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Pulcastro H, Ziv-Gal A. Parabens effects on female reproductive health - Review of evidence from epidemiological and rodent-based studies. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 128:108636. [PMID: 38876430 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Parabens have been used as antimicrobial preservatives since the 1920s. The prevalent use of parabens increases their detection in the environment and in women's biological samples including reproductive tissues. Recent studies suggest parabens may alter endocrine function and thus female reproductive health may be affected. In this literature review, we summarize findings on parabens and female reproduction while focusing on epidemiological and rodent-based studies. The topics reviewed include paraben effects on cyclicity, pregnancy, newborn and pubertal development, reproductive hormones, and ovarian and uterine specific outcomes. Overall, the scientific literature on paraben effects on female reproduction is limited and with some conflicting results. Yet, some epidemiological and/or rodent-based experimental studies report significant findings in relation to paraben effects on cyclicity, fertility, gestation length, birth weight, postnatal development and pubertal onset, hormone levels, and hormone signaling in reproductive tissues. Future epidemiological and experimental studies are needed to better understand paraben effects on female reproduction while focusing on human related exposures including mixtures, physiologic concentrations of parabens, and multi-generational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Pulcastro
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ayelet Ziv-Gal
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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Wang L, Liu X, Zhao M, Li F, Liu J. Disruption of gonadotropin hormone biosynthesis by parabens: A potential development and reproduction-associated adverse outcome pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123716. [PMID: 38458526 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Parabens are widely used as antibacterial preservatives in foods and personal care products. The knowledge about the modes of toxic action of parabens on development and reproduction remain very limited. The present study attempted to establish a development and reproduction-associated adverse outcome pathway (AOP) by evaluating the effects of methylparaben (MP), ethylparaben (EP), propylparaben (PP) and butylparaben (BP) on the biosynthesis of gonadotropins, which are key hormones for development and reproduction. MP and BP significantly upregulated the mRNA and protein levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in pituitary gonadotropic cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Activation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) was required for gonadotropin biosynthesis induced by BP, but not MP. Molecular docking data further demonstrated the higher binding efficiency of BP to human GnRHR than that of MP, suggesting GnRHR as a potential molecular initiative event (MIE) for BP-induced gonadotropin production. L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) were found to be another candidate for MIE in gonadotropic cells response to both MP and BP exposure. The calcium-dependent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and ERK2 was subsequently required for MP- and BP-induced activation of GnRHR and L-type VGCCs pathways. In summary, MP and BP promoted gonadotropin biosynthesis through their interactions with cellular macromolecules GnRHR, L-type VGCCs, and subsequent key event ERK1/2. This is the first study to report the direct interference of parabens with gonadotropin biosynthesis and establish a potential AOP based on pathway-specific mechanism, which contributes to the effective screening of environmental chemicals with developmental and reproductive health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linping Wang
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Manqi Zhao
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Feixue Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Jing Liu
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Jovanovic N, Mustieles V, Althuser M, Lyon-Caen S, Alfaidy N, Thomsen C, Sakhi AK, Sabaredzovic A, Bayat S, Couturier-Tarrade A, Slama R, Philippat C. Associations between synthetic phenols, phthalates, and placental growth/function: a longitudinal cohort with exposure assessment in early pregnancy. Hum Reprod Open 2024; 2024:hoae018. [PMID: 38689737 PMCID: PMC11057944 DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is exposure to environmental chemicals associated with modifications of placental morphology and function? SUMMARY ANSWER Phthalates, a class of ubiquitous chemicals, showed an association with altered placental weight, placental vascular resistance (PVR), and placental efficiency. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Only a few epidemiological studies have assessed the effects of phenols and phthalates on placental health. Their results were affected by exposure measurement errors linked to the rapid excretion of these compounds and the reliance on a limited number of spot urine samples to assess exposure. STUDY DESIGN SIZE DURATION A prospective mother-child cohort, with improved exposure assessment for non-persistent chemicals, recruited participants between 2014 and 2017. Sample size ranged between 355 (placental parameters measured at birth: placental weight and placental-to-fetal weight ratio (PFR): a proxy for placental efficiency) and 426 (placental parameters measured during pregnancy: placental thickness and vascular resistance). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS SETTING METHODS Phenols (four parabens, two bisphenols, triclosan, and benzophenone-3), 13 phthalate metabolites, and two non-phthalate plasticizer metabolites were measured in within-subject pools of repeated urine samples collected during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy (median = 21 samples/trimester/woman). Placental thickness and PVR were measured during pregnancy. The placenta was weighed at birth and the PFR was computed. Both adjusted linear regression and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression were used to evaluate associations between phenols and phthalates (alone or as a mixture) and placental parameters. Effect modification by child sex was also investigated. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Several phthalate metabolites were negatively associated with placental outcomes. Monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) concentrations, during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, were associated with a decrease in both placental weight at birth (β = -20.1 g [95% CI: -37.8; -2.5] and β = -17.4 g [95% CI: -33.2; -1.6], for second and third trimester, respectively) and PFR (β = -0.5 [95% CI: -1, -0.1] and β = -0.5 [95% CI: -0.9, -0.1], for the second and third trimester, respectively). Additionally, MBzP was negatively associated with PVR during the third trimester (β= -0.9 [95% CI: -1.8; 0.1]). Mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), was negatively associated with PVR in both trimesters (β = -1.3, 95% CI: [-2.3, -0.2], and β = -1.2, 95% CI: [-2.4, -0.03], for the second and third trimester, respectively). After stratification for child sex, Σ diisononyl phthalate (DiNP) (either second or third-trimester exposures, depending on the outcomes considered) was associated with decreased PVR in the third trimester, as well as decreased placental weight and PFR in males. No associations were observed for phenol biomarkers. LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION False positives cannot be ruled out. Therefore, chemicals that were associated with multiple outcomes (MnBP and DiNP) or reported in existing literature as associated with placental outcomes (MBzP) should be considered as the main results. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our results are consistent with in vitro studies showing that phthalates target peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, in the family of nuclear receptors involved in key placental development processes such as trophoblast proliferation, migration, and invasion. In addition to placental weight at birth, we studied placental parameters during pregnancy, which could provide a broader view of how environmental chemicals affect maternal-fetal exchanges over the course of pregnancy. Our findings contribute to the increasing evidence indicating adverse impacts of phthalate exposure on placental health. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This work was supported by the French Research Agency-ANR (MEMORI project ANR-21-CE34-0022). The SEPAGES cohort was supported by the European Research Council (N°311765-E-DOHaD), the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-206-N°308333-892 HELIX), the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (N° 874583 ATHLETE Project, N°825712 OBERON Project), the French Research Agency-ANR (PAPER project ANR-12-PDOC-0029-01, SHALCOH project ANR-14-CE21-0007, ANR-15-IDEX-02 and ANR-15-IDEX5, GUMME project ANR-18-CE36-005, ETAPE project ANR-18-CE36-0005-EDeN project ANR-19-CE36-0003-01), the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety-ANSES (CNAP project EST-2016-121, PENDORE project EST-2016-121, HyPAxE project EST-2019/1/039, PENDALIRE project EST-2022-169), the Plan Cancer (Canc'Air project), the French Cancer Research Foundation Association de Recherche sur le Cancer-ARC, the French Endowment Fund AGIR for chronic diseases-APMC (projects PRENAPAR, LCI-FOT, DysCard), the French Endowment Fund for Respiratory Health, the French Fund-Fondation de France (CLIMATHES-00081169, SEPAGES 5-00099903, ELEMENTUM-00124527). N.J. was supported by a doctoral fellowship from the University Grenoble Alpes. V.M. was supported by a Sara Borrell postdoctoral research contract (CD22/00176), granted by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spain) and NextGenerationEU funds. The authors declare no conflict of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02852499.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Jovanovic
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Vicente Mustieles
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
- Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of Granada, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Granada, Spain
| | - Marc Althuser
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Fetal Medicine, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Sarah Lyon-Caen
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Nadia Alfaidy
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), IRIG department, INSERM U1292, and Grenoble Alpes University (UGA), Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | | - Sam Bayat
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Fetal Medicine, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Couturier-Tarrade
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Rémy Slama
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Claire Philippat
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
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Domínguez-Liste A, de Haro-Romero T, Quesada-Jiménez R, Pérez-Cantero A, Peinado FM, Ballesteros Ó, Vela-Soria F. Multiclass Determination of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Meconium: First Evidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in This Biological Compartment. TOXICS 2024; 12:75. [PMID: 38251030 PMCID: PMC10819471 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Major concerns have been raised about human exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during pregnancy. Effective methodologies for the assessment of this exposure are needed to support the implementation of preventive measures and the prediction of negative health effects. Meconium has proven a valuable non-invasive matrix for evaluating cumulative exposure to xenobiotics during the last two trimesters of pregnancy. The study objective was to develop a novel method to determine the presence in meconium of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), bisphenols, parabens, and benzophenones, EDCs that are widely used in the manufacture of numerous consumer goods and personal care products, including cosmetics. Ten PFASs, two bisphenols, four parabens, and four benzophenones were measured in meconium samples prepared by using a combination of Captiva Enhanced Matrix Removal (EMR) lipid cartridges with salt-assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) before the application of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Experimental parameters were optimized by applying different chemometric techniques. Limits of detection ranged from 0.05 to 0.1 ng g-1, and between-day variabilities (relative standard deviations) ranged from 6.5% to 14.5%. The method was validated by matrix-matched standard calibration followed by a recovery assay with spiked samples, obtaining percentage recoveries of 89.9% to 114.8%. The method was then employed to measure compounds not previously studied in this matrix in 20 meconium samples. The proposed analytical procedure yields information on cumulative in utero exposure to selected EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritz Domínguez-Liste
- Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain; (A.D.-L.); (Ó.B.)
| | - Teresa de Haro-Romero
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), E-18016 Granada, Spain; (T.d.H.-R.); (R.Q.-J.); (F.V.-S.)
- Clinical Laboratory Management Unit, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, E-18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Raquel Quesada-Jiménez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), E-18016 Granada, Spain; (T.d.H.-R.); (R.Q.-J.); (F.V.-S.)
- Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain
- Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, University of Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Ainhoa Pérez-Cantero
- Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, University of Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Francisco Manuel Peinado
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), E-18016 Granada, Spain; (T.d.H.-R.); (R.Q.-J.); (F.V.-S.)
- Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain
- Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, University of Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Óscar Ballesteros
- Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain; (A.D.-L.); (Ó.B.)
| | - Fernando Vela-Soria
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), E-18016 Granada, Spain; (T.d.H.-R.); (R.Q.-J.); (F.V.-S.)
- Clinical Laboratory Management Unit, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, E-18016 Granada, Spain
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Contini T, Béranger R, Multigner L, Klánová J, Price EJ, David A. A Critical Review on the Opportunity to Use Placenta and Innovative Biomonitoring Methods to Characterize the Prenatal Chemical Exposome. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:15301-15313. [PMID: 37796725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Adverse effects associated with chemical exposures during pregnancy include several developmental and reproductive disorders. However, considering the tens of thousands of chemicals present on the market, the effects of chemical mixtures on the developing fetus is still likely underestimated. In this critical review, we discuss the potential to apply innovative biomonitoring methods using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) on placenta to improve the monitoring of chemical exposure during pregnancy. The physiology of the placenta and its relevance as a matrix for monitoring chemical exposures and their effects on fetal health is first outlined. We then identify several key parameters that require further investigations before placenta can be used for large-scale monitoring in a robust manner. Most critical is the need for standardization of placental sampling. Placenta is a highly heterogeneous organ, and knowledge of the intraplacenta variability of chemical composition is required to ensure unbiased and robust interindividual comparisons. Other important variables include the time of collection, the sex of the fetus, and mode of delivery. Finally, we discuss the first applications of HRMS methods on the placenta to decipher the chemical exposome and describe how the use of placenta can complement biofluids collected on the mother or the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Contini
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rémi Béranger
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Luc Multigner
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Elliott J Price
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Arthur David
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
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Xu X, Wu H, Terry PD, Zhao L, Chen J. Impact of Paraben Exposure on Adiposity-Related Measures: An Updated Literature Review of Population-Based Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192316268. [PMID: 36498342 PMCID: PMC9740922 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Parabens are alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid that are commonly used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. Humans are exposed to parabens when they use these products and through diet. There are growing concerns that paraben exposure can adversely impact human health. The endocrine-disrupting and obesogenic properties of parabens have been observed in animal studies and in vitro, prompting the increase in population-based studies of paraben exposure and adiposity-related endpoints. In this review, we summarize epidemiological studies published between 2017 and 2022 that examined paraben exposure in utero, between birth and adolescence, and in adulthood, in relation to adiposity-related measures. Overall, these studies provide some evidence that suggests that paraben exposure, especially during critical development windows, is associated with adiposity-related measures. However, we have noted several limitations in these studies, including the predominance of cross-sectional studies, inconsistent sample collection procedures, and small sample sizes, which should be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyun Xu
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Haoying Wu
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Paul D. Terry
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Jiangang Chen
- Department of Public Health, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (J.C.)
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Pacyga DC, Talge NM, Gardiner JC, Calafat AM, Schantz SL, Strakovsky RS. Maternal diet quality moderates associations between parabens and birth outcomes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114078. [PMID: 35964672 PMCID: PMC10052883 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Maternal paraben exposure and diet quality are both independently associated with birth outcomes, but whether these interact is unknown. We assessed sex-specific associations of parabens with birth outcomes and differences by maternal diet quality. METHODS Illinois pregnant women (n = 458) provided five first-morning urines collected at 8-40 weeks gestation, which we pooled for quantification of ethylparaben, methylparaben, and propylparaben concentrations. We collected/measured gestational age at delivery, birth weight, body length, and head circumference within 24 h of birth, and calculated sex-specific birth weight-for-gestational-age z-scores and weight/length ratio. Women completed three-month food frequency questionnaires in early and mid-to-late pregnancy, which we used to calculate the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)-2010. Linear regression models evaluated sex-specific associations of parabens with birth outcomes, and differences in associations by average pregnancy AHEI-2010. RESULTS In this predominately non-Hispanic white, college-educated sample, maternal urinary paraben concentrations were only modestly inversely associated with head circumference and gestational length. However, methylparaben and propylparaben were inversely associated with birth weight, birth weight z-scores, body length, and weight/length ratio in female, but not male newborns. For example, each 2-fold increase in methylparaben concentrations was associated with -46.61 g (95% CI: -74.70, -18.51) lower birth weight, -0.09 (95% CI: -0.15, -0.03) lower birth weight z-scores, -0.21 cm (95% CI: -0.34, -0.07) shorter body length, and -0.64 g/cm (95% CI: -1.10, -0.19) smaller weight/length ratio in females. These inverse associations were more prominent in females of mothers with poorer diets (AHEI-2010 < median), but attenuated in those with healthier diets (AHEI-2010 ≥ median). In newborn males of mothers with healthier diets, moderate inverse associations emerged for propylparaben with gestational length and head circumference. CONCLUSIONS Maternal diet may moderate associations of parabens with birth size in a sex-specific manner. Additional studies may consider understanding the inflammatory and metabolic mechanisms underlying these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Pacyga
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Nicole M Talge
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Joseph C Gardiner
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Susan L Schantz
- The Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61802, USA; The Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Rita S Strakovsky
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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8
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Sarzo B, Abumallouh R, Marín N, Llop S, Beneito A, Lopez-Flores I, Ferrero N, Sakhi AK, Ballester F, Lopez-Espinosa MJ. Association between phenols and thyroid hormones: The role of iodothyronine deiodinase genes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:119926. [PMID: 35964788 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Previous literature on prenatal phenol exposure and thyroid hormone (TH) alteration is conflicting, and the possible mechanisms of action involved remain unclear. We aimed to examine the association between prenatal phenol exposure and levels of maternal and neonatal THs, as well as the possible role of iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO) gene polymorphisms in this relation. We studied 387 Spanish mother-neonate pairs with measurements of maternal phenols, total triiodothyronine (TT3) and free thyroxine (FT4), maternal and neonatal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and maternal genotypes for single nucleotide polymorphisms in the DIO1(rs2235544) and DIO2(rs12885300) genes. We implemented multivariate linear and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regressions to examine the association between phenols and THs (including sex-stratified models for neonatal TSH) and investigated effect modification of genotypes in the maternal phenol-TH associations. In single exposure models, we found negative associations between maternal triclosan (TCS) and neonatal TSH (% change [95%CI]: -2.95 [-5.70, -0.11], per twofold phenol increase) - stronger for girls - and less clearly for maternal ethylparaben (EPB) and TSH (-2.27 [-4.55, 0.07]). In phenol mixture models, we found no association with THs. In the genetic interaction models, we found some evidence of effect modification of DIO gene polymorphisms with stronger negative associations between methylparaben (MPB), propylparaben (PPB), butylparaben (BPB) and TT3 as well as bisphenol A (BPA) and FT4 for DIO1(rs2235544)-CC. Stronger inverse associations for genotypes DIO2(rs12885300)-CC and DIO2(rs12885300)-CT and positive ones for DIO2(rs12885300)-TT were also reported for BPA and FT4. In conclusion, we found some evidence of an association between phenols and TSH during pregnancy and at birth in single exposure models, the latter being stronger for girls. Since no association was observed between maternal levels of phenols and TT3 or FT4, the possible role of the genetic background in these associations warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Sarzo
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Valencia, Spain; Department of Microbiology and Ecology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; School of Mathematics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Reem Abumallouh
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Marín
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sabrina Llop
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Andrea Beneito
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Nerea Ferrero
- Clinical Chemistry Unit, Public Health Laboratory of Bilbao, Bizcaia, Spain
| | | | - Ferran Ballester
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Nursing and Chiropody, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Lopez-Espinosa
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Nursing and Chiropody, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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9
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Zhang L, Zhang J, Dai Y, Guo J, Lv S, Wang Z, Xu S, Lu D, Qi X, Feng C, Liang W, Xu H, Cao Y, Wang G, Zhou Z, Wu C. Prenatal exposure to parabens in association with cord serum adipokine levels and offspring size at birth. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134725. [PMID: 35487354 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraben exposure is linked to the release of adipokine such as leptin and adiponectin, and both paraben and adipokine may affect fetal growth. The present study aimed to explore the associations among maternal paraben exposure, adipokine level and offspring size. METHODS 942 mother-newborn pairs from the Sheyang Mini Birth Cohort Study (SMBCS) were enrolled. Data of birth weight, length, head circumference and ponderal index (PI) were obtained from medical records. Maternal urinary parabens were determined by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Cord serum leptin and adiponectin were measured using ELISA assay. Generalized linear regression was applied to explore the associations among parabens, adipokines and offspring size. RESULTS The median levels of leptin and adiponectin were 13.13 μg/L and 161.82 μg/mL. Benzylparaben level was positively associated with leptin (regression coefficient (β) = 0.06, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03-0.09; p < 0.01). Leptin level was positively associated with neonatal weight (β = 84.11, 95% CI: 63.22-105.01; p < 0.01), length (β = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.14-0.37; p < 0.01), head circumference (β = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.07-0.22; p < 0.01) and PI (β = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.08-0.39; p < 0.01). Adiponectin was positively associated with neonatal weight (β = 75.94, 95% CI: 29.65-122.23; p < 0.01) and PI (β = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.09-0.77; p = 0.01). Urinary propylparaben concentration (β = -0.10, 95% CI: -0.17 to -0.02; p = 0.01) was negatively associated with head circumference. Sex-stratified analyses indicated the negative association of propylparaben and head circumference was only remained in male neonates. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal paraben exposure might affect cord serum leptin levels. Both paraben and adipokine levels may affect fetal growth, and sex-specific differences may exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Public Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiming Zhang
- School of Public Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yiming Dai
- School of Public Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jianqiu Guo
- School of Public Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shenliang Lv
- School of Public Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- School of Public Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Sinan Xu
- School of Public Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dasheng Lu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Xiaojuan Qi
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Weijiu Liang
- Changning District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.39 Yunwushan Road, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Changning District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.39 Yunwushan Road, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, 70182, Sweden
| | - Guoquan Wang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- School of Public Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Chunhua Wu
- School of Public Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Reimann B, Vrijens K, Roels HA, Wang C, Cosemans C, Van Overmeire I, Nawrot TS, Plusquin M. In utero exposure to parabens and early childhood BMI z-scores - Associations between placental ethyl paraben, longitudinal BMI trajectories and cord blood metabolic biomarkers. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 157:106845. [PMID: 34474324 PMCID: PMC8484768 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parabens are used as antimicrobial preservatives in personal care products. Few studies have dealt with adverse health outcomes, transplacental transfer, and obesogenic effects of prenatal exposure to parabens. We examined the association between placental paraben levels and cord blood metabolic biomarkers, considering modulating effects of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and underlying epigenetic mechanisms, and investigated longitudinal effects of in utero paraben exposure on early childhood trajectories of BMI z-scores. METHODS Placental concentrations of four parabens [methyl (MeP), ethyl (EtP), propyl (PrP), and butyl (BuP)] were measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry in 229 placentas of the ENVIRONAGE birth cohort. The association with cord blood metabolic biomarkers [glucose, insulin, γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), high-density and low-density lipoprotein (HDL and LDL)] was analyzed in multiple regression models with two different sets of, a priori selected potential confounders, additionally stratified for different maternal BMI groups and assessed by causal mediation analysis. The association between placental paraben concentration and differential DNA methylation of CpGs annotated to GGT and longitudinal measurements of BMI z-scores were investigated with adjusted linear mixed models. RESULTS The geometric means of placental MeP, EtP, PrP, and BuP levels above the limit of detection (LOD) were 4.42, 1.32, 1.51, and 0.35 ng/g respectively, with only EtP showing sufficient (88%) measurements above LOD for further analyses. An interquartile ratio (IQR) increase in placental EtP was associated with an increase of 12.61 % (95% CI: 1.80 24.57) in the geometric mean of cord GGT activity, and with a decrease of -3.64 % (95% CI: -6.80 to -0.39) in the geometric mean of cord glucose. Placental EtP levels were significantly associated with hypermethylation of cg08612779 annotated to GGT7 after correcting for multiple testing (ß = 0.0017, p = 0.049). An interquartile ratio (IQR) increment in placental EtP was associated with a decrease in longitudinal BMI z-score of 0.27 points (95% CI: -0.46 to -0.088). CONCLUSION Prenatal EtP exposure may affect early childhood BMI. The association of placental EtP with cord blood GGT and glucose levels provides a starting point for further research on mechanisms of paraben-related metabolic processes in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Reimann
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Karen Vrijens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Harry A Roels
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Congrong Wang
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Cosemans
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ilse Van Overmeire
- Sciensano, Chemical and Physical Health Risks, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department of Public Health, Environment & Health Unit, Leuven University (KU Leuven), Kapucijnenvoer 35, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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Andersen MHG, Zuri G, Knudsen LE, Mathiesen L. Placental transport of parabens studied using an ex-vivo human perfusion model. Placenta 2021; 115:121-128. [PMID: 34601208 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parabens are a group of chemicals widely used as preservatives in daily consumer products such as cosmetics, food items, pharmaceuticals and household commodities. They have been broadly detected in human samples indicating a general human exposure, and concerns arose from their potential endocrine disrupting effect. Especially the exposure to parabens during pregnancy is concerning, as the time of fetal development is a particularly vulnerable period. The aim of this study was to investigate the transport and metabolism of four commonly used parabens: methyl-, ethyl-, propyl- and butylparaben (MeP, EtP, PrP and BuP) and the metabolite para-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) across the human placenta. METHODS An ex-vivo human placental perfusion model was used. The test compounds were added in the maternal compartment (with initial concentrations of 1 mM or 0.1 mM). Placental transport was evaluated by fetal-maternal concentration ratios (FM-ratio), transport index (TI) and indicative permeability (IP). RESULTS Information about parabens kinetics was taken from 10 perfusions and PHBA from 7 perfusions. Paraben metabolism was not detected. The placental transport of MeP, EtP, PrP, BuP and PHBA revealed a transfer from maternal to fetal circulations with FM120 of 0.86 ± 0.27 (MeP), 0.98 ± 0.28 (EtP), 1.00 ± 0.28 (PrP), 1.12 ± 0.59 (BuP) and 0.82 ± 0.37 (PHBA). The test substances accumulated in the perfused tissue in some degree. The average kinetic parameters FM-ratio, TI and IP were not different between chemicals. DISCUSSION The present study shows that the placenta barrier is permeable to all four parabens and the metabolite, which implies potential fetal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Helena Guerra Andersen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark; The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, DK-1014, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Giuseppina Zuri
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth E Knudsen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Line Mathiesen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
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Padmanabhan V, Moeller J, Puttabyatappa M. Impact of gestational exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals on pregnancy and birth outcomes. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2021; 92:279-346. [PMID: 34452689 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With the advent of industrialization, humans are exposed to a wide range of environmental chemicals, many with endocrine disrupting potential. As successful maintenance of pregnancy and fetal development are under tight hormonal control, the gestational exposure to environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) have the potential to adversely affect the maternal milieu and support to the fetus, fetal developmental trajectory and birth outcomes. This chapter summarizes the impact of exposure to EDCs both individually and as mixtures during pregnancy, the immediate and long-term consequences of such exposures on the mother and fetus, the direct and indirect mechanisms through which they elicit their effects, factors that modify their action, and the research directions to focus future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob Moeller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Association of placental concentrations of phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals with cognitive functioning in preschool children from the Environment and Childhood (INMA) Project. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 230:113597. [PMID: 32795877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Developmental exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) and other phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may affect child neurodevelopment, but data on the effects of prenatal exposure to phenols on cognitive function remain sparse. Our aim was to examine the association of placental concentrations of several phenolic EDCs, including BPA, parabens (PBs), and benzophenones (BzPs), with cognitive development in preschool children from the Environment and Childhood (INMA) Project in Spain. Concentrations of BPA, four PBs (methylparaben [MePB], ethylparaben [EtPB], propylparaben [PrPB], and butylparaben [BuPB]), and six BzPs (BzP-1, BzP-2, BzP-3, BzP-6, BzP-8, and 4-hydroxybenzophenone [4-OH-BzP]) were measured in 490 placenta samples randomly selected from five INMA cohorts collected between 2000 and 2008. Neuropsychological assessment of cognitive and motor function was performed with the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities (MSCA) at the age of 4-5 years. Associations were assessed in a sub-sample of 191 mother-child pairs using linear and logistic regression models adjusted for confounding factors. PB compounds were detected in more than 71% of placentas, BPA in 62%, 4-OH-BzP in 50%, and the remaining BzPs in <9% of the samples. Because of the low detection frequency of BzP compounds, only 4-OH-BzP was included in the exposure-outcome analyses. After adjustment for confounders, BPA was associated with greater odds of scoring lower (below the 20th percentile) in the verbal (third vs. first exposure tertile: odds ratio [OR] = 2.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00; 5.81, p-trend = 0.05) and gross motor (detected vs. undetected: OR = 1.75, 95%CI = 1.06; 9.29) areas, and these associations were only significant for boys. Regarding PB compounds, PrPB was associated with lower scores in memory (detected vs. undetected: β = -4.96, 95%CI = -9.54; -0.31), span memory (OR = 2.50, 95%CI = 0.95; 6.92 and 2.71, 95%CI = 0.97; 6.64, respectively for second and third tertiles, p-trend = 0.03), and motor function (β = -5.15, 95%CI = -9.26; -0.01 for third vs. first exposure tertile, p-trend = 0.04). EtPB and total PBs concentrations in the second tertile were also associated with poorer visual function of posterior cortex and worse quantitative performance, respectively, but linear trends were not statistically significant. The associations of BPA and PrPB with poorer verbal, memory, and motor skills are novel observations that warrant further attention. Larger prospective studies are required to confirm whether prenatal exposure to BPA and other phenolic EDCs is associated with impaired cognitive development.
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