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Ayoola RT, Olujimi OO, Bada BS, Dedeke GA. Seasonal variations in the levels of glyphosate in soil, water and crops from three farm settlements in Oyo state, Nigeria. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20324. [PMID: 37809706 PMCID: PMC10560061 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the concentration of glyphosate in water (groundwater and surface), soil (top and sub) on cassava and maize farms within 3 farm settlements (Akufo, Ilora and Otiri Ipapo) from Ido, Oyo and Iseyin Local Government Areas of Oyo state, Nigeria. Samples of Top and sub soil were taken from the farms while water was collected from wells (groundwater) and streams (surface water) around each farm settlement using standard methods. Crops (cassava and Maize) samples were collected from each of the selected farm after harvest. The samples were collected over a six-month period to reflect seasonal variation. The glyphosate levels were determined using HPLC-FLD after liquid-liquid extraction technique for water and soxhlet extraction for soil crops The pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS) values for groundwater were within the WHO limits while values recorded for surface water were above the WHO limits. The phosphate and nitrate values were high in surface water compared to groundwater. High concentration of the exchangeable cations were recorded at the top soil for all the farms with values ranging from 4.0 ± 0.1 to 8.2 ± 0.0 for Ca2+, 2.9 ± 0.0 to 5.1 ± 0.1 for Mg2+, 0.3 ± 0.2 to 0.55 ± 0.0 for Na+, and 0.32 ± 0.0 to 8.2 ± 0.0 for K+. the residual concentration of glyphosate taken from wells and taps (groundwater) were within the maximum concentration of glyphosate in drinking water (0.7 mgL-1). Glyphosate concentrations observed were higher in soil samples from all farm settlements during wet season compared to dry, higher concentrations were also observed in surface water during wet season (August) compared to dry, with Akufo farm settlement having the highest concentrations of 29.40 ± 0.83 mgL-1. The glyphosate residues were also higher in cassava (0.3 ± 0.0 mgKg-1) compared to maize (0.07 ± 0.08 mgKg-1) across each farm settlement. Generally, the higher concentrations observed during wet season in both soil and water samples were as a result of active farm activities during wet season and run off respectively. If herbicide usage is not properly monitored within these settlements, it can pose a threat to aquatic animals and humans around the settlements, thus a sustainable and conservative farming is advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhoda Titilope Ayoola
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, College of Environmental Resources Management, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Olanrewaju Olusoji Olujimi
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, College of Environmental Resources Management, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Babtunde Saheed Bada
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, College of Environmental Resources Management, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Katushabe C, Kumaran S, Masabo E. Internet of things based visualisation of effect of air pollution on the lungs using HEPA filters air cleaner. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17799. [PMID: 37539206 PMCID: PMC10395148 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of air quality on human health and the environment is very significant, with poor air quality being responsible for numerous deaths and environmental damage worldwide. Whereas a number of studies have been done to monitor the quality of air with help of emerging technologies, little has been done to visualize its effect on health particularly on the lungs. The study explores an approach that combines Internet of Things (IoT) technology with High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters air cleaner to monitor and visualize the effects of air pollution on lung health, highlighting the significant damage that poor air quality causes particularly on the lungs graphically. To achieve this, a 3D display of the lungs is modelled using HEPA filters, which changes colour based on the air pollutant concentrations detected by IoT-based sensors. The collected air quality data is then transmitted to Thingspeak, a visualization platform for further analysis. It is observed that the colour of the 3D lung display changed to black over time as air pollutant concentrations increased which in our study is an indicator of unhealthy lung. The study presents an innovative approach to visualize the effects of air pollution on lung health using IoT and HEPA filters air cleaner, which could have significant implications for public health policies aimed at mitigating the harmful effects of air pollution, particularly on lung health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calorine Katushabe
- African Center of Excellence in Internet of Things (ACEIoT), College of Science and Technology (C.S.T.), University of Rwanda, Nyarugenge, Kigali, P.O. Box 3900, Kigali, Rwanda
- Department of Computer Science & Information Technology, Faculty of Computing, Library and Information Science, Kabale University, Street, Kabale, P.O. Box 317, Kabale, Uganda
| | - Santhi Kumaran
- School of ICT, Copperbelt University, KITWE, KITWE, P.O. Box: 21692, KITWE, Zambia
| | - Emmanuel Masabo
- African Center of Excellence in Data Science (ACEDS), College of Business and Economics (CBE), University of Rwanda, Kigali, Kigali, P.O. Box 3900, Kigali, Rwanda
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An Exploratory Investigation of Government Air Monitoring Data after Hurricane Harvey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095559. [PMID: 35564954 PMCID: PMC9100209 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Southeast Texas is home to some of the largest refineries in the United States. During Hurricane Harvey, emergency shutdowns took place. In this exploratory investigation, we examine how government air monitors performed in measuring air quality in Beaumont, Texas during and in the months following Hurricane Harvey. Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) data from two active air monitors in Beaumont, Texas were analyzed during the year 2017–2018. Concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitric oxide (NO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), ozone, benzene, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) were investigated. The number of hours and days no data were reported by air monitors were also investigated. Yearly maximum values (MAX, all in parts per billion (ppb)) in 2017 for SO2, NO, and NOx (53.7, 113.4, 134, respectively) and their respective standard deviations (SD: 1.3, 3.4, and 14) were higher as compared to 2018 (MAX, all in ppb and (SD) = 40.9, (1.4); 103.9, (3.3); 123.8, (14), respectively). The data capture rate for these chemicals were between 88 and 97% in both years. During the months following Hurricane Harvey (August–December 2017) there was an increase in most maximum values. The yearly averages for H2S were 0.68 ppb (SD 1.02) in 2017 and 0.53 ppb (SD 1.07) in 2018. Missing days were observed for both the H2S and NOx air monitors, with the highest number observed in 2017 (213 missing days) for the air monitor measuring H2S. We identified that residents of Beaumont, Texas are exposed daily to low-level concentrations of air pollutants. H2S is released each day at a level high enough to be smelled. Data capture rates for air monitors are not always above 90%. Improved air quality data and disaster preparations are needed in Beaumont, Texas.
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Fernandes JMPA, de Aguiar Pontes Pamplona Y, Vaz JA, Pereira AR, Barbieri CLA, Braga ALF, Martins LC. Association between high-risk pregnancy and environmental contaminants in the Metropolitan Region of Baixada Santista, Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:14552-14560. [PMID: 34613545 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16794-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Metropolitan Region of Baixada Santista (MRBS) is a highly contaminated area. High-risk pregnancy is one factor that leads to a higher chance of both morbidity and mortality of the mother-fetus binomial. The purpose of this study is to analyze the association between exposure to environmental contaminants and high-risk pregnancy. Case-control study, using a probabilistic and random sample composed of 201 high-risk pregnant women (cases) and 201 no high-risk pregnant women (control) followed up during prenatal care at a Public Hospital. The instrument used was a self-administered questionnaire. Contaminated areas data were obtained from the Environmental Company of the São Paulo State. The participants were georeferenced by their place of residence. Descriptive analysis, Chi-square test, and univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed. The multiple logistic regression model demonstrated that living in a contaminated area (OR = 1.565; 95%CI: 1.033; 2.370), preterm delivery in the current pregnancy (OR = 1.989; 95%CI: 1.239; 3.194), and more than 35 years old (OR = 2.822; 95%CI: 1.692; 4.706) are factors jointly related to high-risk pregnancy. Environmental contaminants play an important role in high-risk pregnancy, and mitigating measures are needed to improve the environment and reduce high-risk pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joice Maria Pacheco Antonio Fernandes
- Exposure and Environmental Risk Assessment Group-Postgraduate Program in Collective Health, Catholic University of Santos, Av. Conselheiro Nebias, 300, Santos, São Paulo, CEP: 11045-003, Brazil
| | - Ysabely de Aguiar Pontes Pamplona
- Exposure and Environmental Risk Assessment Group-Postgraduate Program in Collective Health, Catholic University of Santos, Av. Conselheiro Nebias, 300, Santos, São Paulo, CEP: 11045-003, Brazil
| | - Jhonnes Alberto Vaz
- Centro de Ciencias Exatas, Arquitetura E Engenharia da Universidade Católica de Santos, Av. Conselheiro Nebias, 300, Santos, São Paulo, CEP: 11045-003, Brazil
| | - Amanda Rodrigues Pereira
- Exposure and Environmental Risk Assessment Group-Postgraduate Program in Collective Health, Catholic University of Santos, Av. Conselheiro Nebias, 300, Santos, São Paulo, CEP: 11045-003, Brazil
| | - Carolina Luísa Alves Barbieri
- Exposure and Environmental Risk Assessment Group-Postgraduate Program in Collective Health, Catholic University of Santos, Av. Conselheiro Nebias, 300, Santos, São Paulo, CEP: 11045-003, Brazil
| | - Alfésio Luís Ferreira Braga
- Exposure and Environmental Risk Assessment Group-Postgraduate Program in Collective Health, Catholic University of Santos, Av. Conselheiro Nebias, 300, Santos, São Paulo, CEP: 11045-003, Brazil
- Environmental Epidemiology Study Group, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 450, São Paulo, CEP: 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Lourdes Conceição Martins
- Exposure and Environmental Risk Assessment Group-Postgraduate Program in Collective Health, Catholic University of Santos, Av. Conselheiro Nebias, 300, Santos, São Paulo, CEP: 11045-003, Brazil.
- Environmental Epidemiology Study Group, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 450, São Paulo, CEP: 01246-903, Brazil.
- , São Paulo, Brazil.
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Rodríguez López S, Tumas N, Ortigoza A, de Lima Friche AA, Diez-Roux AV. Urban social environment and low birth weight in 360 Latin American cities. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:795. [PMID: 33902522 PMCID: PMC8073945 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10886-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Using data compiled by the SALURBAL project (Urban Health in Latin America; 'Salud Urbana en América Latina') we quantified variability in low birth weight (LBW) across cities in Latin America, and evaluated the associations of socio-economic characteristics at various levels (maternal, sub-city and city) with the prevalence of LBW. METHODS The sample included 8 countries, 360 cities, 1321 administrative areas within cities (sub-city units) and birth registers of more than 4.5 million births for the year 2014. We linked maternal education from birth registers to data on socioeconomic characteristics of sub-cities and cities using the closest available national population census in each country. We applied linear and Poisson random-intercept multilevel models for aggregated data. RESULTS The median prevalence of city LBW by country ranged from a high of 13% in Guatemala to a low of 5% in Peru (median across all cities was 7.8%). Most of the LBW variability across sub-cities was between countries, but there were also significant proportions between cities within a country, and within cities. Low maternal education was associated with higher prevalence of LBW (Prevalence rate ratios (PRR) for less than primary vs. completed secondary or more 1.12 95% CI 1.10, 1.13) in the fully adjusted model. In contrast, higher sub-city education and a better city social environment index were independently associated with higher LBW prevalence after adjustment for maternal education and age, city population size and city gross domestic product (PRR 1.04 95% CI 1.03, 1.04 per SD higher sub-city education and PRR 1.02 95% CI 1.00, 1.04 per SD higher SEI). Larger city size was associated with a higher prevalence of LBW (PRR 1.06; 95% CI 1.01, 1.12). CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the presence of heterogeneity in the distribution of LBW and the importance of maternal education, local and broader social environments in shaping LBW in urban settings of Latin America. Implementing context-sensitive interventions guided to improve women's education is recommended to tackle LBW in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Rodríguez López
- Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas y Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Natalia Tumas
- Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas y Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana Ortigoza
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Ana V Diez-Roux
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
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Kundu M, Rajesh, Krishnan P, Gajjala S. Comparative Studies of Screen-Printed Electrode Based Electrochemical Biosensor with the Optical Biosensor for Formaldehyde Detection in Corn. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-021-02604-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Cooper CM, Langman JB, Sarathchandra D, Vella CA, Wardropper CB. Perceived Risk and Intentions to Practice Health Protective Behaviors in a Mining-Impacted Region. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7916. [PMID: 33126668 PMCID: PMC7672644 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Effective risk communication strategies are critical to reducing lead exposure in mining-impacted communities. Understanding the strength of the associations between perceived risk and individuals' behavioral intentions to protect their health is important for developing these strategies. We conducted a survey within three communities of northern Idaho, USA (n = 306) in or near a Superfund Megasite with legacy mining contamination. Survey data were used to test a theoretical model based on the Health Belief Model. Respondents had higher intentions to practice health protective behaviors when they perceived the risk of lead contamination as severe and recognized the benefits of practicing health protective behaviors. Women reported higher behavioral intentions than men, but age and mining affiliation were not significantly associated with behavioral intentions. Although managing lead hazards in communities impacted by mining is challenging due to widely distributed contamination, effective health risk messages, paired with remediation, are powerful tools to protect the health and safety of residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M. Cooper
- Water Resources Graduate Program, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Jeff B. Langman
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA;
| | | | - Chantal A. Vella
- Department of Movement Sciences and WWAMI Medical Education Program, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA;
| | - Chloe B. Wardropper
- Department of Natural Resources and Society, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA;
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Allaouat S, Reddy VK, Räsänen K, Khan S, Lumens ME. Educational interventions for preventing lead poisoning in workers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 2020:CD013097. [PMID: 35819457 PMCID: PMC8095058 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013097.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational lead exposure can lead to serious health effects that range from general symptoms (depression, generalised ache, and digestive signs, such as loss of appetite, stomach ache, nausea, diarrhoea, and constipation) to chronic conditions (cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases, cognitive impairment, kidney disease, cancers, and infertility). Educational interventions may contribute to the prevention of lead uptake in workers exposed to lead, and it is important to assess their effectiveness. OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of educational interventions for preventing lead uptake in workers exposed to lead. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and OSH UPDATE to 5 June 2020, with no language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA We sought randomised controlled trials (RCT), cluster-RCTs (cRCT), interrupted time series (ITS), controlled before-after studies (CBA) and uncontrolled before-after studies that examined the effects of an educational intervention aimed at preventing lead exposure and poisoning in workers who worked with lead, for which effectiveness was measured by lead levels in blood and urine, blood zinc protoporphyrin levels and urine aminolevulinic acid levels. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened the search results, assessed studies for eligibility, and extracted data using standard Cochrane methods. We used the ROBINS-I tool to assess the risk of bias, and GRADE methodology to assess the certainty of the evidence. MAIN RESULTS We did not find any RCT, cRCT, ITS or CBA studies that met our criteria. We included four uncontrolled before-after studies studies, conducted between 1982 and 2004. Blood lead levels Educational interventions may reduce blood lead levels, but the evidence is very uncertain. In the short-term after the educational intervention, blood lead levels may decrease (mean difference (MD) 9.17 µg/dL, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.14 to 14.20; one study with high baseline blood lead level, 18 participants; very low-certainty evidence). In the medium-term, blood lead levels may decrease (MD 3.80 µg/dL, 95% CI 1.48 to 6.12; one study with high baseline blood lead level, 34 participants; very low-certainty evidence). In the long-term, blood lead levels may decrease when the baseline blood lead levels are high (MD 8.08 µg/dL; 95% CI 3.67 to 12.49; two studies, 69 participants; very low-certainty evidence), but not when the baseline blood lead levels are low (MD 1.10 µg/dL, 95% CI -0.11 to 2.31; one study, 52 participants, very low-certainty evidence). Urine lead levels In the long-term, urinary lead levels may decrease after the educational intervention, but the evidence is very uncertain (MD 42.43 µg/L, 95% CI 29.73 to 55.13; one study, 35 participants; very low-certainty evidence). Behaviour change The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of educational intervention on behaviour change. At medium-term follow-up after the educational intervention, very low-certainty evidence from one study (89 participants) found inconclusive results for washing before eating (risk ratio (RR) 1.71, 95% CI 0.42 to 6.91), washing before drinking (RR 1.37, 95% CI 0.61 to 3.06), and not smoking in the work area (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.46). Very low-certainty evidence from one study (21 participants) suggested that employers may improve the provision of fit testing for all respirator users (RR 1.87, 95% CI 1.16 to 3.01), and prohibit eating, drinking, smoking, and other tobacco use in the work area (RR 4.25, 95% CI 1.72 to 10.51), however, the results were inconclusive for the adequate provision of protective clothing (RR 1.40, 95% CI 0.82 to 2.40). At long-term follow-up, very low-certainty evidence from one study (89 participants) suggested that workers may improve washing before drinking (RR 3.24, 95% CI 1.09 to 9.61), but results were inconclusive for washing before eating (RR 11.71, 95% CI 0.66 to 208.33), and for not smoking in the work area (RR 1.56, 95% CI 0.98 to 2.50). Very low-certainty evidence from one study (21 participants) suggested that employers may improve the provision of fit testing for all respirator users (RR 1.70, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.63), may provide adequate protective clothing (RR 2.80, 95% CI 1.23 to 6.37), and may prohibit eating, drinking, smoking, and other tobacco use in the work area (RR 2.13, 95% CI 1.19 to 3.81). Improved knowledge or awareness of the adverse health effects of lead The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of educational intervention on workers' knowledge. At medium-term follow-up, questionnaires found that workers' knowledge may improve (MD 5.20, 95% CI 3.29 to 7.11; one study, 34 participants; very low-certainty evidence). At long-term follow-up, there may be an improvement in workers' knowledge (MD 5.80, 95% CI 3.89 to 7.71; one study, 34 participants; very low-certainty evidence), but results were inconclusive for employers' knowledge (RR 1.67, 95% CI 0.74 to 3.75; one study, 21 participants; very low-certainty evidence). None of the studies measured the other outcomes of interest: blood zinc protoporphyrin levels, urine aminolevulinic acid levels, air lead levels, and harms. One study provided the costs of each component of the intervention. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Educational interventions may prevent lead poisoning in workers with high baseline blood lead levels and urine lead levels but this is uncertain. Educational interventions may not prevent lead poisoning in workers with low baseline blood lead levels but this is uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Allaouat
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Viraj K Reddy
- George & Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Kimmo Räsänen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Occupational Health Unit, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sohaib Khan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mieke Egl Lumens
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Ambient air pollution is strongly linked to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. We summarize available published evidence regarding similar associations with diabetes across the life course. RECENT FINDINGS We performed a life-course survey of the recent literature, including prenatal, gestational, childhood/adolescence, and adult exposures to air pollution. Oxidative stress is identified as a key factor in both metabolic dysfunction and the effects of air pollution exposure, especially from fossil fuel combustion products, providing a plausible mechanism for air pollution-diabetes associations. The global burden of diabetes attributed to air pollution exposure is substantial, with a recent estimate that ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure contributes to more than 200,000 deaths from diabetes annually. There is a growing body of literature linking air pollution exposure during childhood and adulthood with diabetes etiology and related cardiometabolic biomarkers. A small number of studies found that exposure to air pollution during pregnancy is associated with elevated gestational diabetes risk among mothers. Studies examining prenatal air pollution exposure and diabetes risk among the offspring, as well as potential transgenerational effects of air pollution exposure, are very limited thus far. This review provides insight into how air pollutants affect diabetes and other metabolic dysfunction-related diseases across the different life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris C Lim
- School of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Yale University, 195 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - George D Thurston
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, USA.
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Wang X, Qi L, Peng Y, Xia W, Xu S, Li Y, Zhang H. Urinary concentrations of environmental metals and associating factors in pregnant women. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:13464-13475. [PMID: 30911968 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04731-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pregnant women, a vulnerable population, can be exposed to a variety of environmental metals that may adversely affect their health at elevated concentrations. Moreover, environmental exposure and risk disparities are associated with several factors such as sociodemographic characteristics, pregnancy complications, and nutritional supplementation indicators. Our aim was to investigate whether and how the urinary metal concentrations vary according to these factors in a large pregnancy and birth cohort. Urinary levels of seven metals including manganese, zinc, selenium, arsenic, cadmium, thallium, and lead were assessed in 7359 participants across Wuhan City in China. In all, 7359 urine samples from the third trimester were analyzed and 15 sociodemographic characteristics, pregnancy complications, and nutritional supplementation indicators were assessed: maternal age, household income, multivitamin supplements during pregnancy, etc. Concentrations of Zn, As, and Cd were detected in all urine samples; Mn, Se, Tl, and Pb were detected in 95.3%, 99.8%, 99.8%, and 99.9% urine samples, respectively. The geometric mean (GM) of creatinine-adjusted urinary Mn, Zn, Se, As, Cd, Tl, and Pb concentrations were 1.42, 505.44, 18.24, 30.49, 0.64, 0.55, and 3.69 μg/g. Factors that associated with environmental metals concentration were as follows: (1) Urinary Zn and Cd concentrations increased with maternal age. (2) Pregnant women with higher education had lower Cd concentrations. (3) Pregnant women with folic acid supplementation had lower Mn and with multivitamin supplementation had higher Se and lower Tl. Our results demonstrated that the maternal age, education level, folic acid supplementation, and multivitamin supplementation were significantly associated with environmental metal concentrations. Furthermore, studies are recommended to explore the influence of diet on biological metals concentrations in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- College of Health Science and Nursing, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Qi
- College of Health Science and Nursing, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongling Zhang
- College of Health Science and Nursing, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, Hubei, China.
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Dong C, Taylor MP, Zahran S. The effect of contemporary mine emissions on children's blood lead levels. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 122:91-103. [PMID: 30509512 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Broken Hill is home to Australia's oldest silver-zinc-lead mine. However, the precise source of childhood blood lead (PbB) exposures has been subject to considerable debate. Lead sources include natural soil Pb enrichment, legacy deposition, contemporary mining emissions, and Pb-based paint. OBJECTIVE To test whether contemporary mining emissions independently affect childhood PbB in Broken Hill. METHODS Children's (<5 years old) PbB measures from 2011 to 2015 (n = 4852), obtained from Broken Hill Child & Family Health Centre, were analyzed using generalised linear regression models, including covariates of household soil Pb, city dust Pb concentrations (PbD), demographic factors and Pb ore production. Two natural experiments involving wind direction and the 2009 dust storm were examined to test whether the PbB-distance gradient from the mining operations was influenced by contemporary emissions. The influence of contemporary emissions was further interrogated by examining the effect of ore production on PbB and PbD. RESULTS Children living downwind and proximate to the mine had substantially higher PbB outcomes than children similarly distant but upwind. Dust Pb deposition increased significantly with proximity to mining operations as well to Pb production (1991-2013). Average annual PbB correlated with Pb ore production (p < 0.01) with all subsets of children PbB levels responding with near unit elasticity to Pb ore production (p < 0.01). Pre- and post-analysis of the dust storm showed the PbB-distance gradient remained statistically unaltered further confirming contemporary emissions as a source of exposure. CONCLUSIONS Contemporary mining emissions influence children's PbB measures independent of other sources and need to be remediated to facilitate reductions in harmful exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyin Dong
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Mark Patrick Taylor
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Energy and Environmental Contaminants Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sammy Zahran
- Department of Economics, Centre for Disaster and Risk Analysis, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Naz S, Page A, Agho KE. Potential Impacts of Modifiable Behavioral and Environmental Exposures on Reducing Burden of Under-five Mortality Associated with Household Air Pollution in Nepal. Matern Child Health J 2018; 22:59-70. [PMID: 28755047 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-017-2355-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Household air pollution (HAP) is one of the leading causes of respiratory illness and deaths among young children in low and lower-middle income countries. This study examines for the first time trends in the association between HAP from cooking fuel and under-five mortality and measures the potential impact of interventions to reduce HAP using Nepal Demographic and Health Survey datasets (2001-2011). Methods A total of 17,780 living children across four age-groups (neonatal 0-28 days, post-neonatal 1-11 months, child 12-59 months and under-five 0-59 months) were included and multi-level logistic regression models were used for analyses. Population attributable fractions of key risk factors and potential impact fractions assessing the impact of previous interventions to reduce exposure prevalence were also calculated. Results Use of cooking fuel was associated with total under-five mortality (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.37-3.51, P = 0.001) in Nepal, with stronger associations evident for sub-group analyses of neonatal mortality (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.47-4.82, P = 0.001). Higher association was found in rural areas and for households without a separate kitchen using polluting fuel for cooking, and in women who had never breastfed for all age-groups of children. PIF estimates, assuming a 63% of reduction of HAP based on previously published interventions in Nepal, suggested that a burden of 40% of neonatal and 33% of under-five mortality cases associated with an indoor kitchen using polluting fuel could be avoidable. Conclusion Improved infrastructure and behavioral interventions could help reduce the pollution from cooking fuel in the household resulting in further reduction in under-five mortality in Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Naz
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Building 3, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2571, Australia.
| | - Andrew Page
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Building 3, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2571, Australia
| | - Kingsley Emwinyore Agho
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2571, Australia
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Allaouat S, Reddy VK, Räsänen K, Khan S, Lumens MEGL. Educational interventions for preventing lead poisoning in workers. Hippokratia 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Allaouat
- University of Eastern Finland; Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition; Yliopistonranta 1 Kuopio Finland FI-70210
| | - Viraj K Reddy
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health; Cochrane Work Review Group; Neulaniementie 4 Kuopio Finland 70101
| | - Kimmo Räsänen
- University of Eastern Finland; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Occupational Health Unit; PO Box 1627 Kuopio Finland 70211
| | - Sohaib Khan
- University of Eastern Finland; Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition; Yliopistonranta 1 Kuopio Finland FI-70210
| | - Mieke EGL Lumens
- Utrecht University; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS); Yalelaan 2 Utrecht Netherlands 3584CM
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Green D, Sullivan M, Cooper N, Dean A, Marquez C. A Pilot Study of Children's Blood Lead Levels in Mount Isa, Queensland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E1567. [PMID: 29236077 PMCID: PMC5750985 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14121567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Mount Isa, Queensland, is one of three Australian cities with significant lead emissions due to nonferrous mining and smelting. Unlike the two other cities with lead mines or smelters, Mount Isa currently has no system of annual, systematic, community-wide blood lead level testing; and testing rates among Indigenous children are low. In previous screenings, this group of children has been shown to have higher average blood lead levels than non-Indigenous children. The first aim of this study was to assess whether parents and children would participate in less invasive, rapid point-of-care capillary testing. The second aim was to measure blood lead levels among a range of children that roughly reflected the percentage of the Indigenous/non-Indigenous population. This pilot study is based on a convenience sample of children between the ages of 12 and 83 months who were recruited to participate by staff at a Children and Family Centre. Over three half-days, 30 children were tested using capillary blood samples and the LeadCare II Point-of-Care testing system. Rapid point-of-care capillary testing was well tolerated by the children. Of 30 children tested, 40% (n = 12) had blood lead levels ≥5 µg/dL and 10% had levels ≥10 µg/dL. The highest blood lead level measured was 17.3 µg/dL. The percentage of children with blood lead levels ≥5 µg/dL was higher among Indigenous children compared to non-Indigenous (64.2% compared to 18.8%) as was the geometric mean level (6.5 (95% CI, 4.7, 9.2) versus 2.4 (95% CI, 1.8, 3.1)), a statistically significant difference. Though based on a small convenience sample, this study identified 12 children (40%) of the sample with blood lead levels ≥5 µg/dL. Due to historical and ongoing heavy metal emissions from mining and smelting in Mount Isa, we recommend a multi-component program of universal blood lead level testing, culturally appropriate follow-up and intervention for children who are identified with blood lead levels ≥5 µg/dL. We further recommend focused outreach and assistance to the Indigenous community, and further control of emissions and remediation of existing environmental lead contamination in children's play and residential areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Green
- Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
- The ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Systems Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Marianne Sullivan
- Department of Public Health, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ 07470, USA.
| | - Nathan Cooper
- Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
- The ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Systems Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Annika Dean
- Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Cielo Marquez
- Sonic HealthPlus Super Clinic, Ryan Road, Mount Isa, QLD 4825, Australia.
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15
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Khan MN, B. Nurs CZ, Mofizul Islam M, Islam MR, Rahman MM. Household air pollution from cooking and risk of adverse health and birth outcomes in Bangladesh: a nationwide population-based study. Environ Health 2017; 16:57. [PMID: 28610581 PMCID: PMC5470285 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0272-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Household air pollution (HAP) from cooking with solid fuels has become a leading cause of death and disability in many developing countries including Bangladesh. We assess the association between HAP and risk of selected adverse birth and maternal health outcomes. METHODS Data for this study were extracted from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey conducted during 2007-2014. Selected adverse birth outcomes were acute respiratory infection (ARI) among children, stillbirth, low birth weight (LBW), under-five mortality, neonatal mortality and infant mortality. Maternal pregnancy complications and cesarean delivery were considered as the adverse maternal health outcomes. Place of cooking, use of solid fuel within the house boundary and in living room were the exposure variables. To examine the association between exposure and outcome variables, we used a series of multiple logistic regression models accounted for complex survey design. RESULTS Around 90% of the respondents used solid fuel within the house boundary, 11% of them used solid fuel within the living room. Results of multiple regression indicated that cooking inside the house increased the risk of neonatal mortality (aOR,1.25; 95% CI, 1.02-1.52), infant mortality (aOR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.00-1.40), ARI (aOR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.08-1.33), LBW (aOR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.10-1.43), and cesarean delivery (aOR,1.18; 95% CI, 1.01-1.29). Use of solid fuel, irrespective of cooking places, increased the risk of pregnancy complications (aOR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.19-1.55). Compared to participants who reported cooking outside the house, the risk of ARI, LBW were significantly high among those who performed cooking within the house, irrespective of type of cooking fuel. CONCLUSION Indoor cooking and use of solid fuel in household increase the risk of ARI, LBW, cesarean delivery, and pregnancy complication. These relationships need further investigation using more direct measures of smoke exposure and clinical measures of health outcomes. The use of clean fuels and structural improvement in household design such as provision of stove ventilation should be encouraged to reduce such adverse health consequences. TRAIL REGISTRATION Data related to health were collected by following the guidelines of ICF international and Bangladesh Medical Research Council. The registration number of data collection was 132,989.0.000, and the data-request was registered on March 11, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nuruzzaman Khan
- Department of Population Science, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, 2220 Bangladesh
| | | | - M. Mofizul Islam
- Department of Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Md Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205 Bangladesh
| | - Md Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Global Health Policy, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Schütte G, Eckerstorfer M, Rastelli V, Reichenbecher W, Restrepo-Vassalli S, Ruohonen-Lehto M, Saucy AGW, Mertens M. Herbicide resistance and biodiversity: agronomic and environmental aspects of genetically modified herbicide-resistant plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2017; 29:5. [PMID: 28163993 PMCID: PMC5250645 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-016-0100-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Farmland biodiversity is an important characteristic when assessing sustainability of agricultural practices and is of major international concern. Scientific data indicate that agricultural intensification and pesticide use are among the main drivers of biodiversity loss. The analysed data and experiences do not support statements that herbicide-resistant crops provide consistently better yields than conventional crops or reduce herbicide amounts. They rather show that the adoption of herbicide-resistant crops impacts agronomy, agricultural practice, and weed management and contributes to biodiversity loss in several ways: (i) many studies show that glyphosate-based herbicides, which were commonly regarded as less harmful, are toxic to a range of aquatic organisms and adversely affect the soil and intestinal microflora and plant disease resistance; the increased use of 2,4-D or dicamba, linked to new herbicide-resistant crops, causes special concerns. (ii) The adoption of herbicide-resistant crops has reduced crop rotation and favoured weed management that is solely based on the use of herbicides. (iii) Continuous herbicide resistance cropping and the intensive use of glyphosate over the last 20 years have led to the appearance of at least 34 glyphosate-resistant weed species worldwide. Although recommended for many years, farmers did not counter resistance development in weeds by integrated weed management, but continued to rely on herbicides as sole measure. Despite occurrence of widespread resistance in weeds to other herbicides, industry rather develops transgenic crops with additional herbicide resistance genes. (iv) Agricultural management based on broad-spectrum herbicides as in herbicide-resistant crops further decreases diversity and abundance of wild plants and impacts arthropod fauna and other farmland animals. Taken together, adverse impacts of herbicide-resistant crops on biodiversity, when widely adopted, should be expected and are indeed very hard to avoid. For that reason, and in order to comply with international agreements to protect and enhance biodiversity, agriculture needs to focus on practices that are more environmentally friendly, including an overall reduction in pesticide use. (Pesticides are used for agricultural as well non-agricultural purposes. Most commonly they are used as plant protection products and regarded as a synonym for it and so also in this text.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesine Schütte
- FSP BIOGUM Universität Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Eckerstorfer
- Umweltbundesamt GmbH/Environment Agency Austria (EAA), Spittelauer Lände 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Valentina Rastelli
- Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Wolfram Reichenbecher
- Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN), Konstantinstrasse 110, 53179 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Marja Ruohonen-Lehto
- Natural Environment Centre, Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), PO Box 140, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Martha Mertens
- Institut für Biodiversität–Netzwerk e.V. (ibn), Nußbergerstr. 6a, 93059 Regensburg, Germany
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