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Souleiman Y, Ismail L, Eftimie R. Modeling and investigating malaria P. Falciparum and P. Vivax infections: Application to Djibouti data. Infect Dis Model 2024; 9:1095-1116. [PMID: 39006106 PMCID: PMC11245922 DOI: 10.1016/j.idm.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Malaria is an infectious and communicable disease, caused by one or more species of Plasmodium parasites. There are five species of parasites responsible for malaria in humans, of which two, Plasmodium Falciparum and Plasmodium Vivax, are the most dangerous. In Djibouti, the two species of Plasmodium are present in different proportions in the infected population: 77% of P. Falciparum and 33% of P. Vivax. In this study we present a new mathematical model describing the temporal dynamics of Plasmodium Falciparum and Plasmodium Vivax co-infection. We focus briefly on the well posedness of this model and on the calculation of the basic reproductive numbers for the infections with each Plasmodium species that help us understand the long-term dynamics of this model (i.e., existence and stability of various eqiuilibria). Then we use computational approaches to: (a) identify model parameters using real data on malaria infections in Djibouti; (b) illustrate the influence of different estimated parameters on the basic reproduction numbers; (c) perform global sensitivity and uncertainty analysis for the impact of various model parameters on the transient dynamics of infectious mosquitoes and infected humans, for infections with each of the Plasmodium species. The originality of this research stems from employing the FAST method and the LHS method to identify the key factors influencing the progression of the disease within the population of Djibouti. In addition, sensitivity analysis identified the most influential parameter for Falciparium and Vivax reproduction rates. Finally, the uncertainty analysis enabled us to understand the variability of certain parameters on the infected compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahyeh Souleiman
- Centre de Recherche en Mathématiques et Numérique (CRMN), University of the Djibouti, Campus Balbala, Djibouti
| | - Liban Ismail
- Centre de Recherche en Mathématiques et Numérique (CRMN), University of the Djibouti, Campus Balbala, Djibouti
| | - Raluca Eftimie
- Laboratoire Mathématiques de Besançon (LMB), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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Abdi Moussa R, Papa Mze N, Yonis Arreh H, Abdillahi Hamoud A, Mohamed Alaleh K, Mohamed Aden F, Yonis Omar AR, Osman Abdi W, Kayad Guelleh S, Ahmed Abdi AI, Basco LK, Abdi Khaireh B, Bogreau H. Assessment of the Performance of Lactate Dehydrogenase-Based Rapid Diagnostic Test for Malaria in Djibouti in 2022-2023. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:262. [PMID: 38337778 PMCID: PMC10854848 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14030262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Until 2020, Djiboutian health authorities relied on histidine-rich protein-2 (HRP2)-based rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) to establish the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum. The rapid spread of P. falciparum histidine-rich protein-2 and -3 (pfhrp2/3) gene-deleted parasite strains in Djibouti has led the authorities to switch from HRP2-based RDTs to lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-based RDTs targeting the plasmodial lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) specific for P. falciparum and P. vivax (RapiGEN BIOCREDIT Malaria Ag Pf/Pv pLDH/pLDH) in 2021. This study was conducted with the primary objective of evaluating the diagnostic performance of this alternative RDT. Operational constraints related, in particular, to the implementation of this RDT during the COVID-19 pandemic were also considered. The performance of BIOCREDIT Malaria Ag Pf/Pv (pLDH/pLDH) RDT was also compared to our previously published data on the performance of two HRP2-based RDTs deployed in Djibouti in 2018-2020. The diagnosis of 350 febrile patients with suspected malaria in Djibouti city was established using two batches of RapiGEN BIOCREDIT Malaria Ag Pf/Pv (pLDH/pLDH) RDT over a two-year period (2022 and 2023) and confirmed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The sensitivity and specificity for the detection of P. falciparum were 88.2% and 100%, respectively. For P. vivax, the sensitivity was 86.7% and the specificity was 100%. Re-training and closer supervision of the technicians between 2022 and 2023 have led to an increased sensitivity to detect P. falciparum (69.8% in 2022 versus 88.2% in 2023; p < 0.01). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis highlighted a better performance in the diagnosis of P. falciparum with pLDH-based RDTs compared with previous HRP2-based RDTs. In Djibouti, where pfhrp2-deleted strains are rapidly gaining ground, LDH-based RDTs seem to be more suitable for diagnosing P. falciparum than HRP2-based RDTs. Awareness-raising and training for technical staff have also been beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahma Abdi Moussa
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France (L.K.B.)
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Nasserdine Papa Mze
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France (L.K.B.)
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Houssein Yonis Arreh
- Laboratoire National de Référence, Hôpital Peltier, Ministère de la Santé, Djibouti ville 98230, Djibouti
| | | | - Kahiya Mohamed Alaleh
- Caisse Nationale de Sécurité Sociale (CNSS), Djibouti ville 98230, Djibouti (K.M.A.)
| | - Fatouma Mohamed Aden
- Caisse Nationale de Sécurité Sociale (CNSS), Djibouti ville 98230, Djibouti (K.M.A.)
| | - Abdoul-Razak Yonis Omar
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic, Centre de Santé Communautaire d’Einguela, Ministère de la Santé, Djibouti ville 98230, Djibouti
| | - Warsama Osman Abdi
- Caisse Nationale de Sécurité Sociale (CNSS), Djibouti ville 98230, Djibouti (K.M.A.)
| | - Samatar Kayad Guelleh
- Programme National de Lutte Contre le Paludisme, Ministère de la Santé, Djibouti ville 98230, Djibouti;
| | - Abdoul-Ilah Ahmed Abdi
- Service de Santé des Armées, Présidence de la République, Djibouti ville 98230, Djibouti;
| | - Leonardo K. Basco
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France (L.K.B.)
| | - Bouh Abdi Khaireh
- UNDP Djibouti, Global Fund to Fight AIDS-TB-Malaria, Djibouti ville 98230, Djibouti;
| | - Hervé Bogreau
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France (L.K.B.)
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 13005 Marseille, France
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Shittu O, Oniya MO, Olusi TA. Circulating platelets and malaria severity: two sides of the same coin among inhabitants of a tropical savannah region, Nigeria. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:2503-2511. [PMID: 37658925 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07949-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Changes in circulating platelets during different grades of malaria are of major concerns, and its etiology is poorly understood. We appraised and evaluated the role of circulating platelets in the determination of the severity of malaria among a cohort of outpatients living in Ilorin, Nigeria. A hospital-based case-control study of outpatients visiting public health facilities within the locality voluntarily enrolled for this study. Blood samples from 1162 malaise patients were screened using routine microscopy for Plasmodium parasite species identification, and their respective circulating platelet levels were determined. Seven hundred and seventy-five individuals (775, 66.7%, p<0.001) were malaria-positive. Samples from 387 (33.3%) uninfected healthy individuals were used as controls. Individuals with uncomplicated malaria (UCM) and complicated malaria (CM) across age group were notable (p<0.05). Children ≤5 years had the highest number of individuals with CM (103, 45.2%) with a relative risk ratio of 4.005 (95% CI: 2.964-5.413). UCM (471, 40.5%) occurred more than CM (304, 26.2%) (p>0.05) across the groups. The geometric mean, 95% CI, median, and IQR of populations with malaria thrombocytopenia were higher (181, 110.94±2.207, 106.59-115.30, 118.00, and 39.00) than thrombocytosis (78, 624.64±13.131, 598.49-650.79, 623.00, and 208). Seemingly, health controls recorded insignificant morbidity with respect to platelet counts. High P. falciparum parasitemia is inversely correlated with platelet count, and its' morbidity is associated with the manifestation of several malaria pathogenesis. Thrombocytopenia is a silent pathophysiological attribute that can trigger other cofactors during severe malaria disease. Although further studies are pertinent in order to specifically clarify its relevance to clinical disease spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olalere Shittu
- Parasitology and Public Health Unit, Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - Mobolanle Oladipo Oniya
- Parasitology and Public Health Unit, Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Titus Adeniyi Olusi
- Parasitology and Public Health Unit, Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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Moussa RA, Papa Mze N, Arreh HY, Hamoud AA, Alaleh KM, Omar ARY, Abdi WO, Guelleh SK, Abdi AIA, Aboubaker MH, Basco LK, Khaireh BA, Bogreau H. Correction: Molecular investigation of malaria-infected patients in Djibouti city (2018-2021). Malar J 2023; 22:168. [PMID: 37254163 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04598-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rahma Abdi Moussa
- Université d'Aix Marseille, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic, Caisse Nationale de Sécurité Sociale (CNSS), Djibouti, Republic of Djibouti
| | - Nasserdine Papa Mze
- Université d'Aix Marseille, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Houssein Yonis Arreh
- Laboratoire National de Référence, Hôpital Général Peltier, Ministère de La Santé, Djibouti, Republic of Djibouti
| | - Aicha Abdillahi Hamoud
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic, Caisse Nationale de Sécurité Sociale (CNSS), Djibouti, Republic of Djibouti
| | - Kahiya Mohamed Alaleh
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic, Caisse Nationale de Sécurité Sociale (CNSS), Djibouti, Republic of Djibouti
| | - Abdoul-Razak Yonis Omar
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic, Centre de Santé Communautaire d'Einguela, Ministère de La Santé, Djibouti, Republic of Djibouti
| | - Warsama Osman Abdi
- Caisse Nationale de Sécurité Sociale (CNSS), Djibouti, Republic of Djibouti
| | - Samatar Kayad Guelleh
- Programme National de Lutte Contre Le Paludisme, Direction des Programmes de Santé Prioritaires, Ministère de La Santé, Djibouti, Republic of Djibouti
| | - Abdoul-Ilah Ahmed Abdi
- Service de Santé des Armées, Présidence de la République, Djibouti, Republic of Djibouti
| | - Mohamed Houmed Aboubaker
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic, Caisse Nationale de Sécurité Sociale (CNSS), Djibouti, Republic of Djibouti
| | - Leonardo K Basco
- Université d'Aix Marseille, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Bouh Abdi Khaireh
- UNDP Djibouti, Global Fund to Fight AIDS-TB-Malaria, Djibouti, Republic of Djibouti
| | - Hervé Bogreau
- Université d'Aix Marseille, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France.
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