Association between dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet and hyperuricemia among Chinese adults: findings from a nationwide representative study

Serum uric acid as a biomarker for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: insights from ultrasound elastography in a Chinese cohort

BACKGROUND

To evaluate the association between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), defined as excessive fat accumulation in the liver accompanied by at least one cardiometabolic risk factor, reflecting metabolic abnormalities associated with the condition, in a Chinese adult population.

METHODS

This study included 3829 participants aged ≥ 18 years who underwent abdominal transient elastography and had complete SUA data. SUA was categorized into low, medium, and high tertiles. Hepatic steatosis was defined as a controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) ≥ 248 dB/m. MASLD diagnosis followed the latest definitions by relevant liver disease associations. Logistic regression analyzed the association between SUA and MASLD. Restricted cubic spline regression assessed non-linear relationships.

RESULTS

A total of 1737 participants were diagnosed with MASLD. SUA levels were higher in the MASLD group (5.79 ± 1.50 mg/dL) than in the non-MASLD group (5.03 ± 1.35 mg/dL). SUA was linearly related to MASLD (P for nonlinearity = 0.8451). Both medium and high SUA groups had increased MASLD risk compared to the low SUA group (P < 0.05). Each unit increase in SUA was associated with a 14% higher risk of MASLD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.14, P = 0.0004).

CONCLUSIONS

This study highlights the association between SUA levels and MASLD, suggesting that SUA may serve as a potential biomarker for MASLD risk assessment. Monitoring SUA levels could inform preventive strategies and facilitate early intervention, contributing to improved MASLD management.

Consumption of fruits, vegetables, and nuts influences the association between serum uric acid and hypertension in Korean adults: A nationwide survey (KNHANES 2016-2021)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

This study investigated the influence of dietary intake on the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and the risk of hypertension.

METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN

Data from the 7th and 8th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally representative survey, were analyzed. A total of 19,140 adults aged 19-64 years were included. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24-hour recall method. SUA levels were measured using a Hitachi Automatic Analyzer 7600-210. Hyperten-sion was defined as a systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, or the use of antihypertensive medication. Statistical analyses included generalized linear regression, Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel analysis, and multivariate logistic regression.

RESULTS

The highest SUA quartile (Q4) had an odds ratio (OR) of 1.68 (95% CI: 1.41-1.99) for hypertension compared to the lowest quartile (Q1). Additionally, the association between elevated SUA levels and increased hypertension risk was stronger in participants who consumed fewer fruits (OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.44-2.21), vegetables (1.80, 1.43-2.25), nuts (1.87, 1.51-2.33), and milk (2.20, 1.73-2.79). The ORs (95 % CI) for the highest SUA quartile on hypertension were 1.68 (1.39-2.04), 1.35 (1.13-1.62), and 1.89 (1.57-2.27) in those consuming more seafood, meat, and alcohol, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Reduced intake of fruits, vegetables, nuts, and milk, and increased consumption of seafood and alcohol, exacerbates the positive association between SUA levels and the risk of hypertension. These findings suggest dietary modifications as a potential strategy for hypertension prevention and management.

Preparation and Efficacy Evaluation of Antihyperuricemic Peptides from Marine Sources

Marine-derived foods, often called blue foods, are promising sustainable alternatives to conventional food sources owing to their abundant amino acids and high protein content. Current treatments for hyperuricemia, a chronic condition attributed to purine metabolism disorders, are associated with various side effects. Novel peptide xanthine oxidase inhibitors have been discovered in the hydrolyzed products of marine fish and invertebrate proteins, which have demonstrated promising therapeutic potential by reducing uric acid levels in vitro and in vivo. This review explores the potential therapeutic effects of xanthine oxidase inhibitors derived from marine fish and invertebrates, summarizes the methods for extracting bioactive peptides from marine organisms, and emphasizes the impact of different proteases on the structure-activity relationship of bioactive peptides. The hypouricemic effects of these bioactive peptides warrant further verification. There is consensus on the in vitro chemical methods used to verify the xanthine oxidase inhibitory effects of these peptides. Considering several cell and animal model development strategies, this review summarizes several highly recognized modeling methods, proposes strategies to improve the bioavailability of bioactive peptides, and advocates for a diversified evaluation system. Although the screening and evaluation methods for antihyperuricemic peptides have been shown to be feasible across numerous studies, they are not optimal. This review examines the deficiencies in bioavailability, synthesis efficiency, and evaluation mechanisms in terms of their future development and proposes potential solutions to address these issues. This review provides a novel perspective for the exploration and application of marine-derived hypouricemic bioactive peptides.