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Zhang H, Chang Z, Wang C, Yuan Z, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhang W, Zhong Y, Wang M, Zou C, Tang Q, Hu H, Wang G. SKA3/PTTG1/c-MYC signal loop drives the progression of colorectal cancer. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1730. [PMID: 38849978 PMCID: PMC11161389 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Zewen Chang
- Department of Colorectal Surgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Ziming Yuan
- Department of Colorectal Surgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yunxiao Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yuliuming Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Weiyuan Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yuchen Zhong
- Department of Colorectal Surgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Colorectal Cancer SurgeryCancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital)HangzhouChina
| | - Chaoxia Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Qingchao Tang
- Department of Colorectal Surgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Hanqing Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Guiyu Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
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Buchholz K, Durślewicz J, Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska A, Wiśniewska M, Słupski M, Grzanka D. SKA3 Expression as a Prognostic Factor for Patients with Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5134. [PMID: 38791174 PMCID: PMC11120893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The spindle and kinetochore-associated complex subunit 3 (SKA3) is a protein essential for proper chromosome segregation during mitosis and thus responsible for maintaining genome stability. Although its involvement in the pathogenesis of various cancer types has been reported, the potential clinicopathological significance of SKA3 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to assess clinicopathological associations and prognostic value of SKA3 in PDAC. For this purpose, in-house immunohistochemical analysis on tissue macroarrays (TMAs), as well as a bioinformatic examination using publicly available RNA-Seq dataset, were performed. It was demonstrated that SKA3 expression at both mRNA and protein levels was significantly elevated in PDAC compared to control tissues. Upregulated mRNA expression constituted an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for the overall survival of PDAC patients, whereas altered SKA3 protein levels were associated with significantly better clinical outcomes. The last observation was particularly clear in the early-stage tumors. These findings render SKA3 a promising prognostic biomarker for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. However, further studies are needed to confirm this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Buchholz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.B.); (J.D.); (D.G.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Justyna Durślewicz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.B.); (J.D.); (D.G.)
| | - Anna Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.B.); (J.D.); (D.G.)
| | - Magdalena Wiśniewska
- Department of Oncology and Brachytherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
- Clinical Department of Oncology, Professor Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Center in Bydgoszcz, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Maciej Słupski
- Department of General, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.B.); (J.D.); (D.G.)
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Liu G, Liu X, Zeng W, Zhou W. TFAP2A Upregulates SKA3 to Promote Glycolysis and Reduce the Sensitivity of Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells to Cisplatin. Pharmacology 2024; 109:202-215. [PMID: 38643755 DOI: 10.1159/000536557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies have shown that glycolysis metabolism affects the resistance or sensitivity of tumors to chemotherapy drugs. Emerging from recent research, a paradigm-shifting revelation has unfolded, elucidating the oncogenic nature of SKA3 within the context of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Consequently, this work was designed to delve into the effects of SKA3 on glycolysis and cisplatin (CDDP) resistance in LUAD cells and to find new possibilities for individualized treatment of LUAD. METHODS LUAD mRNA expression data from the TCGA database were procured to scrutinize the differential expression patterns of SKA3 in both tumor and normal tissues. GSEA and Pearson correlation analyses were employed to elucidate the impact of SKA3 on signaling pathways within the context of LUAD. In order to discern the upstream regulatory mechanisms, the ChEA and JASPAR databases were utilized to predict the transcription factors and binding sites associated with SKA3. qRT-PCR and Western blot were implemented to assay the mRNA and protein expression levels of SKA3 and TFAP2A. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase assays were performed to solidify the binding relationship between the two. Extracellular acidification rate, glucose consumption, lactate production, and glycolysis-related proteins (HK2, GLUT1, and LDHA) were used to evaluate the level of glycolysis. Cell viability under CDDP treatment was determined utilizing the CCK-8, allowing for the calculation of IC50. The expression levels of SKA3 and TFAP2A proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS SKA3 exhibited upregulation in LUAD tissues and cell lines, establishing a direct linkage with glycolysis pathway. Overexpression of SKA3 fostered glycolysis in LUAD, resulting in reduced sensitivity toward CDDP treatment. The upstream transcription factor of SKA3, TFAP2A, was also upregulated in LUAD and could promote SKA3 transcription. Overexpression of TFAP2A also fostered the glycolysis of LUAD. Rescue assays showed that TFAP2A promoted glycolysis in LUAD cells by activating SKA3, reducing the sensitivity of LUAD cells to CDDP. The IHC analysis revealed a positive correlation between high expression of SKA3 and TFAP2A and CDDP resistance. CONCLUSION In summary, TFAP2A can transcriptionally activate SKA3, promote glycolysis in LUAD, and protect LUAD cells from CDDP treatment, indicating that targeting the TFAP2A/SKA3 axis may become a plausible and pragmatic therapeutic strategy for the clinical governance of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijun Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wangyan Zhou
- Department of Medical Record, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Feng D, Wang J, Xiao Y, Wu R, Li D, Tuo Z, Yu Q, Ye L, MIYAMOTO A, Yoo KH, Wei W, Ye X, Zhang C, Han P. SKA3 targeted therapies in cancer precision surgery: bridging bench discoveries to clinical applications - review article. Int J Surg 2024; 110:2323-2337. [PMID: 38241327 PMCID: PMC11020031 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000001123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Spindle and kinetochore-associated complex subunit 3 (SKA3) is a microtubule-binding subcomplex of the outer kinetochore, which plays a vital role in proper chromosomal segregation and cell division. Recently, SKA3 have been demonstrated its oncogenic role of tumorigenesis and development in cancers. In this review, the authors comprehensively deciphered SKA3 in human cancer from various aspects, including bibliometrics, pan-cancer analysis, and narrative summary. The authors also provided the top 10 predicted drugs targeting SKA3. The authors proposed that SKA3 was a potential target and brought new therapeutic opportunities for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechao Feng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu
| | - Yuhan Xiao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu
| | - Ruicheng Wu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu
| | - Dengxiong Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu
| | - Zhouting Tuo
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei
| | - Qingxin Yu
- Department of Pathology, Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province
| | - Luxia Ye
- Department of Public Research Platform, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Akira MIYAMOTO
- Department of Rehabilitation, West Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Koo Han Yoo
- Department of Urology, Kyung Hee University, South Korea
| | - Wuran Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu
| | - Xing Ye
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou
| | - Ping Han
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu
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Liang G, Duan C, He J, Shi L. Spindle and kinetochore-related complex subunit 3 has a protumour function in osteosarcoma by activating the Notch pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 483:116826. [PMID: 38228236 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Increasing expression of spindle and kinetochore-related complex subunit 3 (SKA3) is related to the progression of multiple malignancies. However, the role of SKA3 in osteosarcoma remains unexplored. The present study aimed to investigate the relevance of SKA3 in osteosarcoma. Preliminarily, SKA3 expression in osteosarcoma was assessed through The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) analysis, which revealed high levels of SKA3 transcripts in osteosarcoma tissues. Subsequent examination of clinical tissues confirmed the abundant expression of SKA3 in osteosarcoma. Downregulation of SKA3 expression in osteosarcoma cell lines resulted in repressive effects on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), while upregulation of SKA3 expression had the opposite effect. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that the Notch pathway is enriched in SKA3 high groups based on different expressed genes from the TCGA data. Further investigation showed that the levels of Notch1, Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD1), hairy and enhancer of split 1 (HES1), and hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif protein 1 (HEY1) were downregulated in SKA3-silenced osteosarcoma cells, and upregulated in SKA3-overexpressed osteosarcoma cells. Activation of the Notch pathway by increasing NICD1 expression reversed the antitumour effects induced by SKA3 silencing, while deactivation of the Notch pathway diminished the protumour effects induced by SKA3 overexpression. Moreover, SKA3-silenced osteosarcoma cells exhibited a reduced capacity for xenograft formation in nude mice. In conclusion, SKA3 plays a cancer-enhancing role in osteosarcoma through its effect on the Notch pathway. Reducing the expression of SKA3 could be a potential therapeutic approach for treating osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, 521 Hospital of Norinco Group, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Chaopeng Duan
- Department of Orthopaedics, 521 Hospital of Norinco Group, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - June He
- Department of Orthopaedics, 521 Hospital of Norinco Group, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China.
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Gu Y, Li J, Guan H, Sun C. Prognostic and immunological values of SKA3 for overall survival in lung adenocarcinoma and its RNA binding protein involved mechanisms. J Chemother 2023:1-14. [PMID: 38146901 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2023.2298153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
This article aimed to investigate the correlations among SKA3 expression and prognosis, clinical relevance, tumor immunity, and RNA-binding protein (RBP)-involved mechanisms for overall survival (OS) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). To explore the SKA3 expression level in LUAD by analyzing the genomic data as well as related clinical characteristics from the database of TCGA. Nomogram and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were applied, respectively, to evaluate the performance of SKA3 in LUAD. Correlations between SKA3 and immunity and RBP-involved mechanisms were also performed. SKA3 had a higher expression level in LUAD samples than in adjacent normal lung samples, with shorter survival times in the high-SKA3-expressed LUAD subgroup (P < 0.05). qRT-PCR results remained consistent (P < 0.05). Uni-/multivariate Cox analyses revealed that SKA3 could have independent prognostic ability for LUAD (both P < 0.05). The nomogram model constructed with clinical pathological parameters and SKA3 expression levels predicted OS rates for LUAD and GSEA revealed SKA3-related pathways. In aspects of tumor immunity, SKA3 was significantly involved with tumor neoantigen burden, tumor mutational burden, immune cell pathways, and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) molecules (all P < 0.05). The CellMiner database also found significant correlations between SKA3 and the antitumor drug sensitivity of chemotherapy, fenretinide, and PX-316. Besides, a total of nine LncRNA/RBP/SKA3 networks were revealed in LUAD for their RBP-involved mechanisms. SKA3 could serve as a potential biomarker for OS prognosis and immunotherapy in LUAD. LncRNA/RBP/SKA3 networks were identified in LUAD for their RBP-involved mechanisms, paving the way for further experimental verifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfeng Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jianhu People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinjin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jianhu People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongjun Guan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jianhu People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changpeng Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jianhu People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
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Muneer A, Wang L, Xie L, Zhang F, Wu B, Mei L, Lenarcic EM, Feng EH, Song J, Xiong Y, Yu X, Wang C, Jain K, Strahl BD, Cook JG, Wan YY, Moorman NJ, Song H, Jin J, Chen X. Non-canonical function of histone methyltransferase G9a in the translational regulation of chronic inflammation. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:1525-1541.e7. [PMID: 37858336 PMCID: PMC11095832 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel translation-regulatory function of G9a, a histone methyltransferase and well-understood transcriptional repressor, in promoting hyperinflammation and lymphopenia; two hallmarks of endotoxin tolerance (ET)-associated chronic inflammatory complications. Using multiple approaches, we demonstrate that G9a interacts with multiple translation regulators during ET, particularly the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methyltransferase METTL3, to co-upregulate expression of certain m6A-modified mRNAs that encode immune-checkpoint and anti-inflammatory proteins. Mechanistically, G9a promotes m6A methyltransferase activity of METTL3 at translational/post-translational level by regulating its expression, its methylation, and its cytosolic localization during ET. Additionally, from a broader view extended from the G9a-METTL3-m6A translation regulatory axis, our translatome proteomics approach identified numerous "G9a-translated" proteins that unite the networks associated with inflammation dysregulation, T cell dysfunction, and systemic cytokine response. In sum, we identified a previously unrecognized function of G9a in protein-specific translation that can be leveraged to treat ET-related chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Muneer
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ling Xie
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Liu Mei
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Erik M Lenarcic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Emerald Hillary Feng
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Juan Song
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yan Xiong
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Xufen Yu
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Charles Wang
- Center for Genomics, Division of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Kanishk Jain
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Brian D Strahl
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jeanette Gowen Cook
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yisong Y Wan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Nathaniel John Moorman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Xian Chen
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Zheng LL, Wang YR, Liu ZR, Wang ZH, Tao CC, Xiao YG, Zhang K, Wu AK, Li HY, Wu JX, Xiao T, Rong WQ. High spindle and kinetochore-associated complex subunit-3 expression predicts poor prognosis and correlates with adverse immune infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Surg 2023; 15:1600-1614. [PMID: 37701707 PMCID: PMC10494596 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v15.i8.1600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spindle and kinetochore-associated complex subunit 3 (SKA3) is a malignancy-associated gene that plays a critical role in the regulation of chromosome separation and cell division. However, the molecular mechanism through which SKA3 regulates tumor cell proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been fully elucidated. AIM To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of SKA3 in HCC. METHODS SKA3 expression, clinicopathological, and survival analyses were performed using multiple public database platforms, and the results were verified by Western blot and immunohistochemistry staining using collected clinical samples. Functional enrichment analyses were performed to evaluate the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of SKA3 in HCC. Furthermore, the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource and single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) algorithms were utilized to investigate the abundance of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in HCC. The response to chemotherapeutic drugs was evaluated by the R package "pRRophetic". RESULTS We found that upregulated SKA3 expression was significantly correlated with poor prognosis in patients with HCC. Multivariable Cox regression analysis indicated that SKA3 was an independent risk factor for survival. GSEA revealed that SKA3 expression may facilitate proliferation and migratory processes by regulating the cell cycle and DNA repair. Moreover, patients with high SKA3 expression had significantly decreased ratios of CD8+ T cells, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells. Drug sensitivity analysis showed that the high SKA3 group was more sensitive to sorafenib, sunitinib, paclitaxel, doxorubicin, gemcitabine, and vx-680. CONCLUSION High SKA3 expression led to poor prognosis in patients with HCC by enhancing HCC proliferation and repressing immune cell infiltration surrounding HCC. SKA3 may be used as a biomarker for poor prognosis and as a therapeutic target in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ya-Ru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zhen-Rong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Hernia Surgery, Liaocheng Dongcangfu People's Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chang-Cheng Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yong-Gang Xiao
- The Second Ward of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qianxinan People's Hospital, Xingyi 562400, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - An-Ke Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Hai-Yang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jian-Xiong Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ting Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Wei-Qi Rong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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Li Z, Huang L, Li J, Yang W, Li W, Long Q, Dai X, Wang H, Du G. Immunological role and prognostic value of the SKA family in pan-cancer analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1012999. [PMID: 37180139 PMCID: PMC10169755 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1012999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The spindle and kinetochore associated (SKA) complex, which plays important roles in proper chromosome segregation during mitosis by maintaining the stabilization of kinetochore-spindle microtubule attachment during mitosis, has recently been reported to exert regulatory effects on the initiation and progression of various human cancer types. Nevertheless, the prognostic significance and immune infiltration of the SKA family across cancers have not been well elucidated. Methods Using data from three large public datasets, including The Cancer Genome Atlas, Genotype-Tissue Expression, and Gene Expression Omnibus databases, a novel scoring system (termed the SKA score) was developed to quantify the SKA family level across cancers. We then evaluated the prognostic impact of the SKA score on survival and assessed the effect of the SKA score on immunotherapy at the pan-cancer level using multiomics bioinformatic analyses. The correlation of the SKA score and the tumor microenvironment (TME) was also explored in depth. Potential small molecular compounds and chemotherapeutic agents were assessed by CTRP and GDSC analyses. Immunohistochemistry was performed to verify the expression of the SKA family genes. Results Our results demonstrated a close correlation between the SKA score and tumor development and prognosis in multiple cancers. The SKA score was positively related to cell cycle pathways and DNA replication across cancers, such as E2F targets, the G2M checkpoint, MYC targets V1/V2, mitotic spindles and DNA repair. Additionally, the SKA score was negatively related to the infiltration of various immune cells with antitumor effects in the TME. In addition, the potential value of the SKA score was identified to predict immunotherapy response for melanoma and bladder cancer. We also demonstrated a correlation between SKA1/2/3 and the response to drug treatment across cancers and the promising potential of the SKA complex and its genes as therapeutic targets in cancer. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the expression differences of SKA1/2/3 were significant between the breast cancer group and the paracancerous group. Conclusion The SKA score plays a critical role in 33 cancer types and is highly related to tumor prognosis. Patients with elevated SKA scores have a clear immunosuppressive TME. The SKA score may serve as a predictor for patients receiving anti-PD-1/L1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengtian Li
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lanying Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiachen Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Gland Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wenkang Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Gland Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Weichao Li
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiuzhong Long
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xinyu Dai
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Gang Du
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Transcription factor ZEB1 regulates PLK1-mediated SKA3 phosphorylation to promote lung cancer cell proliferation, migration and cell cycle. Anticancer Drugs 2022:00001813-990000000-00152. [PMID: 36728910 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide with low 5-year survival rate. The mechanism of spindle and kinetochore-associated complex subunit 3 (SKA3) in LC tumorgenesis remains largely unclear. The expression of SKA3 in LC cells was detected by quantitative PCR. Cell proliferation, migration and cell cycle were evaluated by functional assays including 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine, wound healing, transwell assays and flow cytometry analysis. Bioinformatics analysis, chromatin immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter, co-immunoprecipitation and in vitro phosphorylation assays were applied to explore the interactions between zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) and SKA3/polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1). SKA3 is highly expressed in LC cell lines and drives LC cell proliferation, migration and cell cycle. PLK1 also enhances the malignancy of LC cells. PLK1 can mediate SKA3 phosphorylation and enhance the stability of SKA3 protein, thus promoting LC progression. Besides, we found that transcription factor ZEB1 transcriptionally activates SKA3/PLK1 expression, contributing to LC cell malignancy. This study demonstrated that transcription factor ZEB1 modulates PLK1-mediated SKA3 phosphorylation to accelerate LC cell growth, migration and cycle, which might offer novel insight into LC treatment.
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Integrative network analysis reveals subtype-specific long non-coding RNA regulatory mechanisms in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 21:535-549. [PMID: 36659932 PMCID: PMC9816915 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) is one of most common malignancies with high mortality worldwide. Importantly, the molecular heterogeneity of HNSC complicates the clinical diagnosis and treatment, leading to poor overall survival outcomes. To dissect the complex heterogeneity, recent studies have reported multiple molecular subtyping systems. For instance, HNSC can be subdivided to four distinct molecular subtypes: atypical, basal, classical, and mesenchymal, of which the mesenchymal subtype is characterized by upregulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and associated with poorer survival outcomes. Despite a wealth of studies into the complex molecular heterogeneity, the regulatory mechanism specific to this aggressive subtype remain largely unclear. Herein, we developed a network-based bioinformatics framework that integrates lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles to elucidate the subtype-specific regulatory mechanisms. Applying the framework to HNSC, we identified a clinically relevant lncRNA LNCOG as a key master regulator mediating EMT underlying the mesenchymal subtype. Five genes with strong prognostic values, namely ANXA5, ITGA5, CCBE1, P4HA2, and EPHX3, were predicted to be the putative targets of LNCOG and subsequently validated in other independent datasets. By integrative analysis of the miRNA expression profiles, we found that LNCOG may act as a ceRNA to sponge miR-148a-3p thereby upregulating ITGA5 to promote HNSC progression. Furthermore, our drug sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the five putative targets of LNCOG were also predictive of the sensitivities of multiple FDA-approved drugs. In summary, our bioinformatics framework facilitates the dissection of cancer subtype-specific lncRNA regulatory mechanisms, providing potential novel biomarkers for more optimized treatment of HNSC.
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Key Words
- AUC, area under the curve
- BH, Benjamini-Hochberg
- CI, confidence interval
- CTRP, The Cancer Therapeutics Response Portal
- Competitive endogenous RNA
- DEG, differentially expressed gene
- DEX, dexamethasone
- DFS, disease-free survival
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- FPKM, fragments per kilobase million
- GEO, Gene Expression Omnibus
- GO, Gene Ontology
- GSEA, gene set enrichment analysis
- HNSC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- HR, hazard ratio
- Head and neck cancer
- ICGC, The International Cancer Genome Consortium
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- LASSO, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator
- Long non-coding RNAs
- Network inference
- OS, overall survival
- ROC, receiver operating characteristic curve
- Subtype-specific
- TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas
- TPM, transcripts per million
- UCSC, the University of California Santa Cruz
- ceRNA, the competitive endogenous RNA
- lncRNA, long non-coding RNA
- miRNA, microRNA
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Song GQ, He TL, Ji KJ, Duan YM, Zhang JW, Hu GQ. SKA1/2/3 is a biomarker of poor prognosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1038925. [PMID: 36439516 PMCID: PMC9684634 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1038925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spindle and kinetochore-associated complex subunits 1-3 (SKA1-3) stabilize the kinetochore-attached spindle microtubules in metaphase. Due to the dysregulation in multiple cancers, SKA1-3 is considered a predictor for the prognosis of the patients. However, the potential clinical applications of SKA1-3, particularly in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prognosis and progression, have completely unknown yet. METHODS For the analysis of SKA1-3 expression and applications in clinics in HCC patients, several databases, such as STRING, UALCAN, GEO, and TCGA, were searched. In addition, the underlying mechanisms of SKA for the regulation of HCC occurrence, development, and progression were also explored. RESULTS Compared to the normal controls, HCC patients showed dramatically elevated SKA1-3 expression at the mRNA level, and the values of the area under the curve (AUC) were 0.982, 0.887, and 0.973, respectively. Increased SKA1-3 expression levels were associated with the clinical stage, age, body mass index, tumor grade, tissue subtype, and Tp53 mutation status in HCC patients. The analyses of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) and Gene ontology (GO) demonstrated that SKA1-3 are enriched mainly in the Fanconi anemia, homologous recombination, spliceosome, DNA replication, and cell cycle signaling pathways. The hub genes, such as CDK1, CCNB1, CCNA2, TOP2A, BUB1, AURKB, CCNB2, BUB1B, NCAPG, and KIF11, were identified in protein-protein interactions (PPIs). The expression levels of hub genes were increased in HCC patients and predictive of a poor prognosis. Finally, the expression levels of SKA1-3 were determined using the GEO database. CONCLUSIONS SKA1-3 are potential prognostic biomarkers of and targets for HCC. In addition, SKA1-3 may affect HCC prognosis via the Fanconi anemia pathway, homologous recombination, spliceosome, DNA replication, and cell cycle signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qiang Song
- Department of Respiratory, Changxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huzhou, China
| | - Tian-Li He
- Department of Radiotherapy, Changxing People’s Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Ke-Jie Ji
- Department of Respiratory, Changxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huzhou, China
| | - Yi-Meng Duan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Changxing People’s Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Jia-Wen Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Changxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huzhou, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Hu
- Department of Respiratory, Changxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huzhou, China
- Department of Cancer Center, Changxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huzhou, China
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Arnason TG, MacDonald-Dickinson V, Gaunt MC, Davies GF, Lobanova L, Trost B, Gillespie ZE, Waldner M, Baldwin P, Borrowman D, Marwood H, Vizeacoumar FS, Vizeacoumar FJ, Eskiw CH, Kusalik A, Harkness TAA. Activation of the Anaphase Promoting Complex Reverses Multiple Drug Resistant Cancer in a Canine Model of Multiple Drug Resistant Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174215. [PMID: 36077749 PMCID: PMC9454423 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Multiple drug resistant cancers develop all too soon in patients who received successful cancer treatment. A lack of treatment options often leaves palliative care as the last resort. We tested whether the insulin sensitizer, metformin, known to have anti-cancer activity, could impact canines with drug resistant lymphoma when added to chemotherapy. All canines in the study expressed protein markers of drug resistance and within weeks of receiving metformin, the markers were decreased. A microarray was performed, and from four canines assessed, a common set of 290 elevated genes were discovered in tumor cells compared to control cells. This cluster was enriched with genes that stall the cell cycle, with a large component representing substrates of the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC), which degrades proteins. One canine entered partial remission. RNAs from this canine showed that APC substrates were decreased during remission and elevated again during relapse, suggesting that the APC was impaired in drug resistant canines and restored when remission occurred. We validated our results in cell lines using APC inhibitors and activators. We conclude that the APC may be a vital guardian of the genome and could delay the onset of multiple drug resistance when activated. Abstract Like humans, canine lymphomas are treated by chemotherapy cocktails and frequently develop multiple drug resistance (MDR). Their shortened clinical timelines and tumor accessibility make canines excellent models to study MDR mechanisms. Insulin-sensitizers have been shown to reduce the incidence of cancer in humans prescribed them, and we previously demonstrated that they also reverse and delay MDR development in vitro. Here, we treated canines with MDR lymphoma with metformin to assess clinical and tumoral responses, including changes in MDR biomarkers, and used mRNA microarrays to determine differential gene expression. Metformin reduced MDR protein markers in all canines in the study. Microarrays performed on mRNAs gathered through longitudinal tumor sampling identified a 290 gene set that was enriched in Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) substrates and additional mRNAs associated with slowed mitotic progression in MDR samples compared to skin controls. mRNAs from a canine that went into remission showed that APC substrate mRNAs were decreased, indicating that the APC was activated during remission. In vitro validation using canine lymphoma cells selected for resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs confirmed that APC activation restored MDR chemosensitivity, and that APC activity was reduced in MDR cells. This supports the idea that rapidly pushing MDR cells that harbor high loads of chromosome instability through mitosis, by activating the APC, contributes to improved survival and disease-free duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terra G. Arnason
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Correspondence: (T.G.A.); (T.A.A.H.)
| | - Valerie MacDonald-Dickinson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Matthew Casey Gaunt
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Gerald F. Davies
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Liubov Lobanova
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Brett Trost
- Department of Computer Science, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Zoe E. Gillespie
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Matthew Waldner
- Department of Computer Science, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Paige Baldwin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Devon Borrowman
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Hailey Marwood
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Frederick S. Vizeacoumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Franco J. Vizeacoumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | | | - Anthony Kusalik
- Department of Computer Science, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Troy A. A. Harkness
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Correspondence: (T.G.A.); (T.A.A.H.)
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Cai C, Zhang Y, Hu X, Yang S, Ye J, Wei Z, Chu T. Spindle and Kinetochore-associated Family Genes are Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2022; 10:627-641. [PMID: 36062274 PMCID: PMC9396317 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2021.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent malignant tumors. Spindle and kinetochore-associated (SKA) family genes are essential for the maintenance of the metaphase plate and spindle checkpoint silencing during mitosis. Recent studies have indicated that dysregulation of SKA family genes induces tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and chemoresistance via modulation of cell cycle and DNA replication. However, the differential transcription of SKAs in the context of HCC and its prognostic significance has not been demonstrated. METHODS Bioinformatics analyses were performed using TCGA, ONCOMINE, HCCDB, Kaplan-Meier plotter, STRING, GEPIA databases. qRT-PCR, western blot, and functional assays were utilized for in vitro experiments. RESULTS We found remarkable upregulation of transcripts of SKA family genes in HCC samples compared with normal liver samples on bioinformatics analyses and in vitro validation. Interaction analysis and enrichment analysis showed that SKA family members were mainly related to microtubule motor activity, mitosis, and cell cycle. Immuno-infiltration analysis showed a correlation of all SKA family genes with various immune cell subsets, especially T helper 2 (Th2) cells. Transcriptional levels of SKA family members were positively associated with histologic grade, T stage, and α-fetoprotein in HCC patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated a strong predictive ability of SKA1/2/3 for HCC. Increased expression of these SKAs was associated with unfavorable overall survival, progression-free survival, and disease-specific survival. On Cox proportional hazards regression analyses, SKA1 upregulation and pathological staging were independent predictors of overall survival and disease-specific survival of HCC patients. Finally, clinical tissue microarray validation and in vitro functional assays revealed SKA1 acts an important regulatory role in tumor malignant behavior. CONCLUSIONS SKA family members may potentially serve as diagnostic and prognostic markers in the context of HCC. The correlation between SKAs and immune cell infiltration provides a promising research direction for SKA-targeted immunotherapeutics for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tongwei Chu
- Correspondence to: Tongwei Chu, Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No.83 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400037, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0309-7082. Tel: +86-13708388336, E-mail:
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Zhou C, Wu F, Liang M, Li J, Shao Y. Anti-Programmed Death Protein-1 (PD-1) Antibody Combined with Paclitaxel Exert Anti-Cancer Effect on Cervical Cancer Cells. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.3084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic effect of combined drugs on cervical cancer has been confirmed. Whether anti-PD-1 antibody combined with paclitaxel mediates the PI3K-Akt pathway to regulate cervical cancer still requires further research. 20 nude mice received subcutaneous administration of Hela cells
to establish cervical cancer model which was then assigned into blank control group, control group A (PD-1 antibody (5 mg/ kg) administration), control group B (paclitaxel), and observation group (PD-1 antibody combined with paclitaxel) followed by analysis of cell proliferation, apoptosis,
expression of PI3K-Akt signaling proteins and mRNAs. Observation group had lowest tumor size, highest cell proliferation inhibition rate and apoptosis, which were all reversed in blank group with a largest tumor size, lowest cell proliferation inhibition rate and cell apoptosis. There were
no differences between control group A and control group B (P > 0.05). The expressions of PI3K, Akt, p53, and p21 proteins were lowest in observation group and highest in blank group. In addition, control group showed no difference to control group B (P > 0.05). In conclusion,
anti-PD-1 antibody combined with paclitaxel inhibits PI3K-Akt signaling activity, thereby downregulating PI3K, Akt, p53, and p21 protein, controlling cervical cancer cell division, promoting cell apoptosis, and exerting anti-tumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhou
- Union Jiangnan Hospital, First People’s Hospital of Jiangxia District, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Union Jiangnan Hospital, First People’s Hospital of Jiangxia District, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Mengjie Liang
- Union Jiangnan Hospital, First People’s Hospital of Jiangxia District, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Union Jiangnan Hospital, First People’s Hospital of Jiangxia District, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Yuping Shao
- Union Jiangnan Hospital, First People’s Hospital of Jiangxia District, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, China
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Kiyama T, Chen CK, Zhang A, Mao CA. Differential Susceptibility of Retinal Neurons to the Loss of Mitochondrial Biogenesis Factor Nrf1. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142203. [PMID: 35883647 PMCID: PMC9321222 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The retina, the accessible part of the central nervous system, has served as a model system to study the relationship between energy utilization and metabolite supply. When the metabolite supply cannot match the energy demand, retinal neurons are at risk of death. As the powerhouse of eukaryotic cells, mitochondria play a pivotal role in generating ATP, produce precursors for macromolecules, maintain the redox homeostasis, and function as waste management centers for various types of metabolic intermediates. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathologies of a number of degenerative retinal diseases. It is well known that photoreceptors are particularly vulnerable to mutations affecting mitochondrial function due to their high energy demand and susceptibility to oxidative stress. However, it is unclear how defective mitochondria affect other retinal neurons. Nuclear respiratory factor 1 (Nrf1) is the major transcriptional regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, and loss of Nrf1 leads to defective mitochondria biogenesis and eventually cell death. Here, we investigated how different retinal neurons respond to the loss of Nrf1. We provide in vivo evidence that the disruption of Nrf1-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis results in a slow, progressive degeneration of all retinal cell types examined, although they present different sensitivity to the deletion of Nrf1, which implicates differential energy demand and utilization, as well as tolerance to mitochondria defects in different neuronal cells. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis on rod-specific Nrf1 deletion uncovered a previously unknown role of Nrf1 in maintaining genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takae Kiyama
- Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 6431 Fannin St., MSB 7.024, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (T.K.); (A.Z.)
| | - Ching-Kang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Annie Zhang
- Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 6431 Fannin St., MSB 7.024, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (T.K.); (A.Z.)
| | - Chai-An Mao
- Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 6431 Fannin St., MSB 7.024, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (T.K.); (A.Z.)
- The MD Anderson Cancer Center/UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence:
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Xu H, Chen G, Niu Q, Song K, Feng Z, Han Z. SKA3 promotes cell growth via the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β and PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 pathways and is a potential prognostic biomarker for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2022; 134:599-614. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wang C, Liu S, Zhang X, Wang Y, Guan P, Bu F, Wang H, Wang D, Fan Y, Hou S, Qiu Z. SKA3 is a prognostic biomarker and associated with immune infiltration in bladder cancer. Hereditas 2022; 159:20. [PMID: 35546682 PMCID: PMC9092687 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-022-00234-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spindle and kinetochore‑associated complex subunit 3 (SKA3) has recently been considered a key regulator of carcinogenesis. However, the connection between SKA3 and immune cell infiltration remains unknown. METHODS The current study investigated the expression mode, prognostic effect, and functional role of SKA3 in different tumors, particularly bladder cancer using numerous databases, comprising TIMER, GEPIA, HPA, UALCAN, PrognoScan, and Kaplan-Meier Plotter. Differentially expressed gene and enrichment analyses were implemented on SKA3 using R packages "edgR" and "clusterProfiler". Immunohistochemistry was further used to validate the expression of SKA3 gene in bladder cancer. Following that, the relevance of SKA3 expression to immune infiltration level in bladder cancer was evaluated using TIMER. RESULTS Overall, the level of SKA3 expression in tumor tissue significantly increased than in normal tissue. In bladder cancer and other tumors, patients with high SKA3 expression levels had worse overall survival (OS) (p = 0.016), disease-specific survival (DSS) (p = 0.00004), and disease-free survival (DFS) (p = 0.032). Additionally, the major molecular functions for SKA3 included nuclear division, mitotic nuclear division, mitotic sister chromatid segregation, humoral immune response, and cell chemotaxis. Additionally, SKA3 expression was found to be positively associated with enhanced M2 macrophage and T helper (Th) 2 cell infiltration in bladder cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our study implies that SKA3 contributes to M2 macrophage and Th2 cell polarization by acting as an oncogene in bladder cancer. SKA3 might be a novel biomarker for evaluating prognosis and immune infiltration in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Wang
- Department of Urology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, 266071, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Department of Urology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, 266071, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xinhong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, 266071, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, 266071, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Guan
- Department of Urology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, 266071, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fanyou Bu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, 266071, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, 266071, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Dawen Wang
- Department of Urology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, 266071, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of Urology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, 266071, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Sichuan Hou
- Department of Urology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, 266071, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhilei Qiu
- Department of Urology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, 266071, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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Lin Y, An J, Zhuo X, Qiu Y, Xie W, Yao W, Yin D, Wu L, Lei D, Li C, Xie Y, Hu A, Li S. Integrative Multi-Omics Analysis of Identified SKA3 as a Candidate Oncogene Correlates with Poor Prognosis and Immune Infiltration in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:4635-4647. [PMID: 35535142 PMCID: PMC9078431 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s359987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuansheng Lin
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong An
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingli Zhuo
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingzhuo Qiu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Xie
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Yao
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Yin
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linpeng Wu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dian Lei
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenghui Li
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanguang Xie
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ahu Hu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ahu Hu; Shengjun Li, Department of emergency and critical care medicine, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, No. 1 Lijiang Road, Suzhou, 215000, People’s Republic of China, Email ;
| | - Shengjun Li
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Yu S, Ma J. Spindle and Kinetochore-Associated Complex is Associated With Poor Prognosis in Adrenocortical Carcinoma. J Surg Res 2022; 277:50-59. [PMID: 35460921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The spindle and kinetochore-associated (SKA) complex, composed of three subunits (SKA1, SKA2, and SKA3), stabilizes spindle microtubule attachment to the kinetochore (KT) in the middle stage of mitosis. High expression of this complex is associated with poor prognosis for several tumors. However, the potential role of SKA complex overexpression in rare malignant diseases, such as adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), has not been well investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we used several databases to explore the relationship between SKA subunit expression and prognosis in ACC patients. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) databases were used to analyze enriched pathways in ACC. RESULTS The results suggest that each of the three SKA subunits are overexpressed in ACC and that high expression is correlated with poor patient prognosis. Overexpression of the SKA complex is associated with the expression of organelle fission, nuclear division, and chromosome segregation pathways. Furthermore, differential expression of hub genes for proteins that interact physically or functionally with the SKA complex (CCNB2, UBE2C, BUB1B, TPX2, CCNA2, CDCA8, CCNB1, MELK, TOP2A, and KIF2C) revealed additional potential biomarkers for ACC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide additional understanding of the mechanisms of ACC and suggest an approach for biomarker discovery using publicly available resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoukai Yu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital and Clinical Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital and Clinical Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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21
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Zhang C, Zhao S, Tan Y, Pan S, An W, Chen Q, Wang X, Xu H. The SKA3-DUSP2 Axis Promotes Gastric Cancer Tumorigenesis and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Activating the MAPK/ERK Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:777612. [PMID: 35295342 PMCID: PMC8918524 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.777612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Spindle and kinetochore-related complex subunit 3 (SKA3), a member of the SKA family of proteins, is associated with the progression of multiple cancers. However, the role of SKA3 in gastric cancer has not been studied.Methods: The expression levels of SKA3 and dual-specificity phosphatase 2 (DUSP2) proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry. The effects of SKA3 and DUSP2 on the proliferation, migration, invasion, adhesion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of gastric cancer were studied in vitro and in vivo.Results: Immunohistochemical analysis of 164 cases of gastric cancer revealed that high expression of SKA3 was negatively correlated with DUSP2 expression and related to N stage, peritoneal metastasis, and poor prognosis. In vitro studies showed that silencing SKA3 expression inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion, adhesion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of gastric cancer. In vivo experiments showed that silencing SKA3 inhibited tumor growth and peritoneal metastasis. Mechanistically, SKA3 negative regulates the tumor suppressor DUSP2 and activates the MAPK/ERK pathway to promote gastric cancer.Conclusion: Our results indicate that the SKA3-DUSP2-ERK1/2 axis is involved in the regulation of gastric cancer progression, and SKA3 is a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shutao Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuen Tan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastric Cancer Molecular Pathology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Siwei Pan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastric Cancer Molecular Pathology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Wen An
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastric Cancer Molecular Pathology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingchuan Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastric Cancer Molecular Pathology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xudong Wang, ; Huimian Xu,
| | - Huimian Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastric Cancer Molecular Pathology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xudong Wang, ; Huimian Xu,
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22
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Yu S. Overexpression of SKA Complex Is Associated With Poor Prognosis in Gliomas. Front Neurol 2022; 12:755681. [PMID: 35095717 PMCID: PMC8791909 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.755681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The spindle and kinetochore-associated complex is composed of three members: SKA1, SKA2, and SKA3. It is necessary for stabilizing spindle microtubules attaching to kinetochore (KT) in the middle stage of mitosis. The SKA complex is associated with poor prognosis in several human cancers. However, the role of SKA complex in rare malignant diseases, such as gliomas, has not been fully investigated. We investigated several databases, including Oncomine, UALCAN, and cBioPortal to explore the expression profile and prognostic significance of SKA complex in patients with gliomas. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome pathways were used to analyze the potential enriched pathways. The genes co-expressed with SKA complex were identified and used for developing a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network using the STRING database. We found a significant overexpression of the mRNA levels of SKA1, SKA2, and SKA3 in patients with glioma patients. Higher expression of SKA1 and SKA3, but not SKA2, was significantly correlated with shorter overall survival of patients with glioma. In glioma, SKA complex was found to be involved in nuclear division, chromosome segregation, and DNA replication. The results of PPI network identified 10 hub genes (CCNB2, UBE2C, BUB1B, TPX2, CCNA2, CCNB1, MELK, TOP2A, PBK, and KIF11), all of which were overexpressed and negatively associated with prognosis of patients with glioma. In conclusion, our study sheds new insights into the biological role and prognostic significance of SKA complex in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoukai Yu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital and Clinical Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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23
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Zhong Y, Zhuang Z, Mo P, Lin M, Gong J, Huang J, Mo H, Lu Y, Huang M. Overexpression of SKA3 correlates with poor prognosis in female early breast cancer. PeerJ 2022; 9:e12506. [PMID: 34993016 PMCID: PMC8675262 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spindle and kinetochore associated complex subunit 3 (SKA3) plays an important role in tumorigenesis and the progression of various tumors. But the relationship between SKA3 and early breast cancer remains unclear. The study aimed to explore the prognostic significance of SKA3 in breast cancer. METHODS In the study, SKA3 expression was initially assessed using the Oncomine database and The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA). Then, we presented validation results for RT-qPCR (quantitative reverse transcription PCR) and ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). The relationship between clinical characteristics and SKA3 expression was assessed by Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis were conducted to evaluate the prognostic value of SKA3. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to screen biological pathways using the TCGA dataset. Besides, single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was utilized to identify immune infiltration cells about SKA3. RESULTS SKA3 mRNA was expressed at high levels in breast cancer tissues compared with normal tissues. Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test showed SKA3 expression was related to age, tumor (T) classification, node (N) classification, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), molecular subtype, and race. RT-qPCR results showed that SKA3 expression was overexpressed in ER, PR status, and molecular subtype in Chinese people. Kaplan-Meier curves implicated that high SKA3 expression was related to a poor prognosis in female early breast cancer patients. Cox regression models showed that high SKA3 expression could be used as an independent risk factor for female early breast cancer. Four signaling pathways were enriched in the high SKA3 expression group, including mTORC1 signaling pathway, MYC targets v1, mitotic spindle, estrogen response early. Besides, the SKA3 expression level was associate with infiltrating levels of activated CD4 T cells and eosinophils in breast cancer. CONCLUSION High SKA3 expression correlates with poor prognosis and immune infiltrates in breast cancer. SKA3 may become a biomarker for the prognosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhong
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,College of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenjie Zhuang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiju Mo
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mandi Lin
- Galactophore Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqian Gong
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiarong Huang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Mo
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuyun Lu
- Galactophore Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Huang
- Galactophore Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Feng D, Zhang F, Liu L, Xiong Q, Xu H, Wei W, Liu Z, Yang L. SKA3 Serves as a Biomarker for Poor Prognosis in Kidney Renal Papillary Cell Carcinoma. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:8591-8602. [PMID: 34849004 PMCID: PMC8627265 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s336799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is a surprising paucity of studies investigating the potential mechanism of SKA3 in the progression and prognosis of kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP). Methods We used TCGA and other databases to analyze the expression, clinical value, and potential mechanisms of SKA3 in KIRP patients. We also explored therapeutic agents for KIRP through GSCALite. Results SKA3 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated and the area under the curve was 0.792 (95% CI 0.727–0.856). Increased SKA3 expression was related to shorter overall survival, disease-specific survival and progression-free survival. Hub genes in protein–protein interactions were CDK1, CDC20, CCNB1, CCNA2, BUB1, AURKB, BUB1B, PLK1, CCNB2, and MAD2L1, which were differentially expressed and also associated with KIRP prognosis. Gene-set enrichment analysis indicated that E2F targets, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, glycolysis, the WNT signaling pathway, and other pathways were highly enriched upon SKA3 upregulation. Gene-set variation analysis of SKA3 and its ten hub genes showed that the significant correlation of cancer-related pathways included the cell cycle, DNA damage, hormone androgen receptor, hormone estrogen receptor, PI3K/Akt, and Ras/MAPK. In addition, we found that MEK inhibitors, ie, trametinib, selumetinib, PD0325901, and RDEA119, may be feasible targeting agents for KIRP patients. Conclusion SKA3 might contribute to poor prognosis of KIRP through cell cycle, DNA damage, hormone androgen receptor, hormone estrogen receptor, PI3K/Akt, and RAS/MAPK. SKA3 potentially serves as a prognostic biomarker and target for KIRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechao Feng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Facai Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Xiong
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Xu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuran Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghua Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
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Ding J, He X, Wang J, Cao G, Chen S, Yuan L, Chen B, Xiong M. Integrative analysis of prognostic value and immune infiltration of spindle and kinetochore-associated family members in breast cancer. Bioengineered 2021; 12:10905-10923. [PMID: 34845974 PMCID: PMC8809973 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1995576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Spindle and kinetochore associated (SKA) complex subunit, which maintains the stability of mitotic metaphase, with emerging research implying its effect as a carcinogenic regulator in cancer. However, its potential role in BC has not been fully elucidated. ONCOMINE, UALCAN, GEPIA, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, cBioPortal and TIMER databases were performed to analyze the expression, prognosis, mutation, immune infiltration and potential biological mechanisms of SKA1/2/3 in BC. Our results showed that SKA1/2/3 expression was upregulated in BC. Survival analysis reveals that SKA3 overexpression was associated with poor overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival (RFS), post-progression survival (PPS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS). SKA1 overexpression was associated with poor OS, RFS and DMFS while SKA2 overexpression was only associated with RFS and DMFS. Notably, the results implied that SKA1 has a good prognostic value in HER2-positive BC. Besides, the genetic alterations of SKA were investigated and the altered group correlated with shorter progress-free survival (PFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). GO and KEGG analysis showed that SKA1/2/3 were implicated in regulating cell cycle, p53 signaling pathway and DNA replication. The 10 Hub genes in the protein network were upregulated in BC and related to poorer prognosis. Additionally, SKA1/2/3 expression was negatively correlated with infiltration of various immune cells with antitumor effects, whereas positively correlated with the expression of immune checkpoints molecules. Further experiments revealed that SKA1/2/3 silencing markedly impeded the proliferation and migration of BC cells. Herein, our study firmly shows that SKA genes may serve as a promising therapeutic target for patients with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Ding
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of General Surgery, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chaohu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaobo He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jinkun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guodong Cao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Sihan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liping Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Maoming Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of General Surgery, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chaohu, Anhui, China
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Bai S, Chen W, Zheng M, Wang X, Peng W, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Xiong S, Cheng B. Spindle and kinetochore-associated complex subunit 3 (SKA3) promotes stem cell-like properties of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through activating Notch signaling pathway. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1361. [PMID: 34733913 PMCID: PMC8506556 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-1572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Cancer stemness contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) initiation, metastasis, drug resistance, and recurrence. The spindle and kinetochore-associated (SKA) complex has been shown to be involved in tumor progression; however, its effects on cancer stem cell-like properties have not yet been examined. This research sought to study each subunit of the SKA complex in HCC systematically. Methods Bioinformatic analyses were carried out to examine the expression and clinical data of the SKA complex’s each subunit in HCC. The expression of the target genes was detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays. Clone formation and Transwell assays were performed to assess the proliferation and migration abilities of the SKA complex’s each subunit. Sphere formation assays and subcutaneous xenograft experiments were performed to investigate the effects of SKA complex subunit 3 (SKA3) on the self-renewal and tumorigenic abilities of HCC. Results Each subunit of the SKA complex was highly expressed in HCC, but only SKA complex subunit 1 (SKA1) and SKA3 were associated with the poor overall survival of HCC patients. Additionally, the HCC cells overexpressing SKA3 exhibited increased migration, invasion, proliferation, self-renewal, Sorafenib resistance and tumorigenic abilities. Notch signaling played a vital role in the process by which SKA3 promoted HCC stemness. Conclusions SKA3 promotes HCC stem cell-like properties via the Notch signaling pathway. As SKA3 appears to act as a regulator of stemness in HCC, it might be a potential molecular target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengli Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiju Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Digestive Endoscopy, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wang Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuchong Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Si Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Wu Y, Dai F, Zhang Y, Zheng X, Li L, Zhang Y, Cao J, Gao W. miR-1207-5p suppresses laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma progression by downregulating SKA3 and inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2021; 22:152-165. [PMID: 34514096 PMCID: PMC8416975 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is the second most common head and neck cancer. Previously, we discovered that miR-1207-5p was downregulated in LSCC. In this study, the clinical significance, function, and mechanism of miR-1207-5p in LSCC were investigated. Downregulation of miR-1207-5p was found to be strongly linked to the malignant progression of LSCC. Functional studies revealed that miR-1207-5p upregulation suppressed LSCC cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and xenograft tumor growth. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that miR-1207-5p target genes were involved in cell cycle regulation, proliferation, adhesion, and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. Mechanistic studies revealed that miR-1207-5p interacts directly with the 3′ untranslated region of spindle and kinetochore associated complex subunit 3 (SKA3) and downregulates SKA3 expression. Furthermore, SKA3 was found to be overexpressed in LSCC, and its high expression was associated with tumor progression and a poor prognosis. Rescue experiments demonstrated that miR-1207-5p inhibited the malignant phenotypes of LSCC via SKA3. Furthermore, miR-1207-5p upregulation or knockdown of SKA3 inhibited the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Collectively, miR-1207-5p inhibited LSCC malignant progression by downregulating SKA3 and preventing EMT. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism of LSCC progression, as well as new potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for LSCC diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Wu
- General Hospital, Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Fengsheng Dai
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuliang Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiwang Zheng
- General Hospital, Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cell biology and Genetics, Basic Medical School of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jimin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Wei Gao
- General Hospital, Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.,Department of Cell biology and Genetics, Basic Medical School of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
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Hub Genes and Key Pathways of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Bioinformatics Analysis and Validation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5340449. [PMID: 34545328 PMCID: PMC8449732 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5340449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective To identify significant pathways and genes in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) based on bioinformatics analysis. Design The GEO database was used to download the GSE124272 dataset. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using Limma package in R language. Then, gene ontologies (GO), Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were used to further identify hub genes. The mRNA expression levels of top six hub genes were verified. Results We found 563 DEGs, of which 214 were upregulated and 349 were downregulated. The top 5 GO terms and pathways were shown including immune response, cell cycle, and p53 pathway. Based on the PPI analysis, we verified the mRNA expression levels of 6 hub genes. The mRNA levels of CHEK1, CDCA2, SKA3, and KIF20A were upregulated in degenerative NP tissue than in healthy NP tissue. However, the mRNA level of BUB1 and SPC25 was downregulated. Conclusions This study may provide new biomarkers for the IDD and treatments to repair IDD related to CHEK1, CDCA2, SKA3, BUB1, KIF20A, and SPC25.
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Integrative Transcriptome Profiling Reveals SKA3 as a Novel Prognostic Marker in Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184673. [PMID: 34572901 PMCID: PMC8470398 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 80% of all new bladder cancer patients are diagnosed with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). However, approximately 15% of them progress to muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), for which prognosis is poor. The current study aimed to improve diagnostic accuracy associated with clinical outcomes in NMIBC patients. Nevertheless, it has been challenging to identify molecular biomarkers that accurately predict MIBC progression because this disease is complex and heterogeneous. Through integrative transcriptome profiling, we showed that high SKA3 expression is associated with poor clinical outcomes and MIBC progression. We performed RNA sequencing on human tumor tissues to identify candidate biomarkers in NMIBC. We then selected genes with prognostic significance by analyzing public datasets from multiple cohorts of bladder cancer patients. We found that SKA3 was associated with NMIBC pathophysiology and poor survival. We analyzed public single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data for bladder cancer to dissect transcriptional tumor heterogeneity. SKA3 was expressed in an epithelial cell subpopulation expressing genes regulating the cell cycle. Knockdown experiments confirmed that SKA3 promotes bladder cancer cell proliferation by accelerating G2/M transition. Hence, SKA3 is a new prognostic marker for predicting NMIBC progression. Its inhibition could form part of a novel treatment lowering the probability of bladder cancer progression.
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Xie L, Cheng S, Fan Z, Sang H, Li Q, Wu S. SKA3, negatively regulated by miR-128-3p, promotes the progression of non-small-cell lung cancer. Per Med 2021; 19:193-205. [PMID: 34533066 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2020-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the effects of SKA3 on cell proliferation and metastasis in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its underlying mechanism. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was employed to analyze the expression of SKA3 in NSCLC. CCK-8 assay, EdU assay, Transwell assay and flow cytometry analysis were employed to assess cell proliferation, metastatic potential and apoptosis in vitro, respectively. A lung metastasis model was used to evaluate metastasis of NSCLC cells in vivo. A luciferase reporter gene assay was conducted to verify the targeting relationship. Results: SKA3 exhibited high expression in NSCLC tissues and cells. Overexpression of SKA3 remarkably accelerated cell proliferation and metastasis and suppressed apoptosis of NSCLC cells and promoted lung metastasis in a mouse model. miR-128-3p repressed SKA3 expression by targeting it. Conclusion: miR-128-3p inhibited the progression of NSCLC through targeting SKA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Xie
- Department of Foundation Courses, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Shaofei Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201308, China
| | - Zhengyang Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201308, China
| | - Hongyang Sang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201308, China
| | - Qianping Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201308, China
| | - Song Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201308, China
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Liang Y, Zheng Y, Mou K, Han D, Wang L, Ge R, Meng A. Inhibition of spindle and kinetochore associated complex subunit 3 suppresses the proliferation and invasion and induced the apoptosis of cutaneous melanoma by affecting the PI3K/Akt pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22895. [PMID: 34423490 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Spindle and kinetochore-associated complex subunit 3 (SKA3) is reportedly a key contributor to the progression of various cancers. The present work aimed to evaluate the possible role of SKA3 in cutaneous melanoma (CM). A high SKA3 level was found in CM tissues and predicted a poor prognosis. SKA3 silencing markedly repressed the proliferation, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition and induced the apoptosis of CM cells. SKA3 silencing decreased the phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt. Akt inhibition markedly reversed SKA3 overexpression-induced oncogenic effects on CM cells. SKA3 silencing significantly prohibited the formation and growth of CM-derived xenograft tumors in nude mice in vivo. Our findings demonstrated SKA3 inhibition repressed the progression of CM by downregulating the PI3K/Akt pathway. This study indicates that SKA3 has potential as an anticancer candidate for CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kuanhou Mou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan Han
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Ge
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Anfeng Meng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Municipal People's Hospital of Baoji, Baoji, China
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Antiproliferative effect of bacterial cyclodipeptides in the HeLa line of human cervical cancer reveals multiple protein kinase targeting, including mTORC1/C2 complex inhibition in a TSC1/2-dependent manner. Apoptosis 2021; 25:632-647. [PMID: 32617785 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-020-01619-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cervix adenocarcinoma rendered by human papillomavirus (HPV) integration is an aggressive cancer that occurs by dysregulation of multiple pathways, including oncogenes, proto-oncogenes, and tumor suppressors. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, which cross-talks with the Ras-ERK pathway, has been associated with cervical cancers (CC), which includes signaling pathways related to carcinoma aggressiveness, metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance. Since bacterial cyclodipeptides (CDPs) possess cytotoxic properties in HeLa cells with inhibiting Akt/S6k phosphorylation, the mechanism of CDPs cytotoxicity involved was deepened. Results showed that the antiproliferative effect of CDPs occurred by blocking the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, inhibiting the mTORC1/mTORC2 complexes in a TSC1/TSC2-dependent manner. In addition, the CDPs blocked protein kinases from multiple signaling pathways involved in survival, proliferation, invasiveness, apoptosis, autophagy, and energy metabolism, such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK1/2, PI3K/JNK/PKA, p27Kip1/CDK1/survivin, MAPK, HIF-1, Wnt/β-catenin, HSP27, EMT, CSCs, and receptors, such as EGF/ErbB2/HGF/Met. Thus, the antiproliferative effect of the CDPs made it possible to identify the crosstalk of the signaling pathways involved in HeLa cell malignancy and to suggest that bacterial CDPs may be considered as a potential anti-neoplastic drug in human cervical adenocarcinoma therapy.
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Bhummaphan N, Pin-On P, Phiboonchaiyanan PP, Siriluksana J, Aporntewan C, Chanvorachote P, Mutirangura A. Targeting multiple genes containing long mononucleotide A-T repeats in lung cancer stem cells. J Transl Med 2021; 19:231. [PMID: 34059086 PMCID: PMC8166091 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02902-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intratumour heterogeneous gene expression among cancer and cancer stem cells (CSCs) can cause failure of current targeted therapies because each drug aims to target the function of a single gene. Long mononucleotide A-T repeats are cis-regulatory transcriptional elements that control many genes, increasing the expression of numerous genes in various cancers, including lung cancer. Therefore, targeting A-T repeats may dysregulate many genes driving cancer development. Here, we tested a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligo containing a long A-repeat sequence [A(15)] to disrupt the transcriptional control of the A-T repeat in lung cancer and CSCs. METHODS First, we separated CSCs from parental lung cancer cell lines. Then, we evaluated the role of A-T repeat gene regulation by counting the number of repeats in differentially regulated genes between CSCs and the parental cells of the CSCs. After testing the dosage and effect of PNA-A15 on normal and cancer cell toxicity and CSC phenotypes, we analysed genome-wide expression to identify dysregulated genes in CSCs. RESULTS The number of A-T repeats in genes differentially regulated between CSCs and parental cells differed. PNA-A15 was toxic to lung cancer cells and CSCs but not to noncancer cells. Finally, PNA-A15 dysregulated a number of genes in lung CSCs. CONCLUSION PNA-A15 is a promising novel targeted therapy agent that targets the transcriptional control activity of multiple genes in lung CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumol Bhummaphan
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Genetic of Cancer and Human Disease, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Cell-Based Drug and Health Product Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piyapat Pin-On
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Genetic of Cancer and Human Disease, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Applied Biosciences, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
| | - Preeyaporn Plaimee Phiboonchaiyanan
- Cell-Based Drug and Health Product Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jirattha Siriluksana
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Genetic of Cancer and Human Disease, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chatchawit Aporntewan
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Omics Sciences and Bioinformatics Center, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Cell-Based Drug and Health Product Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Apiwat Mutirangura
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Genetic of Cancer and Human Disease, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Transcript levels of spindle and kinetochore-associated complex 1/3 as prognostic biomarkers correlated with immune infiltrates in hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11165. [PMID: 34045512 PMCID: PMC8160131 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89628-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The spindle and kinetochore-associated protein complex (Ska) is an essential component in chromosome segregation. It comprises three proteins (Ska1, Ska2, and Ska3) with theorized roles in chromosomal instability and tumor development, and its overexpression has been widely reported in a variety of tumors. However, the prognostic significance and immune infiltration of Ska proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are not completely understood. The bioinformatics tools Oncomine, UALCAN, gene expression profiling interactive analysis 2 (GEPIA2), cBioPortal, GeneMANIA, Metascape, and TIMER were used to analyze differential expression, prognostic value, genetic alteration, and immune cell infiltration of the Ska protein complex in HCC patients. We found that the mRNA expression of the Ska complex was markedly upregulated in HCC. High expression of the Ska complex is closely correlated with tumor stage, patient race, tumor grade, and TP53 mutation status. In addition, high expression of the Ska complex was significantly correlated with poor disease-free survival, while the high expression levels of Ska1 and Ska3 were associated with shorter overall survival. The biological functions of the Ska complex in HCC primarily involve the amplification of signals from kinetochores, the mitotic spindle, and (via a MAD2 invasive signal) unattached kinetochores. Furthermore, the expression of the complex was positively correlated with tumor-infiltrating cells. These results may provide new insights into the development of immunotherapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for HCC.
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Dai Z, Liu P. High copy number variations, particular transcription factors, and low immunity contribute to the stemness of prostate cancer cells. J Transl Med 2021; 19:206. [PMID: 33985534 PMCID: PMC8117623 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02870-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor metastasis is the main cause of death of cancer patients, and cancer stem cells (CSCs) is the basis of tumor metastasis. However, systematic analysis of the stemness of prostate cancer cells is still not abundant. In this study, we explore the effective factors related to the stemness of prostate cancer cells by comprehensively mining the multi-omics data from TCGA database. Methods Based on the prostate cancer transcriptome data in TCGA, gene expression modules that strongly relate to the stemness of prostate cancer cells are obtained with WGCNA and stemness scores. Copy number variation of stemness genes of prostate cancer is calculated and the difference of transcription factors between prostate cancer and normal tissues is evaluated by using CNV (copy number variation) data and ATAC-seq data. The protein interaction network of stemness genes in prostate cancer is constructed using the STRING database. Meanwhile, the correlation between stemness genes of prostate cancer and immune cells is analyzed. Results Prostate cancer with higher Gleason grade possesses higher cell stemness. The gene set highly related to prostate cancer stemness has higher CNV in prostate cancer samples than that in normal samples. Although the transcription factors of stemness genes have similar expressions, they have different contributions between normal and prostate cancer tissues; and particular transcription factors enhance the stemness of prostate cancer, such as PUM1, CLOCK, SP1, TCF12, and so on. In addition, the lower tumor immune microenvironment is conducive to the stemness of prostate cancer. CD8 + T cells and M1 macrophages may play more important role in the stemness of prostate cancer than other immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Finally, EZH2 is found to play a central role in stemness genes and is negatively correlated with resting mast cells and positively correlated with activated memory CD4 + T cells. Conclusions Based on the systematic and combined analysis of multi-omics data, we find that high copy number variation, specific transcription factors, and low immune microenvironment jointly contribute to the stemness of prostate cancer cells. These findings may provide us new clues and directions for the future research on stemness of prostate cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-02870-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zao Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Li C, Yang J, Lei S, Wang W. SKA3 promotes glioblastoma proliferation and invasion by enhancing the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling via modulation of the Akt/GSK-3β axis. Brain Res 2021; 1765:147500. [PMID: 33895155 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Spindle and kinetochore-related complex subunit 3 (SKA3) is a key modulator of the progression of multiple tumor types. However, the involvement of SKA3 in glioblastoma (GBM) has not been well studied. The current study aimed to explore the role of SKA3 expression and the potential function of the protein in GBM. Our data showed that SKA3 expression was significantly up-regulated in GBM. Functional assays demonstrated that the knockdown of SKA3 impeded the proliferation, colony formation and invasion of GBM cells, while SKA3 overexpression produced the opposite effects. Further investigation revealed that SKA3 overexpression enhanced the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which was associated with the enhanced phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). Notably, the inhibition of Akt markedly abrogated the SKA3 overexpression-induced promotion of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in GBM cells. Further, the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling markedly abrogated the SKA3 overexpression-induced promotion of tumor growth. In addition, the knockdown of SKA3 significantly retarded tumor formation and GBM progression in vivo. In summary, these data demonstrate that SKA3 exerts promotes tumor growth in GBM by enhancing the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling via modulation of the Akt/GSK-3β axis. This work highlights the pivotal role of SKA3/Akt/GSK-3β/Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the progression of GBM and suggests that SKA3 is an attractive therapeutic target with potential to be used to treat GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuankun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Jingya Yang
- Department of Operation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Sen Lei
- Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, ZiBo Central Hospital, Zibo 255036, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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SKA3 promotes lung adenocarcinoma metastasis through the EGFR-PI3K-Akt axis. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:222162. [PMID: 32068236 PMCID: PMC7048675 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20194335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The processes that lead to lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) metastasis are poorly characterized. Spindle and kinetochore associated complex subunit 3 (SKA3) plays a key role in cervical cancer development, but its contribution to LUAD is unknown. Here, we found that SKA3 is overexpressed in LUAD and its expression correlates with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis. SKA3 silencing experiments identified SKA3 as an oncogene that promotes the metastasis of LUAD cell lines and tissues. SKA3 was found to induce the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, -7, and -9, which activate PI3K–AKT. SKA3 was also found to bind and activate EGFR to activate PI3K–AKT. In summary, we identify a role for SKA3 in LUAD metastasis through its ability to bind EFGR and activate PI3K–AKT signaling.
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Han C, Chen S, Ma H, Wen X, Wang Z, Xu Y, Jin X, Yu X, Wang M. RPN2 Predicts Poor Prognosis and Promotes Bladder Cancer Growth and Metastasis via the PI3K-Akt Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:1643-1657. [PMID: 33727825 PMCID: PMC7953128 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s300480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ribophorin II (RPN2) is a highly conserved glycoprotein involved in the N-linked glycosylation of multiple proteins. RPN2 was reported to be associated with malignant phenotype in several tumors. However, the function of RPN2 in bladder cancer (BCa) remains unclear. Methods Expression of RPN2 in BCa and adjacent tissues was compared by bioinformatics analysis, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. qRT-PCR was performed to explore the correlation between RPN2 expression and various clinical features in 38 patients. We assessed the effects of RPN2 on the biological activity of BCa both in vitro and in vivo, and explored its potential mechanisms based on gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Results We found that RPN2 was highly expressed in human BCa compared with normal adjacent tissues. There was a significant positive correlation between higher RPN2 mRNA levels and tumor T stage, lymph node (LN) metastasis and the degree of pathological differentiation in 38 patients with BCa. We further demonstrated that RPN2 silencing inhibited the growth and metastasis of BCa both in vitro and in vivo. Western blotting revealed that RPN2 knockdown suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inhibited the PI3K-Akt pathway. Conclusion These data suggest that RPN2 functions as an oncogene to promote tumor development and is a promising prognostic factor and therapeutic target in BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Han
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxiao Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangchuan Wen
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zilong Wang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingkun Xu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xunbo Jin
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Muwen Wang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Solé-Martí X, Espona-Noguera A, Ginebra MP, Canal C. Plasma-Conditioned Liquids as Anticancer Therapies In Vivo: Current State and Future Directions. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:452. [PMID: 33504064 PMCID: PMC7865855 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma-conditioned liquids (PCL) are gaining increasing attention in the medical field, especially in oncology, and translation to the clinics is advancing on a good path. This emerging technology involving cold plasmas has great potential as a therapeutic approach in cancer diseases, as PCL have been shown to selectively kill cancer cells by triggering apoptotic mechanisms without damaging healthy cells. In this context, PCL can be injected near the tumor or intratumorally, thereby allowing the treatment of malignant tumors located in internal organs that are not accessible for direct cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) treatment. Therefore, PCL constitutes a very interesting and minimally invasive alternative to direct CAP treatment in cancer therapy, avoiding surgeries and allowing multiple local administrations. As the field advances, it is progressively moving to the evaluation of the therapeutic effects of PCL in in vivo scenarios. Exciting developments are pushing forward the clinical translation of this novel therapy. However, there is still room for research, as the quantification and identification of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in in vivo conditions is not yet clarified, dosage regimens are highly variable among studies, and other more relevant in vivo models could be used. In this context, this work aims to present a critical review of the state of the field of PCL as anticancer agents applied in in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavi Solé-Martí
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department Materials Science and Engineering, Escola d’Enginyeria Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08930 Barcelona, Spain; (X.S.-M.); (A.E.-N.); (M.-P.G.)
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
- Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CREB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Espona-Noguera
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department Materials Science and Engineering, Escola d’Enginyeria Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08930 Barcelona, Spain; (X.S.-M.); (A.E.-N.); (M.-P.G.)
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
- Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CREB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Pau Ginebra
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department Materials Science and Engineering, Escola d’Enginyeria Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08930 Barcelona, Spain; (X.S.-M.); (A.E.-N.); (M.-P.G.)
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
- Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CREB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Canal
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department Materials Science and Engineering, Escola d’Enginyeria Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08930 Barcelona, Spain; (X.S.-M.); (A.E.-N.); (M.-P.G.)
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
- Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CREB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Spindle and kinetochore‑associated complex subunit 3 accelerates breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion through the regulation of Akt/Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 186:247-258. [PMID: 33423159 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-06078-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Spindle and kinetochore‑associated complex subunit 3 (SKA3) has recently been identified as a novel regulator of carcinogenesis in multiple types of cancers. However, the function and potential regulatory mechanisms of SKA3 in breast cancer remain poorly understood. The present study was designed to gain a detailed relevance of SKA3 in breast cancer. METHODS Expression of SKA3 in breast cancer was examined via real-time quantitative PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis. Malignant behaviors of breast cancer cells were investigated via cell counting kit-8, cell apoptosis, and transwell invasion assays. The activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling was monitored via luciferase reporter assay. The tumorigenicity of breast cancer cells in vivo was assessed via xenograft tumor assay. RESULTS SKA3 expression was elevated in breast cancer tissue and was correlated with shorter survival rates in breast cancer patients. Knockdown of SKA3 caused marked reductions in cellular proliferation and invasion in breast cancer cells, whereas SKA3 overexpression accelerated proliferation and invasion. Knockdown of SKA3 resulted in decreased Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3β phosphorylation, and decreased expression of active β-catenin, which lead to the inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Inhibition of Akt significantly reversed the SKA3 overexpression-induced activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling markedly abrogated SKA3 overexpression-induced tumor-promotion effects, while re-activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling significantly reversed SKA3 knockdown-mediated tumor-inhibition effects. Knockdown of SKA3 resulted in a significant decrease in breast cancer tumor formation in vivo. CONCLUSIONS SKA3 accelerates proliferation and invasion in breast cancer through the modulation of Akt/Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Diao W, Zhu C, Guo Q, Cao Y, Song Y, Feng H, Li J, Xue X, Lu P. Tripartite motif‑containing 14 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis in cervical cancer via the Akt signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:5145-5154. [PMID: 33174608 PMCID: PMC7646967 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif‑containing (TRIM) 14 is a protein of the TRIM family. Studies have indicated that TRIM14 may be used as an oncogene in tumor cells, such as osteosarcoma, non‑small cell lung cancer and breast cancer through different pathways. However, the functions of TRIM14 in cervical cancer cells remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the functions of TRIM14 in cervical cancer cells and its underlying mechanism. Caski cells stably expressing TRIM14 and SiHa, and HeLa cells stably expressing TRIM14 short hairpin RNA were constructed by lentivirus‑mediated overexpression or knockdown systems. The effects of TRIM14 on proliferation and apoptosis of cervical cancer cells were detected by Cell Counting Kit‑8 (CCK‑8) assay and flow cytometry, respectively. In addition, reverse transcription‑quantitative (RT‑q) PCR and western blotting were used to investigate the expression levels of TRIM14 and of signaling pathway marker protein including P21, caspase‑3, cleaved caspase‑3, Akt and phosphorylated Akt. The results of RT‑qPCR and western blotting revealed that TRIM14 was highly expressed in human cervical cancer tissues and cell lines compared with adjacent normal tissues and normal cervical epithelial cells. TRIM14 also regulated cell proliferation and apoptosis of human SiHa, HeLa and Caski cervical cancer cell lines through the Akt signaling pathway. Additionally, TRIM14 protein levels were related to the clinical and pathological features of cervical cancer. CCK‑8 assay and flow cytometry demonstrated that TRIM14 expression could promote cervical cancer cell proliferation and autophagy suppression. Taken together, TRIM14‑induced cell proliferation and apoptosis inhibition may by evoked by the activation of the Akt pathway. This study demonstrated the role of TRIM14 in cervical cancer, and reveals its mechanism of action as a potential therapeutic target for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Diao
- Medical Center of Cervical Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Caiying Zhu
- Medical Center of Cervical Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Qisang Guo
- Medical Center of Cervical Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yuankui Cao
- Medical Center of Cervical Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yu Song
- Medical Center of Cervical Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Hua Feng
- Medical Center of Cervical Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Xue
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Pei Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai No. 8 People's Hospital, Shanghai 200235, P.R. China
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Wang L, Muneer A, Xie L, Zhang F, Wu B, Mei L, Lenarcic EM, Feng EH, Song J, Xiong Y, Yu X, Wang C, Gheorghe C, Torralba K, Cook JG, Wan YY, Moorman NJ, Song H, Jin J, Chen X. Novel gene-specific translation mechanism of dysregulated, chronic inflammation reveals promising, multifaceted COVID-19 therapeutics. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020:2020.11.14.382416. [PMID: 33236014 PMCID: PMC7685324 DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.14.382416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hyperinflammation and lymphopenia provoked by SARS-CoV-2-activated macrophages contribute to the high mortality of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Thus, defining host pathways aberrantly activated in patient macrophages is critical for developing effective therapeutics. We discovered that G9a, a histone methyltransferase that is overexpressed in COVID-19 patients with high viral load, activates translation of specific genes that induce hyperinflammation and impairment of T cell function or lymphopenia. This noncanonical, pro-translation activity of G9a contrasts with its canonical epigenetic function. In endotoxin-tolerant (ET) macrophages that mimic conditions which render patients with pre-existing chronic inflammatory diseases vulnerable to severe symptoms, our chemoproteomic approach with a biotinylated inhibitor of G9a identified multiple G9a-associated translation regulatory pathways that were upregulated by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further, quantitative translatome analysis of ET macrophages treated progressively with the G9a inhibitor profiled G9a-translated proteins that unite the networks associated with viral replication and the SARS-CoV-2-induced host response in severe patients. Accordingly, inhibition of G9a-associated pathways produced multifaceted, systematic effects, namely, restoration of T cell function, mitigation of hyperinflammation, and suppression of viral replication. Importantly, as a host-directed mechanism, this G9a-targeted, combined therapeutics is refractory to emerging antiviral-resistant mutants of SARS-CoV-2, or any virus, that hijacks host responses.
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Gao W, Zhang Y, Luo H, Niu M, Zheng X, Hu W, Cui J, Xue X, Bo Y, Dai F, Lu Y, Yang D, Guo Y, Guo H, Li H, Zhang Y, Yang T, Li L, Zhang L, Hou R, Wen S, An C, Ma T, Jin L, Xu W, Wu Y. Targeting SKA3 suppresses the proliferation and chemoresistance of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma via impairing PLK1-AKT axis-mediated glycolysis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:919. [PMID: 33106477 PMCID: PMC7589524 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Spindle and kinetochore-associated complex subunit 3 (SKA3) is a well-known regulator of chromosome separation and cell division, which plays an important role in cell proliferation. However, the mechanism of SKA3 regulating tumor proliferation via reprogramming metabolism is unknown. Here, SKA3 is identified as an oncogene in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), and high levels of SKA3 are closely associated with malignant progression and poor prognosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that SKA3 promotes LSCC cell proliferation and chemoresistance through a novel role of reprogramming glycolytic metabolism. Further studies reveal the downstream mechanisms of SKA3, which can bind and stabilize polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) protein via suppressing ubiquitin-mediated degradation. The accumulation of PLK1 activates AKT and thus upregulates glycolytic enzymes HK2, PFKFB3, and PDK1, resulting in enhancement of glycolysis. Furthermore, our data reveal that phosphorylation at Thr360 of SKA3 is critical for its binding to PLK1 and the increase in glycolysis. Collectively, the novel oncogenic signal axis "SKA3-PLK1-AKT" plays a critical role in the glycolysis of LSCC. SKA3 may serve as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target, providing a potential strategy for proliferation inhibition and chemosensitization in tumors, especially for LSCC patients with PLK1 inhibitor resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yuliang Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Hongjie Luo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Min Niu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiwang Zheng
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Wanglai Hu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Jiajia Cui
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xuting Xue
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yunfeng Bo
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, 030013, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Fengsheng Dai
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, 121001, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Dongli Yang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yujia Guo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Huina Guo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Huizheng Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Dalian Municipal Friendship Hospital, 116100, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Linshi Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Rui Hou
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Shuxin Wen
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China.
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, 030032, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China.
| | - Changming An
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Cancer Institute and Hospital, 100021, Beijing, P.R. China.
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, 101149, Beijing, P.R. China.
| | - Lei Jin
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250022, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China.
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Otolaryngology, 250022, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Ministry of Health, Shandong University, 250022, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China.
| | - Yongyan Wu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China.
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China.
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China.
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China.
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Li S, Li H, Ge W, Song K, Yuan C, Yin R. Effect of miR-184 on Proliferation and Apoptosis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Its Mechanism. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820943237. [PMID: 32914707 PMCID: PMC7488881 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820943237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Previous studies have shown that abnormal expression of microRNA-184 leads to a variety of cancers, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, suggesting microRNA-184 as a new treatment target for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. However, the molecular mechanism of microRNA-184 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains unclear. It is important to investigate the effect and role of microRNA-184 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Methods: The clinical and laboratory inspection data of 120 patients with pancreatic cancer admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University were compared. MicroRNA-184 expression in tumor tissues and cells was evaluated using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Flow cytometry and Annexin V/propidium iodide staining were performed to examine cell cycle and apoptosis. Western blotting analysis was conducted to measure the protein expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT, JNK1, C-Myc, C-Jun, caspase-9, and caspase-3. Results: MicroRNA-184 expression was low in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Survival curve showed that patients with lower expression of microRNA-184 in tumor tissues had a worse prognosis and shorter survival time (P < .05), and the multivariate analysis identified that microRNA-184 was an independent prognostic indicator (P < .05). In vitro studies showed that microRNA-184 overexpression induced apoptosis and suppressed cell cycle transition from G1 to S and G2 phases in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Furthermore, molecular studies revealed that inhibition of microRNA-184 promoted the gene expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT, JNK1, C-Myc, and C-Jun compared with the control group. Overexpression of microRNA-184 led to significantly increased expression of caspase-9 and caspase-3 and significantly decreased expression of Bcl-2. Conclusion: This study suggests that microRNA-184 inhibits the proliferation and promotes the apoptosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells by downregulating the expression of C-Myc, C-Jun, and Bcl-2. Our verification of the role of microRNA-184 may provide a novel biomarker for the diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shentao Li
- Department of Emergency, 533251Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Emergency, 533251Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Weiwei Ge
- Department of Emergency, 533251Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kai Song
- Department of Emergency, 533251Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chunyu Yuan
- Department of Emergency, 533251Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ran Yin
- Department of Emergency, 533251Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Liao Y, Xiao H, Cheng M, Fan X. Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals Biomarkers With Cancer Stem Cell Characteristics in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Genet 2020; 11:427. [PMID: 32528520 PMCID: PMC7247832 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor stem cells play important roles in the survival, proliferation, metastasis and recurrence of tumors. We aimed to identify new prognostic biomarkers for lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) based on the cancer stem cell theory. Methods RNA-seq data and relevant clinical information were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to identify significant modules and hub genes, and prognostic signatures were constructed with the prognostic hub genes. Results LUSC patients in the TCGA database have higher mRNA expression-based stemness index (mRNAsi) in tumor tissue than in adjacent normal tissue. In addition, some clinical features and outcomes were highly correlated with the mRNAsi. WGCNA revealed that the pink and yellow modules were the most significant modules related to the mRNAsi; the top 10 hub genes in the pink module were enriched mostly in epidermal development, the secretory granule membrane, receptor regulator activity and the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network revealed that the top 10 hub genes were significantly correlated with each other at the transcriptional level. In addition, the top 10 hub genes were all highly expressed in LUSC, and some were differentially expressed in different TNM stages. Regarding the survival analysis, the nomogram of a prognostic signature with three hub genes showed high predictive value. Conclusion mRNAsi-related hub genes could be a potential biomarker of LUSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine II, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine II, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Mengqing Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine II, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xianming Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine II, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Chen C, Guo Q, Song Y, Xu G, Liu L. SKA1/2/3 serves as a biomarker for poor prognosis in human lung adenocarcinoma. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2020; 9:218-231. [PMID: 32420061 PMCID: PMC7225159 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2020.01.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Spindle and kinetochore associated complex subunit 1/2/3 (SKA1/2/3), which stabilized spindle microtubules attaching to kinetochore (KT) in the middle stage of mitosis, were dysregulated, and closely related to prognosis in several malignant tumors. Nevertheless, the potential clinical value of SKA1/2/3, especially in terms of prognosis and development of NSCLC, had not been fully elucidated. Methods ONCOMINE, GEPIA, UALCAN, TCGA, STRING and other databases were used to analyze the expression of SKA1/2/3 in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and its clinical value, and to explore the possible regulatory mechanism of SKA in the occurrence and development of LUAD. Results In patients with LUAD, SKA1/2/3 mRNA expression level was significantly up-regulated, and AUC was 0.9558, 0.7034 and 0.9775, respectively. Increased SKA 1/2/3 expression was associated with smoking, tissue typing, and poor prognosis in LUAD patients. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) showed that SKA1/2/3 was mainly enriched in DNA replication, cell cycle, homologous recombination, p53 signaling pathway, etc. Hub genes in protein-protein interactions are CDK1, BUB1, CCNA2, CDC20, CCNB2, CCNB1, BUB1B, AURKB, TOP2A and MAD2L1. Hub gene expression in LUAD is increased, and its increased expression is related to poor prognosis of LUAD patients. Finally, the expression of SKA1/2/3 and its correlation with clinicopathological features were verified in 30 clinical LUAD samples. Conclusions SKA1/2/3 may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and target for LUAD. In addition, SKA 1/2/3 may affect the prognosis of LUAD through DNA replication, cell cycle, homologous recombination and p53 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yongxiang Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Lunxu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Yan X, Zhang H, Ke J, Zhang Y, Dai C, Zhu M, Jiang F, Zhu H, Zhang L, Zuo X, Li W, Yin X, Wan X. Progesterone receptor inhibits the proliferation and invasion of endometrial cancer cells by up regulating Krüppel-like factor 9. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:2220-2230. [PMID: 35117582 PMCID: PMC8798504 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2020.03.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Krüppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) is one of the most important members of the KLF family, and is abnormally expressed in many tumors. However, the detailed function of KLF9 in endometrial cancer (EC) was barely investigated. Methods In this study, a total of 52 paired EC tissues were recruited to detect the KLF9 expression. Then a serial of phenotypic experiments and mechanism researches were performed. Results The results showed that KLF9 expression was decreased in EC tissues, and the reduced expression of KLF9 is associated with highly metastatic capacity of EC cells. KLF9 could inhibit the proliferation and invasion of EC cells by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Progesterone receptor (PR) could bind to KLF9 promoter and a positive correlation between KLF9 and PR expression was witnessed. Conclusions Taken together, the reduction of KLF9 induced by PR might participate in the development of EC and targeting KLF9 may provide a novel strategy for EC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200000, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Huilin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200000, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Jieqi Ke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Yongli Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Chenyun Dai
- Department of Translation Medicine, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 210000, China
| | - Mei Zhu
- Department of Translation Medicine, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 210000, China
| | - Feizhou Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Hongdi Zhu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Xin Zuo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Weiling Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Xiufeng Yin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Xiaoping Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200000, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200080, China
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Gu Y, Li J, Guo D, Chen B, Liu P, Xiao Y, Yang K, Liu Z, Liu Q. Identification of 13 Key Genes Correlated With Progression and Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis. Front Genet 2020; 11:153. [PMID: 32180800 PMCID: PMC7059753 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains hard to diagnose early and cure due to a lack of accurate biomarkers and effective treatments. Hence, it is necessary to explore the tumorigenesis and tumor progression of HCC to discover new biomarkers for clinical treatment. We performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to explore hub genes that have high correlation with clinical information. In this study, we found 13 hub genes (GTSE1, PLK1, NCAPH, SKA3, LMNB2, SPC25, HJURP, DEPDC1B, CDCA4, UBE2C, LMNB1, PRR11, and SNRPD2) that have high correlation with histologic grade in HCC by analyzing TCGA LIHC dataset. All of these 13 hub genes could be used to effectively distinguish high histologic grade from low histologic grade of HCC through analysis of the ROC curve. The overall survival and disease-free survival information showed that high expression of these 13 hub genes led to poor prognosis. Meanwhile, these 13 hub genes had significantly different expression in HCC tumor and non-tumor tissues. We downloaded GSE6764, which contains corresponding clinical information, to validate the expression of these 13 hub genes. At the same time, we performed quantitative real-time PCR to validate the differences in the expression tendencies of these 13 hub genes between HCC tumor tissues and non-tumor tissues and high histologic grade and low histologic grade. We also explored mutation and methylation information of these 13 hub genes for further study. In summary, 13 hub genes correlated with the progression and prognosis of HCC were discovered by WGCNA in our study, and these hub genes may contribute to the tumorigenesis and tumor progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Deliang Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Baiyang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengpeng Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yusha Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhisu Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Quanyan Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Ruan LW, Li PP, Jin LP. SKA3 Promotes Cell Growth in Breast Cancer by Inhibiting PLK-1 Protein Degradation. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820947488. [PMID: 32799774 PMCID: PMC7436789 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820947488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (Bca) remains the most common form of malignancy affecting females in China, leading to significant reductions in the mental and physical health of those with this condition. While spindle and kinetochore associated complex subunit 3 (SKA3) is known to be linked with cervical cancer progression, whether it is similarly associated with Bca progression remains unknown. Using shRNA, we specifically knocked down the expression of SKA3 in Bca cell lines and then assessed the resultant changes in cell proliferation using CCK-8 and colony formation assays. In addition, we used western blotting to quantify the expression levels of relevant proteins in these cells, and we assessed the interaction between SKA3 and polo-like kinase-1 (PLK-1) via co-immunoprecipitation.In this study, we observed elevated SKA3 expression in Bca tissues and cell lines. When we knocked down SKA3 expression in Bca cells, we were able to determine that it functions in an oncogenic manner so as to promote the growth and proliferation of these cells in vitro. From a mechanistic perspective, we were able to show that in Bca cells SKA functions at least in part via interacting with PLK-1 and preventing its degradation. In summary, we found that SKA3 is able to regulate PLK-1 degradation in Bca cells, thus controlling their growth and proliferation. These results highlight SKA3 as a potentially viable target for anti-cancer drug development aimed at combatting Bca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-wei Ruan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng-peng Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lang-ping Jin
- Department of Breast and Thyroid, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
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Xu T, Zhang R, Dong M, Zhang Z, Li H, Zhan C, Li X. Osteoglycin (OGN) Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Invasiveness in Breast Cancer via PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:10639-10650. [PMID: 31824171 PMCID: PMC6900314 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s222967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous studies have indicated that the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLR) osteoglycin (OGN) is downregulated in various cancers, including squamous cervical carcinoma, gastric cancer, and colorectal adenoma, indicating that OGN is a putative tumor suppressor. However, its exact role in the pathology of human cancers, especially breast cancer (BC), is not clear. Methods The expression of OGN in BC tissues was examined using qRT-PCR. Online databases were employed to analyze the correlation between OGN expression and clinicopathological characteristics. CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, transwell migration and invasion assays were applied to detect cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion of BC cells, respectively. Xenograft tumor models were constructed to explore the role of OGN on tumor growth in vivo. Results OGN expression was reduced in 24 paired BC samples compared with normal tissue. Decreased expression of OGN was correlated with greater pathological grade, a more aggressive tumor subtype, and poor overall survival. In vitro experiments showed that OGN overexpressed by plasmid transfection significantly inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion of BC cell lines. In xenograft tumor models, overexpression of OGN repressed the growth of MCF-7 cells in vivo and alleviated the compression of the tumor on surrounding structures. We also observed that OGN expression reversed EMT via repressing the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Conclusion This study revealed that OGN could function as a tumor suppressor during breast carcinogenesis, and we contribute new evidence to the body of research on the SLRP family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Menglu Dong
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanning Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenao Zhan
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingrui Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
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