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Ong JLK, Jalaludin NFF, Wong MK, Tan SH, Angelina C, Sukhatme SA, Yeo T, Lim CT, Lee YT, Soh SY, Lim TKH, Tay TKY, Chang KTE, Chen ZX, Loh AH. Exosomal mRNA Cargo are biomarkers of tumor and immune cell populations in pediatric osteosarcoma. Transl Oncol 2024; 46:102008. [PMID: 38852279 PMCID: PMC11220529 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.102008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the commonest malignant bone tumor of children and adolescents and is characterized by a high risk of recurrence despite multimodal therapy, especially in metastatic disease. This suggests the presence of clinically undetected cancer cells that persist, leading to cancer recurrence. We sought to evaluate the utility of peripheral blood exosomes as a more sensitive yet minimally invasive blood test that could aid in evaluating treatment response and surveillance for potential disease recurrence. We extracted exosomes from the blood of pediatric osteosarcoma patients at diagnosis (n=7) and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (n=5 subset), as well as from age-matched cancer-free controls (n=3). We also obtained matched tumor biopsy samples (n=7) from the cases. Exosome isolation was verified by CD9 immunoblot and characterized on electron microscopy. Profiles of 780 cancer-related transcripts were analysed in mRNA from exosomes of osteosarcoma patients at diagnosis and control patients, matched post-chemotherapy samples, and matched primary tumor samples. Peripheral blood exosomes of osteosarcoma patients at diagnosis were significantly smaller than those of controls and overexpressed extracellular matrix protein gene THBS1 and B cell markers MS4A1 and TCL1A. Immunohistochemical staining of corresponding tumor samples verified the expression of THBS1 on tumor cells and osteoid matrix, and its persistence in a treatment-refractory patient, as well as the B cell origin of the latter. These hold potential as liquid biopsy biomarkers of disease burden and host immune response in osteosarcoma. Our findings suggest that exosomes may provide novel and clinically-important insights into the pathophysiology of cancers such as osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Meng Kang Wong
- VIVA-KKH Paediatric Brain and Solid Tumor Programme, Children's Blood and Cancer Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sheng Hui Tan
- VIVA-KKH Paediatric Brain and Solid Tumor Programme, Children's Blood and Cancer Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clara Angelina
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sarvesh A Sukhatme
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Trifanny Yeo
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - York Tien Lee
- Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; VIVA-KKH Paediatric Brain and Solid Tumor Programme, Children's Blood and Cancer Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Paediatric Surgery, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shui Yen Soh
- Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; VIVA-KKH Paediatric Brain and Solid Tumor Programme, Children's Blood and Cancer Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Paediatric Subspecialties Haematology/Oncology Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tony K H Lim
- Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Anatomic Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Timothy Kwang Yong Tay
- Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Anatomic Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kenneth Tou En Chang
- Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; VIVA-KKH Paediatric Brain and Solid Tumor Programme, Children's Blood and Cancer Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhi Xiong Chen
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; VIVA-KKH Paediatric Brain and Solid Tumor Programme, Children's Blood and Cancer Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amos Hp Loh
- Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; VIVA-KKH Paediatric Brain and Solid Tumor Programme, Children's Blood and Cancer Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Paediatric Surgery, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
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2
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Metcalf GAD. MicroRNAs: circulating biomarkers for the early detection of imperceptible cancers via biosensor and machine-learning advances. Oncogene 2024; 43:2135-2142. [PMID: 38839942 PMCID: PMC11226400 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
This review explores the topic of microRNAs (miRNAs) for improved early detection of imperceptible cancers, with potential to advance precision medicine and improve patient outcomes. Historical research exploring miRNA's role in cancer detection collectively revealed initial hurdles in identifying specific miRNA signatures for early-stage and difficult-to-detect cancers. Early studies faced challenges in establishing robust biomarker panels and overcoming the heterogeneity of cancer types. Despite this, recent developments have supported the potential of miRNAs as sensitive and specific biomarkers for early cancer detection as well as having demonstrated remarkable potential as diagnostic tools for imperceptible cancers, such as those with elusive symptoms or challenging diagnostic criteria. This review discusses the advent of high-throughput technologies that have enabled comprehensive detection and profiling of unique miRNA signatures associated with early-stage cancers. Furthermore, advancements in bioinformatics and machine-learning techniques are considered, exploring the integration of multi-omics data which have potential to enhance both the accuracy and reliability of miRNA-based cancer detection assays. Finally, perspectives on the continuing development on technologies as well as discussion around challenges that remain, such as the need for standardised protocols and addressing the complex interplay of miRNAs in cancer biology are conferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin A D Metcalf
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.
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3
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Kural S, Jain G, Agarwal S, Das P, Kumar L. Urinary extracellular vesicles-encapsulated miRNA signatures: A new paradigm for urinary bladder cancer diagnosis and classification. Urol Oncol 2024; 42:179-190. [PMID: 38594151 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) stands as prevalent malignancy of the urinary system globally, especially among men. The clinical classification of BCa into non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is crucial for prognosis and treatment decisions. However, challenges persist in current diagnostic methods like Urine cytopathology that shows poor sensitivity therefore compromising on accurately diagnosing and monitoring BCa. In recent years, research has emphasized the importance of identifying urine and blood-based specific biomarkers for BCa that can enable early and precise diagnosis, effective tumor classification, and monitoring. The convenient proximity of urine with the urinary bladder epithelium makes urine a good source of noninvasive biomarkers, in particular urinary EVs because of the packaged existence of tumor-associated molecules. Therefore, the review assesses the potential of urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) as noninvasive biomarkers for BCa. We have elaborately reviewed and discussed the research that delves into the role of urinary EVs in the context of BCa diagnosis and classification. Extensive research has been dedicated to investigating differential microRNA (miRNA) expressions, with the goal of establishing distinct, noninvasive biomarkers for BCa. The identification of such biomarkers has the potential to revolutionize early detection, risk stratification, therapeutic interventions, and ultimately, the long-term prognosis of BCa patients. Despite notable advancements, inconsistencies persist in the biomarkers identified, methodologies employed, and study populations. This review meticulously compiles reported miRNA biomarkers, critically assessing the variability and discrepancies observed in existing research. By synthesizing these findings, the article aims to direct future studies toward a more cohesive and dependable approach in BCa biomarker identification, fostering progress in patient care and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhad Kural
- Department of Urology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Garima Jain
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sakshi Agarwal
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Parimal Das
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Urology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
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4
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Yang FK, Tian C, Zhou LX, Guan TY, Chen GL, Zheng YY, Cao ZG. The value of urinary exosomal microRNA-21 in the early diagnosis and prognosis of bladder cancer. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2024; 40:660-670. [PMID: 38801488 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) poses high morbidity and mortality, with urinary exosomal microRNA (miR)-21 showing potential value in its diagnosis and prognosis, and we probed its specific role. We prospectively selected 116 BC patients and 116 healthy volunteers as the BC and control groups, respectively. BC urinary exosomal miR-146a-5p, miR-93-5p, miR-663b, miR-21, and miR-4454 relative expression levels were assessed. The correlations between clinical indexes and urinary exosomal miR-21, prognostic value of miR-21, and diagnostic value of the five candidate miRNAs, urine cytology, and miRNA joint diagnostic panel for BC and urinary exosomal miR-21, miR-4454, and urine cytology for Ta-T1 and T2-T4 stage BC were analyzed. Urinary exosomal miR-146a-5p, miR-93-5p, miR-663b, miR-21, and miR-4454 were highly expressed in BC patients. miR-146a-5p, miR-93-5p, miR-663b, miR-21, miR-4454, miRNA combined diagnostic panel, and urine cytology had certain diagnostic value for BC, with miR-21, miR-4454, and miRNA co-diagnostic panel showing the highest diagnostic value. Collectively, urinary exosomal miR-21 was closely related to Tumor-Node-Metastasis staging and grading in BC patients. Urinary exosomal miR-21 had high diagnostic value for BC and Ta-T1 and T2-T4 stage BC, and had high predictive value for BC poor prognosis, providing an effective indicator for the occurrence, development, and prognostic assessment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Kan Yang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chao Tian
- Department of Urology, Yuebei people's hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Lin-Xiong Zhou
- Department of Urology, Yuebei people's hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Tian-Yu Guan
- Department of Urology, Yuebei people's hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Gui-Liu Chen
- Department of Urology, Yuebei people's hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Yi-Ying Zheng
- Department of Urology, Yuebei people's hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Zheng-Guo Cao
- Department of Urology, Dongguan People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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5
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Wang P, Wei X, Qu X, Zhu Y. Potential clinical application of microRNAs in bladder cancer. J Biomed Res 2024; 38:289-306. [PMID: 38808545 PMCID: PMC11300522 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.37.20230245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the tenth most prevalent malignancy globally, presenting significant clinical and societal challenges because of its high incidence, rapid progression, and frequent recurrence. Presently, cystoscopy and urine cytology serve as the established diagnostic methods for BC. However, their efficacy is limited by their invasive nature and low sensitivity. Therefore, the development of highly specific biomarkers and effective non-invasive detection strategies is imperative for achieving a precise and timely diagnosis of BC, as well as for facilitating an optimal tumor treatment and an improved prognosis. microRNAs (miRNAs), short noncoding RNA molecules spanning around 20-25 nucleotides, are implicated in the regulation of diverse carcinogenic pathways. Substantially altered miRNAs form robust functional regulatory networks that exert a notable influence on the tumorigenesis and progression of BC. Investigations into aberrant miRNAs derived from blood, urine, or extracellular vesicles indicate their potential roles as diagnostic biomarkers and prognostic indicators in BC, enabling miRNAs to monitor the progression and predict the recurrence of the disease. Simultaneously, the investigation centered on miRNA as a potential therapeutic agent presents a novel approach for the treatment of BC. This review comprehensively analyzes biological roles of miRNAs in tumorigenesis and progression, and systematically summarizes their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as therapeutic targets for BC. Additionally, we evaluate the progress made in laboratory techniques within this field and discuss the prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Laboratory Medicine Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China
| | - Xiaojun Qu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China
| | - Yefei Zhu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
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Rao P, Li J, Xiong J, Shen S, Zeng J, Zhao H. MicroRNA-150-5p-mediated Inhibition of Cell Proliferation, G1/S Transition, and Migration in Bladder Cancer through Targeting NEDD4-binding Protein 2-like 1 Gene. JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION 2024; 67:118-128. [PMID: 38910572 DOI: 10.4103/ejpi.ejpi-d-24-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNA-150-5p (miR-150-5p) has been implicated in the progression of several cancer types, yet its specific functional role and regulatory mechanisms in bladder cancer (BC) remain largely unexplored. Our study revealed significant downregulation of miR-150-5p and upregulation of NEDD4-binding protein 2-like 1 gene (N4BP2L1) in BC tissues compared to controls using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. Reduced miR-150-5p expression correlated with advanced tumor stage and lymph node metastasis, while increased N4BP2L1 levels were associated with larger tumor size by the Chi-square test. Functionally, miR-150-5p exerted significant inhibitory effects on BC cell proliferation, migration, inducing G0/G1 phase arrest, and apoptosis. We confirmed N4BP2L1 as a direct target of miR-150-5p in BC cells using luciferase reporter assay. Crucially, N4BP2L1 knockdown mimicked, while overexpression counteracted the inhibitory impacts of miR-150-5p on BC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In addition, N4BP2L1 overexpression reversed miR-150-5p-induced alterations in CDK4, Cyclin D1, Bcl-2, PCNA, Ki-67, N-cadherin, Bad, and E-cadherin levels in BC cells. Based on these results, it can be inferred that the miR-150-5p/N4BP2L1 axis might constitute a promising candidate for therapeutic targeting in the treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinlang Rao
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangxi Province Hospital of Integrated Chinese & Western Medicine), Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Strømme O, Heck KA, Brede G, Lindholm HT, Otterlei M, Arum CJ. tRNA-Derived Fragments as Biomarkers in Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1588. [PMID: 38672670 PMCID: PMC11049458 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) diagnosis is reliant on cystoscopy, an invasive procedure associated with urinary tract infections. This has sparked interest in identifying noninvasive biomarkers in body fluids such as blood and urine. A source of biomarkers in these biofluids are extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanosized vesicles that contain a wide array of molecular cargo, including small noncoding RNA such as transfer RNA-derived fragments (tRF) and microRNA. Here, we performed small-RNA next-generation sequencing from EVs from urine and serum, as well as from serum supernatant. RNA was extracted from 15 non-cancer patients (NCPs) with benign findings in cystoscopy and 41 patients with non-muscle invasive BC. Urine and serum were collected before transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TUR-b) and at routine post-surgery check-ups. We compared levels of tRFs in pre-surgery samples to samples from NCPs and post-surgery check-ups. To further verify our findings, samples from 10 patients with stage T1 disease were resequenced. When comparing tRF expression in urine EVs between T1 stage BC patients and NCPs, 14 differentially expressed tRFs (DEtRFs) were identified. In serum supernatant, six DEtRFs were identified among stage T1 patients when comparing pre-surgery to post-surgery samples and four DEtRFs were found when comparing pre-surgery samples to NCPs. By performing a blast search, we found that sequences of DEtRFs aligned with genomic sequences pertaining to processes relevant to cancer development, such as enhancers, regulatory elements and CpG islands. Our findings display a number of tRFs that may hold potential as biomarkers for the diagnosis and recurrence-free survival of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Strømme
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway; (K.A.H.); (G.B.); (H.T.L.); (M.O.); (C.-J.A.)
| | - Kathleen A. Heck
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway; (K.A.H.); (G.B.); (H.T.L.); (M.O.); (C.-J.A.)
| | - Gaute Brede
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway; (K.A.H.); (G.B.); (H.T.L.); (M.O.); (C.-J.A.)
| | - Håvard T. Lindholm
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway; (K.A.H.); (G.B.); (H.T.L.); (M.O.); (C.-J.A.)
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Marit Otterlei
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway; (K.A.H.); (G.B.); (H.T.L.); (M.O.); (C.-J.A.)
| | - Carl-Jørgen Arum
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway; (K.A.H.); (G.B.); (H.T.L.); (M.O.); (C.-J.A.)
- Department of Urology, St. Olav’s University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
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Yen CY, Chiu CM, Fang IM. MicroRNA expression profiling in tears and blood as predictive biomarkers for anti-VEGF treatment response in wet age-related macular degeneration. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024:10.1007/s00417-024-06478-x. [PMID: 38581435 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-024-06478-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the potential of microRNAs (miRNAs) in tears, blood, and aqueous humor as biomarkers for predicting treatment response in wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients undergoing anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy. METHODS In a single-center prospective cohort study, treatment-naïve wet AMD patients and age-matched controls were enrolled. Clinical data and miRNA levels (miR-199a-3p, miR-365-3p, miR-200b-3p, miR-195-5p, miR-335-5p, and miR-185-5p) in tears, blood, and aqueous humor were collected. Treatment response was categorized into responders and non-responders based on visual acuity and central subfield thickness. MiRNA levels were quantified using reverse-transcription PCR. Statistical analyses were performed, including ROC analysis, to evaluate predictive accuracy. RESULTS Dysregulated miRNA profiles were observed in wet AMD tears and blood compared to controls. Specifically, miR-199a-3p, miR-195-5p, and miR-185-5p were upregulated, while miR-200b-3p was downregulated in tears. All six miRNAs were elevated in wet AMD blood samples. Notably, responders showed higher tear expression of miR-195-5p and miR-185-5p. Combining these miRNAs yielded the highest predictive power (AUC = 0.878, p = 0.006) for anti-VEGF responders. CONCLUSIONS Dysregulated miRNA profiles in tears and blood suggest their potential as biomarkers for wet AMD. MiR-195-5p and miR-185-5p in tears demonstrate predictive value for anti-VEGF treatment responders. This study underscores the non-invasive prediction potential of miRNA tear analysis in wet AMD treatment responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Yu Yen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei City Hospital, Ren-Ai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ming Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - I-Mo Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei City Hospital, Zhongxiao Branch, No. 87, Tonde Road, Nankang District, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Special Education, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Optometry, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Wei X, Zhang D, Zhu Y. Exosomes: Toward a potential application in bladder cancer diagnosis and treatment. SMART MEDICINE 2024; 3:e20230027. [PMID: 39188515 PMCID: PMC11235804 DOI: 10.1002/smmd.20230027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a prevalent malignant tumor of the urinary system, known for its rapid progression and high likelihood of recurrence. Despite ongoing efforts, clinical diagnosis and treatment of BC remain limited. As such, there is an urgent need to investigate potential mechanisms underlying this disease. Exosomes, which contain a variety of bioactive molecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, are regarded as extracellular messengers because they are implicated in facilitating intercellular communication in various diseases and are pivotal in tumor advancement, serving as a promising avenue for such researches. Nevertheless, the heterogeneous nature of BC necessitates further exploration of the potential involvement of exosomes in disease progression. This review comprehensively outlines the biological attributes of exosomes and their critical roles in tumorigenesis, while also discussing their potential applications in regulating the progression of BC involving clinical diagnosis, prognostication and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wei
- Laboratory Medicine Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Institute of Translational Medicine Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing China
| | - Dagan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Institute of Translational Medicine Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing China
| | - Yefei Zhu
- Laboratory Medicine Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
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Yadav R, Singh AV, Kushwaha S, Chauhan DS. Emerging role of exosomes as a liquid biopsy tool for diagnosis, prognosis & monitoring treatment response of communicable & non-communicable diseases. Indian J Med Res 2024; 159:163-180. [PMID: 38577857 PMCID: PMC11050750 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_2344_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT From an initial thought of being used as a cellular garbage bin to a promising target for liquid biopsies, the role of exosomes has drastically evolved in just a few years of their discovery in 1983. Exosomes are naturally secreted nano-sized vesicles, abundant in all types of body fluids and can be isolated intact even from the stored biological samples. Being stable carriers of genetic material (cellular DNA, mRNA and miRNA) and having specific cargo (signature content of originating cells), exosomes play a crucial role in pathogenesis and have been identified as a novel source of biomarkers in a variety of disease conditions. Recently exosomes have emerged as a promising 'liquid biopsy tool'and have shown great potential in the field of non-invasive disease diagnostics, prognostics and treatment response monitoring in both communicable as well as non-communicable diseases. However, there are certain limitations to overcome which restrict the use of exosome-based liquid biopsy as a gold standard testing procedure in routine clinical practices. The present review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of exosomes as the liquid biopsy tool in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment response monitoring in communicable and non-communicable diseases and highlights the major limitations, technical advancements and future prospects of the utilization of exosome-based liquid biopsy in clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajbala Yadav
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, ICMR-National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajay Vir Singh
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, ICMR-National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shweta Kushwaha
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, ICMR-National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Devendra Singh Chauhan
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, ICMR-National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Dong L, Feng M, Kuczler MD, Horie K, Kim C, Ma Z, Lombardo K, Lyons H, Amend SR, Kates M, Bivalacqua TJ, McConkey D, Xue W, Choi W, Pienta KJ. Tumour tissue-derived small extracellular vesicles reflect molecular subtypes of bladder cancer. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12402. [PMID: 38293707 PMCID: PMC10828726 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
mRNA-based molecular subtypes have implications for bladder cancer prognosis and clinical benefit from certain therapies. Whether small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) can reflect bladder cancer molecular subtypes is unknown. We performed whole transcriptome RNA sequencing for formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumour tissues and sEVs separated from matched tissue explants, urine and plasma in patients with bladder cancer. sEVs were separated using size-exclusion chromatography, and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, nano flow cytometry and western blots, respectively. High yield of sEVs were obtained using approximately 1 g of tissue, incubated with media for 30 min. FFPE tumour tissue and tumour tissue-derived sEVs demonstrated good concordance in molecular subtype classification. All urinary sEVs were classified as luminal subtype, while all plasma sEVs were classified as Ba/Sq subtype, regardless of the molecular subtypes indicated by their matched FFPE tumour tissue. The comparison within urine sEVs, which may exclude the sample type specific background, could pick up the different biology between NMIBC and MIBC, as well as the signature genes related to molecular subtypes. Four candidate sEV-related bladder cancer-specific mRNA biomarkers, FAM71E2, OR4K5, FAM138F and KRTAP26-1, were identified by analysing matched urine sEVs, tumour tissue derived sEVs, and adjacent normal tissue derived sEVs. Compared to sEVs separated from biofluids, tissue-derived sEVs may reflect more tissue- or disease-specific biological features. Urine sEVs are promising biomarkers to be used for liquid biopsy-based molecular subtype classification, but the current algorithm needs to be modified/adjusted. Future work is needed to validate the four new bladder cancer-specific biomarkers in large cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Dong
- Department of UrologyRenji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- The Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Mingxiao Feng
- The Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Morgan D. Kuczler
- The Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Kengo Horie
- The Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of UrologyGifu University Graduate School of MedicineGifuJapan
| | - Chi‐Ju Kim
- The Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Zehua Ma
- Department of UrologyRenji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Kara Lombardo
- The Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Heather Lyons
- The Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Sarah R. Amend
- The Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Max Kates
- The Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Trinity J. Bivalacqua
- Division of UrologyPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - David McConkey
- The Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of UrologyRenji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Woonyoung Choi
- The Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Kenneth J. Pienta
- The Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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12
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Tavares NT, Lobo J, Bagrodia A. MicroRNAs for detecting occult genitourinary cancer. Curr Opin Urol 2024; 34:20-26. [PMID: 37916954 DOI: 10.1097/mou.0000000000001137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Genitourinary (GU) malignancies are a real burden in global health worldwide. Each model has its own clinical challenges, and the early screening and/or detection of occult cancer in follow-up is transversal to all of them. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been proposed as minimally invasive liquid biopsy cancer biomarkers, due to their stability and low degradation. RECENT FINDINGS The different GU tumor models are in different stages concerning miRNAs as biomarkers for cancer detection. Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) already have a specific defined target, miR-371a-3p, that has shown high sensitivity and specificity in different clinical settings, and is now in final stages of preanalytical testing before entering the clinic. The other GU malignancies are in a different stage, with many liquid biopsy studies (both in urine and plasma/serum) being currently performed, but there is not an agreeable miRNA or set of miRNAs that is ready to follow the footsteps of miR-371a-3p in TGCTs. SUMMARY Further studies with proper molecular characterization of miRNA profiles of GU malignancies and standardization of sampling, biobanking and formal analysis may aid in the advance and choosing of specific target sets to be used for occult cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Tiago Tavares
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC)
- Doctoral Programme in Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP)
| | - João Lobo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC)
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC)
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Aditya Bagrodia
- Department of Urology, University of California - San Diego Health, San Diego, California
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Wu S, Li R, Jiang Y, Yu J, Zheng J, Li Z, Li M, Xin K, Wang Y, Xu Z, Li S, Chen X. Liquid biopsy in urothelial carcinoma: Detection techniques and clinical applications. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115027. [PMID: 37354812 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The types of urothelial carcinoma (UC) include urothelial bladder cancer and upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Current diagnostic techniques cannot meet the needs of patients. Liquid biopsy is an accurate method of determining the molecular profile of UC and is a cutting-edge and popular technique that is expected to complement existing detection techniques and benefit patients with UC. Circulating tumor cells, cell-free DNA, cell-free RNA, extracellular vesicles, proteins, and metabolites can be found in the blood, urine, or other bodily fluids and are examined during liquid biopsies. This article focuses on the components of liquid biopsies and their clinical applications in UC. Liquid biopsies have tremendous potential in multiple aspects of precision oncology, from early diagnosis and treatment monitoring to predicting prognoses. They may therefore play an important role in the management of UC and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Wu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Yuanhong Jiang
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Jiazheng Yu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Jianyi Zheng
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Zeyu Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Kerong Xin
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China.
| | - Zhenqun Xu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
| | - Shijie Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
| | - Xiaonan Chen
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
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14
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Liu C, Zhang Y, Guo J, Sun W, Ji Y, Wang Y, Liu J, Kong X. Overexpression of microRNA-93-5p and microRNA-374a-5p Suppresses the Osteogenic Differentiation and Mineralization of Human Aortic Valvular Interstitial Cells Through the BMP2/Smad1/5/RUNX2 Signaling Pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2023; 82:138-147. [PMID: 37232560 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Aortic valve calcification commonly occurs in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the regulatory functions of microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) in the osteogenic differentiation of human aortic valvular interstitial cells (hAVICs) in patients with CKD remain largely unknown. This study aimed to explore the functional role and underlying mechanisms of miR-93-5p and miR-374a-5p in the osteogenic differentiation of hAVICs. For this purpose, hAVICs calcification was induced with high-calcium/high-phosphate medium and the expression levels of miR-93-5p and miR-374a-5p were determined using bioinformatics assay. Alizarin red staining, intracellular calcium content, and alkaline phosphatase activity were used to evaluate calcification. The expression levels of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and phosphorylated (p)-Smad1/5 were detected by luciferase reporter assay, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and western blot analysis. The results revealed that the expression levels of miR-93-5p and miR-374a-5p were significantly decreased in hAVICs in response to high-calcium/high-phosphate medium. The overexpression of miR-93-5p and miR-374a-5p effectively suppressed the high-calcium/high-phosphate-induced calcification and osteogenic differentiation makers. Mechanistically, the overexpression of miR-93-5p and miR-374a-5p inhibits osteogenic differentiation by regulating the BMP2/Smad1/5/Runx2 signaling pathway. Taken together, this study indicates that miR-93-5p and miR-374a-5p suppress the osteogenic differentiation of hAVICs associated with calcium-phosphate metabolic dyshomeostasis through the inhibition of the BMP2/Smad1/5/Runx2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiying Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Yue Ji
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Yaqing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Xiangqing Kong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Park EG, Lee DH, Kim WR, Lee YJ, Bae WH, Kim JM, Shin HJ, Ha H, Yi JM, Cho SG, Choi YH, Leem SH, Cha HJ, Kim SW, Kim HS. Human Endogenous Retrovirus-H-Derived miR-4454 Inhibits the Expression of DNAJB4 and SASH1 in Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1410. [PMID: 37510314 PMCID: PMC10379226 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although most human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) have been silenced and lost their ability to translocate because of accumulated mutations during evolution, they still play important roles in human biology. Several studies have demonstrated that HERVs play pathological roles in numerous human diseases, especially cancer. A few studies have revealed that long non-coding RNAs that are transcribed from HERV sequences affect cancer progression. However, there is no study on microRNAs derived from HERVs related to cancer. In this study, we identified 29 microRNAs (miRNAs) derived from HERV sequences in the human genome. In particular, we discovered that miR-4454, which is HERV-H-derived miRNA, was upregulated in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) cells. To figure out the effects of upregulated miR-4454 in NMIBC, genes whose expression was downregulated in NMIBC, as well as tumor suppressor genes, were selected as putative target genes of miR-4454. The dual-luciferase assay was used to determine the negative relationship between miR-4454 and its target genes, DNAJB4 and SASH1, and they were confirmed to be promising target genes of miR-4454. Taken together, this study suggests that the upregulation of miR-4454 derived from HERV-H in NMIBC reduces the expression of the tumor suppressor genes, DNAJB4 and SASH1, to promote NMIBC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Gyung Park
- Department of Integrated Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (E.G.P.); (D.H.L.); (W.R.K.); (Y.J.L.); (W.H.B.); (J.-m.K.); (H.J.S.)
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Du Hyeong Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (E.G.P.); (D.H.L.); (W.R.K.); (Y.J.L.); (W.H.B.); (J.-m.K.); (H.J.S.)
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Ryung Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (E.G.P.); (D.H.L.); (W.R.K.); (Y.J.L.); (W.H.B.); (J.-m.K.); (H.J.S.)
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Ju Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (E.G.P.); (D.H.L.); (W.R.K.); (Y.J.L.); (W.H.B.); (J.-m.K.); (H.J.S.)
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Hyeon Bae
- Department of Integrated Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (E.G.P.); (D.H.L.); (W.R.K.); (Y.J.L.); (W.H.B.); (J.-m.K.); (H.J.S.)
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-min Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (E.G.P.); (D.H.L.); (W.R.K.); (Y.J.L.); (W.H.B.); (J.-m.K.); (H.J.S.)
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jin Shin
- Department of Integrated Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (E.G.P.); (D.H.L.); (W.R.K.); (Y.J.L.); (W.H.B.); (J.-m.K.); (H.J.S.)
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongseok Ha
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - Joo Mi Yi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ssang Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sun Hee Leem
- Department of Biological Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hee Jae Cha
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan 49104, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sang Woo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea;
| | - Heui Soo Kim
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea;
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Duquesne I, Abou Chakra M, Hage L, Pinar U, Loriot Y. Liquid biopsies for detection, surveillance, and prognosis of urothelial cancer: a future standard? Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2023; 23:995-1007. [PMID: 37542214 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2023.2245144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liquid biopsies are used for the detection of tumor-specific elements in body fluid. Their application in prognosis and diagnosis of muscle/non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC/NMIBC) or upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) remains poorly known and rarely mentioned in clinical guidelines. AREAS COVERED Herein, we provide an overview of current data regarding the use of liquid biopsies in urothelial tumors. EXPERT OPINION Studies that were included analyzed liquid biopsies using the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA), exosomes, or metabolomics. The sensitivity of blood CTC detection in patients with localized cancer was 35% and raised to 50% in patients with metastatic cancer. In NMIBC patients, blood CTC was associated with poor prognosis, whereas discrepancies were seen in MIBC patients. Circulating plasma DNA presented a superior sensitivity to urine and was a good indicator for diagnosis, follow-up, and oncological outcome. In urine, specific bladder cancer (BC) microRNA had an overall sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 86% in the diagnosis of urothelial cancer. These results are in favor of the use of liquid biopsies as biomarkers for in urothelial cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Duquesne
- Department of Urology, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Universite Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - Mohamad Abou Chakra
- Department of Urology, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Universite Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - Lory Hage
- Department of Urology, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Universite Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - Ugo Pinar
- Department of Urology, Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Universite Paris Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Yohann Loriot
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy Institute, Cancer Campus, Grand Paris, Universite Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
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Wu X, Xu Q, Li T, Wei Y, Zeng R, Lin R, Xu L, Ye L, Liu Z. Bladder Cancer Progression Is Suppressed Through the Heart and Neural Crest Derivatives Expressed 2-Antisense RNA 1/microRNA-93-5p/Defective in Cullin Neddylation 1 Domain Containing 3 Axis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:4116-4133. [PMID: 36656536 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical in progression of bladder cancer (BCa). miRNA-93-5p is increased in cancers and is positively correlated with an unfavorable prognosis. But its effects on BCa remain rarely understood. This investigation aimed to dig out miRNA-93-5p affecting biological behaviors of BCa. In this research, mRNA and protein expression in cancer cells were assessed via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, scratch healing, and transwell assays were utilized to analyze cancer cell viability, colony-forming, migration, and invasion, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis predicted upstream regulatory genes and downstream target genes of miRNA-93-5p, with the targeting relationship being verified through a dual-luciferase assay. The BCa xenograft model in nude mice further investigated the effect of miRNA-93-5p and AND2-AS1 on tumor size and quality, and validated the relationship between HAND2-AS1/miRNA-93-5p/DCUN1D3. Our results displayed that miRNA-93-5p was increased in BCa cell lines. Knockdown miRNA-93-5p constrained BCa cell malignant phenotypes. HAND2-AS1 targeted miRNA-93-5p, thus restraining malignant progression of BCa cells. DCUN1D3 was found downstream of miRNA-93-5p. miRNA-93-5p modulated proliferation, migration, and invasion of BCa cells by targeting DCUN1D3. In vivo experiments disclosed that forced expression of lncRNA HAND2-AS1, and inhibited miRNA-93-5p regressed tumor growth. Meanwhile, the same as the results of cell experiments, the expression of miRNA-93-5p was downregulated, and DCUN1D3 expression was advanced in tumor tissues. To conclude, lncRNA HAND2-AS1 exerted anti-tumor effects and regulated BCa cell proliferation, invasion, and migration by targeting miRNA-93-5p/DCUN1D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wu
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, No. 516 Jinrong South Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Qingjiang Xu
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, No. 516 Jinrong South Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Tao Li
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, No. 516 Jinrong South Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yongbao Wei
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, No. 516 Jinrong South Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, No. 516 Jinrong South Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Rongcheng Lin
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, No. 516 Jinrong South Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Lina Xu
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Department of Urology, South Branch of Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Liefu Ye
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, No. 516 Jinrong South Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Department of Urology, South Branch of Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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Seo JW, Lee YH, Tae DH, Kim YG, Moon JY, Jung SW, Kim JS, Hwang HS, Jeong KH, Jeong HY, Lee SY, Chung BH, Kim CD, Park JB, Seok J, Kim YH, Lee SH. Development and validation of urinary exosomal microRNA biomarkers for the diagnosis of acute rejection in kidney transplant recipients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1190576. [PMID: 37228607 PMCID: PMC10203902 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acute rejection (AR) continues to be a significant obstacle for short- and long-term graft survival in kidney transplant recipients. Herein, we aimed to examine urinary exosomal microRNAs with the objective of identifying novel biomarkers of AR. Materials and methods Candidate microRNAs were selected using NanoString-based urinary exosomal microRNA profiling, meta-analysis of web-based, public microRNA database, and literature review. The expression levels of these selected microRNAs were measured in the urinary exosomes of 108 recipients of the discovery cohort using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Based on the differential microRNA expressions, AR signatures were generated, and their diagnostic powers were determined by assessing the urinary exosomes of 260 recipients in an independent validation cohort. Results We identified 29 urinary exosomal microRNAs as candidate biomarkers of AR, of which 7 microRNAs were differentially expressed in recipients with AR, as confirmed by qPCR analysis. A three-microRNA AR signature, composed of hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-31-5p, and hsa-miR-4532, could discriminate recipients with AR from those maintaining stable graft function (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.85). This signature exhibited a fair discriminative power in the identification of AR in the validation cohort (AUC = 0.77). Conclusion We have successfully demonstrated that urinary exosomal microRNA signatures may form potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of AR in kidney transplantation recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Woo Seo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Laboratory, Medical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Ho Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Tae
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Gyun Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Moon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Woong Jung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sug Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Seok Hwang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwan Jeong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yun Jeong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Ha Chung
- Research Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Duck Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Berm Park
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhee Seok
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Laboratory, Medical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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19
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Exosomal miR-93-5p from cancer-associated fibroblasts confers malignant phenotypes on bladder cancer cells by targeting PAFAH1B1. Anticancer Drugs 2023; 34:439-450. [PMID: 36441004 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) still greatly challenges the treatments for bladder cancer (BC), where exosomal miRNAs derived from CAFs are one of the essential effectors for tumor progression. miR-93-5p is reported to be upregulated in BC, however, it is barely investigated in BC-derived CAFs. METHOD The CAF markers were immunofluorescent-labeled and examined by western blotting assay in CAFs and normal fibroblasts (NFs). CAFs- and NFs-derived exosomes (CAFs-exo/NFs-exo) were authenticated by transmission electron microscope and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Cell viability was determined by cell counting kit-8 assay, and cell mobility was evaluated by wound healing and transwell assays. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to quantify the RNA expressions, and a western blotting assay was used for protein expression. Interaction between miR-93-5p and Platelet-Activating Factor Acetylhydrolase IB Subunit Beta (PAFAH1B1) was verified by luciferase reporter assay. HE staining assay was applied to assess the histological changes of xenografts. RESULTS CAFs-exo notably enhanced cell mobility and the expression levels of miR-93-5p of BC cells compared to NFs-exo. However, inhibition of miR-93-5p in CAFs-exo exhibited attenuated pro-metastatic ability on BC cells. PAFAH1B1 was one of the predicted targets of miR-93-5p, whose mRNA level was most significantly downregulated after miR-93-5p transfection. The interaction between PAFAH1B1 and miR-93-5p was verified, and miR-93-5p negatively regulated the protein level of PAFAH1B1. Overexpression of PAFAH1B1 could efficiently reverse the effects of miR-93-5p mimic on BC cell mobility. Finally, inhibition of miR-93-5p was proved to impair the carcinogenic function of CAFs-exo in vivo . CONCLUSION Exosomal miR-93-5p derived from CAFs confers oncogenicity on BC cells via sponging PAFAH1B1, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for BC.
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Yuan F, Yin XY, Huang Y, Cai XW, Jin L, Dai GC, Zang YC, Sun Y, Liu XL, Xue BX. Exosomal miR-93-5p as an important driver of bladder cancer progression. Transl Androl Urol 2023; 12:286-299. [PMID: 36915886 PMCID: PMC10006004 DOI: 10.21037/tau-22-872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor-derived exosomes are involved in the process of tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the most widely investigated factors in exosomes. Therefore, we hope to find a new therapeutic target in bladder cancer (BLCA), which has high incidence rate and mortality. Methods Exosomal microRNA(miR)-93-5p expression level, downstream target molecules, and biological functions were examined with bioinformatics technology. Exosomes were extracted by sequential differential centrifugation and verified by transmission electron microscopy. The exosomal miR-93-5p on cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis abilities in 5637 and T24 cells was determined by Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8), colony-forming assay, Transwell assay, and vascular ring formation assay. A mouse xenograft model with intratumor injection was adopted to evaluate the correlation between BLCA-derived exosomes and tumor growth in vivo. Results The results revealed that exosomes play an important role in the biological progression of BLCA, with miR-93-5p being a particularly important molecule. Compared to normal cells, more malignant cells release more exosomal miR-93-5p, and tumor-derived exosomal miR-93-5p could significantly promote cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. We identified phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) as the most significant target of miR-93-5p in BLCA and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Conclusions Our study successfully revealed the biological role and mechanism of BLCA-derived exosomes in tumor progression. Target at tumor exosomes and exosomal miR-93-5p may be an effective treatment in BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yuan
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Yin
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu Huang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Cai
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lu Jin
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guang-Cheng Dai
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ya-Cheng Zang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Sun
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Long Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bo-Xin Xue
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles, which have the ability to convey various types of cargo between cells. Lately, a great amount of interest has been paid to exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs), since much evidence has suggested that the sorting of miRNAs into exosomes is not an accidental process. It has been shown that exosomal miRNAs (exo-miRNAs) are implicated in a variety of cellular processes including (but not limited to) cell migration, apoptosis, proliferation, and autophagy. Exosomes can play a role in cardiovascular diseases and can be used as diagnostic biomarkers for several diseases, especially cancer. Tremendous advances in technology have led to the development of various platforms for miRNA profiling. Each platform has its own limitations and strengths that need to be understood in order to use them properly. In the current review, we summarize some exo-miRNAs that are relevant to exo-miRNA profiling studies and describe new methods used for the measurement of miRNA profiles in different human bodily fluids.
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22
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Zhang Y, Liu WS, Zhang XY, Tong HX, Yang H, Liu WF, Fan J, Zhou J, Hu J. Low expression of exosomal miR-150 predicts poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients after surgical resections. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:930-940. [PMID: 35767307 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver metastasis is a leading indicator of poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Exosomal intercellular communication has been reported to play an important role in cancer invasion and metastasis. Here, we characterized exosomal miRNAs underlying liver metastasis in CRC patients (Cohort 1, n = 30) using miRNA arrays. Exosomal miR-150 was found to be downregulated in CRC patients with liver metastases compared to those without (P = 0.025, fold change [FC] = 2.01). These results were then validated using another independent cohort of CRC patients (Cohort 2, n = 64). Patients with low expression of exosomal miR-150 had significantly shorter overall survival (OS) time (33.3 months versus 43.3 months, P = 0.002). In addition, the low expression of exosomal miR-150 was significantly correlated with advanced tumor node metastasis staging (P = 0.013), higher CA199 level (P = 0.018), and the presence of liver metastasis (P = 0.048). Multivariate analysis showed that low expression of exosomal miR-150 (P = 0.035) and liver metastasis (P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for overall survival. In vivo and in vitro studies showed that the viability and invasion of CRC cells were both significantly suppressed by ExomiR-150. Target-prediction assessment and dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that FTO (the fat mass and obesity-associated gene) was a direct target for miR-150. This study first demonstrated that exosomal miR-150 may be a potential prognostic factor and treatment target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Shuai Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institution, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Han-Xing Tong
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Feng Liu
- Liver Cancer Institution, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Liver Cancer Institution, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Liver Cancer Institution, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Liver Cancer Institution, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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Ebrahimi N, Faghihkhorasani F, Fakhr SS, Moghaddam PR, Yazdani E, Kheradmand Z, Rezaei-Tazangi F, Adelian S, Mobarak H, Hamblin MR, Aref AR. Tumor-derived exosomal non-coding RNAs as diagnostic biomarkers in cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:572. [DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04552-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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24
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Srivastava A, Rathore S, Munshi A, Ramesh R. Organically derived exosomes as carriers of anticancer drugs and imaging agents for cancer treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:80-100. [PMID: 35192929 PMCID: PMC9388703 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), is the umbrella term used for different types of vesicles produced by the cells, among which exosomes form the largest group. Exosomes perform intercellular communication by carrying several biologics from donor or parental cells and delivering them to recipient cells. Their unique cargo-carrying capacity has recently been explored for use as delivery vehicles of anticancer drugs and imaging agents. Being naturally produced, exosomes have many advantages over synthetic lipid-based nanoparticles currently being used clinically to treat cancer and other diseases. The finding of the role of exosomes in human diseases has led to numerous preclinical and clinical studies exploring their use as an amenable drug delivery vehicle and a theranostic in cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, there are certain limitations associated with exosomes, with the most important being the selection of the biological source for producing highly biocompatible exosomes on a large scale. This review article explores the various sources from which therapeutically viable exosomes can be isolated for use as drug carriers for cancer treatment. The methods of exosome isolation and the process of loading them with cancer therapeutics and imaging agents are also discussed in the follow-up sections. Finally, the article concludes with future directions for exosome-based applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Shipra Rathore
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Anupama Munshi
- Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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25
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Wang Y, Gao Y, Song Y. Microfluidics-Based Urine Biopsy for Cancer Diagnosis: Recent Advances and Future Trends. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200422. [PMID: 36040297 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Urine biopsy, allowing for the detection, analysis and monitoring of numerous cancer-associated urinary biomarkers to provide insights into cancer occurrence, progression and metastasis, has emerged as an attractive liquid biopsy strategy with enormous advantages over traditional tissue biopsy, such as noninvasiveness, large sample volume, and simple sampling operation. Microfluidics enables precise manipulation of fluids in a tiny chip and exhibits outstanding performance in urine biopsy owing to its minimization, low cost, high integration, high throughput and low sample consumption. Herein, we review recent advances in microfluidic techniques employed in urine biopsy for cancer detection. After briefly summarizing the major urinary biomarkers used for cancer diagnosis, we provide an overview of the typical microfluidic techniques utilized to develop urine biopsy devices. Some prospects along with the major challenges to be addressed for the future of microfluidic-based urine biopsy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wang
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Sino-French Engineer School, CHINA
| | - Yanfeng Gao
- Nanjing University, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, CHINA
| | - Yujun Song
- Nanjing University, Biomedical Engineering, 22 Hankou Road, 210093, Nanjing, CHINA
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26
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Neuhausser WM, Faure-Kumar E, Mahurkar-Joshi S, Iliopoulos D, Sakkas D. Identification of miR-34-3p as a candidate follicular phase serum marker for endometriosis: a pilot study. F&S SCIENCE 2022; 3:269-278. [PMID: 35977804 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify early follicular phase microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) that are altered in serum of women with endometriosis. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING Large university-affiliated in vitro fertilization center. PATIENT(S) Women with (n = 21) and without (n = 24) endometriosis. INTERVENTION(S) Serum samples were obtained from laparoscopy-confirmed patients with endometriosis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The differential expression of serum miRNAs relative to controls was measured using the NanoString nCounter technology and validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in an independent cohort of 27 patients with endometriosis and controls (n = 24). Microribonucleic acid target signaling pathways and genes were analyzed bioinformatically. A chemically modified stable miR-34-3p oligonucleotide was used to examine the effect on proliferation of VK2E6/E7 endometrial cells in vitro. RESULT(S) Eighteen miRNAs were significantly up-regulated, and 1 miRNA (hsa-miR-34c-3p) was significantly down-regulated in the follicular phase of patients with endometriosis. The analysis of target signaling pathways using TargetScan predicted regulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B, Hippo, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, transforming growth factor beta, and endometrial cancer pathways, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of endometriosis, by these miRNAs. The analysis of sequence complementarity identified prostaglandin E2 receptor 4, interleukin 6 signal transducer, and polo-like kinase 4 genes as possible direct targets of hsa-miR-34-3p. DSDI-1, a chemically modified stable miR-34-3p oligonucleotide, reduced cell proliferation in VK2E6/E7 endometrial cells in vitro. CONCLUSION(S) The follicular phase miRNA levels are altered in serum of women with endometriosis and may be useful as reproducible detection biomarkers for early diagnosis of endometriosis. hsa-miR-34-3p is significantly down-regulated in endometriosis, targets endometriosis genes, and reduces endometrial cell proliferation in vitro. These results support hsa-miR-34-3p as a potential therapeutic target in endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Maria Neuhausser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Emmanuelle Faure-Kumar
- UCLA Center for Systems Biomedicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Swapna Mahurkar-Joshi
- UCLA Center for Systems Biomedicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dimitrios Iliopoulos
- UCLA Center for Systems Biomedicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
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Dyball LE, Smales CM. Exosomes: Biogenesis, targeting, characterisation and their potential as 'Plug & Play' vaccine platforms. Biotechnol J 2022; 17:e2100646. [PMID: 35899790 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are typically characterized as spherical extracellular vesicles less than 150 nm in diameter that have been released into the extracellular environment via fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) to the plasma membrane. Exosomes play a key role in cell-cell communication, vary widely in their composition and potential cargo, and are reportedly involved in processes as diverse as angiogenesis, apoptosis, antigen presentation, inflammation, receptor-mediated endocytosis, cell proliferation, and differentiation, and cell-signaling. Exosomes can also act as biomarkers of health and disease and have enormous potential use as therapeutic agents. Despite this, the understanding of how exosome biogenesis can be utilized to generate exosomes carrying specific targets for particular therapeutic uses, their manufacture, detailed analytical characterization, and methods of application are yet to be fully harnessed. In this review, we describe the current understanding of these areas of exosome biology from a biotechnology and bioprocessing aspect, but also highlight the challenges that remain to be overcome to fully harness the power of exosomes as therapeutic agents, with a particular focus on their use and application as vaccine platforms. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Dyball
- Industrial Biotechnology Centre, School of Biosciences, Division of Natural Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - C Mark Smales
- Industrial Biotechnology Centre, School of Biosciences, Division of Natural Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UK.,National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co, Dublin, A94×099, Ireland
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28
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Su Z, Monshaugen I, Klungland A, Ougland R, Dutta A. Characterization of novel small non-coding RNAs and their modifications in bladder cancer using an updated small RNA-seq workflow. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:887686. [PMID: 35923465 PMCID: PMC9340255 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.887686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Bladder cancer (BLCA) is one of the most common cancer types worldwide. The disease is responsible for about 200,000 deaths annually, thus improved diagnostics and therapy is needed. A large body of evidence reveal that small RNAs of less than 40 nucleotides may act as tumor suppressors, oncogenes, and disease biomarkers, with a major focus on microRNAs. However, the role of other families of small RNAs is not yet deciphered. Recent results suggest that small RNAs and their modification status, play a role in BLCA development and are promising biomarkers due to their high abundance in the exomes and body fluids (including urine). Moreover, free modified nucleosides have been detected at elevated levels from the urine of BLCA patients. A genome-wide view of small RNAs, and their modifications, will help pinpoint the molecules that could be used as biomarker or has important biology in BLCA development. Methods: BLCA tumor tissue specimens were obtained from 12 patients undergoing transurethral resection of non-muscle invasive papillary urothelial carcinomas. Genome-wide profiling of small RNAs less than 40 bases long was performed by a modified protocol with TGIRT (thermostable group II reverse transcriptase) to identify novel small RNAs and their modification status. Results: Comprehensive analysis identified not only microRNAs. Intriguingly, 57 ± 15% (mean ± S.D.) of sequencing reads mapped to non-microRNA-small RNAs including tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs), ribosomal RNA-derived fragments (rRFs) and YRNA-derived fragments (YRFs). Misincorporation (mismatch) sites identified potential base modification positions on the small RNAs, especially on tRFs, corresponding to m1A (N1-methyladenosine), m1G (N1-methylguanosine) and m2 2G (N2, N2-dimethylguanosine). We also detected mismatch sites on rRFs corresponding to known modifications on 28 and 18S rRNA. Conclusion: We found abundant non-microRNA-small RNAs in BLCA tumor samples. Small RNAs, especially tRFs and rRFs, contain modifications that can be captured as mismatch by TGIRT sequencing. Both the modifications and the non-microRNA-small RNAs should be explored as a biomarker for BLCA detection or follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangli Su
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Ida Monshaugen
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Surgery, Baerum Hospital Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Gjettum, Norway
| | - Arne Klungland
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rune Ougland
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Surgery, Baerum Hospital Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Gjettum, Norway
| | - Anindya Dutta
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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29
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Abedi Z, MotieGhader H, Hosseini SS, Sheikh Beig Goharrizi MA, Masoudi-Nejad A. mRNA-miRNA bipartite networks reconstruction in different tissues of bladder cancer based on gene co-expression network analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5885. [PMID: 35393513 PMCID: PMC8991185 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most important cancers worldwide, and if it is diagnosed early, its progression in humans can be prevented and long-term survival will be achieved accordingly. This study aimed to identify novel micro-RNA (miRNA) and gene-based biomarkers for diagnosing BC. The microarray dataset of BC tissues (GSE13507) listed in the GEO database was analyzed for this purpose. The gene expression data from three BC tissues including 165 primary bladder cancer (PBC), 58 normal looking-bladder mucosae surrounding cancer (NBMSC), and 23 recurrent non-muscle invasive tumor tissues (RNIT) were used to reconstruct gene co-expression networks. After preprocessing and normalization, deferentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained and used to construct the weighted gene co-expression network (WGCNA). Gene co-expression modules and low-preserved modules were extracted among BC tissues using network clustering. Next, the experimentally validated mRNA-miRNA interaction information were used to reconstruct three mRNA-miRNA bipartite networks. Reactome pathway database and Gene ontology (GO) was subsequently performed for the extracted genes of three bipartite networks and miRNAs, respectively. To further analyze the data, ten hub miRNAs (miRNAs with the highest degree) were selected in each bipartite network to reconstruct three bipartite subnetworks. Finally, the obtained biomarkers were comprehensively investigated and discussed in authentic studies. The obtained results from our study indicated a group of genes including PPARD, CST4, CSNK1E, PTPN14, ETV6, and ADRM1 as well as novel miRNAs (e.g., miR-16-5p, miR-335-5p, miR-124-3p, and let-7b-5p) which might be potentially associated with BC and could be a potential biomarker. Afterward, three drug-gene interaction networks were reconstructed to explore candidate drugs for the treatment of BC. The hub miRNAs in the mRNA-miRNA bipartite network played a fundamental role in BC progression; however, these findings need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Abedi
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Habib MotieGhader
- Department of Biology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Sahar Sadat Hosseini
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Masoudi-Nejad
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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30
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The role of tumour microenvironment-driven miRNAs in the chemoresistance of muscle-invasive bladder cancer-a review. Urol Oncol 2022; 40:133-148. [PMID: 35246373 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Successful treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer is challenged by the ability of cancer cells to resist chemotherapy. While enormous progress has been made toward understanding the divergent molecular mechanisms underlying chemoresistance, the heterogenous interplay between the bladder tumour and its microenvironment presents significant challenges in comprehending the occurrence of chemoresistance. The last decade has seen exponential interest in the exploration of microRNA (miRNA) as a tool in the management of chemoresistance. In this review, we highlight the miRNAs involved in the tumour microenvironment crosstalk that contributes to the chemoresistance in bladder cancer. Decrypting the role of miRNAs in the interplay beholds scope for future clinical translational application in managing the long-standing concerns of chemoresistance in muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
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31
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Trevisani F, Floris M, Minnei R, Cinque A. Renal Oncocytoma: The Diagnostic Challenge to Unmask the Double of Renal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2603. [PMID: 35269747 PMCID: PMC8910282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal oncocytoma represents the most common type of benign neoplasm that is an increasing concern for urologists, oncologists, and nephrologists due to its difficult differential diagnosis and frequent overtreatment. It displays a variable neoplastic parenchymal and stromal architecture, and the defining cellular element is a large polygonal, granular, eosinophilic, mitochondria-rich cell known as an oncocyte. The real challenge in the oncocytoma treatment algorithm is related to the misdiagnosis due to its resemblance, at an initial radiological assessment, to malignant renal cancers with a completely different prognosis and medical treatment. Unfortunately, percutaneous renal biopsy is not frequently performed due to the possible side effects related to the procedure. Therefore, the majority of oncocytoma are diagnosed after the surgical operation via partial or radical nephrectomy. For this reason, new reliable strategies to solve this issue are needed. In our review, we will discuss the clinical implications of renal oncocytoma in daily clinical practice with a particular focus on the medical diagnosis and treatment and on the potential of novel promising molecular biomarkers such as circulating microRNAs to distinguish between a benign and a malignant lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Trevisani
- Urological Research Institute, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- Unit of Urology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Biorek S.r.l., San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Floris
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, G. Brotzu Hospital, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09134 Cagliari, Italy; (M.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Roberto Minnei
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, G. Brotzu Hospital, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09134 Cagliari, Italy; (M.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Alessandra Cinque
- Biorek S.r.l., San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
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Liquid Biopsies: Flowing Biomarkers. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1379:341-368. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-04039-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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Gupta S, Mazumder P. Exosomes as diagnostic tools. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 110:117-144. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Xie X, Guo LW, Craig Kent K. miR548ai antagonism attenuates exosome-induced endothelial cell dysfunction. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:318. [PMID: 34711811 PMCID: PMC8553949 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00720-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) and smooth muscle cell (SMC) are major cell types adjacent in the vascular wall. Recent progress indicates that their communication is crucial for vascular homeostasis and pathogenesis. In particular, dysfunctional (proliferative) SMCs through exosomes can induce EC dysfunction (impaired growth). The current study suggests that miR548ai, a rarely known microRNA, may provide a molecular target for protection against SMC/exosome-induced EC dysfunction. We performed microarray profiling of microRNAs of dysfunctional human primary aortic SMCs induced by different cytokines (PDGF-BB, TGFβ1, TNFα, IL1β). Among the microRNAs commonly upregulated by these cytokines, miR548ai showed the most robust changes, as also validated through quantitative PCR. This cytokine-induced miR548ai upregulation was recapitulated in the qPCR determination of SMC-derived exosomal microRNAs. Consistent with SMC-to-EC communication, the exosomes extracted from cytokine-stimulated SMCs impaired human EC proliferation and migration. Of particular interest, this SMC exosomal impingement on ECs was countered by transfection of miR548ai inhibitor microRNA into ECs. Furthermore, the miR548ai inhibitor transfected into SMCs attenuated SMC dysfunction/proliferation. Thus, these results identify miR548ai as a novel target; namely, miR548ai inhibitor mitigates EC dysfunction induced by exosomes derived from dysfunctional SMCs. This new knowledge may aid the future development of microRNA-based treatment of vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujie Xie
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA. .,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA. .,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - K Craig Kent
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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Leetanaporn K, Hanprasertpong J, Navakanitworakul R. Molecular insights and clinical impacts of extracellular vesicles in cancer. Oncol Rev 2021; 15:542. [PMID: 34667488 PMCID: PMC8477311 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2021.542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication is a pivotal aspect of cancer biology. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs)have been shown to play essential roles in intercellular communications between cancer cells and the surrounding microenvironment owing to cancer development. EVs are small membrane-bound vesicles secreted by various cells containing proteins, lipids, mRNAs, and non-coding RNAs (microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs), which contribute to cancer cell development and progression. Here, we provide an overview of current research direction on EVs, especially biomolecules in EVs, and also point out the novel diagnostics, monitoring, predicting, and therapeutic aspects using EVs against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jitti Hanprasertpong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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36
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A Set of 17 microRNAs Common for Brain and Cerebrospinal Fluid Differentiates Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma from Non-Malignant Brain Tumors. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091395. [PMID: 34572608 PMCID: PMC8466839 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma, which is predominantly of the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma type (CNS DLBCL), is challenging. MicroRNAs (miRs) are gene expression-regulating non-coding RNAs that are potential biomarkers. We aimed to distinguish miR expression patterns differentiating CNS DLBCL and non-malignant CNS diseases with tumor presentation (n-ML). Next generation sequencing-based miR profiling of cerebrospinal fluids (CSFs) and brain tumors was performed. Sample source-specific (CSF vs. brain tumor) miR patterns were revealed. Even so, a set of 17 miRs differentiating CNS DLBCL from n-ML, no matter if assessed in CSF or in a tumor, was identified. Along with the results of pathway analyses, this suggests their pathogenic role in CNS DLBCL. A combination of just four of those miRs (miR-16-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-92a-3p, and miR-423-5p), assessed in CSFs, discriminated CNS DLBCL from n-ML samples with 100% specificity and 67.0% sensitivity. Analyses of paired CSF-tumor samples from patients with CNS DLBCL showed significantly lower CSF levels of miR-26a, and higher CSF levels of miR-15a-5p, miR-15b-5p, miR-19a-3p, miR-106b-3p, miR-221-3p, and miR-423-5p. Noteworthy, the same miRs belonged to the abovementioned set differentiating CNS DLBCL from non-malignant CNS diseases. Our results not only add to the basic knowledge, but also hold significant translational potential.
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Krappinger JC, Bonstingl L, Pansy K, Sallinger K, Wreglesworth NI, Grinninger L, Deutsch A, El-Heliebi A, Kroneis T, Mcfarlane RJ, Sensen CW, Feichtinger J. Non-coding Natural Antisense Transcripts: Analysis and Application. J Biotechnol 2021; 340:75-101. [PMID: 34371054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-coding natural antisense transcripts (ncNATs) are regulatory RNA sequences that are transcribed in the opposite direction to protein-coding or non-coding transcripts. These transcripts are implicated in a broad variety of biological and pathological processes, including tumorigenesis and oncogenic progression. With this complex field still in its infancy, annotations, expression profiling and functional characterisations of ncNATs are far less comprehensive than those for protein-coding genes, pointing out substantial gaps in the analysis and characterisation of these regulatory transcripts. In this review, we discuss ncNATs from an analysis perspective, in particular regarding the use of high-throughput sequencing strategies, such as RNA-sequencing, and summarize the unique challenges of investigating the antisense transcriptome. Finally, we elaborate on their potential as biomarkers and future targets for treatment, focusing on cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian C Krappinger
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signalling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/II, 8010 Graz, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for innovative Pichia pastoris host and vector systems, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Lilli Bonstingl
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signalling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/II, 8010 Graz, Austria; Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Stiftingtalstraße 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Katrin Pansy
- Division of Haematology, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Katja Sallinger
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signalling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/II, 8010 Graz, Austria; Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Stiftingtalstraße 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Nick I Wreglesworth
- North West Cancer Research Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Bangor University, LL57 2UW Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Lukas Grinninger
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signalling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/II, 8010 Graz, Austria; Austrian Biotech University of Applied Sciences, Konrad Lorenz-Straße 10, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Alexander Deutsch
- Division of Haematology, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Amin El-Heliebi
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signalling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/II, 8010 Graz, Austria; Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Stiftingtalstraße 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Kroneis
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signalling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/II, 8010 Graz, Austria; Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Stiftingtalstraße 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ramsay J Mcfarlane
- North West Cancer Research Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Bangor University, LL57 2UW Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph W Sensen
- BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria; Institute of Computational Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14/V, 8010 Graz, Austria; HCEMM Kft., Római blvd. 21, 6723 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Julia Feichtinger
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signalling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/II, 8010 Graz, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for innovative Pichia pastoris host and vector systems, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/II, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Extracellular Vesicles: New Tools for Early Diagnosis of Breast and Genitourinary Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168430. [PMID: 34445131 PMCID: PMC8395117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancers and cancers of the genitourinary tract are the most common malignancies among men and women and are still characterized by high mortality rates. In order to improve the outcomes, early diagnosis is crucial, ideally by applying non-invasive and specific biomarkers. A key role in this field is played by extracellular vesicles (EVs), lipid bilayer-delimited structures shed from the surface of almost all cell types, including cancer cells. Subcellular structures contained in EVs such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids can be isolated and exploited as biomarkers, since they directly stem from parental cells. Furthermore, it is becoming even more evident that different body fluids can also serve as sources of EVs for diagnostic purposes. In this review, EV isolation and characterization methods are described. Moreover, the potential contribution of EV cargo for diagnostic discovery purposes is described for each tumor.
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Rimmer MP, Gregory CD, Mitchell RT. Extracellular vesicles in urological malignancies. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188570. [PMID: 34019971 PMCID: PMC8351753 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small lipid bound structures released from cells containing bioactive cargoes. Both the type of cargo and amount loaded varies compared to that of the parent cell. The characterisation of EVs in cancers of the male urogenital tract has identified several cargoes with promising diagnostic and disease monitoring potential. EVs released by cancers of the male urogenital tract promote cell-to-cell communication, migration, cancer progression and manipulate the immune system promoting metastasis by evading the immune response. Their use as diagnostic biomarkers represents a new area of screening and disease detection, potentially reducing the need for invasive biopsies. Many validated EV cargoes have been found to have superior sensitivity and specificity than current diagnostic tools currently in use. The use of EVs to improve disease monitoring and develop novel therapeutics will enable clinicians to individualise patient management in the exciting era of personalised medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Rimmer
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Christopher D Gregory
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rod T Mitchell
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK.
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40
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Xu X, Wang H, Guo Y, Zhang X, Li B, Du P, Liu Y, Lu H. Study Progress of Noninvasive Imaging and Radiomics for Decoding the Phenotypes and Recurrence Risk of Bladder Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:704039. [PMID: 34336691 PMCID: PMC8321511 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.704039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary bladder cancer (BCa) is a highly prevalent disease among aged males. Precise diagnosis of tumor phenotypes and recurrence risk is of vital importance in the clinical management of BCa. Although imaging modalities such as CT and multiparametric MRI have played an essential role in the noninvasive diagnosis and prognosis of BCa, radiomics has also shown great potential in the precise diagnosis of BCa and preoperative prediction of the recurrence risk. Radiomics-empowered image interpretation can amplify the differences in tumor heterogeneity between different phenotypes, i.e., high-grade vs. low-grade, early-stage vs. advanced-stage, and nonmuscle-invasive vs. muscle-invasive. With a multimodal radiomics strategy, the recurrence risk of BCa can be preoperatively predicted, providing critical information for the clinical decision making. We thus reviewed the rapid progress in the field of medical imaging empowered by the radiomics for decoding the phenotype and recurrence risk of BCa during the past 20 years, summarizing the entire pipeline of the radiomics strategy for the definition of BCa phenotype and recurrence risk including region of interest definition, radiomics feature extraction, tumor phenotype prediction and recurrence risk stratification. We particularly focus on current pitfalls, challenges and opportunities to promote massive clinical applications of radiomics pipeline in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopan Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Huanjun Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Baojuan Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Peng Du
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hongbing Lu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
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41
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Palanca-Ballester C, Rodriguez-Casanova A, Torres S, Calabuig-Fariñas S, Exposito F, Serrano D, Redin E, Valencia K, Jantus-Lewintre E, Diaz-Lagares A, Montuenga L, Sandoval J, Calvo A. Cancer Epigenetic Biomarkers in Liquid Biopsy for High Incidence Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123016. [PMID: 34208598 PMCID: PMC8233712 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Early alterations in cancer include the deregulation of epigenetic events such as changes in DNA methylation and abnormal levels of non-coding (nc)RNAs. Although these changes can be identified in tumors, alternative sources of samples may offer advantages over tissue biopsies. Because tumors shed DNA, RNA, and proteins, biological fluids containing these molecules can accurately reflect alterations found in cancer cells, not only coming from the primary tumor, but also from metastasis and from the tumor microenvironment (TME). Depending on the type of cancer, biological fluids encompass blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and saliva, among others. Such samples are named with the general term "liquid biopsy" (LB). With the advent of ultrasensitive technologies during the last decade, the identification of actionable genetic alterations (i.e., mutations) in LB is a common practice to decide whether or not targeted therapy should be applied. Likewise, the analysis of global or specific epigenetic alterations may also be important as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and even for cancer drug response. Several commercial kits that assess the DNA promoter methylation of single genes or gene sets are available, with some of them being tested as biomarkers for diagnosis in clinical trials. From the tumors with highest incidence, we can stress the relevance of DNA methylation changes in the following genes found in LB: SHOX2 (for lung cancer); RASSF1A, RARB2, and GSTP1 (for lung, breast, genitourinary and colon cancers); and SEPT9 (for colon cancer). Moreover, multi-cancer high-throughput methylation-based tests are now commercially available. Increased levels of the microRNA miR21 and several miRNA- and long ncRNA-signatures can also be indicative biomarkers in LB. Therefore, epigenetic biomarkers are attractive and may have a clinical value in cancer. Nonetheless, validation, standardization, and demonstration of an added value over the common clinical practice are issues needed to be addressed in the transfer of this knowledge from "bench to bedside".
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora Palanca-Ballester
- Biomarkers and Precision Medicine (UBMP) and Epigenomics Unit, IIS, La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Aitor Rodriguez-Casanova
- Cancer Epigenomics, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.R.-C.); (A.D.-L.)
- Roche-CHUS Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Susana Torres
- CIBERONC, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.T.); (S.C.-F.); (F.E.); (E.R.); (K.V.); (E.J.-L.); (L.M.)
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- TRIAL Mixed Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe-Fundación para la Investigación del Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Calabuig-Fariñas
- CIBERONC, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.T.); (S.C.-F.); (F.E.); (E.R.); (K.V.); (E.J.-L.); (L.M.)
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- TRIAL Mixed Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe-Fundación para la Investigación del Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Exposito
- CIBERONC, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.T.); (S.C.-F.); (F.E.); (E.R.); (K.V.); (E.J.-L.); (L.M.)
- DISNA and Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Diego Serrano
- DISNA and Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Esther Redin
- CIBERONC, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.T.); (S.C.-F.); (F.E.); (E.R.); (K.V.); (E.J.-L.); (L.M.)
- DISNA and Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Karmele Valencia
- CIBERONC, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.T.); (S.C.-F.); (F.E.); (E.R.); (K.V.); (E.J.-L.); (L.M.)
- DISNA and Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eloisa Jantus-Lewintre
- CIBERONC, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.T.); (S.C.-F.); (F.E.); (E.R.); (K.V.); (E.J.-L.); (L.M.)
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- TRIAL Mixed Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe-Fundación para la Investigación del Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Angel Diaz-Lagares
- Cancer Epigenomics, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.R.-C.); (A.D.-L.)
- CIBERONC, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.T.); (S.C.-F.); (F.E.); (E.R.); (K.V.); (E.J.-L.); (L.M.)
| | - Luis Montuenga
- CIBERONC, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.T.); (S.C.-F.); (F.E.); (E.R.); (K.V.); (E.J.-L.); (L.M.)
- DISNA and Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan Sandoval
- Biomarkers and Precision Medicine (UBMP) and Epigenomics Unit, IIS, La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Alfonso Calvo
- CIBERONC, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.T.); (S.C.-F.); (F.E.); (E.R.); (K.V.); (E.J.-L.); (L.M.)
- DISNA and Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (A.C.)
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Shee K, Seigne JD, Karagas MR, Marsit CJ, Hinds JW, Schned AR, Pettus JR, Armstrong DA, Miller TW, Andrew AS. Identification of Let-7f-5p as a novel biomarker of recurrence in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Cancer Biomark 2021; 29:101-110. [PMID: 32623385 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-191322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among patients diagnosed with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), 30% to 70% experience recurrences within 6 to 12 years of diagnosis. The need to screen for these events every 3 to 6 months and ultimately annually by cystoscopy makes bladder cancer one of the most expensive malignancies to manage. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify reproducible prognostic microRNAs in resected non-muscle invasive bladder tumor tissue that are predictive of the recurrent tumor phenotype as potential biomarkers and molecular therapeutic targets. METHODS Two independent cohorts of NMIBC patients were analyzed using a biomarker discovery and validation approach, respectively. RESULTS miRNA Let-7f-5p showed the strongest association with recurrence across both cohorts. Let-7f-5p levels in urine and plasma were both found to be significantly correlated with levels in tumor tissue. We assessed the therapeutic potential of targeting Lin28, a negative regulator of Let-7f-5p, with small-molecule inhibitor C1632. Lin28 inhibition significantly increased levels of Let-7f-5p expression and led to significant inhibition of viability and migration of HTB-2 cells. CONCLUSIONS We have identified Let-7f-5p as a miRNA biomarker of recurrence in NMIBC tumors. We further demonstrate that targeting Lin28, a negative regulator of Let-7f-5p, represents a novel potential therapeutic opportunity in NMIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Shee
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - John D Seigne
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Department of Environmental Health and of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - John W Hinds
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.,Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Alan R Schned
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Jason R Pettus
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - David A Armstrong
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Todd W Miller
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.,Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Angeline S Andrew
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
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43
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El-Shal AS, Shalaby SM, Abouhashem SE, Elbary EHA, Azazy S, Rashad NM, Sarhan W. Urinary exosomal microRNA-96-5p and microRNA-183-5p expression as potential biomarkers of bladder cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4361-4371. [PMID: 34085193 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06451-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Because of low sensitivity and specificity of the currently available urine biomarkers of bladder cancer (BC) detection and painful cystoscopy procedure. Our study aimed to evaluate expression of urinary exosomal miR-96-5p and miR-183-5p as probable non-invasive and accurate biomarkers for the diagnosis and follow up of BC. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; expression of exosomal microRNA (miR)-96-5p and miR- 183-5p in the urine samples of 51 patients with BC, 21 patients with benign urinary bladder lesions and in 24 normal individuals as control group was done. Our study results showed higher expressions of both miR-96-5p and miR-183-5p in urine of BC patients in comparison with control group (P < 0.001 for each). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis showed that each microRNA had good sensitivity and specificity to differentiate BC from non-BC patients miR-96-5p 80.4% and 91.8% and miR-183-5p 78.4% and 81.6% respectively compared to cytology (37.3% and 100%). In addition, it was obvious that the sensitivity of combined miR-96-5p and miR-183-5p for the diagnosis of BC reached 88.2%% and specificity reached 87.8%, which were higher than each one alone. We also found that expression of miR-96-5p and miR-183-5p with high grade, and pathological stage was significantly increased. After surgery, collected urine samples showed significantly lower expression of miR-96-5p-: P < 0.001; and miR-183-5p: P = 0.002. In conclusion, urine miR-96-5p and miR-183-5p are promising tumor biomarkers of BC diagnosis; particularly, when they combined with each other or with urinary cytology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal S El-Shal
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sally M Shalaby
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Safwat E Abouhashem
- Urology Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Eman H Abd Elbary
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samir Azazy
- Urology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nearmeen M Rashad
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Walaa Sarhan
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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44
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Mitchell MI, Ben‐Dov IZ, Liu C, Ye K, Chow K, Kramer Y, Gangadharan A, Park S, Fitzgerald S, Ramnauth A, Perlin DS, Donato M, Bhoy E, Manouchehri Doulabi E, Poulos M, Kamali‐Moghaddam M, Loudig O. Extracellular Vesicle Capture by AnTibody of CHoice and Enzymatic Release (EV-CATCHER): A customizable purification assay designed for small-RNA biomarker identification and evaluation of circulating small-EVs. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12110. [PMID: 34122779 PMCID: PMC8173589 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating nucleic acids, encapsulated within small extracellular vesicles (EVs), provide a remote cellular snapshot of biomarkers derived from diseased tissues, however selective isolation is critical. Current laboratory-based purification techniques rely on the physical properties of small-EVs rather than their inherited cellular fingerprints. We established a highly-selective purification assay, termed EV-CATCHER, initially designed for high-throughput analysis of low-abundance small-RNA cargos by next-generation sequencing. We demonstrated its selectivity by specifically isolating and sequencing small-RNAs from mouse small-EVs spiked into human plasma. Western blotting, nanoparticle tracking, and transmission electron microscopy were used to validate and quantify the capture and release of intact small-EVs. As proof-of-principle for sensitive detection of circulating miRNAs, we compared small-RNA sequencing data from a subset of small-EVs serum-purified with EV-CATCHER to data from whole serum, using samples from a small cohort of recently hospitalized Covid-19 patients. We identified and validated, only in small-EVs, hsa-miR-146a and hsa-miR-126-3p to be significantly downregulated with disease severity. Separately, using convalescent sera from recovered Covid-19 patients with high anti-spike IgG titers, we confirmed the neutralizing properties, against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, of a subset of small-EVs serum-purified by EV-CATCHER, as initially observed with ultracentrifuged small-EVs. Altogether our data highlight the sensitivity and versatility of EV-CATCHER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan I. Mitchell
- Center for Discovery and InnovationHackensack Meridian HealthNutleyNew JerseyUSA
| | - Iddo Z. Ben‐Dov
- Laboratory of Medical TranscriptomicsHadassah‐Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Christina Liu
- Center for Discovery and InnovationHackensack Meridian HealthNutleyNew JerseyUSA
| | - Kenny Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Population HealthAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Kar Chow
- BiorepositoryHackensack University Medical CenterHackensackNew JerseyUSA
| | - Yael Kramer
- BiorepositoryHackensack University Medical CenterHackensackNew JerseyUSA
| | - Anju Gangadharan
- BiorepositoryHackensack University Medical CenterHackensackNew JerseyUSA
| | - Steven Park
- Center for Discovery and InnovationHackensack Meridian HealthNutleyNew JerseyUSA
| | - Sean Fitzgerald
- Center for Discovery and InnovationHackensack Meridian HealthNutleyNew JerseyUSA
| | - Andrew Ramnauth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkUSA
| | - David S. Perlin
- Center for Discovery and InnovationHackensack Meridian HealthNutleyNew JerseyUSA
| | - Michele Donato
- BiorepositoryHackensack University Medical CenterHackensackNew JerseyUSA
| | - Emily Bhoy
- Center for Discovery and InnovationHackensack Meridian HealthNutleyNew JerseyUSA
| | - Ehsan Manouchehri Doulabi
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and PathologyScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Michael Poulos
- Center for Discovery and InnovationHackensack Meridian HealthNutleyNew JerseyUSA
| | - Masood Kamali‐Moghaddam
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and PathologyScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Olivier Loudig
- Center for Discovery and InnovationHackensack Meridian HealthNutleyNew JerseyUSA
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45
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Bratu O, Marcu D, Anghel R, Spinu D, Iorga L, Balescu I, Bacalbasa N, Diaconu C, Savu C, Savu C, Cherciu A. Tumoral markers in bladder cancer (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:773. [PMID: 34055072 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder tumors are frequently diagnosed urologic malignant diseases with an extremely high recurrence rate compared to other neoplastic tumors. Urothelial bladder carcinomas are mostly identified in their incipient form, as non-muscle invasive, but despite that, a third of them develop into aggressive recurrent disease. The diagnosis of bladder carcinoma at this moment is established using cytology and cystoscopy and is a great challenge for clinicians due to the lack of sensitivity. Urinary biomarkers could improve and enhance the diagnosis and screening techniques and determine a more accurate recurrence rate. However, bladder cancer is a heterogeneous disease and the existence of a single marker test with reduced cost is unlikely; thus, until then, the use of a panel of markers to obtain valuable information is inevitable even though suboptimal for use. To improve this deadlock, new biomarker panels should be identified and prepared to equalize the cost-efficiency balance. The present paper is a literature review concerning the most commonly used tumor markers in urinary bladder cancer as well as the most commonly encountered genetic modifications in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovidiu Bratu
- Department of Urology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Urology, University Emergency Central Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Urology, Academy of Romanian Scientists, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragos Marcu
- Department of Urology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Urology, University Emergency Central Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu Anghel
- Department of Urology, University Emergency Central Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dan Spinu
- Department of Urology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Urology, University Emergency Central Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lucian Iorga
- Department of Urology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Urology, University Emergency Central Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Balescu
- Department of Visceral Surgery, 'Ponderas' Academic Hospital, 021188 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicolae Bacalbasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 023991 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Visceral Surgery, Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, 'Fundeni' Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'I. Cantacuzino' Clinical Hospital, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Camelia Diaconu
- Department of Internal Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 105402 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cornel Savu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, 'Marius Nasta' National Institute of Pneumophtisiology, 050159 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Savu
- Department of Anesthesiology, 'Fundeni' Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Cherciu
- Department of Urology, University Emergency Central Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
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46
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Extracellular vesicle-enriched miRNA profiles across pregnancy in the MADRES cohort. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251259. [PMID: 33979365 PMCID: PMC8115775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) circulating in plasma have been proposed as biomarkers for a variety of conditions and diseases, including complications during pregnancy. During pregnancy, about 15-25% of maternal plasma exosomes, a small size-class of EVs, are hypothesized to originate in the placenta, and may play a role in communication between the fetus and mother. However, few studies have addressed changes in miRNA over the course of pregnancy with repeated measures, nor focused on diverse populations. We describe changes in miRNA in early and late pregnancy from the MADRES cohort of primarily low-income Hispanic women based in Los Angeles, CA. miRNA derived from extracellular-vesicles (EVs) were isolated from maternal blood plasma samples collected in early and late pregnancy. In this study, we identified 64 of 130 detectable miRNA which significantly increased with gestational age at the time of collection (GA), and 26 which decreased with GA. Possible fetal sex-specific associations were observed for 30 of these 90 significant miRNA. Predicted gene targets for miRNA significantly associated with GA were identified using MirDIP and were found to be enriched for Gene Ontology categories that included energetic and metabolic processes but were underrepresented in immune-related categories. Circulating EV-associated miRNA during pregnancy are likely important for maternal-fetal communication, and may play roles in supporting and maintaining a healthy pregnancy, given the changing needs of the fetus.
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47
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Wu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Luo S, Yan X, Qiu Y, Zheng L, Li L. Research advances for exosomal miRNAs detection in biosensing: From the massive study to the individual study. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 177:112962. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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48
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Urabe F, Kimura T, Ito K, Yamamoto Y, Tsuzuki S, Miki J, Ochiya T, Egawa S. Urinary extracellular vesicles: a rising star in bladder cancer management. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:1878-1889. [PMID: 33968676 PMCID: PMC8100833 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinically, the detection of bladder cancer (BCa) typically requires cystoscopy, which is potentially harmful and sometimes accompanied by adverse effects. Thus, new biomarkers are desirable for improving the management of BCa. Recently, “liquid biopsy” has received enormous attentions and has been extensively studied due to its promising clinical implication for precise medicine. Especially, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted strong interest as a potential source of biomarkers. EVs have been reported to be found in almost all types of body fluids and are easy to collect. In addition, EVs tightly reflect the current state of the disease by inheriting specific biomolecules from their parental cells. Urinary EVs have gained great scientific interest in the field of BCa biomarker research since urine is in direct contact with BCa and can contain large amounts of EVs from the tumour microenvironment. To date, various kinds of biomolecules, including noncoding RNAs, mRNAs, and proteins, have been investigated as biomarkers in urinary EVs. In this narrative review, we summarize the recent advances regarding urinary EVs as non-invasive biomarkers in patients with BCa. The current hurdles in the clinical implications of EV-based liquid biopsy and the potential applications of EV research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Urabe
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kimura
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kagenori Ito
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Tsuzuki
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Miki
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Urology, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital. Chiba, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Egawa
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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49
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Lourenço C, Constâncio V, Henrique R, Carvalho Â, Jerónimo C. Urinary Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Biomarkers for Urologic Cancers: An Overview of Current Methods and Advances. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1529. [PMID: 33810357 PMCID: PMC8036842 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Urologic cancers are a heterogeneous group of tumors, some of which have poor prognosis. This is partly due to the unavailability of specific and sensitive diagnostic techniques and monitoring tests, ideally non- or minimally invasive. Hence, liquid biopsies are promising tools that have been gaining significant attention over the last decade. Among the different classes of biomarkers that can be isolated from biofluids, urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are a promising low-invasive source of biomarkers, with the potential to improve cancer diagnosis and disease management. Different techniques have been developed to isolate and characterize the cargo of these vesicles; however, no consensus has been reached, challenging the comparison among studies. This results in a vast number of studies portraying an extensive list of uEV-derived candidate biomarkers for urologic cancers, with the potential to improve clinical outcome; however, without significant validation. Herein, we review the current published research on miRNA and protein-derived uEV for prostate, bladder and kidney cancers, focusing on different uEV isolation methods, and its implications for biomarker studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Lourenço
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.); (Â.C.)
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IPO Porto Research Center (CBEG CI-IPOP), Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.); (R.H.)
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Constâncio
- IPO Porto Research Center (CBEG CI-IPOP), Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.); (R.H.)
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- IPO Porto Research Center (CBEG CI-IPOP), Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.); (R.H.)
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ângela Carvalho
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.); (Â.C.)
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- IPO Porto Research Center (CBEG CI-IPOP), Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.); (R.H.)
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
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50
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Stempor PA, Avni D, Leibowitz R, Sidi Y, Stępień M, Dzieciątkowski T, Dobosz P. Comprehensive Analysis of Correlations in the Expression of miRNA Genes and Immune Checkpoint Genes in Bladder Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2553. [PMID: 33806327 PMCID: PMC7961343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalised medicine is the future and hope for many patients, including those with cancers. Early detection, as well as rapid, well-selected treatment, are key factors leading to a good prognosis. MicroRNA mediated gene regulation is a promising area of development for new diagnostic and therapeutic methods, crucial for better prospects for patients. Bladder cancer is a frequent neoplasm, with high lethality and lacking modern, advanced therapeutic modalities, such as immunotherapy. MicroRNAs are involved in bladder cancer pathogenesis, proliferation, control and response to treatment, which we summarise in this perspective in response to lack of recent review publications in this field. We further performed a correlation-based analysis of microRNA and gene expression data in bladder cancer (BLCA) TCGA dataset. We identified 27 microRNAs hits with opposite expression profiles to genes involved in immune response in bladder cancer, and 24 microRNAs hits with similar expression profiles. We discuss previous studies linking the functions of these microRNAs to bladder cancer and assess if they are good candidates for personalised medicine therapeutics and diagnostics. The discussed functions include regulation of gene expression, interplay with transcription factors, response to treatment, apoptosis, cell proliferation and angiogenesis, initiation and development of cancer, genome instability and tumour-associated inflammatory reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław A. Stempor
- SmartImmune Ltd, Accelerate Cambridge, University of Cambridge Judge Business School, Cambridge CB4 1EE, UK;
| | - Dror Avni
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine C, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashome 52621, Israel;
| | - Raya Leibowitz
- Oncology Institute, Shamir Medical Center, Be’er Yaakov, Tel Hashome 52621, Israel;
- Faculty of Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo 6997801, Israel;
| | - Yechezkel Sidi
- Faculty of Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo 6997801, Israel;
| | - Maria Stępień
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
| | | | - Paula Dobosz
- Department of Hematology, Transplantationand Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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