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Nakonieczna A, Abramowicz K, Kwiatek M, Kowalczyk E. Lysins as a powerful alternative to combat Bacillus anthracis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:366. [PMID: 38850320 PMCID: PMC11162388 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13194-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
This review gathers all, to the best of our current knowledge, known lysins, mainly bacteriophage-derived, that have demonstrated activity against Bacillus anthracis strains. B. anthracis is a spore-forming, toxin-producing bacteria, naturally dwelling in soil. It is best known as a potential biowarfare threat, an etiological agent of anthrax, and a severe zoonotic disease. Anthrax can be treated with antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, penicillin, doxycycline); however, their administration may take up even to 60 days, and different factors can compromise their effectiveness. Bacterial viruses, bacteriophages (phages), are natural enemies of bacteria and use their lytic enzymes, endolysins (lysins), to specifically kill bacterial cells. Harnessing the potential of lysins to combat bacterial infections holds promise for diminishing antibiotic usage and, consequently, addressing the escalating antibiotic resistance in bacteria. In this context, we list the lysins with the activity against B. anthracis, providing a summary of their lytic properties in vitro and the outcomes observed in animal models. Bacillus cereus strain ATCC 4342/RSVF1, a surrogate for B. anthracis, was also included as a target bacteria. KEY POINTS: • More than a dozen different B. anthracis lysins have been identified and studied. • They fall into three blocks regarding their amino acid sequence similarity and most of them are amidases. • Lysins could be used in treating B. anthracis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Nakonieczna
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Biological Threats Identification and Countermeasure Center, Puławy, 24-100, Poland.
| | - Karolina Abramowicz
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Biological Threats Identification and Countermeasure Center, Puławy, 24-100, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kwiatek
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Biological Threats Identification and Countermeasure Center, Puławy, 24-100, Poland
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Wang L, Liang Y, Luo P, Huang M, Wan Y. Novel partially reversible NDM-1 inhibitors based on the naturally occurring houttuynin. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107328. [PMID: 38583248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Discovering novel NDM-1 inhibitors is an urgent task for treatment of 'superbug' infectious diseases. In this study, we found that naturally occurring houttuynin and its sulfonate derivatives might be effective NDM-1 inhibitors with novel mechanism, i.e. the attribute of partially covalent inhibition of sulfonate derivatives of houttuynin against NDM-1. Primary structure-activity relationship study showed that both the long aliphatic side chain and the warhead of aldehyde group are vital for the efficiency against NDM-1. The homologs with longer chains (SNH-2 to SNH-5) displayed stronger inhibitory activities with IC50 range of 1.1-1.5 μM, while the shorter chain the weaker inhibition. Further synergistic experiments in cell level confirmed that all these 4 compounds (at 32 μg/mL) recovered the antibacterial activity of meropenem (MER) against E. coli BL21/pET15b-blaNDM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Platform Chemicals from Marine Biomass and Their Functionalization, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, PR China
| | - Yaowen Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Platform Chemicals from Marine Biomass and Their Functionalization, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, PR China
| | - Pan Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Platform Chemicals from Marine Biomass and Their Functionalization, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, PR China
| | - Manna Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Platform Chemicals from Marine Biomass and Their Functionalization, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, PR China.
| | - Yiqian Wan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Platform Chemicals from Marine Biomass and Their Functionalization, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, PR China
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Kan YC, Guo R, Xu Y, Han LY, Bu WH, Han LX, Chu JJ. Investigating the in vitro antibacterial efficacy of composite bone cement incorporating natural product-based monomers and gentamicin. J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:169. [PMID: 38448971 PMCID: PMC10918884 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04646-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of four natural product extracts, namely, aloe-emodin, quercetin, curcumin, and tannic acid, on the in vitro bacteriostatic properties and biocompatibility of gentamicin-loaded bone cement and to establish an experimental groundwork supporting the clinical utility of antibiotic-loaded bone cements (ALBC). METHODS Based on the components, the bone cement samples were categorized as follows: the gentamicin combined with aloe-emodin group, the gentamicin combined with quercetin group, the gentamicin combined with curcumin group, the gentamicin combined with tannic acid group, the gentamicin group, the aloe-emodin group, the quercetin group, the curcumin group, and the tannic acid group. Using the disk diffusion test, we investigated the antibacterial properties of the bone cement material against Staphylococcus aureus (n = 4). We tested cell toxicity and proliferation using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and examined the biocompatibility of bone cement materials. RESULTS The combination of gentamicin with the four natural product extracts resulted in significantly larger diameters of inhibition zones compared to gentamicin alone, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Except for the groups containing tannic acid, cells in all other groups showed good proliferation across varying time intervals without displaying significant cytotoxicity (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In this study, aloe-emodin, quercetin, curcumin, and tannic acid were capable of enhancing the in vitro antibacterial performance of gentamicin-loaded bone cement against S. aureus. While the groups containing tannic acid displayed moderate cytotoxicity in in vitro cell culture, all other groups showed no discernible cytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Kan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital, Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, No. 246 of Heping Road, Yaohai District, Hefei, Anhui, 230011, China
- The Fifth Clinical Medical School of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital, Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, No. 246 of Heping Road, Yaohai District, Hefei, Anhui, 230011, China
- The Fifth Clinical Medical School of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Yang Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Lu-Yang Han
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital, Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, No. 246 of Heping Road, Yaohai District, Hefei, Anhui, 230011, China
| | - Wen-Han Bu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital, Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, No. 246 of Heping Road, Yaohai District, Hefei, Anhui, 230011, China
| | - Long-Xu Han
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital, Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, No. 246 of Heping Road, Yaohai District, Hefei, Anhui, 230011, China
| | - Jian-Jun Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital, Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, No. 246 of Heping Road, Yaohai District, Hefei, Anhui, 230011, China.
- The Fifth Clinical Medical School of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
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Sabra DM, Krin A, Romeral AB, Frieß JL, Jeremias G. Anthrax revisited: how assessing the unpredictable can improve biosecurity. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1215773. [PMID: 37795173 PMCID: PMC10546327 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1215773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
B. anthracis is one of the most often weaponized pathogens. States had it in their bioweapons programs and criminals and terrorists have used or attempted to use it. This study is motivated by the narrative that emerging and developing technologies today contribute to the amplification of danger through greater easiness, accessibility and affordability of steps in the making of an anthrax weapon. As states would have way better preconditions if they would decide for an offensive bioweapons program, we focus on bioterrorism. This paper analyzes and assesses the possible bioterrorism threat arising from advances in synthetic biology, genome editing, information availability, and other emerging, and converging sciences and enabling technologies. Methodologically we apply foresight methods to encourage the analysis of contemporary technological advances. We have developed a conceptual six-step foresight science framework approach. It represents a synthesis of various foresight methodologies including literature review, elements of horizon scanning, trend impact analysis, red team exercise, and free flow open-ended discussions. Our results show a significant shift in the threat landscape. Increasing affordability, widespread distribution, efficiency, as well as ease of use of DNA synthesis, and rapid advances in genome-editing and synthetic genomic technologies lead to an ever-growing number and types of actors who could potentially weaponize B. anthracis. Understanding the current and future capabilities of these technologies and their potential for misuse critically shapes the current and future threat landscape and underlines the necessary adaptation of biosecurity measures in the spheres of multi-level political decision making and in the science community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Manal Sabra
- Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker-Centre for Science and Peace Research (ZNF), University of Hamburg, Bogenallee, Hamburg, Germany
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Niu ZL, Zhou SH, Wu YY, Wu TT, Liu QS, Zhao QH, Ji H, Ren X, Xie MJ. Multifunctional O-phenanthroline silver(I) complexes for antitumor activity against colorectal adenocarcinoma cells and antimicrobial properties by multiple mechanisms. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 246:112293. [PMID: 37354605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
A series of O-phenanthroline silver(I) complexes were synthesized and characterized by infrared (IR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (MS), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The cytotoxicity of the silver(I) complex (P-131) was evaluated in the cancer cell lines HCT-116, HeLa, and MDA-MB-231 and the normal cell line LO2 via MTT assays. The 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of P-131 on HCT116 cell line is 0.86 ± 0.03 μM. It is far lower than the IC50 value of cisplatin (9.08 ± 1.10 μM), the IC50 value of normal cell LO2 (76.20 ± 0.48 μM) is much higher than that of cisplatin (3.99 ± 0.74 μM), indicating that its anticancer effect is stronger than that of cisplatin, and its biological safety is greater than that of cisplatin. Furthermore, anticancer mechanistic studies showed that P-131 inhibited cell proliferation by blocking DNA synthesis and acted temporally on the nucleus in dividing HCT-116 cells. Moreover, P-131 increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, 10 mg/kg P-131 showed better antitumor effects than oxaliplatin in an HCT116 human colorectal xenograft mouse model without inducing toxicity. Moreover, the microdilution broth method was used to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of P-131 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. A biofilm eradication study was also performed using the crystal violet method and confocal laser scanning microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Ling Niu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Si-Han Zhou
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Tian-Tian Wu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Qi-Shuai Liu
- Animal Research and Resource Center, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Qi-Hua Zhao
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Hua Ji
- Oncology department, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650034, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoxia Ren
- Animal Research and Resource Center, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Ming-Jin Xie
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China.
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Jena B, Singh SS, Behera SK, Mishra S, Chakrabortty S, Meher D, Mulia B, Tripathy SK, Kumar R, Jeon BH, Lundborg CS, Mishra A. To decipher the phytochemical agent and mechanism for Urginea indica mediated green synthesis of Ag nanoparticles and investigation of its antibacterial activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114700. [PMID: 36370814 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Globally, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia is one of the commonest bloodstream infections associated with clinical complications and high mortality. Thence, devising effective and targeted biogenic silver based strategies are in great demand. However, limited insights regarding the biosynthesis methodologies impedes the possible scale up and commercial potentials. We, hereby demonstrate the biosynthesis of Ag nanoparticles using the phytochemical agent extracted and purified from bulb extract of Urginea indica. The chemical structure of the phytochemical agent is investigated by various chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques and was found closely relatable to N-ethylacetamide. Ag nanoparticles synthesis by this agent was found to have a strong Surface Plasmon band at 402 nm. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy further validated the formation of Ag nanoparticles with face-centred cubic structure with a size range of 20-30 nm. The biogenic metal nanoparticles have shown potential antibacterial activity against S. aureus and MRSA (within a range of 10-50 μg/mL). The nanoparticles have also shown promising anti-biofim activity against the above mentioned strains. The nanoparticles were expected to induce ROS mediated bactericidal mechamism. Cell viability and in-vitro infection studies advocate noticeable biocompatibility and future clinical potential of the developed nanoparticles against Staphylococcus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumika Jena
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Swati Sucharita Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Susanta Kumar Behera
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India; IMGENIX India Pvt. Ltd., Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Smrutirekha Mishra
- School of Chemical Technology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Sankha Chakrabortty
- School of Chemical Technology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Dayanidhi Meher
- Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Bansidhar Mulia
- Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Suraj K Tripathy
- School of Chemical Technology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Earth Resources & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Amrita Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India.
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Plant Spices as a Source of Antimicrobial Synergic Molecules to Treat Bacterial and Viral Co-Infections. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238210. [PMID: 36500303 PMCID: PMC9737474 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the lack of antiviral agents available for human use, while the complexity of the physiological changes caused by coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) imposed the prescription of multidrug pharmacotherapy to treat infected patients. In a significant number of cases, it was necessary to add antibiotics to the prescription to decrease the risk of co-infections, preventing the worsening of the patient's condition. However, the precautionary use of antibiotics corroborated to increase bacterial resistance. Since the development of vaccines for COVID-19, the pandemic scenario has changed, but the development of new antiviral drugs is still a major challenge. Research for new drugs with synergistic activity against virus and resistant bacteria can produce drug leads to be used in the treatment of mild cases of COVID-19 and to fight other viruses and new viral diseases. Following the repurposing approach, plant spices have been searched for antiviral lead compounds, since the toxic effects of plants that are traditionally consumed are already known, speeding up the drug discovery process. The need for effective drugs in the context of viral diseases is discussed in this review, with special focus on plant-based spices with antiviral and antibiotic activity. The activity of plants against resistant bacteria, the diversity of the components present in plant extracts and the synergistic interaction of these metabolites and industrialized antibiotics are discussed, with the aim of contributing to the development of antiviral and antibiotic drugs. A literature search was performed in electronic databases such as Science Direct; SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online); LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences); Elsevier, SpringerLink; and Google Scholar, using the descriptors: antiviral plants, antibacterial plants, coronavirus treatment, morbidities and COVID-19, bacterial resistance, resistant antibiotics, hospital-acquired infections, spices of plant origin, coronaviruses and foods, spices with antiviral effect, drug prescriptions and COVID-19, and plant synergism. Articles published in English in the period from 2020 to 2022 and relevant to the topic were used as the main inclusion criteria.
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