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Chai C, Tang H, Miao X, Su Y, Li L, Yu C, Yi J, Ye Z, Miao L, Zhang B, Wang Z, Luo W, Hu J, Zhang H, Zhou W, Xu H. Establishment and characterization of the PDAC-X3 cell line: a novel Chinese-origin pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell line. Hum Cell 2024; 37:1578-1592. [PMID: 39012569 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01100-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a novel pancreatic cancer cell line, termed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)-X3 cell line, was successfully derived from the primary tumor. Comprehensive analyses of its malignant phenotype, molecular properties, specific biomarkers, and histological features confirmed that PDAC-X3 cells serve as a valuable model for investigating the underlying mechanisms driving pancreatic carcinogenesis and advancing potential therapeutic strategies. The newly established cell line was continuously cultured for over 12 months and was stably passaged through more than 50 generations. Morphologically, PDAC-X3 cells displayed characteristics typical of epithelial tumors. The population doubling time for PDAC-X3 cells was determined to be 50 h. Karyotype analysis revealed that 75% of PDAC-X3 cells presented as hypotriploid, while 25% were sub-tetraploid, with representative karyotypes being 53 and XY der (1) inv (9) der (22). In suspension culture, PDAC-X3 cells efficiently formed organoids. Upon inoculation into BALB/C nude mice, these cells initiated the development of xenograft tumors, achieving a tumor formation rate of 33%. Morphologically, these xenografted tumors closely resembled the primary tumor. Drug sensitivity assays indicated that PDAC-X3 cells exhibited resistance to oxaliplatin but demonstrated sensitivity to 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), gemcitabine, and paclitaxel. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that CK7, CK19, E-cadherin, Vimentin, CA19-9 were positively expressed in PDAC-X3 cells. Meanwhile, the expression rate for Ki-67 was 30%, and that for CEA was not detected. Our findings underscore that PDAC-X3 represents a novel pancreatic cancer cell line, positioning it as a valuable model for basic research and the advancement of therapeutic strategies against pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changpeng Chai
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Huan Tang
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xin Miao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yuanhui Su
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lu Li
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Cheng Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jianfeng Yi
- The First School of Clinical Medicine,Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhenzhen Ye
- The First School of Clinical Medicine,Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Long Miao
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhengfeng Wang
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wei Luo
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jinjing Hu
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Wence Zhou
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Hao Xu
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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Ma X, Zhou Y, Li R, Ding X, Li D, Pan T, Zhang F, Li W. Targeting Hippo/YAP in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Promising molecules in cancer therapy. Mol Carcinog 2024. [PMID: 39092765 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The tumorigenesis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) has been identified to be exceptionally involved in dysregulated Hippo/Yes-associated protein (YAP) signaling pathway (Hippo/YAP). Hippo/YAP functions as a master regulator engaged in a plethora of physiological and oncogenic processes as well. Therefore, the aberrant Hippo/YAP could serve as an Achilles' heel regarding the molecular therapeutic avenues for ICC patients. Herein, we comprehensively review the recent studies about the underlying mechanism of disrupted Hippo/YAP in ICC, how diagnostic values could be utilized upon the critical genes in this pathway, and what opportunities could be given upon this target pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruping Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xianmin Ding
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Deyu Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tingting Pan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fuqiang Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenliang Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Yu C, Su Y, Miao X, Chai C, Tang H, Li L, Yi J, Ye Z, Zhang H, Hu Z, Chen L, Li N, Xu H, Zhou W. Establishment and characterization of a novel multidrug-resistant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell line, PDAC-X1. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:800. [PMID: 38965506 PMCID: PMC11225239 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12588-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance remains a significant challenge in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. The development of drug-resistant cell lines is crucial to understanding the underlying mechanisms of resistance and developing novel drugs to improve clinical outcomes. Here, a novel pancreatic cancer cell line, PDAC-X1, derived from Chinese patients has been established. PDAC-X1 was characterized by the immune phenotype, biology, genetics, molecular characteristics, and tumorigenicity. In vitro analysis revealed that PDAC-X1 cells exhibited epithelial morphology and cell markers (CK7 and CK19), expressed cancer-associated markers (E-cadherin, Vimentin, Ki-67, CEA, CA19-9), and produced pancreatic cancer-like organs in suspension culture. In vivo analysis showed that PDAC-X1 cells maintained tumorigenicity with a 100% tumor formation rate. This cell line exhibited a complex karyotype, dominated by subtriploid karyotypes. In addition, PDAC-X1 cells exhibited intrinsic multidrug resistance to multiple drugs, including gemcitabine, paclitaxel, 5-fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin. In conclusion, the PDAC-X1 cell line has been established and characterized, representing a useful and valuable preclinical model to study the underlying mechanisms of drug resistance and develop novel drug therapeutics to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuanhui Su
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xin Miao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Changpeng Chai
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Huan Tang
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lu Li
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jianfeng Yi
- The First Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhenzhen Ye
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhao Hu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Luyang Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Ning Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Hao Xu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Wence Zhou
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Hu J, Xu H, Ma X, Bai M, Zhou Y, Miao R, Wang F, Li X, Cheng B. Modulating PCGF4/BMI1 Stability Is an Efficient Metastasis-Regulatory Strategy Used by Distinct Subtypes of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:1388-1404. [PMID: 38670529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a highly malignant neoplasm prone to metastasis. Whether cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) affect the metastasis of ICC is unclear. Herein, ICC patient-derived CAF lines and related cancerous cell lines were established and the effects of CAFs on the tumor progressive properties of the ICC cancerous cells were analyzed. CAFs could be classified into cancer-restraining or cancer-promoting categories based on distinct tumorigenic effects. The RNA-sequencing analyses of ICC cancerous cell lines identified polycomb group ring finger 4 (PCGF4; alias BMI1) as a potential metastasis regulator. The changes of PCGF4 levels in ICC cells mirrored the restraining or promoting effects of CAFs on ICC migration. Immunohistochemical analyses on the ICC tissue microarrays indicated that PCGF4 was negatively correlated with overall survival of ICC. The promoting effects of PCGF4 on cell migration, drug resistance activity, and stemness properties were confirmed. Mechanistically, cancer-restraining CAFs triggered the proteasome-dependent degradation of PCGF4, whereas cancer-promoting CAFs enhanced the stability of PCGF4 via activating the IL-6/phosphorylated STAT3 pathway. In summary, the current data identified the role of CAFs in ICC metastasis and revealed a new mechanism of the CAFs on ICC progression in which PCGF4 acted as the key effector by both categories of CAFs. These findings shed light on developing comprehensive therapeutic strategies for ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hao Xu
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mingzhen Bai
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhou
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruidong Miao
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fanghong Wang
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xun Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Bo Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
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Tang H, Miao X, Yu C, Chai C, Su Y, Li L, Yi J, Ye Z, Miao L, Wang Z, Zhang H, Xu H, Zhou W. A novel multidrug-resistant cell line from a Chinese patient with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9259. [PMID: 38649719 PMCID: PMC11035558 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56464-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance poses clinical challenges in pancreatic cancer treatment. Developing cell lines resistant to chemotherapy is crucial for investigating drug resistance mechanisms and identifying alternative treatment pathways. The genetic and biological attributes of pancreatic cancer depend on its aetiology, racial demographics and anatomical origin, underscoring the need for models that comprehensively represent these characteristics. Here, we introduce PDAC-X2, a pancreatic cancer cell line derived from Chinese patients. We conducted a comprehensive analysis encompassing the immune phenotype, biology, genetics, molecular characteristics and tumorigenicity of the cell line. PDAC-X2 cells displayed epithelial morphology and expressed cell markers (CK7 and CK19) alongside other markers (E-cadherin, Vimentin, Ki-67, CEA and CA19-9). The population doubling time averaged around 69 h. In vivo, PDAC-X2 cells consistently maintained their tumorigenicity, achieving a 100% tumour formation rate. Characterised by a predominantly tetraploid karyotype, this cell line exhibited a complex genetic markup. Notably, PDAC-X2 cells demonstrated resistance to multiple drugs, including gemcitabine, paclitaxel, 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin. In conclusion, PDAC-X2 presents an invaluable preclinical model. Its utility lies in facilitating the study of drug resistance mechanisms and the exploration of alternative therapeutic approaches aimed at enhancing the prognosis of this tumour type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Tang
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xin Miao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Cheng Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Changpeng Chai
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuanhui Su
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lu Li
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jianfeng Yi
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhenzhen Ye
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Long Miao
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhengfeng Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Hao Xu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Wence Zhou
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
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Chai C, Tang H, Yi J, Li L, Yu C, Su Y, Miao L, Ye Z, Wang Z, Luo W, Hu J, Zhang H, Miao X, Xu H, Zhou W. Establishment and characterization of DPC-X4: a novel mixed-type ampullary cancer cell line. Hum Cell 2024; 37:531-545. [PMID: 38253956 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-01023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Mixed-type ampullary cancer is a distinct subtype of ampullary cancer that manifests a merging of the biological characteristics of both intestinal and pancreaticobiliary subtypes. The absence of established cell lines specific to this subtype has resulted in a concomitant scarcity of research on its tumorigenic mechanisms and the development of novel therapeutic modalities. The present study achieved the successful establishment of a novel mixed-type ampullary cancer cell line, designated DPC-X4 through primary culture techniques. Subsequent analyses pertaining to phenotypic characteristics, molecular profiling, biomarker identification, and histological features validated the DPC-X4 cell line as a potent model for delineating the pathogenesis of mixed-type ampullary cancer and facilitating the development of new pharmacological agents. This newly established cell line was subjected to continuous cultivation for 1 year, with stable passaging for over 50 generations. Notably, the DPC-X4 cell line manifested typical morphological features associated with epithelial tumors. Furthermore, the population doubling time for the DPC-X4 cell line was determined at 70 h. Short tandem repeat (STR) analysis confirmed that the DPC-X4 cell line exhibited a high genetic concordance with the primary tumor from the patient. Karyotypic profiling indicated an abnormal sub-triploid karyotype, with representative karyotypes of 57, XXY inv (9), 14p + , 15p + , der (17), + mar. The DPC-X4 cell line demonstrated a high capacity for efficient organoid formation under suspension culture conditions. In addition, the subcutaneous inoculation of DPC-X4 cells into NXG mice led to the formation of xenografted tumors. The results of drug sensitivity testing indicated that DPC-X4 cells were sensitive to paclitaxel and resistant to oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and gemcitabine. Immunohistochemistry revealed positive expression of CK7, CK19, and CK20 in DPC-X4 cells, while CDX2 demonstrated negative expression. In addition, positive expression of E-cadherin and vimentin was identified in DPC-X4 cells, with a proliferation index indicated by Ki-67 at 70%. The findings of our study establish DPC-X4 as a novel mixed-type ampullary cancer cell line, which can serve as a potential experimental model for exploring the pathogenesis of ampullary cancer and the development of therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changpeng Chai
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Huan Tang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jianfeng Yi
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Department of Surgery, The First School of Clinical Medicine of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lu Li
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Cheng Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuanhui Su
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Long Miao
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhenzhen Ye
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhengfeng Wang
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wei Luo
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jinjing Hu
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xin Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Hao Xu
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Wence Zhou
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Xu H, Chai CP, Tang H, Su YH, Yu C, Li L, Yi JF, Ye ZZ, Wang ZF, Hu JJ, Luo W, Zhang H, Miao X, Zhou WC. Establishment and Characterization of a New Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Line, ICC-X2. World J Oncol 2024; 15:114-125. [PMID: 38274721 PMCID: PMC10807924 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an aggressive malignant tumor of the biliary tract that is prone to recurrence and metastasis and is characterized by poor sensitivity to chemotherapy and overall prognosis. For these reasons, there is an urgent need to understand its pathological mechanisms and develop effective treatments. To address this challenge, the establishment of suitable preclinical models is critical. Methods Fresh ICC tissue samples were used for primary culture and subculture. The cell line was evaluated by cell proliferation assays, clonal formation assays, karyotype analysis, and short tandem repeat (STR) analysis. Drug resistances against oxaliplatin, paclitaxel, gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were evaluated by CCK-8 assay. Subcutaneous injection of 1 × 106 cells to three BALB/c nude mice was conducted for xenograft studies. The hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to detect the pathological status of the cell line. The expression of biomarkers CK7, CK19, Ki-67, E-cadherin and vimentin was determined by immunocytochemistry assay. Results A new ICC cell line named ICC-X2 was successfully established. Like ICC-X3 established using the same patient's metastatic tumor, the cell line has been continuously cultured in vitro for more than a year and has been passaged more than 100 times. ICC-X2 retained the typical biliary epithelial morphology. The population doubling time of ICC-X2 is 48 h. The cells demonstrated an abnormal nearly tetraploid karyotype. The STR analysis confirmed that ICC-X2 was highly consistent with the primary tumor tissue and not cross-contaminated by existing cell lines. ICC-X2 cells positively expressed CK7, CK19, E-cadherin, and vimentin, and the positive expression of Ki-67 in ICC-X2 cells was 40%. The ICC-X2 cells exhibited a strong clonogenic ability. The drug sensitivity test indicated that ICC-X2 was sensitive to oxaliplatin and paclitaxel, but naturally resistant to gemcitabine and 5-FU. ICC-X2 was rapidly able to form transplanted tumors in vivo after subcutaneous inoculation in nude mice. Conclusions ICC-X2 is an excellent experimental model that can be used for studying the occurrence, development, and metastasis of ICC and investigating the mechanism of tumor drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Chang Peng Chai
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Huan Tang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yuan Hui Su
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Cheng Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lu Li
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jian Feng Yi
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Department of Surgery, The First School of Clinical Medicine of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhen Zhen Ye
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zheng Feng Wang
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jin Jing Hu
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wei Luo
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xin Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wen Ce Zhou
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Tufail M, Hu JJ, Liang J, He CY, Wan WD, Huang YQ, Jiang CH, Wu H, Li N. Predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine in breast cancer: targeting the PI3K pathway. J Transl Med 2024; 22:15. [PMID: 38172946 PMCID: PMC10765967 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04841-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a multifaceted disease characterized by distinct molecular subtypes and varying responses to treatment. In BC, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway has emerged as a crucial contributor to the development, advancement, and resistance to treatment. This review article explores the implications of the PI3K pathway in predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine for BC. It emphasizes the identification of predictive biomarkers, such as PIK3CA mutations, and the utility of molecular profiling in guiding treatment decisions. The review also discusses the potential of targeting the PI3K pathway for preventive strategies and the customization of therapy based on tumor stage, molecular subtypes, and genetic alterations. Overcoming resistance to PI3K inhibitors and exploring combination therapies are addressed as important considerations. While this field holds promise in improving patient outcomes, further research and clinical trials are needed to validate these approaches and translate them into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tufail
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia-Ju Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Liang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cai-Yun He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Dong Wan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Qi Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Can-Hua Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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