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Ndayishimiye JC, Teg-Nefaah Tabong P. Spatial distribution and determinants of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria during pregnancy: a secondary data analysis of the 2019 Ghana malaria indicators survey. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:379. [PMID: 38769513 PMCID: PMC11103814 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06566-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria during pregnancy is associated with poor maternal, foetal, and neonatal outcomes. To prevent malaria infection during pregnancy, the World Health Organization recommended the use of intermittent preventive therapy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) in addition to vector control strategies. Although Ghana's target is to ensure that all pregnant women receive at least three (optimal) doses of SP, the uptake of SP has remained low; between 2020 and 2022, only 60% of pregnant women received optimal SP during their most recent pregnancy. This study sought to map the geospatial distribution and identify factors associated with SP uptake during pregnancy in Ghana. METHODS Secondary data analysis was conducted using the 2019 Ghana Malaria Indicator Survey dataset. The data analysed were restricted to women aged 15-49 years who reported having a live birth within the two years preceding the survey. A modified Poisson regression model was used to determine factors associated with SP uptake during pregnancy. Geospatial analysis was employed to map the spatial distribution of optimal SP uptake across the ten regions of Ghana using R software. RESULTS The likelihood that pregnant women received optimal SP correlated with early initiation of first antenatal care (ANC), number of ANC contacts, woman's age, region of residence, and family size. Overall, the greater the number of ANC contacts, the more likely for pregnant women to receive optimal SP. Women with four or more ANC contacts were 2 times (aPR: 2.16; 95% CI: [1.34-3.25]) more likely to receive optimal SP than pregnant women with fewer than four ANC contacts. In addition, early initiation and a high number of ANC contacts were associated with a high number of times a pregnant woman received SP. Regarding spatial distribution, a high uptake of optimal SP was significantly observed in the Upper East and Upper West Regions, whereas the lowest was observed in the Eastern Region of Ghana. CONCLUSIONS In Ghana, there were regional disparities in the uptake of SP during pregnancy, with the uptake mainly correlated with the provision of ANC services. To achieve the country's target for malaria control during pregnancy, there is a need to strengthen intermittent preventive treatment for malaria during pregnancy by prioritizing comprehensive ANC services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Claude Ndayishimiye
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Ghana School of Public Health, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Philip Teg-Nefaah Tabong
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Ghana School of Public Health, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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Nakalega R, Nabisere-Arinaitwe R, Mukiza N, Kuteesa CN, Mawanda D, Natureeba P, Kasirye R, Nakabiito C, Nabakooza J, Mulumba E, Nabukeera J, Ggita J, Kakuru A, Atuyambe L, Musoke P, Fowler MG, Lukyamuzi Z. Attitudes and perceptions towards developing a health educational video to enhance optimal uptake of malaria preventive therapy among pregnant women in Uganda: a qualitative study involving pregnant women, health workers, and Ministry of health officials. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:484. [PMID: 38637742 PMCID: PMC11027371 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-10944-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria in pregnancy remains a major global public health problem. Intermittent prophylaxis treatment of malaria in pregnancy with Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine and co-trimoxazole is efficacious for prevention of malaria in pregnancy HIV negative and positive women, respectively. However, uptake of the recommended doses of therapies has remained suboptimal in Uganda, majorly due to inadequate knowledge among pregnant women. Therefore, this study aimed to explore attitudes and perceptions towards developing an educational video for malaria preventive therapy. METHODS We conducted an exploratory study with qualitative methods among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Kisenyi Health Center IV (KHCIV), health workers from KHCIV, and officials from the Ministry of Health. The study was conducted at KHCIV from October 2022 to March 2023. Focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted among purposively selected pregnant women and key informant interviews (KII) among health workers and Ministry of Health officials. Data were analyzed using inductive and deductive thematic methods in atlas ti.8. RESULTS A total of five FGDs comprising of 7-10 pregnant women were conducted; and KIIs were conducted among four mid-wives, two obstetricians, and two Ministry of Health officials. Generally, all respondents mentioned a need for interventions to improve malaria preventive knowledge among pregnant women; were positive about developing an educative video for malaria preventive therapy in pregnancy; and suggested a short, concise, and edutaining video focusing both the benefits of taking and risks of not taking malaria preventive therapy. They proposed that women may be encouraged to view the video as soon as they conceive and throughout the pregnancy. It also was suggested that the video may be viewed on television sets in maternal and reproductive health clinics and homes, and on smart phones. CONCLUSION Pregnant women, health workers, and Ministry of Health officials were positive about the development of a short edutaining video on malaria preventive therapy that focuses on both benefits of taking and risks of not taking the malaria preventive therapy in pregnancy. This information guided the video development and therefore, in the development of health educative videos, client and stakeholder inputs may always be solicited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Nakalega
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University (MU-JHU) Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.
| | | | | | | | - Denis Mawanda
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Paul Natureeba
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University (MU-JHU) Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ronnie Kasirye
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University (MU-JHU) Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Clemensia Nakabiito
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University (MU-JHU) Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Emmie Mulumba
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University (MU-JHU) Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Josephine Nabukeera
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University (MU-JHU) Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joseph Ggita
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University (MU-JHU) Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Abel Kakuru
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Philippa Musoke
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University (MU-JHU) Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Zubair Lukyamuzi
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University (MU-JHU) Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
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Kalu GO, Francis JM, Ibisomi L, Chirwa T, Kagura J. Factors associated with the uptake of Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPTp-SP) for malaria in pregnancy: Further analysis of the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0000771. [PMID: 36962778 PMCID: PMC10021516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy-associated malaria is preventable and curable with intermittent preventive treatment with Sulfodoxine-Pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP). However, despite the effectiveness of IPTp-SP against malaria in pregnancy, the uptake among pregnant women in Nigeria remains very low. Thus, this study aimed to establish the factors associated with the uptake of at least one dose and optimal doses of IPTp-SP among pregnant women aged 15 to 49 years living in Nigeria in 2018. The study included 12,742 women aged 15 to 49 years with live births two years before or during the 2018 Nigeria Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) in the analysis. Descriptive analysis was carried out to determine the prevalence of IPTp-SP uptake. Multivariable logistic regression was used to establish the factors associated with receiving IPTp-SP during pregnancy, adjusting for possible confounding factors. Given the complex survey design, all analyses are adjusted for sampling weight, stratification, and clustering. The p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. In 2018, the prevalence of at least one dose of IPTp-SP was 63.6% (95% CI:62.0-65.1), and optimal doses of IPTp-SP were 16.8% (95% CI:15.8-17.8) during pregnancy. After the multivariable analysis, age group, region, frequency of ANC visits, belief in IPTp-SP effectiveness, and morbidity caused by malaria predicted the uptake of at least one IPTp-SP dose. Similar maternal characteristics, including household wealth index, spouse's educational level, and media exposure were significantly associated with taking optimal IPTp-SP doses. For instance, women in the wealthiest households whose husbands had secondary education predicted a four-fold increase in uptake of at least one IPTp-SP dose (aOR:4.17; 95% CI:1.11-8.85). The low prevalence and regional variations of IPTp-SP uptake in the study area imply that most pregnant women in Nigeria are at substantial risk of pregnancy-associated malaria. Therefore, stakeholders should explore context-specific strategies to improve the IPTp-SP coverage across the regions in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godwin Okeke Kalu
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Joel Msafiri Francis
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary care, School of Clinical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Latifat Ibisomi
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Tobias Chirwa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Juliana Kagura
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
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Doe MTT, Bajinka O, Barrow A. Antenatal care positive responses to pregnant women in preventing and controlling malaria in pregnancy: the sub-Saharan African perspective. World J Pediatr 2022; 18:453-462. [PMID: 35616810 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-022-00549-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The response to antenatal care (ANC) for maternal and offspring outcomes, especially in pregnant women has been thoroughly studied. However, despite the number of interventional studies on the treatment of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine combination (IPTp-SP) uptake, the point in point cases of the positive responses of ANC in improving health conditions of pregnant women are not found in the literature. DATA SOURCES This review collected ANC responses to the positive health outcomes for pregnant women with malaria, the challenges faced regarding IPTp-SP uptake during ANC visits and the role of ANC in preventing and controlling malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. It elucidated ANC and uptake of optimal intermittent preventive IPTp-SP and further described ANC as a tool for heterogeneity for malaria prevention. RESULTS ANC is seen as a microscope to malaria in pregnacy, maternal iron deficiency and anemia checkpoints, ANC and malaria treatment strategies, and ANC and the use of insecticide treated nets (ITN). The review further discussed ANC attendance influencing factors, limitations to ANC implications and the prospects in ANC visits on preventing malaria in pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS A declining trend of malaria transmission in Africa has been observed in recent years. However, the burden of malaria in pregnancy remains a health concern. The rate of SP resistance, low uptake of IPTp-SP, low LLINs distribution, late gestational ANC visits and low turnaround for optimal ANC visits for first time mothers' aggrevated the malaria-endemic settings among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Tete Telay Doe
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ousman Bajinka
- Department of Microbiology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Provinces, China.,China-Africa Research Centre of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.,School of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of The Gambia, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Amadou Barrow
- Heidelberg, Institute of Global Health, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,School of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of The Gambia, Banjul, The Gambia
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Muhammad FM, Majdzadeh R, Nedjat S, Sajadi HS, Parsaeian M. Socioeconomic inequality in intermittent preventive treatment using Sulphadoxine pyrimethamine among pregnant women in Nigeria. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1860. [PMID: 33276756 PMCID: PMC7716500 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09967-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intermittent preventive treatment using Sulphadoxine pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) for malaria prevention is recommended for all pregnant women in malaria endemic areas. However, there is limited evidence on the level of socioeconomic inequality in IPTp-SP use among pregnant women in Nigeria. Thus, this study aimed to determine the level of socioeconomic inequality in IPTp-SP use among pregnant women in Nigeria and to decompose it into its contributing factors. METHODS A secondary data analysis of Nigerian demographic and health survey of 2018 was conducted. A sample of 21,621 pregnant women aged between 15 and 49 years and had live birth in the previous 2 years before the survey were included in this analysis. The study participants were recruited based on a stratified two-stage cluster sampling method. Socioeconomic inequality was decomposed into its contributing factors by concentration index. RESULT Totally 63.6% of pregnant women took at least one dose of IPTp-SP prophylaxis. Among IPTp-SP users, 35.1% took one dose, 38.6% took two doses and 26.2% took three doses and more. Based on both concentration index of 0.180 (p-value = < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.176 to 0.183) and Erreyger's normalization concentration index 0.280 (p-value = < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.251 to 0.309), the IPTp-SP utilization was pro-rich. The largest contributors to the inequality in IPTp-SP uptake were wealth index (47.81%) and educational status (28.66%). CONCLUSION Our findings showed that IPTp-SP use was pro-rich in Nigeria. Wealth index and educational status were the factors that significantly contributed to the inequality. The disparities could be reduced through free IPTp service expansion by targeting pregnant women from low socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Mahmud Muhammad
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Majdzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Knowledge Utilization Research Center and Community-Based Participatory-Research-Center, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saharnaz Nedjat
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haniye Sadat Sajadi
- Knowledge Utilization Research center, University Research and Development Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Parsaeian
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Amoakoh-Coleman M, Arhinful DK, Klipstein-Grobusch K, Ansah EK, Koram KA. Coverage of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) influences delivery outcomes among women with obstetric referrals at the district level in Ghana. Malar J 2020; 19:222. [PMID: 32580717 PMCID: PMC7315483 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the study was to determine the coverage of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) and its relationship with delivery outcomes among obstetric referral cases at the district level of healthcare. Methods An implementation research within three districts of the Greater Accra region was conducted from May 2017 to February 2018, to assess the role of an enhanced inter-facility communication system on processes and outcomes of obstetric referrals. A cross-sectional analysis of the data on IPTp coverage as well as delivery outcomes for the period of study was conducted, for all the referrals ending up in deliveries. Primary outcomes were maternal and neonatal complications at delivery. IPTp coverage was determined as percentages and classified as adequate or inadequate. Associated factors were determined using Chi square. Odds ratios (OR, 95% CI) were estimated for predictors of adequate IPTp dose coverage for associations with delivery outcomes, with statistical significance set at p = 0.05. Results From a total of 460 obstetric referrals from 16 lower level facilities who delivered at the three district hospitals, only 223 (48.5%) received adequate (at least 3) doses of IPTp. The district, type of facility where ANC is attended, insurance status, marital status and number of antenatal clinic visits significantly affected IPTp doses received. Adjusted ORs show that adequate IPTp coverage was significantly associated with new-born complication [0.80 (0.65–0.98); p = 0.03], low birth weight [0.51 (0.38–0.68); p < 0.01], preterm delivery [0.71 (0.55–0.90); p = 0.01] and malaria as indication for referral [0.70 (0.56–0.87); p < 0.01]. Positive association with maternal complication at delivery was seen but was not significant. Conclusion IPTp coverage remains low in the study setting and is affected by type of health facility that ANC is received at, access to health insurance and number of times a woman attends ANC during pregnancy. This study also confirmed earlier findings that, as an intervention IPTp prevents bad outcomes of pregnancy, even among women with obstetric referrals. It is important to facilitate IPTp service delivery to pregnant women across the country, improve coverage of required doses and maximize the benefits to both mothers and newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Amoakoh-Coleman
- Department of Epidemiology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana. .,Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - Daniel K Arhinful
- Department of Epidemiology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Evelyn K Ansah
- Center for Malaria Research, Institute of Health Research, University of Health & Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Kwadwo A Koram
- Department of Epidemiology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
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Roman E, Andrejko K, Wolf K, Henry M, Youll S, Florey L, Ferenchick E, Gutman JR. Determinants of uptake of intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy: a review. Malar J 2019; 18:372. [PMID: 31752868 PMCID: PMC6873519 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-3004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria in pregnancy (MiP) contributes to devastating maternal and neonatal outcomes. Coverage of intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy (IPTp) remains alarmingly low. Data was compiled from MiP programme reviews and performed a literature search on access to and determinants of IPTp. National malaria control and reproductive health (RH) policies may be discordant. Integration may improve coverage. Medication stock-outs are a persistent problem. Quality improvement programmes are often not standardized. Capacity building varies across countries. Community engagement efforts primarily focus on promotion of services. The majority of challenges can be addressed at country level to improve IPTp coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristin Andrejko
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Marianne Henry
- U.S. President's Malaria Initiative, U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Susan Youll
- U.S. President's Malaria Initiative, U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lia Florey
- U.S. President's Malaria Initiative, U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Erin Ferenchick
- The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julie R Gutman
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, U.S Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Okethwangu D, Opigo J, Atugonza S, Kizza CT, Nabatanzi M, Biribawa C, Kyabayinze D, Ario AR. Factors associated with uptake of optimal doses of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria among pregnant women in Uganda: analysis of data from the Uganda Demographic and Health Survey, 2016. Malar J 2019; 18:250. [PMID: 31349829 PMCID: PMC6660695 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2883-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Uganda National Malaria Control Programme recognizes the importance of minimizing the effect of malaria among pregnant women. Accordingly, strategies including intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy using sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) have been scaled up. Uptake of IPTp-SP among pregnant women in Uganda, aged 15-49 years who had had a live birth 2 years preceding the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) was determined and factors associated with the uptake of optimal IPTp-SP doses were identified. METHODS This was a secondary analysis of the UDHS 2016 dataset. The outcome variable was uptake of IPTp-SP doses among women 15-49 years old who had had a live birth 2 years preceding the survey. Independent variables were residence type, age, marital status, education, wealth status, region of residence, parity, number of antenatal care (ANC) attendance, timing to first ANC visit, and exposure to messages through radio. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the uptake of optimal IPTp-SP doses. RESULTS Uptake of three or more doses of IPTp-SP was 18%. The likelihood of taking optimal doses of IPTp-SP was increased among those who had attained a secondary-level education (aOR: 1.5, 95% CI 1.04-2.15), those who attended ANC ≥ 4 times (aOR: 1.34, 95% CI 1.12-1.60), and those exposed to radio messages (aOR: 1.23, 95% CI 1.02-1.48). Among those in the age category > 34 years (aOR: 0.70, 95% CI 0.53-0.92), and those who attended first ANC in the third trimester of pregnancy (aOR: 0.58, 95% CI 0.38-0.87) the odds of uptake were decreased. CONCLUSIONS Education status, exposure to radio messages about health and frequency of ANC attendance were associated with increased uptake while timing of first ANC attendance and being > 34 years were associated with decreased uptake. The findings suggest a need to strengthen behaviour change communication among women of child-bearing age in order to improve uptake of IPTp-SP during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Okethwangu
- Uganda Public Health Fellowship Programme, Kampala, Uganda. .,Uganda National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Jimmy Opigo
- Uganda National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Catherine T Kizza
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Monica Nabatanzi
- Uganda National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Daniel Kyabayinze
- Uganda National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Alex R Ario
- Uganda Public Health Fellowship Programme, Kampala, Uganda
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Gupta KM, Harding JC, Othman MS, Merbs SL, Gower EW. Why do patients refuse trichiasis surgery? Lessons and an education initiative from Mtwara Region, Tanzania. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006464. [PMID: 29902219 PMCID: PMC6001945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trachomatous trichiasis is one of the leading causes of preventable blindness worldwide. A relatively simple surgery can spare vision. Although this surgery is usually performed free of charge in endemic regions, multiple studies indicate that surgical refusal is common. Prior studies have attempted to examine these reasons, although they generally rely on patient recall months to years after the surgery was offered. This study set out to determine major decision-making factors at the time of refusal. In addition, this study looked for ways to help increase surgical uptake by targeting modifiable factors. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We used a combination of focus groups, interviews with community health workers, and individual interviews with trichiasis patients who refused surgery to understand their decision-making. We found that several factors influenced surgical refusals, including misconception regarding recovery time, inability to find a post-surgical caregiver, and the time of year of the surgical campaign. Fear of the surgery itself played a minimal role in refusals. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Trichiasis patients refuse surgery for many reasons, but a large percentage is due to lack of information and education, and is, therefore, modifiable within the structure of a surgical outreach project. To address this, we developed a "frequently asked questions" (FAQ) document aimed at community health workers, which may have helped to decrease some of the misconceptions that had led to prior refusals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Gupta
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | | | - Shannath L. Merbs
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Emily W. Gower
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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Nkoka O, Chuang TW, Chen YH. Association between timing and number of antenatal care visits on uptake of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria during pregnancy among Malawian women. Malar J 2018; 17:211. [PMID: 29793482 PMCID: PMC5968590 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2360-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria in pregnancy is a critical public health challenge, and intermittent preventive treatment for malaria during pregnancy (IPTp) has proven to be an effective intervention. However, access to and use of malaria interventions, including IPTp, remains a considerable problem among African women. This cross-sectional study investigated factors, including antenatal care (ANC) attendance (both numbers of visits and timing of the first visit) and socio-demographics, associated with the uptake of the recommended IPTp dose among Malawian women. Methods A nationally representative sample of women with a live birth in the 2 years preceding the survey from the Malawi Demographic Health Survey 2015–2016 dataset was analysed. Self-reported data on socio-demographics, ANC attendance and IPTp uptake were collected using a questionnaire and analysed using logistic models. Results Of the 6549 included women, 1981 (30.2%) took the recommended three or more IPTp doses. Despite inadequate ANC visits, early ANC initiation increased the likelihood of these women taking the recommended IPTp dose; women who initiated ANC in the first [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.24; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.44–3.49] and second (aOR = 2.19; 95% CI = 1.56–3.08) trimesters were more likely to take the recommended IPTp dose compared to late initiators. The effect of the number of ANC visits on IPTp uptake was significant in married women (aOR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.42–1.98), and the timing of first ANC visit was associated with IPTp uptake only among rural women (aOR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.54–2.95). Conclusion ANC attendance is vital in IPTp uptake. The results highlight the need for health care providers to encourage women, particularly those in high-risk groups, to make frequent ANC visits and receive early ANC initiation to ensure high coverage of the recommended IPTp dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Nkoka
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wu Chuang
- Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Chen
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Owusu-Boateng I, Anto F. Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy: a cross-sectional survey to assess uptake of the new sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine five dose policy in Ghana. Malar J 2017; 16:323. [PMID: 28797296 PMCID: PMC5553599 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-017-1969-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria in pregnancy poses a great risk to both mother and fetus. In Ghana, malaria accounts for 3.4% of deaths and 16.8% of all hospital admissions in pregnant women. In 2014, Ghana updated her policy on intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) to reflect the updated policy of the WHO. This study determined the level of uptake of sulfadoxine pyrimethamine (SP) to serve as baseline for monitoring progress and also reviewed stock levels of SP, a key factor in the programme implementation. METHODS A cross-sectional hospital-based study was carried out among nursing mothers who had delivered within 12 weeks and were seeking postnatal care at Osu Government Maternity Home in Accra. Antenatal record books of the mothers were reviewed and data collected on number of visits and receipt of IPTp-SP. Mothers were interviewed and data collected on their background characteristics and obstetric history. Data on SP stock levels for the past 6 months were also reviewed. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine antenatal indicators on uptake of IPTp-SP using Stata version 12. RESULTS The proportion of uptake of three-five doses of SP were: IPT3 (87.5%), IPT4 (55.7%) and IPT5 (14.5%). The proportion of women who received the first dose of SP at 16 weeks of gestation was 21.3%. Women who made ≥4 visits were more likely to receive ≥3 doses of SP than those who made <4 visits (AOR = 4.57, 95% CI 1.15-18.16, p < 0.05). Women receiving the first dose of SP in the third trimester were less likely to receive ≥3 doses of SP than those who received the drug in the second trimester (AOR = 0.04, 95% CI 0.01-0.16, p < 0.05). Stock levels of SP were adequate to meet the demands by the pregnant women at the Maternity Home for the period under review. CONCLUSIONS The uptake of ≥3 doses of SP was high in the study area. Frequent visits to the antenatal clinic and early uptake of the first dose of SP by pregnant women are necessary to achieve the new target of five or more doses of SP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Owusu-Boateng
- School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.,Civil Service Polyclinic, Accra, Ghana
| | - Francis Anto
- School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.
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