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Xu J, Yin T, Pan M, Qin L, Zhang L, Wang X, Zheng W, Liu C, Chen R. The mediating effect of TyG-related indicators between long-term exposure to particulate matter and cardiovascular disease: evidence from a national longitudinal cohort study. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:319. [PMID: 39334357 PMCID: PMC11437982 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02305-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient particulate matter (PM) exposure is recognized as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the extent to which PM exposure is associated with CVD via triglyceride glucose (TyG)-related indicators remains unknown. This study examines the relationship between long-term PM exposure and CVD events, further assessing whether TyG-related indicators mediate this association. METHODS This cohort study involved 7,532 individuals aged at least 45 years who were not diagnosed with CVD in 2011 from the China Longitudinal Study of Health and Retirement (CHARLS) and were followed up for the occurrence of CVD until 2020. The annual PM concentration data at the city level, with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 1 μm (PM1), ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), and ≤ 10 μm (PM10), were obtained from the ChinaHighAirPollutants (CHAP). The average concentration of PM in the 3 years before the baseline survey in 2011 was defined as the long-term exposure level of the individual. The relationship between PM exposure and CVD incidence was examined via Cox proportional hazards models, with a focus on probing the role of TyG-related indicators through mediation analysis. RESULTS A total of 1,865 individuals with CVD were diagnosed over the span of a 7.4-year follow-up period. The 3-year average concentrations before baseline were 31.29 µg/m³ for PM1, 56.03 µg/m³ for PM2.5, and 95.73 µg/m³ for PM10. In fully adjusted model, the Cox proportional hazards models revealed that an increase of 10 µg/m³ in the PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 exposure concentrations corresponded to elevated CVD risk, with HRs (95% CI) of 1.135 (1.078-1.195), 1.092 (1.062-1.123), and 1.075 (1.059-1.090), respectively. Mediation analyses further suggested that the correlation between PM exposure and CVD could be partly mediated via TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR, with mediation proportions varying from 5.54 to 15.30%. CONCLUSION A significant correlation was observed between long-term PM exposure and increased CVD risk, with TyG-related indicators, such as TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR, partially mediating this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Xu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tongle Yin
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengshan Pan
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Qin
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weijun Zheng
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cuiqing Liu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rucheng Chen
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China.
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Buwaniwal A, Sharma V, Gupta G, Rohj S, Kansal S. Long term analysis of air quality parameters for Ludhiana, India: sources, trends and health impact. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:432. [PMID: 39316208 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02200-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Ludhiana, a pollution hot spot in North India, has seen a rapid deterioration in air quality over the years due to urbanization and industrialization. This study interprets the variations of particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants (Nitrogen oxide, Nitrogen dioxide, NOX, Sulphur dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Benzene, Toluene, Ozone, and Ammonia) for the data observed from 2017 to 2023 in Ludhiana. This also covers the analysis focused on capturing the changes that occurred at the times of lockdown imposed during the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). The maximum 24-h averaged mass concentration values exceeded the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) of 100 µg/m3 for PM10 concentration and 60 µg/m3 for PM2.5 concentration in 2018 by the factor of 5 and 8. With the onset of the COVID-19 lockdown in 2020 year, PM10 and PM2.5 reached the minimum level while CO, T, O3, and NO2 increased by the factor of 3.9, 1.9, 1.4, and 1.3 from their previous year. This NO2 is a precursor of ozone formation, a higher NO2 to NO ratio observed during the lockdown, confirms the role of nitrogen compounds in the higher ozone formation rate. Based on the NO2/NO ratio, the probability rate of ozone formation determined using survival analysis is observed to be 94% from 2017 to 2023. The local sources' contribution to these air pollutants during Pre-Lockdown, Lockdown, and Post-Lockdown are analyzed using principal component analysis. The impact of the lockdown on ozone concentration sources has been observed. During the Pre- and Post-Lockdown phases, three sources (PC1, PC2, and PC3) were positively identified. Ozone levels are linked to PC3 in these phases, but during the lockdown, a negative loading in PC3 and positive loadings in PC1 and PC2 indicate a decrease in ozone from reduced emissions and an increase from secondary reactions involving nitrogen compounds. Moreover, the Toluene to Benzene concentration ratio is > 2, indicating the source of their origin from industrial emission or other non-traffic sources. Health assessment for the years 2017-2019 reveals a significant decrease in the number of cases of all-cause mortality, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associated with reducing PM2.5 concentrations to national and international standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Buwaniwal
- Department of Physics, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India
| | - Veena Sharma
- Department of Physics, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India
| | - Gagan Gupta
- Department of Physics, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India.
| | - Sumit Rohj
- Indian Institute of Management, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, 226013, India
| | - Sandeep Kansal
- Department of Physics, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India
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Koçak E, Balcılar İ. Spatio-temporal variation of particulate matter with health impact assessment and long-range transport - case study: Ankara, Türkiye. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 938:173650. [PMID: 38821284 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
A clean atmosphere should be provided as a right for human beings to live. The reality is that a significant proportion of the population is exposed to air pollution. This study presents an in-depth investigation into the spatio-temporal dynamics of PM2.5 concentrations in Ankara, Türkiye, spanning over three years. With particular emphasis on the impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures and local air quality management strategies, data from eight air pollution monitoring stations were analyzed. The findings indicate a significant reduction in PM2.5 levels during lockdown periods, with an average decrease of 18 % observed across the city. Implementing the Ankara Provincial Clean Air Action Plan further contributed to a 9.1 % decrease in PM2.5 concentrations in 2021, followed by an additional 6.6 % decrease in 2022 compared to 2020. The spatial distribution of PM2.5 concentrations reveals the influence of industrial and urban areas on pollution levels. Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) and Concentration-Weighted Trajectory (CWT) methods were employed to investigate the spatial and temporal variation of long-range transport source regions contributing to the PM2.5 levels in Ankara. PSCF and CWT analyses revealed a decreasing trend in anthropogenic contribution to PM2.5 from 2020 to 2022. The AirQ+ model was employed to predict the long-term mortality rates attributable to PM2.5 across different monitoring stations. Based on the estimations, all stations' average estimated attributable proportion is 9.8 % (3.3 %-27.8 %). The results depict varying trends in estimated mortality rates, emphasizing the importance of targeted interventions to mitigate the public health risks arising from exposure to polluted air. Overall, the results of this study show significant measures for the development of effective clean air quality strategies can effectively change the direction of the adverse impact of air pollution on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Koçak
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Aksaray University, 68100 Aksaray, Turkey.
| | - İlker Balcılar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Eskişehir Technical University, 26555 Eskişehir, Turkey.
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Zheng S, Jiang L, Qiu L. The effects of fine particulate matter on the blood-testis barrier and its potential mechanisms. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2024; 39:233-249. [PMID: 36863426 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2022-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
With the rapid expansion of industrial scale, an increasing number of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has bringing health concerns. Although exposure to PM2.5 has been clearly associated with male reproductive toxicity, the exact mechanisms are still unclear. Recent studies demonstrated that exposure to PM2.5 can disturb spermatogenesis through destroying the blood-testis barrier (BTB), consisting of different junction types, containing tight junctions (TJs), gap junctions (GJs), ectoplasmic specialization (ES) and desmosomes. The BTB is one of the tightest blood-tissue barriers among mammals, which isolating germ cells from hazardous substances and immune cell infiltration during spermatogenesis. Therefore, once the BTB is destroyed, hazardous substances and immune cells will enter seminiferous tubule and cause adversely reproductive effects. In addition, PM2.5 also has shown to cause cells and tissues injury via inducing autophagy, inflammation, sex hormones disorder, and oxidative stress. However, the exact mechanisms of the disruption of the BTB, induced by PM2.5, are still unclear. It is suggested that more research is required to identify the potential mechanisms. In this review, we aim to understand the adverse effects on the BTB after exposure to PM2.5 and explore its potential mechanisms, which provides novel insight into accounting for PM2.5-induced BTB injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaokai Zheng
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, P. R. China
| | - Lianlian Jiang
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, P. R. China
| | - Lianglin Qiu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, P. R. China
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Karimi B, Samadi S. Long-term exposure to air pollution on cardio-respiratory, and lung cancer mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2024; 22:75-95. [PMID: 38887768 PMCID: PMC11180069 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-024-00900-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Air pollution is a major cause of specific deaths worldwide. This review article aimed to investigate the results of cohort studies for air pollution connected with the all-cause, cardio-respiratory, and lung cancer mortality risk by performing a meta-analysis. Relevant cohort studies were searched in electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus). We used a random effect model to estimate the pooled relative risks (RRs) and their 95% CIs (confidence intervals) of mortality. The risk of bias for each included study was also assessed by Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) checklists. We applied statistical tests for heterogeneity and sensitivity analyses. The registration code of this study in PROSPERO was CRD42023422945. A total of 88 cohort studies were eligible and included in the final analysis. The pooled relative risk (RR) per 10 μg/m3 increase of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was 1.080 (95% CI 1.068-1.092) for all-cause mortality, 1.058 (95% CI 1.055-1.062) for cardiovascular mortality, 1.066 (95%CI 1.034-1.097) for respiratory mortality and 1.118 (95% CI 1.076-1.159) for lung cancer mortality. We observed positive increased associations between exposure to PM2.5, PM10, black carbon (BC), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with all-cause, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, and lung cancer mortality, but the associations were not significant for nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3). The risk of mortality for males and the elderly was higher compared to females and younger age. The pooled effect estimates derived from cohort studies provide substantial evidence of adverse air pollution associations with all-cause, cardiovascular, respiratory, and lung cancer mortality. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40201-024-00900-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrooz Karimi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Sadegh Samadi
- Department of Occupational Health and safety, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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Mohammadi MJ, Fouladi Dehaghi B, Mansourimoghadam S, Sharhani A, Amini P, Ghanbari S. Cardiovascular disease, mortality and exposure to particulate matter (PM): a systematic review and meta-analysis. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2024; 39:141-149. [PMID: 36302126 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2022-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
One of the main factors that causes health effects in humans such as hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease (HACVD), respiratory disease (RD), lung function, cardiovascular mortality (MCVD), lung cancer, and increased mortality is air pollution especially particulate matter (PM). This a systematic review and meta-analysis aims to investigate the effects of particulate matter on the occurrence of cardiovascular disease and mortality. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature was done from 2011 to 2021 based on various databases. Based on the result of this study, subgroup analysis based on temperature conditions showed a different estimation in cold cities (6.24, UR (4.36-8.12)), moderate cities (4.86, UR (3.57-6.15)) and warm cities (8.96, UR (7.06-10.86)). Test of group differences showed a significant difference (Q=12.22, p-value<0.001). There was publication bias among the studies (the Egger's test; (Z=14.18, p<0.001)). According result study pooled estimation of AP% for MCVD from the random-effect meta-analysis based on DerSimonian-Laird model, overall is 5.04, UR (3.65-6.43) (Figure 4). Subgroup analysis based on temperature conditions showed the estimation in cold cities (5.47, UR (3.97-6.97)) and moderate cities (4.65, UR (0.54-8.77)). Test of group differences showed a non-significant difference (Q=0.13, p-value=0.71). There was no publication bias among the studies (the Egger's test; (Z=0.82, p=0.376)). Exposed to air pollutants and particulate matter can be increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and cardiovascular mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Behzad Fouladi Dehaghi
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Environmental Technology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Asaad Sharhani
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Amini
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Ghanbari
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Cao Z, Yuan Y, White AJ, Li C, Luo Z, D’Aloisio AA, Huang X, Kaufman JD, Sandler DP, Chen H. Air Pollutants and Risk of Parkinson's Disease among Women in the Sister Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:17001. [PMID: 38175185 PMCID: PMC10766011 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollutants may contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease (PD), but empirical evidence is limited and inconsistent. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to prospectively investigate the associations of PD with ambient exposures to fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μ m (PM 2.5 ) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ). METHODS We analyzed data from 47,108 US women from the Sister Study, enrolled from 2003-2009 (35-80 years of age) and followed through 2018. Exposures of interest included address-level ambient PM 2.5 and NO 2 in 2009 and their cumulative averages from 2009 to PD diagnosis with varying lag-years. The primary outcome was PD diagnosis between 2009 and 2018 (n = 163 ). We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards and time-varying Cox models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS NO 2 exposure in 2009 was associated with PD risk in a dose-response manner. The HR and 95% CI were 1.22 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.46) for one interquartile [4.8 parts per billion (ppb)] increment in NO 2 , adjusting for age, race and ethnicity, education, smoking status, alcohol drinking, caffeine intake, body mass index, physical activity, census region, residential area type, area deprivation index (ADI), and self-reported health status. The association was confirmed in secondary analyses with time-varying averaged cumulative exposures. For example, the multivariable adjusted HR for PD per 4.8 ppb increment in NO 2 was 1.25 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.50) in the 2-year lag analysis using cumulative average exposure. Post hoc subgroup analyses overall confirmed the association. However, statistical interaction analyses found that the positive association of NO 2 with PD risk was limited to women in urban, rural, and small town areas and women with ≥ 50 th percentile ADI but not among women from suburban areas or areas with < 50 th percentile ADI. In contrast, PM 2.5 exposure was not associated with PD risk with the possible exception for women from the Midwest region of the US (HR interquartile -range = 2.49 , 95% CI: 1.20, 5.14) but not in other census regions. DISCUSSION In this nationwide cohort of US women, higher level exposure to ambient NO 2 is associated with a greater risk of PD. This finding needs to be independently confirmed and the underlying mechanisms warrant further investigation. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13009.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichun Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Yaqun Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Alexandra J. White
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chenxi Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Zhehui Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Aimee A. D’Aloisio
- Social & Scientific Systems, DLH Holdings Corporation, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joel D. Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Dale P. Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Honglei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Wang Q, Cao J. Atmospheric PM 2.5 exposure and risk of ischemic heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Perfusion 2024; 39:210-222. [PMID: 36342821 DOI: 10.1177/02676591221131485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter <2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) has been validated to associate with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) incidence and mortality. So far, no study has quantitatively evaluated the relationship between the atmospheric PM2.5 exposure and ischemic heart disease (IHD). We conducted a meta-analysis to illustrate the relationship between PM2.5 and IHD. Published articles were systematically searched (until June 2022) from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library. A random-effect model was performed to summarize the total relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 12.0 software. A total of 28 studies among 23 cohorts (23.38 million individuals and 256256 IHD cases) were included. With PM2.5 increasing 10 μg/m3, the total RRs of IHD incidence and mortality were 1.07 (95% CI: 0.99-1.17), 1.21 (95% CI: 1.15-1.28), respectively. In sub-analyses, our study revealed that the combined RRs of exposure to PM2.5 on IHD mortality in Asian and European population [1.11 (95% CI: 0.93-1.33); 1.06 (95% CI: 1.02-1.11)] were much lower compared with American and Canadian people [1.27 (95% CI: 1.17-1.37); 1.30 (95% CI: 1.24-1.35)]. Furthermore, study duration, size and some adjustments were related with the total RR. Our findings indicated that exposure of an increase in the concentration of atmospheric PM2.5 may increase the risk of IHD incidence and mortality. Further evidence is needed to confirmed the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingli Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Yancheng, China
| | - Jingyan Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Yancheng, China
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López-Granero C, Polyanskaya L, Ruiz-Sobremazas D, Barrasa A, Aschner M, Alique M. Particulate Matter in Human Elderly: Higher Susceptibility to Cognitive Decline and Age-Related Diseases. Biomolecules 2023; 14:35. [PMID: 38254635 PMCID: PMC10813119 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the significant impact of air quality, specifically particulate matter (PM), on cognitive decline and age-related diseases in the elderly. Despite established links to other pathologies, such as respiratory and cardiovascular illnesses, there is a pressing need for increased attention to the association between air pollution and cognitive aging, given the rising prevalence of neurocognitive disorders. PM sources are from diverse origins, including industrial activities and combustion engines, categorized into PM10, PM2.5, and ultrafine PM (UFPM), and emphasized health risks from both outdoor and indoor exposure. Long-term PM exposure, notably PM2.5, has correlated with declines in cognitive function, with a specific vulnerability observed in women. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been explored due to the interplay between them, PM exposure, and human aging, highlighting the crucial role of EVs, especially exosomes, in mediating the complex relationship between PM exposure and chronic diseases, particularly neurological disorders. To sum up, we have compiled the pieces of evidence that show the potential contribution of PM exposure to cognitive aging and the role of EVs in mediating PM-induced cognitive impairment, which presents a promising avenue for future research and development of therapeutic strategies. Finally, this review emphasizes the need for policy changes and increased public awareness to mitigate air pollution, especially among vulnerable populations such as the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caridad López-Granero
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, 44003 Teruel, Spain; (C.L.-G.); (D.R.-S.); (A.B.)
| | - Leona Polyanskaya
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diego Ruiz-Sobremazas
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, 44003 Teruel, Spain; (C.L.-G.); (D.R.-S.); (A.B.)
| | - Angel Barrasa
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, 44003 Teruel, Spain; (C.L.-G.); (D.R.-S.); (A.B.)
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Matilde Alique
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
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Jung I, Cho YJ, Park M, Park K, Lee SH, Kim WH, Jeong H, Lee JE, Kim GY. Proteomic analysis reveals activation of platelet- and fibrosis-related pathways in hearts of ApoE -/- mice exposed to diesel exhaust particles. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22636. [PMID: 38114606 PMCID: PMC10730529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49790-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is an environmental risk factor linked to multiple human diseases including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). While particulate matter (PM) emitted by diesel exhaust damages multiple organ systems, heart disease is one of the most severe pathologies affected by PM. However, the in vivo effects of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) on the heart and the molecular mechanisms of DEP-induced heart dysfunction have not been investigated. In the current study, we attempted to identify the proteomic signatures of heart fibrosis caused by diesel exhaust particles (DEP) in CVDs-prone apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice model using tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomic analysis. DEP exposure induced mild heart fibrosis in ApoE-/- mice compared with severe heart fibrosis in ApoE-/- mice that were treated with CVDs-inducing peptide, angiotensin II. TMT-based quantitative proteomic analysis of heart tissues between PBS- and DEP-treated ApoE-/- mice revealed significant upregulation of proteins associated with platelet activation and TGFβ-dependent pathways. Our data suggest that DEP exposure could induce heart fibrosis, potentially via platelet-related pathways and TGFβ induction, causing cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inkyo Jung
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeng2-ro, Osong-eub, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jin Cho
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Sookmyung Women's University, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhan Park
- School of Earth Science and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihong Park
- School of Earth Science and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hee Lee
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeng2-ro, Osong-eub, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ho Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeng2-ro, Osong-eub, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Sookmyung Women's University, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Geun-Young Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeng2-ro, Osong-eub, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Bennett M, Nault I, Koehle M, Wilton S. Air Pollution and Arrhythmias. Can J Cardiol 2023; 39:1253-1262. [PMID: 37023893 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is commonly defined as the contamination of the air we breathe by any chemical, physical, or biological agent that is potentially threatening to human and ecosystem health. The common pollutants known to be disease-causing are particulate matter, ground-level ozone, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide. Although the association between increasing concentrations of these pollutants and cardiovascular disease is now accepted, the association of air pollution and arrhythmias is less well established. In this review we provide an in-depth discussion of the association of acute and chronic air pollution exposure and arrhythmia incidence, morbidity, and mortality, and the purported pathophysiological mechanisms. Increases in concentrations of air pollutants have multiple proarrhythmic mechanisms including systemic inflammation (via increases in reactive oxygen species, tumour necrosis factor, and direct effects from translocated particulate matter), structural remodelling (via an increased risk of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction or by affecting the cell-to-cell coupling and gap junction function), and mitochondrial and autonomic dysfunction. Furthermore, we describe the associations of air pollution and arrhythmias. There is a strong correlation of acute and chronic air pollutant exposure and the incidence of atrial fibrillation. Acute increases in air pollution increase the risk of emergency room visits and hospital admissions for atrial fibrillation and the risk of stroke and mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation. Similarly, there is a strong correlation of increases of air pollutants and the risk of ventricular arrhythmias, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, and sudden cardiac death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Bennett
- Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Isabelle Nault
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael Koehle
- Division of Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Kinesiology and Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephen Wilton
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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12
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Wongnakae P, Chitchum P, Sripramong R, Phosri A. Application of satellite remote sensing data and random forest approach to estimate ground-level PM 2.5 concentration in Northern region of Thailand. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:88905-88917. [PMID: 37442931 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28698-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological studies have shown that particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter up to 2.5 μm (PM2.5) is associated with many health consequences, where PM2.5 concentration obtained from the monitoring station was normally applied as the exposure level, so that the concentration of PM2.5 in unmonitored areas has not been captured. The satellite-derived aerosol optical depth (AOD) product is then used to spatially predict ground truth of PM2.5 concentration that covers the locations with no air quality monitoring station, but this method has seldom been developed in Thailand. This study aimed at estimating ground-level PM2.5 concentration at 3 km × 3 km spatial resolution over Northern region of Thailand in 2021 using the random forest model integrating the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) AOD products from Terra and Aqua satellites, meteorological factors, and land use data. A random forest model contained 100 decision trees was utilized to train the model, and 10-fold cross-validation approach was implemented to validate the model performance. The good consistency between actual (observed) and predicted concentrations of PM2.5 in Northern region of Thailand was observed, where a coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) of the model fitting were 0.803 and 14.30 μg/m3, respectively, and those of 10-fold cross-validation approach were 0.796 and 14.64 μg/m3, respectively. The three most important predictors for estimating the ground-level concentrations of PM2.5 in this study were normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), relative humidity, and number of fire hotspot, respectively. Findings from this study revealed that integrating the MODIS AOD, meteorological variables, and land use data into the random forest model precisely and accurately estimated ground-level PM2.5 concentration over Northern region of Thailand that can be further used to investigate the effects of PM2.5 exposure on health consequences, even in unmonitored locations, in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pimchanok Wongnakae
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 4th Floor, 2nd Building, Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Pakkapong Chitchum
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 4th Floor, 2nd Building, Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Rungduen Sripramong
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 4th Floor, 2nd Building, Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Arthit Phosri
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 4th Floor, 2nd Building, Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, Ministry of Higher Education, Research, Science and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand.
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13
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Lv S, Shi Y, Xue Y, Hu Y, Hu M, Li S, Xie W, Li Y, Ouyang Y, Li Z, Liu M, Wei J, Guo X, Liu X. Long-term effects of particulate matter on incident cardiovascular diseases in middle-aged and elder adults: The CHARLS cohort study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115181. [PMID: 37393817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is evidence of long-term effects of particulate matter (PM) on cardiovascular diseases (CVD), researches about long-term effects of PM1 on CVD are limited. We aimed to examine the long-term effects and magnitude of PM, especially PM1, on incident CVD in China. METHODS We included 6016 participants aged ≥ 45 years without CVD at baseline in 2011 from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Personal PM (PM1, PM2.5, and PM10) concentrations were estimated using geocoded residential address. Generalized linear mixed models and SHapley Additive exPlanation were utilized to calculate the impacts and contributions of PM on CVD. Sensitivity analyses were used to check the robustness. RESULTS After a follow up of 4-year, 481 (7.99 %) participants developed CVD. Per 10 μg/m3 uptick in 1-year average concentrations of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 was associated with a 1.20 [95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.05-1.37], 1.13 (95 % CI: 1.11-1.15), and 1.10 (95 % CI: 1.06-1.13) fold risk of incident CVD, respectively. The 2-year average concentrations of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 were associated with incident CVD, corresponding to a 1.03 (95 % CI: 0.96-1.10), 1.11 (95 % CI: 1.02-1.21), and 1.09 (95 % CI: 1.03-1.15) fold risk, respectively. The SHapley Additive exPlanation values of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 were 0.170, 0.153, and 0.053, respectively, corresponding to the first, second, and fifth among all air pollutants. Effects of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 on CVD remained statistically significant in two-pollutant models. The elderly, males, smokers and alcohol drinkers tended to have slightly higher effects, while the differences were not statistically significant (all P-values > 0.05) between subgroups. CONCLUSION Long-term exposure to PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 was associated with an increased incidence of CVD. The smaller the particle size, the more important it was for incident CVD indicating that emphasis should be placed on small size of PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyun Lv
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yadi Shi
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yongxi Xue
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yaoyu Hu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Meiling Hu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shuting Li
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wenhan Xie
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yuan Li
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yixin Ouyang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China; National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Xiuhua Guo
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China; National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Xiangtong Liu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China.
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14
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Ma Y, Li D, Xie J, Hu Y, Su B, Tian Y. Exposure to various ambient air pollutants and 9 cardiovascular conditions among individuals with diabetes: A prospective analysis of the UK Biobank. Atherosclerosis 2023; 369:1-8. [PMID: 36822029 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The adverse effects of air pollutants on the risk of most cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are well-established, but the risk of CVDs such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or aortic valve stenosis have been underappreciated, especially in the diabetic population. This study aimed to evaluate associations between long-term air pollutants exposure and the risk of incident CVDs among participants with diabetes. METHODS This study included 27,827 participants with baseline diabetes from the UK Biobank. We then estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVDs associated with chronic air pollutant exposure in the diabetic population by fitting the Cox proportional hazards model. Moreover, we investigated the cardiovascular effects of air pollutants at concentrations below WHO guideline limits. RESULTS After multivariable adjustment, long-term NO2 and NOx exposures were positively associated with the development of 8 and 6 types of CVDs in participants with diabetes, respectively. In term of particulate matters, the effect estimates ranged from 1.51 (1.13, 2.03) (coronary artery disease) to 4.65 (2.73, 7.92) (peripheral arterial disease) per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5. Whereas, the effect estimates ranged from 1.15 (1.04, 1.27) (arterial hypertension) to 2.28 (1.40, 3.69) (pulmonary embolism) per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10. In addition, our study discovered that for most of the cardiovascular events (8 of 9), the deleterious effects of air pollutants persisted even when participants were exposed to air pollutants concentrations below WHO guideline limits. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to ambient NO2, NOx, PM2.5, and PM10, either at normal or low level, increased risk of various cardiovascular outcomes in the diabetic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudiyang Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China; Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Dankang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China; Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqing Xie
- Center for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, University of Oxford, The Botnar Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Yonghua Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Binbin Su
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, No.31, Beijige-3, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaohua Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China; Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Keller K, Haghi SHR, Hahad O, Schmidtmann I, Chowdhury S, Lelieveld J, Münzel T, Hobohm L. Air pollution impacts on in-hospital case-fatality rate of ischemic stroke patients. Thromb Res 2023; 225:116-125. [PMID: 36990953 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of evidence suggests that air pollution exposure is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. Data regarding the impact of long-term air pollution exposure on ischemic stroke mortality are sparse. METHODS The German nationwide inpatient sample was used to analyse all cases of hospitalized patients with ischemic stroke in Germany 2015-2019, which were stratified according to their residency. Data of the German Federal Environmental Agency regarding average values of air pollutants were assessed from 2015 to 2019 at district-level. Data were combined and the impact of different air pollution parameters on in-hospital case-fatality was analyzed. RESULTS Overall, 1,505,496 hospitalizations of patients with ischemic stroke (47.7% females; 67.4 % ≥70 years old) were counted in Germany 2015-2019, of whom 8.2 % died during hospitalization. When comparing patients with residency in federal districts with high vs. low long-term air pollution, enhanced levels of benzene (OR 1.082 [95%CI 1.034-1.132],P = 0.001), ozone (O3, OR 1.123 [95%CI 1.070-1.178],P < 0.001), nitric oxide (NO, OR 1.076 [95%CI 1.027-1.127],P = 0.002) and PM2.5 fine particulate matter concentrations (OR 1.126 [95%CI 1.074-1.180],P < 0.001) were significantly associated with increased case-fatality independent from age, sex, cardiovascular risk-factors, comorbidities, and revascularization treatments. Conversely, enhanced carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, PM10, and sulphur dioxide (SO2) concentrations were not significantly associated with stroke mortality. However, SO2-concentrations were significantly associated with stroke-case-fatality rate of >8 % independent of residence area-type and area use (OR 1.518 [95%CI 1.012-2.278],P = 0.044). CONCLUSION Elevated long-term air pollution levels in residential areas in Germany, notably of benzene, O3, NO, SO2, and PM2.5, were associated with increased stroke mortality of patients. RESEARCH IN CONTEXT Evidence before this study: Besides typical, established risk factors, increasing evidence suggests that air pollution is an important and growing risk factor for stroke events, estimated to be responsible for approximately 14 % of all stroke-associated deaths. However, real-world data regarding the impact of long-term exposure to air pollution on stroke mortality are sparse. Added value of this study: The present study demonstrates that the long-term exposure to the air pollutants benzene, O3, NO, SO2 and PM2.5 are independently associated with increased case-fatality of hospitalized patients with ischemic stroke in Germany. Implications of all the available evidence: The results of our study support the urgent need to reduce the exposure to air pollution by tightening emission controls to reduce the stroke burden and stroke mortality.
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16
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Zou H, Zhang S, Cai M, Qian ZM, Zhang Z, Chen L, Wang X, Arnold LD, Howard SW, Li H, Lin H. Ambient air pollution associated with incidence and progression trajectory of cardiometabolic diseases: A multi-state analysis of a prospective cohort. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 862:160803. [PMID: 36493826 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies on the association between ambient air pollution and cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) focused on a single disease, without considering cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) and the progression trajectory of CMDs. METHODS Based on the UK Biobank cohort, we included 372,530 participants aged 37-73 years at baseline (2006-2010) with follow-up until September 2021. Incident CMDs cases were identified based on self-reported information and multiple health-related records in the UK Biobank. CMM was defined as the occurrence of at least two CMDs, including ischemic heart disease (IHD), stroke and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Exposure to ambient air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), ≤10 μm (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) were estimated at participants' geocoded residential addresses based on the high-resolution (1 × 1 km) pollution data from 2001 to 2021 provided by UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. Multi-state models with adjustment for potential confounders were used to examine the impact of long-term exposure to ambient air pollution on transitions from healthy to first CMD (FCMD), subsequently to CMM, and further to death. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 12.6 years, 40,112 participants developed at least one CMD, 3896 developed CMM, and 21,739 died. Among the four pollutants, PM2.5 showed the strongest associations with all transitions from healthy to FCMD, to CMM, and then to death [hazard ratios (95 % confidence intervals) per interquartile range (IQR) increment: 1.62 (1.60, 1.64) and 1.68 (1.61, 1.76) for transitions from healthy to FCMD and from FCMD to CMM, and 1.62 (1.59, 1.66), 1.67 (1.61, 1.73), and 1.52 (1.38, 1.67) for death risk from healthy, FCMD, and CMM, respectively]. After dividing FCMDs into three specific CMDs, we found that ambient air pollution had differential impacts on disease-specific transitions within the same transition phase. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that there is potential for air pollution mitigation in contributing to the prevention of the development and progression of CMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Zou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Miao Cai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhengmin Min Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Zilong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lan Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lauren D Arnold
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Steven W Howard
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Haitao Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Service Management, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Goldsborough E, Gopal M, McEvoy JW, Blumenthal RS, Jacobsen AP. Pollution and cardiovascular health: A contemporary review of morbidity and implications for planetary health. AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL PLUS : CARDIOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2023; 25:100231. [PMID: 38510496 PMCID: PMC10946040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahjo.2022.100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Pollution is a leading cause of premature morbidity and mortality and an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Convincing data predict increased rates of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality with current and projected pollution burden trends. Multiple classes of pollutants - including criteria air pollutants, secondhand smoke, toxic steel pollutants, and manufactured chemical pollutants - are associated with varied cardiovascular disease risk profiles. To reduce the future risk of cardiovascular disease from anthropogenic pollution, mitigation strategies, both at the individual level and population level, must be thoughtfully and intentionally employed. The literature supporting individual level interventions to protect against cardiovascular disease is growing but lacks large clinical trials. Population level interventions are crucial to larger societal change and rely upon policy and governmental support. While these mitigation strategies can play a major role in maintaining the health of individuals, planetary health - the impact on human health because of anthropogenic perturbation of natural ecosystems - must also be acknowledged. Future research is needed to further delineate the planetary health implications of current and projected pollutant burden as well as the mitigation strategies employed to attenuate future pollutant burden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Medha Gopal
- Saint George's University School of Medicine, University Centre Grenada, West Indies, Grenada
| | - John William McEvoy
- National Institute for Prevention and Cardiovascular Health, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Roger S. Blumenthal
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan P. Jacobsen
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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18
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Taheri M, Nouri F, Ziaddini M, Rabiei K, Pourmoghaddas A, Shariful Islam SM, Sarrafzadegan N. Ambient carbon monoxide and cardiovascular-related hospital admissions: A time-series analysis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1126977. [PMID: 36969582 PMCID: PMC10031048 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1126977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Although several studies have investigated the association between air pollutants and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in recent years, a lack of evidence exists regarding carbon monoxide (CO) exposure, especially in the Eastern Mediterranean's polluted regions. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the short-term effect of CO exposure on daily CVD hospital admissions in Isfahan, a major city in Iran. Methods: Data were extracted from the CAPACITY study on daily CVD hospital admissions in Isfahan from March 2010 to March 2012. The 24-h mean CO concentrations were obtained from four local monitoring stations. In a time-series framework, the association between CO and daily hospitalizations for total and cause-specific CVDs in adults (ischemic heart disease (IHD), heart failure (HF), and cerebrovascular disease) was conducted using Poisson's (or negative binomial) regression, after adjusting for holidays, temperature, dew point, and wind speed, considering different lags and mean lags of CO. The robustness of the results was examined via two- and multiple-pollutant models. Stratified analysis was also conducted for age groups (18-64 and ≥65 years), sex, and seasons (cold and warm). Results: The current study incorporated a total of 24,335 hospitalized patients, (51.6%) male with a mean age of 61.9 ± 16.4 years. The mean CO concentration was 4.5 ± 2.3 mg/m³. For a 1 mg/m3 increase in CO, we found a significant association with the number of CVD hospitalizations. The largest adjusted percent change in HF cases was seen in lag0, 4.61% (2.23, 7.05), while that for total CVDs, IHD, and cerebrovascular diseases occurred in mean lag2-5, 2.31% (1.42, 3.22), 2.23% (1.04, 3.43), and 5.70% (3.59, 7.85), respectively. Results were found to be robust in two- and multiple-pollutant models. Although the associations changed for sex, age groups, and seasons, they remained significant for IHD and total CVD, except for the warm season, and for HF, except for the younger age group and cold seasons. Additionally, the exposure-response relationship curve of the CO concentrations with total and cause-specific CVD admissions showed non-linear relationships for IHD and total CVDs. Conclusions: Our results showed that exposure to CO contributed to an increase in the number of CVD hospitalizations. The associations were not independent of age groups, season, and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Taheri
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nouri
- Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Ziaddini
- Student Research Committee, Department of Occupational Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Katayoun Rabiei
- Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Pourmoghaddas
- Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Iran Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- *Correspondence: Ali Pourmoghaddas,
| | | | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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19
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Song J, An Z, Zhu J, Li J, Qu R, Tian G, Wang G, Zhang Y, Li H, Jiang J, Wu H, Wang Y, Wu W. Subclinical cardiovascular outcomes of acute exposure to fine particulate matter and its constituents: A glutathione S-transferase polymorphism-based longitudinal study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157469. [PMID: 35868381 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To explore the acute subclinical cardiovascular effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its constituents, a longitudinal study with 61 healthy young volunteers was conducted in Xinxiang, China. Linear mixed-effect models were used to analyze the association of PM2.5 and its constituents with cardiovascular outcomes, respectively, including blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), and platelet-monocyte aggregation (PMA). Additionally, the modifying effects of glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1) and glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) polymorphisms were examined. A 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with -1.04 (95 % CI: -1.86 to -0.22) mmHg and -0.90 (95 % CI: -1.69 to -0.11) mmHg decreases in diastolic BP (DBP) and mean arterial BP (MABP) along with 1.83 % (95 % CI: 0.59-3.08 %), 5.93 % (95 % CI: 0.70-11.16 %) increases in 8-OHdG and hs-CRP, respectively. Ni content was positively associated with the 8-OHdG levels whereas several other metals presented negative association with 8-OHdG and HR. Intriguingly, GSTT1+/GSTTM1+ subjects showed higher susceptibility to PM2.5-induced alterations of DBP and PMA, and GSTT1-/GSTM1+ subjects showed higher alteration on t-PA. Taken together, our findings indicated that short-term PM2.5 exposure induced oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, autonomic alterations, and fibrinolysis in healthy young subjects. Among multiple examined metal components Ni appeared to positively associated with systematic oxidative stress. In addition, GST-sufficient subjects might be more prone to PM2.5-induced autonomic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Song
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Zhen An
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Jingfang Zhu
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Juan Li
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Rongrong Qu
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Ge Tian
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Gui Wang
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Yange Zhang
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Huijun Li
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Yinbiao Wang
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Weidong Wu
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China.
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Poor Visibility in Winter Due to Synergistic Effect Related to Fine Particulate Matter and Relative Humidity in the Taipei Metropolis, Taiwan. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Visibility is important because it influences transportation safety. This study examined the relationships among sea–land breezes, relative humidity (RH), and the urban heat island (UHI) effect. The study also sought to understand how the synergistic effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and RH influence visibility. Hourly meteorological, PM2.5 concentration, and visibility data from 2016 to 2019 were obtained from government-owned stations. This study used quadratic equations, exponential functions, and multi-regression models, along with a comparison test, to analyse the relationships between these variables. While sea breezes alone cannot explain the presence of PM2.5, UHI circulation coupled with sea breezes during winter can promote the accumulation of PM2.5. The synergistic effects of RH, PM2,5, and aerosol hygroscopicity exist in synoptic patterns type I and type III. PM2.5 was negatively correlated with visibility in the winter, when the RH was 67–95% and the continental cold high-pressure (CCHP) system was over the Asian continent (type I), or when the RH was 49–89% and the CCHP had moved eastward, with its centre located beyond 125°E (type III). The synergistic predictor variable PM2.5×RH was more important than PM2.5 and RH individually in explaining the variation in visibility.
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