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Liang H, Zheng X, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zheng J. The role of SWI/SNF complexes in digestive system neoplasms. Med Oncol 2024; 41:119. [PMID: 38630164 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02343-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Chromatin remodeling is a critical step in the DNA damage response, and the ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers are a group of epigenetic regulators that alter nucleosome assembly and regulate transcription factor accessibility to DNA, preventing genomic instability and tumorigenesis caused by DNA damage. The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex is one of them, and mutations in the gene encoding the SWI/SNF subunit are frequently found in digestive tumors. We review the most recent literature on the role of SWI/SNF complexes in digestive tumorigenesis, with different SWI/SNF subunits playing different roles. They regulate the biological behavior of tumor cells, participate in multiple signaling pathways, interact with multiple genes, and have some correlation with the prognosis of patients. Their carcinogenic properties may help discover new therapeutic targets. Understanding the mutations and defects of SWI/SNF complexes, as well as the underlying functional mechanisms, may lead to new strategies for treating the digestive system by targeting relevant genes or modulating the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyun Liang
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, 261041, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
- Neurologic Disorders and Regenerative Repair Lab of Shandong Higher Education, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
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Cai Q, Wu D, Shen Y, Li S, Liu L, Liu D, Li Y, Chen X, Wang L, Zheng J. Exploring the mechanism of LncRNA CASC15 affecting hepatocellular carcinoma through miRNA. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e35859. [PMID: 38306545 PMCID: PMC10843454 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the potential mechanisms through which long noncoding (Lnc) RNA cancer susceptibility candidate 15 (CASC15) affects hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We retrieved HCC RNA-seq and clinical information from the UCSC Xena database. The differential expression (DE) of CASC15 was detected. Overall survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curves. Molecular function and signaling pathways affected by CASC15 were determined using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Associations between CASC15 and the HCC microenvironment were investigated using immuno-infiltration assays. A differential CASC15-miRNA-mRNA network and HCC-specific CASC15-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network were constructed. The overexpression of CASC15 in HCC tissues was associated with histological grade, clinical stage, pathological T stage, poor survival, more complex immune cell components, and 12 immune checkpoints. We identified 27 DE miRNAs and 270 DE mRNAs in the differential CASC15-miRNA-mRNA network, and 10 key genes that were enriched in 12 cancer-related signaling pathways. Extraction of the HCC-specific CASC15-miRNA-mRNA network revealed that IGF1R, MET, and KRAS were associated with HCC progression and occurrence. Our bioinformatic findings confirmed that CASC15 is a promising prognostic biomarker for HCC, and elevated levels in HCC are associated with the tumor microenvironment. We also constructed a disease-specific CASC15-miRNA-mRNA regulatory ceRNA network that provides a new perspective for the precise indexing of patients with elevated levels of CASC15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tangshan Central Hospital, Hebei Province, China
| | - Dongyang Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tangshan Central Hospital, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yueling Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Qian ‘an People’s Hospital, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shudong Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tangshan Central Hospital, Hebei Province, China
| | - Liyou Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tangshan Central Hospital, Hebei Province, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tangshan Central Hospital, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tangshan Eighth Hospital, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiaonan Chen
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Hebei Province, China
| | - Limin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tangshan Central Hospital, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jianxing Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tangshan Central Hospital, Hebei Province, China
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Li Z, Zhao J, Tang Y. Advances in the role of SWI/SNF complexes in tumours. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:1023-1031. [PMID: 36883311 PMCID: PMC10098296 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer development is a complex process involving both genetic and epigenetic changes. The SWI/SNF (switch/sucrose non-fermentable) chromatin remodelling complex, one of the most studied ATP-dependent complexes, plays an important role in coordinating chromatin structural stability, gene expression and post-translational modifications. The SWI/SNF complex can be classified into BAF, PBAF and GBAF according to their constituent subunits. Cancer genome sequencing studies have shown a high incidence of mutations in genes encoding subunits of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complex, with abnormalities in one or more of these genes present in nearly 25% of all cancers, which indicating that stabilizing normal expression of genes encoding subunits in the SWI/SNF complex may prevent tumorigenesis. In this paper, we will review the relationship between the SWI/SNF complex and some clinical tumours and its mechanism of action. The aim is to provide a theoretical basis to guide the diagnosis and treatment of tumours caused by mutations or inactivation of one or more genes encoding subunits of the SWI/SNF complex in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Li
- Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiumei Zhao
- Chongqing Nanchuan District People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China.,Department of Genetics, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
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Paskeh MDA, Ghadyani F, Hashemi M, Abbaspour A, Zabolian A, Javanshir S, Razzazan M, Mirzaei S, Entezari M, Goharrizi MASB, Salimimoghadam S, Aref AR, Kalbasi A, Rajabi R, Rashidi M, Taheriazam A, Sethi G. Biological impact and therapeutic perspective of targeting PI3K/Akt signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma: Promises and Challenges. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106553. [PMID: 36400343 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer progression results from activation of various signaling networks. Among these, PI3K/Akt signaling contributes to proliferation, invasion, and inhibition of apoptosis. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver cancer with high incidence rate, especially in regions with high prevalence of viral hepatitis infection. Autoimmune disorders, diabetes mellitus, obesity, alcohol consumption, and inflammation can also lead to initiation and development of HCC. The treatment of HCC depends on the identification of oncogenic factors that lead tumor cells to develop resistance to therapy. The present review article focuses on the role of PI3K/Akt signaling in HCC progression. Activation of PI3K/Akt signaling promotes glucose uptake, favors glycolysis and increases tumor cell proliferation. It inhibits both apoptosis and autophagy while promoting HCC cell survival. PI3K/Akt stimulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and increases matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP) expression during HCC metastasis. In addition to increasing colony formation capacity and facilitating the spread of tumor cells, PI3K/Akt signaling stimulates angiogenesis. Therefore, silencing PI3K/Akt signaling prevents aggressive HCC cell behavior. Activation of PI3K/Akt signaling can confer drug resistance, particularly to sorafenib, and decreases the radio-sensitivity of HCC cells. Anti-cancer agents, like phytochemicals and small molecules can suppress PI3K/Akt signaling by limiting HCC progression. Being upregulated in tumor tissues and clinical samples, PI3K/Akt can also be used as a biomarker to predict patients' response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghadyani
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Abbaspour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center,Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Resident of department of Orthopedics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Javanshir
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Razzazan
- Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc. 6, Tide Street, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Alireza Kalbasi
- Department of Pharmacy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Romina Rajabi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
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Zhao X, Kong W, Zhou C, Deng B, Zhang H, Guo H, Chen S, Pan Z. Bioinformatics-based analysis of the roles of sex hormone receptors in endometriosis development. Int J Med Sci 2023; 20:415-428. [PMID: 36860677 PMCID: PMC9969500 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.79516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a hormone-dependent disease in women of reproductive age and seriously affects women's health. To analyze the involvement of sex hormone receptors in endometriosis development, we performed bioinformatics analysis using four datasets derived from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, which may help us understand the mechanisms by which the sex hormones act in vivo in endometriosis patients. The enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed that there are different key genes and pathways involved in eutopic endometrium aberrations of endometriosis patients and endometriotic lesions, and sex hormone receptors, including androgen receptor (AR), progesterone receptor (PGR) and estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), may play important roles in endometriosis development. Androgen receptor (AR), as the hub gene of endometrial aberrations in endometriotic patients, showed positive expression in the main cell types for endometriosis development, and its decreased expression in the endometrium of endometriotic patients was also confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The nomogram model established based on it displayed good predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weimin Kong
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiao Zhou
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Boer Deng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China.,Division of Gynecologic Oncology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Guo
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuning Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhendong Pan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
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Zhang FL, Li DQ. Targeting Chromatin-Remodeling Factors in Cancer Cells: Promising Molecules in Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12815. [PMID: 36361605 PMCID: PMC9655648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complexes can reorganize and remodel chromatin and thereby act as important regulator in various cellular processes. Based on considerable studies over the past two decades, it has been confirmed that the abnormal function of chromatin remodeling plays a pivotal role in genome reprogramming for oncogenesis in cancer development and/or resistance to cancer therapy. Recently, exciting progress has been made in the identification of genetic alteration in the genes encoding the chromatin-remodeling complexes associated with tumorigenesis, as well as in our understanding of chromatin-remodeling mechanisms in cancer biology. Here, we present preclinical evidence explaining the signaling mechanisms involving the chromatin-remodeling misregulation-induced cancer cellular processes, including DNA damage signaling, metastasis, angiogenesis, immune signaling, etc. However, even though the cumulative evidence in this field provides promising emerging molecules for therapeutic explorations in cancer, more research is needed to assess the clinical roles of these genetic cancer targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Lin Zhang
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Da-Qiang Li
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Liu S, Cao X, Wu S. High expression of SMARCC1 predicts poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:4428-4438. [PMID: 36225646 PMCID: PMC9548000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The switching/sucrose non-fermenting (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complexes use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to remodel nucleosomes and modulate transcription, which plays an important role in tumors by regulating epigenetics. SWI/SNF Related, Matrix Associated, Actin Dependent Regulator of Chromatin, Subfamily C, Member 1 (SMARCC1) has dual roles in tumors but its role in gastric cancer remains unclear. This study was aimed to find the role of SMARCC1 in gastric cancer. SMARCC1 expression across various tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas was analyzed using TIMER 2.0 (http://timer.comp-genomics.org/). SMARCC1 mRNA expression profiles in gastric cell lines and gastric tissues were compared with normal tissues and analyzed in the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, Oncomine, and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. SMARCC1 mRNA and protein were then examined in fresh gastric cancer tissues and compared with adjacent normal tissues using quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Associations between SMARCC1 expression and clinicopathological factors, overall survival, and disease-free survival were further evaluated using 130 gastric cancer samples harvested from patients after radical total gastrectomy or subtotal gastrectomy at the Xiangya Hospital of Central South University (Changsha, China). SMARCC1 was frequently upregulated in gastric cancer cells and tissues. SMARCC1 overexpression was significantly associated with tumor size (P=0.002), differentiation (P=0.006), depth of invasion (P=0.001), lymph node involvement (P=0.016), and TNM stage (P=0.007). Furthermore, univariate and multivariate Cox analysis revealed that high SMARCC1 expression, depth invasion, lymph node involvement, and TNM stage were independent risk factors for both overall and disease-free survival in gastric cancer patients (all P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that high SMARCC1 expression predicted poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients (P<0.01). High SMARCC1 expression contributes to poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients. SMARCC1 may be a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xinghua Cao
- Department of General Surgery, People’s Hospital of NingxiangNingxiang, Hunan, PR China
| | - Shaobin Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, PR China
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The Dysregulation of SOX Family Correlates with DNA Methylation and Immune Microenvironment Characteristics to Predict Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:2676114. [PMID: 35465267 PMCID: PMC9020970 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2676114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Due to the molecular heterogeneity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), majority of patients respond poorly among various of therapy. This study is aimed at conducting a comprehensive analysis about roles of SOX family in HCC for obtaining more therapeutic targets and biomarkers which may bring new ideas for the treatment of HCC. Methods UALCAN, Kaplan Meier plotter, cBioPortal, STRING, WebGestalt, Metascape, TIMER 2.0, DiseaseMeth, MethSurv, HPA, CCLE database, and Cytoscape software were used to comprehensively analyze the bioinformatic data. Results SOX2, SOX4, SOX8, SOX10, SOX11, SOX12, SOX17, and SOX18 were significantly differentially expressed in HCC and normal tissues and were valuable for the grade and survival of HCC patients. In addition, the gene alterations of SOX family happened frequently, and SOX4 and SOX17 had the highest mutation rate. The function of SOX family on HCC may be closely correlated with the regulation of angiogenesis-related signaling pathways. Moreover, SOX4, SOX8, SOX11, SOX12, SOX17, and SOX18 were correlation with 8 types of immune cells (including CD8+ T cell, CD4+ T cell, B cell, Tregs, neutrophil, macrophage, myeloid DC, and NK cell), and we found that most types of immune cells had a positive correlation with SOX family. Notably, CD4+ T cell and macrophage were positively related with all these SOX family. NK cells were negatively related with most SOX family genes. DNA methylation levels in promoter area of SOX2, SOX4, and SOX10 were lower in HCC than normal tissues, while SOX8, SOX11, SOX17, and SOX18 had higher DNA methylation levels than normal tissues. Moreover, higher DNA methylation level of SOX12 and SOX18 demonstrated worse survival rates in patients with HCC. Conclusion SOX family genes could predict the prognosis of HCC. In addition, the regulation of angiogenesis-related signaling pathways may participate in the development of HCC. DNA methylation level and immune microenvironment characteristics (especially CD4+ T cell and macrophage immune cell infiltration) could be a novel insight for predicting prognosis in HCC.
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Capecitabine Regulates HSP90AB1 Expression and Induces Apoptosis via Akt/SMARCC1/AP-1/ROS Axis in T Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1012509. [PMID: 35368874 PMCID: PMC8970866 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1012509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Transplant oncology is a newly emerging discipline integrating oncology, transplant medicine, and surgery and has brought malignancy treatment into a new era via transplantation. In this context, obtaining a drug with both immunosuppressive and antitumor effects can take into account the dual needs of preventing both transplant rejection and tumor recurrence in liver transplantation patients with malignancies. Capecitabine (CAP), a classic antitumor drug, has been shown to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis in tumor cells. Meanwhile, we have demonstrated that CAP can induce ROS production and apoptosis in T cells to exert immunosuppressive effects, but its underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this study, metronomic doses of CAP were administered to normal mice by gavage, and the spleen was selected for quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis. The results showed that CAP significantly reduced the expression of HSP90AB1 and SMARCC1 in the spleen. It was subsequently confirmed that CAP also significantly reduced the expression of HSP90AB1 and SMARCC1 and increased ROS and apoptosis levels in T cells. The results of in vitro experiments showed that HSP90AB1 knockdown resulted in a significant decrease in p-Akt, SMARCC1, p-c-Fos, and p-c-Jun expression levels and a significant increase in ROS and apoptosis levels. HSP90AB1 overexpression significantly inhibited CAP-induced T cell apoptosis by increasing the p-Akt, SMARCC1, p-c-Fos, and p-c-Jun expression levels and reducing the ROS level. In conclusion, HSP90AB1 is a key target of CAP-induced T cell apoptosis via Akt/SMARCC1/AP-1/ROS axis, which provides a novel understanding of CAP-induced T cell apoptosis and lays the experimental foundation for further exploring CAP as an immunosuppressant with antitumor effects to optimize the medication regimen for transplantation patients.
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