing effects. Importantly, in certain schedules, especially pre-treatment with a CDK4/6 inhibitor, combining these drugs resulted in reduced cytotoxicity of cytotoxic agents. These findings urge cautions when combining these two classes of agents in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Jin
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Nguyen Tran
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Nagheme Thomas
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - David D Tran
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
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22
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Lee YH, Chen YY, Yeh YL, Wang YJ, Chen RJ. Stilbene Compounds Inhibit Tumor Growth by the Induction of Cellular Senescence and the Inhibition of Telomerase Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112716. [PMID: 31159515 PMCID: PMC6600253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a state of cell cycle arrest characterized by a distinct morphology, gene expression pattern, and secretory phenotype. It can be triggered by multiple mechanisms, including those involved in telomere shortening, the accumulation of DNA damage, epigenetic pathways, and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and so on. In current cancer therapy, cellular senescence has emerged as a potent tumor suppression mechanism that restrains proliferation in cells at risk for malignant transformation. Therefore, compounds that stimulate the growth inhibition effects of senescence while limiting its detrimental effects are believed to have great clinical potential. In this review article, we first review the current knowledge of the pro- and antitumorigeneic functions of senescence and summarize the key roles of telomerase in the regulation of senescence in tumors. Second, we review the current literature regarding the anticancer effects of stilbene compounds that are mediated by the targeting of telomerase and cell senescence. Finally, we provide future perspectives on the clinical utilization of stilbene compounds, especially resveratrol and pterostilbene, as novel cancer therapeutic remedies. We conclude and propose that stilbene compounds may induce senescence and may potentially be used as the therapeutic or adjuvant agents for cancers with high telomerase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Ling Yeh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Jan Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Rong-Jane Chen
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan.
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23
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Calcinotto A, Kohli J, Zagato E, Pellegrini L, Demaria M, Alimonti A. Cellular Senescence: Aging, Cancer, and Injury. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1047-1078. [PMID: 30648461 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00020.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 600] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a permanent state of cell cycle arrest that occurs in proliferating cells subjected to different stresses. Senescence is, therefore, a cellular defense mechanism that prevents the cells to acquire an unnecessary damage. The senescent state is accompanied by a failure to re-enter the cell cycle in response to mitogenic stimuli, an enhanced secretory phenotype and resistance to cell death. Senescence takes place in several tissues during different physiological and pathological processes such as tissue remodeling, injury, cancer, and aging. Although senescence is one of the causative processes of aging and it is responsible of aging-related disorders, senescent cells can also play a positive role. In embryogenesis and tissue remodeling, senescent cells are required for the proper development of the embryo and tissue repair. In cancer, senescence works as a potent barrier to prevent tumorigenesis. Therefore, the identification and characterization of key features of senescence, the induction of senescence in cancer cells, or the elimination of senescent cells by pharmacological interventions in aging tissues is gaining consideration in several fields of research. Here, we describe the known key features of senescence, the cell-autonomous, and noncell-autonomous regulators of senescence, and we attempt to discuss the functional role of this fundamental process in different contexts in light of the development of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Calcinotto
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland , Bellinzona , Switzerland ; University of Groningen, European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands ; IOR, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland , Bellinzona , Switzerland ; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences , Lugano , Italy ; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne UNIL , Lausanne , Switzerland ; and Department of Medicine, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Jaskaren Kohli
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland , Bellinzona , Switzerland ; University of Groningen, European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands ; IOR, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland , Bellinzona , Switzerland ; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences , Lugano , Italy ; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne UNIL , Lausanne , Switzerland ; and Department of Medicine, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Elena Zagato
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland , Bellinzona , Switzerland ; University of Groningen, European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands ; IOR, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland , Bellinzona , Switzerland ; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences , Lugano , Italy ; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne UNIL , Lausanne , Switzerland ; and Department of Medicine, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Laura Pellegrini
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland , Bellinzona , Switzerland ; University of Groningen, European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands ; IOR, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland , Bellinzona , Switzerland ; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences , Lugano , Italy ; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne UNIL , Lausanne , Switzerland ; and Department of Medicine, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Marco Demaria
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland , Bellinzona , Switzerland ; University of Groningen, European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands ; IOR, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland , Bellinzona , Switzerland ; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences , Lugano , Italy ; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne UNIL , Lausanne , Switzerland ; and Department of Medicine, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Andrea Alimonti
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland , Bellinzona , Switzerland ; University of Groningen, European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands ; IOR, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland , Bellinzona , Switzerland ; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences , Lugano , Italy ; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne UNIL , Lausanne , Switzerland ; and Department of Medicine, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
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24
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Sun X, Chang Y, Cheng Y, Feng Y, Zhang H. Band Alignment-Driven Oxidative Injury to the Skin by Anatase/Rutile Mixed-Phase Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Under Sunlight Exposure. Toxicol Sci 2018; 164:300-312. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Sun
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Chang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanlin Feng
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
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25
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Mills CC, Kolb EA, Sampson VB. Recent Advances of Cell-Cycle Inhibitor Therapies for Pediatric Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 77:6489-6498. [PMID: 29097609 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the pivotal roles of cell-cycle and checkpoint regulators and discusses development of specific cell-cycle inhibitors for therapeutic use for pediatric cancer. The mechanism of action as well as the safety and tolerability of drugs in pediatric patients, including compounds that target CDK4/CDK6 (palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib), aurora kinases (AT9283 and MLN8237), Wee1 kinase (MK-1775), KSP (ispinesib), and tubulin (taxanes, vinca alkaloids), are presented. The design of mechanism-based combinations that exploit the cross-talk of signals activated by cell-cycle arrest, as well as pediatric-focused drug development, are critical for the advancement of drugs for rare childhood diseases. Cancer Res; 77(23); 6489-98. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E A Kolb
- Nemours Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Valerie B Sampson
- Nemours Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware.
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26
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Therapy Effects of Wogonin on Ovarian Cancer Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9381513. [PMID: 29181409 PMCID: PMC5664191 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9381513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Wogonin is a plant monoflavonoid and has been reported to induce apoptosis of cancer cells and show inhibitory effect on cancer cell growth. However, the detailed and underlying molecular mechanisms are not elucidated. In this study, we investigated the molecular and biological effects of wogonin in human ovarian A2780 cancer cells. Materials and Methods We determined the effects of wogonin on the changes of cell cycling and apoptotic responses of cells. Western blot analysis was used to measure the effects of wogonin on protein expressions. Results Our results showed that treatment with wogonin inhibited the cancer cell proliferation, decreased the percentage of G0/G1 subpopulation, and reduced invasiveness of A2780 cells. Exposure to wogonin also resulted in downregulated protein levels of estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α), VEGF, Bcl-2, and Akt and increased expressions of Bax and p53. In addition, exposure to wogonin increased caspase-3 cleavage and induced apoptosis in A2780 cells. Our study further showed that MPP, a specific ER-α inhibitor, significantly enhanced antitumor effects of wogonin in A2780 cells. Conclusion Our results suggest a potential clinical impact of wogonin on management of ovarian cancer.
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Abstract
Ribociclib is an oral, small-molecule inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4 and 6 that is under development by Novartis for the treatment of cancer. CDKs play an important role in cell cycle progression and cellular proliferation, and inhibition of these kinases with ribociclib results in G1 phase cell-cycle arrest. Ribociclib, in combination with an aromatase inhibitor, was recently approved in the USA for the first-line treatment of advanced breast cancer and has been submitted for approval in the EU for this indication. Ribociclib is undergoing further phase III investigations in breast cancer and is being evaluated in phase I or II trials for various solid tumour types and haematological malignancies. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of ribociclib leading to this first global approval for use as initial endocrine-based therapy for the treatment of postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer.
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28
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Xu H, Yu S, Liu Q, Yuan X, Mani S, Pestell RG, Wu K. Recent advances of highly selective CDK4/6 inhibitors in breast cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:97. [PMID: 28438180 PMCID: PMC5404666 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled cell division is the hallmark of cancers. Full understanding of cell cycle regulation would contribute to promising cancer therapies. In particular, cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 (CDK4/6), which are pivotal drivers of cell proliferation by combination with cyclin D, draw more and more attention. Subsequently, extensive studies were carried out to explore drugs inhibiting CDK4/6 and assess the efficacy and safety of these drugs in cancer, especially breast cancer. Due to the insuperable adverse events and the less activity observed in vivo, the drug development of the initial pan-CDK inhibitor flavopiridol was consequently discontinued, and then highly specific inhibitors were extensively researched and developed, including palbociclib (PD0332991), ribociclib (LEE011), and abemaciclib (LY2835219). Food and Drug Administration has approved palbociclib and ribociclib for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer, and recent clinical trial data suggest that palbociclib significantly improved clinical outcome when combined with letrozole or fulvestrant. Besides, the favorable effects of abemaciclib on prolonging survival of breast cancer patients have also been observed in clinical trials both for single-agent and combination strategy. In this review, we outline the preclinical and clinical advancement of these three orally bioavailable and highly selective CDK4/6 inhibitors in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiao Xu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengnan Yu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Sridhar Mani
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Richard G Pestell
- Pennsylvania Center for Cancer and Regenerative Medicine, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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