The lncRNA CRNDE promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation and chemoresistance via miR-181a-5p-mediated regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling

Unraveling the role of long non-coding RNAs in therapeutic resistance in acute myeloid leukemia: New prospects & challenges

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a fatal hematological disease characterized by the unchecked proliferation of immature myeloid blasts in different tissues developed by various mutations in hematopoiesis. Despite intense chemotherapeutic regimens, patients often experience poor outcomes, leading to substandard remission rates. In recent years, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have increasingly become important prognostic and therapeutic hotspots, due to their contributions to dysregulating many functional epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-translational mechanisms leading to alterations in cell expressions, resulting in increased chemoresistance and reduced apoptosis in leukemic cells. Through this review, I highlight and discuss the latest advances in understanding the major mechanisms through which lncRNAs confer therapy resistance in AML. In addition, I also provide perspective on the current strategies to target lncRNA expressions. A better knowledge of the critical role that lncRNAs play in controlling treatment outcomes in AML will help improve existing medications and devise new ones.

The effect of LNCRNA SHANK3 on the malignant development of gastric cancer cells by regulating the miR-4530/MNX1

Gastric cancer (GC) has become the first malignant tumor with highest incidence rate and mortality of cancer in China, finding therapeutic targets for gastric cancer is of great significant for improving the survival rate of patients with GC. Recently, many of studies have shown that LncRNAs is involved in multiple biological progresses in the development of GC. This study, we screened for abnormally high expression of LncSHANK3 in GC through the TCGA database, and found that LncSHANK3 sponge adsorbs miR-4530, further competing with MNX1 and binding to miR-4530. We demonstrated the interaction between LncSHANK3 and miR-4530 through luciferase reporting analysis, with miR-4530 negatively regulating MNX1.Through CCK8, colony formation, transwell, and wound healing assays, it was found that LncSHANK3 affects the occurrence of GC through cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In conclusion, LncSHANK3/miR-4530/MNX1 axis is a potential mechanism for the treatment of GC.

Long noncoding RNA KCNMA1-AS2 regulates the function of colorectal cancer cells and sponges miR-1227-5p

BACKGROUND

Many long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) with altered expression significantly influence colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and behavior. The functions of many lncRNAs in CRC are not clear yet. This study aimed to discover novel lncRNA entities and comprehensively examine and validate their roles and underlying molecular mechanisms in CRC.

METHODS

Tissue samples, both tumourous and non-tumourous, from three CRC patients were submitted for sequencing. Following expression validation in samples from ten patients and four CRC cell lines. The lncRNA KCNMA1-AS2 was synthesized by In-vitro transcription RNA synthesis and the lncRNA was directly transfected into CRC cell lines to overexpress. Functional assays including MTT proliferation assay, Annexin-V/propidium iodide apoptosis assay, wound healing migration assay and cell cycle assays were performed to evaluate the effect of overexpression of KCNMA1-AS2. Furthermore, the binding of KCNMA1-AS2 to miR-1227-5p was confirmed using dual luciferase reporter assays and qPCR analyses. Subsequent bioinformatics analyses identified 58 potential downstream targets of miR-1227-5p across three databases.

RESULTS

In this study, we identified the lncRNA KCNMA1-AS2, the expression of which was down-regulated consistently in cancer tissues and CRC cell lines compared to non-cancerous tissues. The overexpression of lncRNA KCNMA1-AS2 led to significant reduction in CRC cell proliferation and migration, increase in cell apoptosis, and more cells arrested in S phase. Additionally, the interaction between KCNMA1-AS2 and miR-1227-5p was confirmed through dual luciferase reporter assay and qPCR analysis. It is also putatively predicted that MTHFR and ST8SIA2 may be linked to CRC based on bioinformatics analyses.

CONCLUSIONS

LncRNA KCNMA1-AS2 exhibited distinct gene expression patterns in both CRC tissue and cell lines, impacting various cellular functions while also acting as a sponge for miR-1227-5p.The findings spotlight lncRNA KCNMA1-AS2 as a potential marker for diagnosis and treatment of CRC.

Long Noncoding RNA CRNDE Promotes Gastric Cancer Progression through Targeting miR-136-5p/MIEN1

Background: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) contribute to the initiation and progression of gastric cancer (GC). The purpose of this study is to examine the potential role of lncRNA colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE) in modulating the expression of migration and invasion enhancer 1 (MIEN1) through the suppression of miR-136-5p in GC. Methods: The biological roles of CRNDE, miR-136-5p, and MIEN1 in GC were assessed both in laboratory settings and through the examination of clinical samples. Results: CRNDE was found to be significantly increased in GC tissues, and this upregulation was associated with an unfavorable prognosis of GC patients. In vitro experiments showed that inhibiting cell growth and migration, along with promoting apoptosis in GC cells, could be achieved by either disabling CRNDE or MIEN1, or by increasing the expression of miR-136-5p. MIEN1 is a specific recipient of miR-136-5p, and the anticancer effects of miR-136-5p can be counteracted by the increased expression of MIEN1. Through the examination of clinical specimens, it has been observed that there is a significant positive correlation between the expression of MIEN1 and CRNDE. In contrast, miR-136-5p expression in GC tissues shows a negative correlation. Conclusion: A previously unexplored therapeutic target for GC involves the CRNDE/miR-136-5p/MIEN1 signal transduction cascade.

Rs12039395 Variant Influences the Expression of hsa-miR-181a-5p and PTEN Toward Colorectal Cancer Risk

BACKGROUND

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in microRNA (miRNA) genes could alter miRNA expression levels or processing and, thus, may contribute to colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Therefore, this study aimed to examine whether the MIR181A1 genomic sequence possesses SNPs that can affect the expression of hsa-miR-181a-5p and, subsequently, impact its targets and associate with CRC risk.

METHODS

The NCBI dbSNP database was searched for possible SNPs associated with MIR181A1. One SNP with a minor allele frequency > 5%, rs12039395 G > T was identified. In silico analyses determined the effect of the SNP on the secondary structure of the miRNA and predicted the hsa-miR-181a-5p target genes. The SNP was genotyped using allelic discrimination assay, the relative hsa-miR-181a-5p expression level was determined using quantitative real-time PCR, and immunohistochemical staining was used to detect target genes in 192 paraffin-embedded specimens collected from 160 CRC patients and 32 healthy subjects.

RESULTS

The rs6505162 SNP conferred protection against CRC, and the G-allele presence provides may provide accessibility for the transcriptional machinery. Hsa-miR-181a-5p was significantly over-expressed in the CRC group compared to controls and in samples carrying the G-allele compared to those with T-allele. PTEN, identified as the only hsa-miR-181a-5p target implicated in CRC, was significantly diminished in the CRC group compared to controls and showed an inverse relationship with hsa-miR-181a-5p expression level as well as negatively associated with the G-allele presence in CRC.

CONCLUSION

This study highlights that rs12039395 G > T may protect against CRC by influencing the expression of hsa-mir-181a-5p and its target gene, PTEN.

Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in carcinogenesis and cancer therapy

The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, encompassing development, tissue homeostasis, and cell proliferation. Under normal physiological conditions, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is meticulously regulated. However, aberrant activation of this pathway and downstream target genes can occur due to mutations in key components of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, epigenetic modifications, and crosstalk with other signaling pathways. Consequently, these dysregulations contribute significantly to tumor initiation and progression. Therapies targeting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling transduction have exhibited promising prospects and potential for tumor treatment. An increasing number of medications targeting this pathway are continuously being developed and validated. This comprehensive review aims to summarize the latest advances in our understanding of the role played by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in carcinogenesis and targeted therapy, providing valuable insights into acknowledging current opportunities and challenges associated with targeting this signaling pathway in cancer research and treatment.

Decoding long non‑coding RNAs: Friends and foes in cancer development (Review)

Cancer remains a formidable adversary, challenging medical advancements with its dismal prognosis, low cure rates and high mortality rates. Within this intricate landscape, long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) emerge as pivotal players, orchestrating proliferation and migration of cancer cells. Harnessing the potential of lncRNAs as therapeutic targets and prognostic markers holds immense promise. The present comprehensive review delved into the molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of lncRNAs in the onset and progression of the top five types of cancer. By meticulously examining lncRNAs across diverse types of cancer, it also uncovered their distinctive roles, highlighting their exclusive oncogenic effects or tumor suppressor properties. Notably, certain lncRNAs demonstrate diverse functions across different cancers, confounding the conventional understanding of their roles. Furthermore, the present study identified lncRNAs exhibiting aberrant expression patterns in numerous types of cancer, presenting them as potential indicators for cancer screening and diagnosis. Conversely, a subset of lncRNAs manifests tissue‑specific expression, hinting at their specialized nature and untapped significance in diagnosing and treating specific types of cancer. The present comprehensive review not only shed light on the intricate network of lncRNAs but also paved the way for further research and clinical applications. The unraveled molecular mechanisms offer a promising avenue for targeted therapeutics and personalized medicine, combating cancer proliferation, invasion and metastasis.

Critical role of the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in radiotherapy (RT)-resistance of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer: Is there a way to defeat this resistance?

Radiotherapy (RT) is a frequently used treatment for cervical cancer, effectively decreasing the likelihood of the disease returning in the same area and extending the lifespan of individuals with cervical cancer. Nevertheless, the primary reason for treatment failure in cancer patients is the cancer cells' resistance to radiation therapy (RT). Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are a subset of RNA molecules that do not code for proteins and are longer than 200 nucleotides. They have a significant impact on the regulation of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers biological processes. Recent research has shown that lncRNAs have a significant impact in controlling the responsiveness of GI cancer to radiation. This review provides a concise overview of the composition and operation of lncRNAs as well as the intricate molecular process behind radiosensitivity in GI cancer. Additionally, it compiles a comprehensive list of lncRNAs that are linked to radiosensitivity in such cancers. Furthermore, it delves into the potential practical implementation of these lncRNAs in modulating radiosensitivity in GI cancer.

Panel of serum long non-coding RNAs as potential non-invasive biomarkers for gallbladder carcinoma

Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a common malignancy and is usually diagnosed in the late stages of the disease. The identification of new effective early diagnostic biomarkers could represent an effective approach in reducing mortality in GBC. Altered expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is believed to be associated with the emergence and development of GBC. Our study aims to identify the expression of a range of circulating lncRNAs, including HOTAIR, ANRIL, H19, CCAT1 and MEG3, in matched serum and tissues of GBC for diagnosis and its association with clinicopathological features. The case and control study included matched serum and tissues from 63 GBC, 19 cholecystitis (CC), and 46 normal controls (NC). RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis from serum and fresh tissue match were performed using commercially available kits. Relative expression was assessed using SYBR Green real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Circulating lncRNA levels including HOTAIR, ANRIL and H19 were upregulated in serum samples, while MEG3 and CCAT1 were downregulated in GBC compared to controls. The trend towards upregulation and downregulation was comparable in the tissue. HOTAIR and MEG3 levels were significantly different between serum CC and early-stage GBC (p = 0.0373, 0.0020), while H19 was significantly upregulated comparing early-stage GBC to advanced-stage GBC (p = 0.018). The expression of ANRIL was significant with M stage (p = 0.0488), H19 with stage (p = 0.009), M stage (p=<0.0001) & stage (0.009) and CCAT1 with M stage (0.044). When distinguishing GBC and NC, AUC for HOTAIR was 0.75, ANRIL 0.78, H19 0.74, CCAT1 0.80 and 0.96 for MEG3. The combination sensitivity for lncRNAs ranged from 84.13% (CI: 72.74-92.12%) to 100.0% (CI: 94.31-100.0%). Significant diagnostic value in discriminating pathologic stage was observed for ANRIL and MEG3 (p = 0.022, p = 0.0005). LncRNA show a significant change in expression in GBC and in discrimination of early stage from late-stage disease. The detection of 2 lncRNAs in panels, in coordination with radiology, could represent a potential serum-based biomarker for early-stage GBC diagnosis.

Glycolysis‑related lncRNA may be associated with prognosis and immune activity in grade II‑III glioma

Glucose metabolism, as a novel theory to explain tumor cell behavior, has been intensively studied in various tumors. The present study explored the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) related to glycolysis in grade II-III glioma, aiming to provide a promising target for further research. Pearson correlation analysis was used to identify glycolysis-related lncRNAs. Univariate/multivariate Cox regression analysis and the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator algorithm were applied to identify glycolysis-related lncRNAs to construct a prognosis prediction model. Subsequently, multi-dimensional evaluations were used to verify whether the risk model could predict the prognosis and survival rate of patients with grade II-III glioma. Finally, it was verified by functional experiments. The present study finally identified seven glycolysis-related lncRNAs (CRNDE, AC022034.1, RHOQ-AS1, AL159169.2, AL133215.2, AC007098.1 and LINC02587) to construct a prognosis prediction model. The present study further investigated the underlying immune microenvironment, somatic landscape and functional enrichment pathways. Additionally, individualized immunotherapeutic strategies and candidate compounds were identified to guide clinical treatment. The experimental results demonstrated that CRNDE could increase the proliferation of SHG-44 cells. In conclusion, a large sample of human grade II-III glioma in The Cancer Genome Atlas database was used to construct a risk model using glycolysis-related lncRNAs to predict the prognosis of patients with grade II-III glioma.

LncRNAs: Emerging biomarkers and therapeutic targets in rectal cancer

According to findings, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have an important function in the onset and growth of various cancers, including rectal cancer (RC). RC offers unique issues in terms of diagnosis, treatment, and results, needing a full understanding of the cellular mechanisms that cause it to develop. This thorough study digs into the various functions that lncRNAs perform in RC, giving views into their multiple roles as well as possible therapeutic consequences. The function of lncRNAs in RC cell proliferation, apoptosis, migratory and infiltrating capacities, epithelial-mesenchymal shift, and therapy tolerance are discussed. Various lncRNA regulatory roles are investigated in depth, yielding information on their effect on essential cell functions such as angiogenesis, death, immunity, and growth. Systemic lncRNAs are currently acknowledged as potential indications for the initial stages of identification of cancer, with the ability to diagnose as well as forecast. Besides adding to their diagnostic utility, lncRNAs offer therapeutic opportunities as actors, contributing to the expanding landscape of cancer research. Moreover, the investigation looks into the assessment and predictive utility of lncRNAs as RC markers. The article also offers insight into lncRNAs as chemoresistance and drug resistance facilitators in the setting of RC.

Long non-coding RNA H19 mediates osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through the miR-29b-3p/DKK1 axis

Single immobilization theory cannot fully account for the extensive bone loss observed after spinal cord injury (SCI). Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are crucial in bone homeostasis because they possess self-renewal capabilities and various types of differentiation potential. This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism of long non-coding RNA H19 in osteoporosis after SCI and provide new research directions for existing prevention strategies. We used small interfering RNA to knockdown H19 expression and regulated miR-29b-2p expression using miR-29b-3p mimetics and inhibitors. Western blotting, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, Alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase staining and double-luciferase reporter gene assays were used to assess gene expression, osteogenic ability and binding sites. lncRNA H19 was upregulated in BMSCs from the osteoporosis group, whereas miR-29b-3p was downregulated. We identified the binding sites between miR-29b-3p and lncRNAs H19 and DKK1. H19 knockdown promoted BMSCs' osteogenic differentiation, whereas miR-29b-3p inhibition attenuated this effect. We discovered potential binding sites for miR-29b-3p in lncRNAs H19 and DKK1. Our findings suggest that long non-coding RNA H19 mediates BMSCs' osteogenic differentiation in osteoporosis after SCI through the miR-29b-3p/DKK1 axis and by directly inhibiting the β-catenin signalling pathway.

A Multi-Faceted Analysis Showing CRNDE Transcripts and a Recently Confirmed Micropeptide as Important Players in Ovarian Carcinogenesis

CRNDE is considered an oncogene expressed as long non-coding RNA. Our previous paper is the only one reporting CRNDE as a micropeptide-coding gene. The amino acid sequence of this micropeptide (CRNDEP) has recently been confirmed by other researchers. This study aimed at providing a mass spectrometry (MS)-based validation of the CRNDEP sequence and an investigation of how the differential expression of CRNDE(P) influences the metabolism and chemoresistance of ovarian cancer (OvCa) cells. We also assessed cellular localization changes of CRNDEP, looked for its protein partners, and bioinformatically evaluated its RNA-binding capacities. Herein, we detected most of the CRNDEP sequence by MS. Moreover, our results corroborated the oncogenic role of CRNDE, portraying it as the gene impacting carcinogenesis at the stages of DNA transcription and replication, affecting the RNA metabolism, and stimulating the cell cycle progression and proliferation, with CRNDEP being detected in the centrosomes of dividing cells. We also showed that CRNDEP is located in nucleoli and revealed interactions of this micropeptide with p54, an RNA helicase. Additionally, we proved that high CRNDE(P) expression increases the resistance of OvCa cells to treatment with microtubule-targeted cytostatics. Furthermore, altered CRNDE(P) expression affected the activity of the microtubular cytoskeleton and the formation of focal adhesion plaques. Finally, according to our in silico analyses, CRNDEP is likely capable of RNA binding. All these results contribute to a better understanding of the CRNDE(P) role in OvCa biology, which may potentially improve the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease.

A comprehensive review of lncRNA CRNDE in cancer progression and pathology, with a specific glance at the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process

It has been suggested that the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), such as colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE), may contribute to the formation of human cancer. It is yet unknown, though, what therapeutic significance CRNDE expression has for different forms of cancer. CRNDE has recently been proposed as a possible diagnostic biomarker and prognostic pred for excellent specificity and sensitivity in cancer tissues and plasma. To provide the groundwork for potential future therapeutic uses of CRNDE, we briefly overview its biological action and related cancer-related pathways. Next, we mainly address the impact of CRNDE on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The epithelial-mesenchymal transition, or EMT, is an essential biological mechanism involved in the spread of cancer.

Modulation of faecal miRNAs highlights the preventive effects of a Mediterranean low-inflammatory dietary intervention

BACKGROUND

Dietary interventions have been proposed as therapeutic approaches for several diseases, including cancer. A low-inflammatory Mediterranean dietary intervention, conducted as a pilot study in subjects with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP), reduced markers of local and systemic inflammation. We aim to determine whether this diet may modulate faecal microRNA (miRNA) and gene expression in the gut.

METHODS

Changes in the faecal miRNome were evaluated by small RNA sequencing at baseline (T0), after the three-month intervention (T1), and after an additional three months (T2). Changes in the transcriptome of healthy rectal mucosa and adenomas were evaluated by RNA sequencing at T0 and T2. The identification of validated miRNA-gene interactions and functional analysis of miRNA targets were performed using in silico approaches.

RESULTS

Twenty-seven subjects were included in this study. It was observed that the diet modulated 29 faecal miRNAs (p < 0.01; |log2 Fold Change|>1), and this modulation persisted for three months after the intervention. Levels of miR-3612-3p and miR-941 correlated with the adherence to the diet, miR-3670 and miR-4252-5p with faecal calprotectin, and miR-3670 and miR-6867 with serum calprotectin. Seventy genes were differentially expressed between adenoma and normal tissue, and most were different before the dietary intervention but reached similar levels after the diet. Functional enrichment analysis identified the proinflammatory ERK1/2, cell cycle regulation, and nutrient response pathways as commonly regulated by the modulated miRNAs and genes.

CONCLUSIONS

Faecal miRNAs modulated by the dietary intervention target genes that participate in inflammation. Changes in levels of miRNAs and genes with oncogenic and tumour suppressor functions further support the potential cancer-preventive effect of the low-inflammatory Mediterranean diet.

CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER REGISTRATION

NCT04552405, Registered in ClinicalTrials.gov.

LINC-PINT suppresses breast cancer cell proliferation and migration via MEIS2/PPP3CC/NF-κB pathway by sponging miR-576-5p

BACKGROUND

Breast cancer (BCa) is the most frequent malignant tumor in women. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been acknowledged to exert critical regulating functions in various cancers. Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA, p53 induced transcript (LINC-PINT) has been reported to be a chemosensitizer and a tumor suppressor in BCa. However, its downstream molecular mechanism contributing to its tumor-suppressing role remains to be explored in BCa.

METHODS

LINC-PINT expression in BCa tissues and cells was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The proliferation of transfected BCa cells was examined by counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and EdU assay. The migrating ability of indicate BCa cells was assessed by wound healing assays. Bioinformatics analysis and mechanism experiments such as RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), RNA pull down assay, and luciferase reporter assay, were applied to demonstrate the downstream targets of LINC-PINT.

RESULTS

LINC-PINT was downregulated in BCa tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of LINC-PINT suppressed BCa cell proliferation and migration. LINC-PINT could interact with miR-576-5p to upregulate Meis homeobox 2 (MEIS2) that positively regulated protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit gamma (PPP3CC) by inactivating the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings elucidated the anti-tumor role of LINC-PINT in BCa via the miR-576-5p/MEIS2/PPP3CC/NF-κB axis, which suggested that LINC-PINT might serve as a potential therapeutic target for BCa.

Upregulation of Long Noncoding RNA PCAT1 in Iranian Patients with Colorectal Cancer and Its Performance as a Potential Diagnostic Biomarker

Background: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as critical molecules play an essential role in the development of cancers. In colorectal cancer (CRC), various lncRNAs are related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. LncRNA prostate cancer-associated transcript 1 (PCAT-1), as an oncogenic factor, is a diagnostic biomarker that regulates cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. Methods: This study evaluated the relationship between PCAT-1, CRC occurrence, and pathological features of Iranian patients. The studied samples included 100 colorectal tumor tissues and 100 adjacent healthy tissues of Iranian CRC patients. RNAs were extracted from cancerous and noncancerous tissues to synthesize complementary DNA. The expression level of PCAT-1 was assessed using the real-time PCR method, and the data analysis was assessed using SPSS software. Results: In this study, expression level of PCAT-1 in tumor tissue was significantly increased in Iranian patients, and pathological studies of the patients had no significant relationship with the PCAT-1 expression profile. Conclusion: Our results suggested that the high expression of PCAT-1 resulted in the occurrence of colorectal tumor tissues in Iranian patients, which can be considered a diagnostic biomarker in CRC.

Targeting PKM2 improves the gemcitabine sensitivity of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells via inhibiting β-catenin signaling pathway

Gemcitabine is considered the standard first-line chemotherapeutic agent for patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). However, its therapeutic efficacy is hampered by the development of chemoresistance. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), a crucial mediator of the final step in glycolysis, has been implicated in the origination and advancement of diverse malignancies. Its expression is increased in many tumor types and this may correlate with increased drug sensitivity. However, the specific effect of PKM2 on the gemcitabine sensitivity in ICC remains to be elucidated. In this research, we aimed to elucidate the role and functional significance of PKM2 in ICC, as well as the heightened susceptibility of ICC cells to gemcitabine by targeting PKM2 and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analyses revealed elevated expression of PKM2 in both tumor cells and macrophages in human ICC tissues. Reducing PKM2 levels significantly restrained the proliferation of tumor cells, impeded cell cycle advance, induced programmed cell death, and suppressed metastasis. In addition, knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of PKM2 could enhance the response of ICC cells to gemcitabine in vitro. Interestingly, conditioned medium co-culture system suggested that conditioned medium from M2 macrophages increased gemcitabine sensitivity of ICC cells. However, silencing PKM2 or pharmacological inhibition of PKM2 in M2 macrophages did not ameliorate the gemcitabine resistance mediated by M2 macrophages derived conditioned medium. Mechanistically, downregulation of PKM2 repressed the expression of β-catenin and its downstream transcriptional targets, thereby hindering the propagation of β-catenin signaling cascade. Finally, the results of the subcutaneous xenograft experiment in nude mice provided compelling evidence of a synergistic interaction between PKM2-IN-1 and gemcitabine in vivo. In summary, we reported that PKM2 may function as an advantageous target for increasing the sensitivity of ICC to gemcitabine treatment. Targeting PKM2 improves the gemcitabine sensitivity of ICC cells via inhibiting β-catenin signaling pathway.

The Critical Function of microRNAs in Developing Resistance against 5- Fluorouracil in Cancer Cells

Although there have been significant advancements in cancer treatment, resistance and recurrence in patients make it one of the leading causes of death worldwide. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), an antimetabolite agent, is widely used in treating a broad range of human malignancies. The cytotoxic effects of 5-FU are mediated by the inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TYMS/TS), resulting in the suppression of essential biosynthetic activity, as well as the misincorporation of its metabolites into RNA and DNA. Despite its huge benefits in cancer therapy, the application of 5-FU in the clinic is restricted due to the occurrence of drug resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that act as negative regulators in many gene expression processes. Research has shown that changes in miRNA play a role in cancer progression and drug resistance. This review examines the role of miRNAs in 5-FU drug resistance in cancers.

The potential relevance of long non-coding RNAs in colorectal cancer pathogenesis and treatment: A review focus on signaling pathways

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent cancers in incidence and mortality. Despite advances in cancer biology, molecular genetics, and targeted treatments, CRC prognosis and survival have not kept pace. This is usually due to advanced staging and metastases at diagnosis. Thus, great importance has been placed upon understanding the molecular pathophysiology behind the development of CRC, which has highlighted the significance of non-coding RNA's role and associated intracellular signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of the disease. According to recent studies, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), a subtype of ncRNAs whose length exceeds 200 nucleotides, have been found to have regulatory functions on multiple levels. Their actions at the transcription, post-transcriptional, translational levels, and epigenetic regulation have made them prime modulators of gene expression. Due to their role in cellular cancer hallmarks, their dysregulation has been linked to several illnesses, including cancer. Furthermore, their clinical relevance has expanded due to their possible detection in blood which has cemented them as potential future biomarkers and thus, potential targets for new therapy. This review will highlight the importance of lncRNAs and related signaling pathways in the development of CRC and their subsequent clinical applications.

Long term exercise-derived exosomal LncRNA CRNDE mitigates myocardial infarction injury through miR-489-3p/Nrf2 signaling axis

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a cardiovascular disease and troubles patients all over the world. Exosomes produced after long-term exercise training were discovered to mediate intercellular communication and alleviate MI-induced heart injury. However, the detailed roles of long-term exercise-derived exosomal long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) in MI remain uncovered. In this study, we collected and identified long-term exercise-derived exosomes, and established MI or hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model after LncRNA colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE) depletion. This work proved that LncRNA CRNDE was highly expressed in long-term exercise-derived exosomes (p = 0.0078). CRNDE knockdown increased cardiomyocytes apoptosis and oxidative stress (p = 0.0036), and suppressed MI progress (p = 0.0005). CRNDE served as the sponge of miR-489-3p to affect Nrf2 expression (p = 0.0001). MiR-489-3p inhibition effectively reversed the effects of CRNDE depletion on hypoxia cardiomyocytes (p = 0.0002). These findings offered a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of MI.

Non-coding RNAs in Precursor Lesions of Colorectal Cancer: Their Role in Cancer Initiation and Formation

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the world's most common types of malignancy. The proliferation of precancerous lesions causes this type of cancer. Two distinct pathways for CRC carcinogenesis have been identified: the conventional adenoma-carcinoma pathway and the serrated neoplasia pathway. Recently, evidence has demonstrated the regulatory roles of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the initiation and progression of precancerous lesions, especially in the adenoma-carcinoma pathway and serrated neoplasia pathway. By expanding the science of molecular genetics and bioinformatics, several studies have identified dysregulated ncRNAs that function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in cancer initiation and formation by diverse mechanisms via intracellular signaling pathways known to act on tumor cells. However, many of their roles are still unclear. This review summarizes the functions and mechanisms of ncRNAs (such as long non-coding RNAs, microRNAs, long intergenic non-coding RNAs, small interfering RNAs, and circRNAs) in the initiation and formation of precancerous lesions.

Exosomal non-coding RNAs: Blueprint in colorectal cancer metastasis and therapeutic targets

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is ranked as the world's third-most prevalent cancer, and metastatic CRC considerably increases cancer-related fatalities globally. A number of complex mechanisms that are strictly controlled at the molecular level are involved in metastasis, which is the primary reason for death in people with CRC. Recently, it has become clear that exosomes, which are small extracellular vesicles released by non-tumorous and tumorigenic cells, play a critical role as communication mediators among tumor microenvironment (TME). To facilitate communication between the TME and cancer cells, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a crucial role and are recognized as potent regulators of gene expression and cellular processes, such as metastasis and drug resistance. NcRNAs are now recognized as potent regulators of gene expression and many hallmarks of cancer, including metastasis. Exosomal ncRNAs, like miRNAs, circRNAs, and lncRNAs, have been demonstrated to influence a number of cellular mechanisms that contribute to CRC metastasis. However, the molecular mechanisms that link exosomal ncRNAs with CRC metastasis are not well understood. This review highlights the essential roles that exosomal ncRNAs play in the progression of CRC metastatic disease and explores the therapeutic choices that are open to patients who have CRC metastases. However, exosomal ncRNA treatment strategy development is still in its early phases; consequently, additional investigation is required to improve delivery methods and find novel therapeutic targets as well as confirm the effectiveness and safety of these therapies in preclinical and clinical contexts.

Oncofetal reprogramming in tumor development and progression: novel insights into cancer therapy

Emerging evidence indicates that cancer cells can mimic characteristics of embryonic development, promoting their development and progression. Cancer cells share features with embryonic development, characterized by robust proliferation and differentiation regulated by signaling pathways such as Wnt, Notch, hedgehog, and Hippo signaling. In certain phase, these cells also mimic embryonic diapause and fertilized egg implantation to evade treatments or immune elimination and promote metastasis. Additionally, the upregulation of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, including multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), and breast cancer-resistant protein (BCRP), in drug-resistant cancer cells, analogous to their role in placental development, may facilitate chemotherapy efflux, further resulting in treatment resistance. In this review, we concentrate on the underlying mechanisms that contribute to tumor development and progression from the perspective of embryonic development, encompassing the dysregulation of developmental signaling pathways, the emergence of dormant cancer cells, immune microenvironment remodeling, and the hyperactivation of ABC transporters. Furthermore, we synthesize and emphasize the connections between cancer hallmarks and embryonic development, offering novel insights for the development of innovative cancer treatment strategies.

CRNDE: A Pivotal Oncogenic Long Non-Coding RNA in Cancers

Colorectal Neoplasia Differentially Expressed (CRNDE), a long non-coding RNA that was initially identified as aberrantly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) has also been observed to exhibit elevated expression in various other human malignancies. Recent research has accumulated substantial evidence implicating CRNDE as an oncogenic player, exerting influence over critical cellular processes linked to cancer progression. Particularly, its regulatory interactions with microRNAs and proteins have been shown to modulate pathways that contribute to carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis. This review will comprehensively outline the roles of CRNDE in colorectal, liver, glioma, lung, cervical, gastric and prostate cancer, elucidating the mechanisms involved in modulating proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and radio/chemoresistance. Furthermore, the review highlights CRNDE's potential as a multifaceted biomarker, owing to its presence in diverse biological samples and stable properties, thereby underscoring its diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic applications. This review aims to provide comprehensive insights of CRNDE-mediated oncogenesis and identify CRNDE as a promising target for future clinical interventions.

FTO-mediated LINC01134 stabilization to promote chemoresistance through miR-140-3p/WNT5A/WNT pathway in PDAC

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive cancer most frequently detected at an advanced stage that limits treatment options to systemic chemotherapy, which has provided only marginal positive clinical outcomes. Currently, the first-line chemotherapeutic agent for PDAC is gemcitabine (GEM). However, the chemotherapy resistance to GEM is often overlooked in the clinical treatment of PDAC due to the lack of effective biological markers. Therefore, it is crucial to find new prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for patients with PDAC. In this study, we identified a novel regulatory mechanism in the development of resistance to GEM in PDAC. Here, we report that LINC01134 was significantly upregulated in primary tumors from PDAC patients. In vitro and in vivo functional studies revealed that LINC01134 promotes PDAC resistance to GEM through facilitating stem cell features and modulating the cell cycle. Mechanistically, LINC01134 interactes with tumor suppressor miR-497-5p in PDAC cells. Increased LINC01134 downregulates miR-140-3p to promotes the oncogenic WNT5A expression. Moreover, m6A demethylase FTO participated in the upregulation of LINC01134 by maintaining LINC01134 mRNA stability through YTHDF2. Taken together, the present study suggested FTO-mediated LINC01134 stabilization to promote chemotherapy resistance to GEM through miR-140-3p/WNT5A/WNT pathway in PDAC. Our study identified new prognostic markers and new therapeutic targets for patients with PDAC.

Role of miR‑181a‑5p in cancer (Review)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non‑coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that can post‑transcriptionally suppress targeted genes. Dysregulated miRNAs are associated with a variety of diseases. MiR‑181a‑5p is a conserved miRNA with the ability to regulate pathological processes, such as angiogenesis, inflammatory response and obesity. Numerous studies have demonstrated that miR‑181a‑5p exerts regulatory influence on cancer development and progression, acting as an oncomiR or tumor inhibitor in various cancer types by impacting multiple hallmarks of tumor. Generally, miR‑181a‑5p binds to target RNA sequences with partial complementarity, resulting in suppression of the targeted genes of miR‑181a‑5p. However, the precise role of miR‑181a‑5p in cancer remains incompletely understood. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of recent research on miR‑181a‑5p, focusing on its involvement in different types of cancer and its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, as well as its function in chemoresistance.

Unveiling the connection: Long-chain non-coding RNAs and critical signaling pathways in breast cancer

Breast cancer is a complex and diverse condition that disrupts multiple signaling pathways essential for cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Recently, the significant involvement of long-chain non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in controlling key signaling pathways associated with breast cancer development has been discovered. This review aims to explore the interaction between lncRNAs and various pathways, including the AKT/PI3K/mTOR, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, DNA damage response, TGF-β, Hedgehog, and NF-κB signaling pathways, to gain a comprehensive understanding of their roles in breast cancer. The AKT/PI3K/mTOR pathway regulates cell growth, survival, and metabolic function. Recent data suggests that specific lncRNAs can influence the functioning of this pathway, acting as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Dysregulation of this pathway is commonly observed in breast cancer cases. Moreover, breast cancer development has been associated with other pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, TGF-β, Hedgehog, and NF-κB. Emerging studies have identified lncRNAs that modulate breast cancer's growth, progression, and metastasis by interacting with these pathways. To advance the development of innovative diagnostic tools and targeted treatment options, it is crucial to comprehend the intricate relationship between lncRNAs and vital signaling pathways in breast cancer. By fully harnessing the therapeutic potential of lncRNAs, there is a possibility of developing more effective and personalized therapy choices for breast cancer patients. Further investigation is necessary to comprehensively understand the role of lncRNAs within breast cancer signaling pathways and fully exploit their therapeutic potential.

Long Non-Coding RNAs in Colorectal Cancer: Navigating the Intersections of Immunity, Intercellular Communication, and Therapeutic Potential

This comprehensive review elucidates the intricate roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) within the colorectal cancer (CRC) microenvironment, intersecting the domains of immunity, intercellular communication, and therapeutic potential. lncRNAs, which are significantly involved in the pathogenesis of CRC, immune evasion, and the treatment response to CRC, have crucial implications in inflammation and serve as promising candidates for novel therapeutic strategies and biomarkers. This review scrutinizes the interaction of lncRNAs with the Consensus Molecular Subtypes (CMSs) of CRC, their complex interplay with the tumor stroma affecting immunity and inflammation, and their conveyance via extracellular vesicles, particularly exosomes. Furthermore, we delve into the intricate relationship between lncRNAs and other non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs and circular RNAs, in mediating cell-to-cell communication within the CRC microenvironment. Lastly, we propose potential strategies to manipulate lncRNAs to enhance anti-tumor immunity, thereby underlining the significance of lncRNAs in devising innovative therapeutic interventions in CRC.

MCM5 is an oncogene of colon adenocarcinoma and promotes progression through cell cycle control

Many patients with colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) are diagnosed at an advanced stage, and the molecular mechanism of COAD progression is intricate and controversial. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify more novel prognosis biomarkers for COAD and elucidate the molecular mechanism of this disease. The present study aimed to screen out key genes correlated with COAD prognosis. In this study, a key module was identified and four hub genes (MCM5 (encoding minichromosome maintenance complex component 5), NOLC1 (encoding nucleolar and coiled-body phosphoprotein 1), MYC (encoding MYC proto-oncogene, BHLH transcription factor), and CDK4 (encoding cyclin dependent kinase 4)) were selected that correlated with COAD prognosis, based on the GSE9348 dataset in Gene Expression Omnibus database. Gene ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis indicated that MCM5 correlated with the cell cycle. Furthermore, MCM5 expression was upregulated in tumor tissues of patients with COAD compared with that in adjacent tissues, based on various databases, including The Cancer Genome Atlas, the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium database, and the Human Protein Atlas database. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of MCM5 inhibited the cell cycle and migration of colorectal cancer cells in vitro. And western blotting results indicated that factors correlated with cell cycle (CDK2/6, Cyclin D3, P21) were downregulated after knockdown of MCM5 in vitro. Besides, downregulation of MCM5 was demonstrated to inhibit lung metastasis of COAD in nude mice model. In conclusion, MCM5 is an oncogene of COAD that promotes COAD progression via cell cycle control.

Recent advances microRNAs and metabolic reprogramming in colorectal cancer research

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a cancer with the highest incidence and mortality. Alteration of gene expression is the main pathophysiological mechanism of CRC, which results in disturbed signaling pathways and cellular metabolic processes. MicroRNAs are involved in almost all pathophysiological processes and are correlative with colorectal cancer metabolism, proliferation, and chemotherapy resistance. Metabolic reprogramming, an important feature of cancer, is strongly correlative with the development and prognosis of cancers, including colorectal cancer. MicroRNAs can target enzymes involved in metabolic processes, thus playing a regulatory role in tumor metabolism. The disorder of the signaling pathway is another characteristic of tumor, which induces the occurrence and proliferation of tumors, and is closely correlative with the prognosis and chemotherapy resistance of tumor patients. MicroRNAs can target the components of the signaling pathways to regulate their transduction. Understanding the function of microRNAs in the occurrence and proliferation of CRC provides novel insights into the optimal treatment strategies, prognosis, and development of diagnosis in CRC. This article reviews the relationship between CRC and microRNA expression and hopes to provide new options for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC.

Exploring molecular markers and drug candidates for colorectal cancer through comprehensive bioinformatics analysis

Colorectal cancer (CRC) often has a poor prognosis and identifying useful and novel agents for treating CRC is urgently required. This study aimed to examine molecular markers associated with CRC prognosis and to identify potential drug candidates. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of CRC in TCGA were identified. The genes associated with CRC, summarized from NCBI-gene, OMIM, and the DEGs, were used to construct a co-expression network by WGCNA. Moreover, the co-expression genes from modules of interest were used to carry out functional enrichment. A total of 2742 DEGs, including 1674 upregulated and 1068 downregulated genes, were identified. Thirteen co-expression modules were constructed with WGCNA. Brown and blue co-expression modules with significant differences in disease phenotype were found. Functional enrichment analysis showed that genes in the brown module were mainly related to cell cycle, cell proliferation, DNA replication, and RNA transport. The genes in the blue module were mainly associated with fatty acid degradation, sulfur metabolism, PPAR signaling pathway and bile secretion. In addition, both the genes in brown and blue were associated with tumor staging. Some prognostic markers and candidate small molecules drugs for CRC treatment were identified. In conclusion, we revealed molecular biomarker profiles in CRC by systematic bioinformatics analysis, constructed regulatory networks of mRNA, ncRNA and transcriptional regulators (TFs), and identified potential drugs targeting hub proteins and TFs.

Progress of regulatory RNA in small extracellular vesicles in colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract with the second highest mortality rate and the third highest incidence rate. Early diagnosis and treatment are important measures to reduce CRC mortality. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have emerged as key mediators that facilitate communication between tumor cells and various other cells, playing a significant role in the growth, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. Regulatory RNAs have been identified as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of CRC, serving as crucial factors in promoting CRC cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, drug resistance, and immune cell differentiation. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the vital role of sEVs as biomarkers in CRC diagnosis and their potential application in CRC treatment, highlighting their importance as a promising avenue for further research and clinical translation.

Exosomal circ-AHCY promotes glioblastoma cell growth via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

BACKGROUND

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor. Reportedly, circular RNAs (circRNAs) participate in regulation of the development and progression of diverse cancers, including GBM.

METHODS

Dysregulated circRNAs in GBM tissues were screened out from GEO database. The expression of candidate circRNAs in GBM cells was measured by qRT-PCR. Loss-of function assays, including colony formation assay, EdU assay, TUNEL assay, and flow cytometry analysis were conducted to determine the effects of circ-AHCY knockdown on GBM cell proliferation and apoptosis. Animal study was further used to prove the inhibitory effect of circ-AHCY silencing on GMB cell growth. Mechanistic experiments like luciferase reporter, RNA pull-down and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were performed to unveil the downstream molecular mechanism of circ-AHCY. Nanosight Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) and PKH67 staining were applied to identify the existence of exosomes.

RESULTS

Circ-AHCY was confirmed to be highly expressed in GBM cells. Circ-AHCY silencing suppressed GBM cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, circ-AHCY activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by sequestering miR-1294 to up-regulate MYC which activated CTNNB1 transcription. It was also found that circ-AHCY recruited EIF4A3 to stabilize TCF4 mRNA. Enhanced levels of TCF4 and β-catenin contributed to the stability of TCF4/β-catenin complex. In turn, TCF4/β-catenin complex strengthened the transcriptional activity of circ-AHCY. Exosomal circ-AHCY derived from GBM cells induced abnormal proliferation of normal human astrocytes (NHAs).

CONCLUSION

Exosomal circ-AHCY forms a positive feedback loop with Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to promote GBM cell growth.

Implications of CRNDE in prognosis, tumor immunity, and therapeutic sensitivity in low grade glioma patients

BACKGROUND

Colorectal tumor differentially expressed (CRNDE) is specifically expressed in human brains and is the most highly expressed lncRNA in gliomas. Nevertheless, its implications in low grade glioma (LGG) are still indistinct. This study presented systematic analyses of CRNDE in LGG biology.

METHODS

We retrospectively retrieved TCGA, CGGC and GSE16011 LGG cohorts. Survival analysis was conducted for evaluating the prognostic significance of CRNDE in LGG. A CRNDE-based nomogram was established, and its predictive performance was verified. Signaling pathways underlying CRNDE were analyzed through ssGSEA and GSEA approaches. The abundance of immune cells and activity of cancer-immunity cycle were estimated with ssGSEA approach. Immune checkpoints, HLAs, chemokines, and immunotherapeutic response indicators (TIDE, and TMB) was quantified. U251 and SW1088 cells were transfected with specific shRNAs of CRNDE, and flow cytometry (apoptosis) and western blot (β-catenin and Wnt5a) assays were conducted.

RESULTS

Up-regulated CRNDE was found in LGG, and was linked to unfavorable clinical outcomes. The CRNDE-based nomogram enabled to accurately predict patients' prognosis. High CRNDE expression was linked to more genomic variations, activity of tumorigenic pathways, tumor immunity (increase in infiltration of immune cells, expression of immune checkpoints, HLAs and chemokines, and cancer-immunity cycle), and therapeutic sensitivity. CRNDE knockdown mitigated malignant phenotypes of LGG cells.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study determined CRNDE as a novel predictor for patient prognosis, tumor immunity and therapeutic response in LGG. Assessment of CRNDE expression is a promising approach for predicting the therapeutic benefits of LGG patients.

Comprehensive analysis of oxidative stress-related lncRNA signatures in glioma reveals the discrepancy of prognostic and immune infiltration

Oxidative stress refers to the process of reactive oxide species (ROS) increase in human body due to various factors, which leads to oxidative damage in human tissues. Current studies have confirmed that sustained oxidative stress is one of the distinctive features throughout the development of tumors. Numerous reports have shown that lncRNAs can regulate the process of oxidative stress through multiple pathways. However, the relationship between glioma-associated oxidative stress and lncRNAs is not clearly investigated. RNA sequencing data of GBM (glioblastoma) and LGG (low grade glioma) and corresponding clinical data were retrieved from the TCGA database. Oxidative stress related lncRNAs (ORLs) were identified by Pearson correlation analysis. Prognostic models for 6-ORLs were structured in the training cohort by univariate Cox regression analysis, multivariate Cox regression analysis and LASSO regression analysis. We constructed the nomogram and verified its predictive efficacy by Calibration curves and DCA decision curves. The biological functions and pathways of 6-ORLs-related mRNAs were inferred by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Immune cell abundance and immune function associated with risk score (RS) were estimated by ssGSEA, CIBERSORT and MCPcounter synthetically. External validation of the signature was completed using the CGGA-325 and CGGA-693 datasets. 6-ORLs signature-AC083864.2, AC107294.1, AL035446.1, CRNDE, LINC02600, and SNAI3-AS1-were identified through our analysis as being predictive of glioma prognosis. Kaplan-Meier and ROC curves indicated that the signature has a dependable predictive efficacy in the TCGA training cohort, validation cohort and CGGA-325/CGGA-693 test cohort. The 6-ORLs signature were verified to be independent prognostic predictors by multivariate cox regression and stratified survival analysis. Nomogram built with risk scores had strong predictive efficacy for patients' overall survival (OS). The outcomes of the functional enrichment analysis revealing potential molecular regulatory mechanisms for the 6-ORLs. Patients in the high-risk subgroup presented a significant immune microenvironment of macrophage M0 and cancer-associated fibroblast infiltration which was associated with a poorer prognosis. Finally, the expression levels of 6-ORLs in U87/U251/T98/U138 and HA1800 cell lines were verified by RT-qPCR. The nomogram in this study has been made available as a web version for clinicians. This 6-ORLs risk signature has the capabilities to predict the prognosis of glioma patients, assist in evaluating immune infiltration, and assess the efficacy of various anti-tumor systemic therapy regimens.

Long non-coding RNA crnde promotes deep vein thrombosis by sequestering miR-181a-5p away from thrombogenic Pcyox1l

BACKGROUND

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is an interplay of genetic and acquired risk factors, where functional interactions in lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA networks contribute to disease pathogenesis. Based on the high-throughput transcriptome sequencing prediction, we have assessed the contribution of lncRNA Crnde/miR-181a-5p/Pcyox1l axis to thrombus formation.

METHODS

DVT was modeled in mice by inferior vena cava stenosis, and inferior vena cava tissues were harvested for high-throughput transcriptome sequencing to screen differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs. The key miRNA binding to Crnde and Pcyox1l was obtained through searching the RNAInter and mirWalk databases. The binding affinity between Crnde, miR-181a-5p, and Pcyox1l was examined by FISH, dual luciferase reporter gene, RNA pull-down, and RIP assays. Functional experiments were conducted in DVT mouse models to assess thrombus formation and inflammatory injury in inferior vena cava.

RESULTS

It was noted that Crnde and Pcyox1l were upregulated in the blood of DVT mice. Crnde competitively bound to miR-181a-5p and inhibited miR-181a-5p expression, and Pcyox1l was the downstream target gene of miR-181a-5p. Silencing of Crnde or restoration of miR-181a-5p reduced inflammatory injury in the inferior vena cava, thus curtailing thrombus formation in mice. Ectopic expression of Pcyox1l counterweighed the inhibitory effect of Crnde silencing.

CONCLUSIONS

Therefore, Crnde sequesters miR-181a-5p to release Pcyox1l expression via ceRNA mechanism, thus aggravating thrombus formation in DVT.

LINC01232 promotes lung squamous cell carcinoma progression through modulating miR-181a-5p/SMAD2 axis

BACKGROUND

LINC01232 has been implicated in the progression of multiple malignancies. Yet, the function of LINC01232 in the carcinogenesis of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) remains unclear. This study aims to examine the role LINC01232 plays in LUSC progression.

METHODS

mRNA and protein levels were assessed using qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. Cell proliferation was assessed by CCK-8 and colony formation assays. Cell migration and invasion were evaluated by transwell assay. The interactions between LINC01232, miR-181a-5p, and SMAD2 were assessed using luciferase reporter, RNA pull-down, and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. The subcellular distribution of LINC01232 was examined by cytosolic/nuclear fractionation assay RESULTS: LINC01232 was upregulated in both LUSC tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of LINC01232 impaired cell proliferation, migration and invasion capability in H1229 and A549 cells, a phenotype that could be reversed by miR-181a-5p silencing. In addition, LINC01232 silencing reduced levels of N-cadherin, Vimentin, and Snail in H1229 and A549 cells, but increased the level of E-cadherin, which can be abrogated by miR-181a-5p inhibitors.

CONCLUSIONS

In summary, our study demonstrates that LINC01232 expression increases in LUSC tissues and cell lines and promotes LUSC progression by modulating the miR-181a-5p/SMAD2 signaling, providing new potential drug targets for LUSC treatment.

Association of genetic variants of CircCHST15 with oral squamous cell carcinoma in the Chinese Han population

BACKGROUND

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common cancer in the oral cavity. The relationship between the genetic susceptibility of circCHST15 and OSCC remains unclear.

METHODS

Genetic variants of circCHST15 were screened using a genotyping analysis from 1044 patients with OSCC and 3199 healthy participants. The circCHST15 expression was detected in 32 pairs of OSCC tissues. The circular RNA quantitative trait locus analysis and the reporter gene assay were performed for verification.

RESULTS

The circCHST15 expression was upregulated in OSCC (Wilcoxon p < 1e-3). The genotyping analysis screened out 61 loci in circCHST15 associated with the risk of OSCC. After adjustment and annotation, rs28707473 (A > C, odds ratio = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.076-1.361, p = 1.453e-3) was selected. This genetic variation could elevate the circCHST15 expression level possibly by altering the structure of circular RNAs and affecting transcription factor binding.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study suggested that genetic variants of circCHST15 may contribute to OSCC susceptibility.

LncRNA CACClnc promotes chemoresistance of colorectal cancer by modulating alternative splicing of RAD51

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in carcinogenesis. However, the effect of lncRNA on chemoresistance and RNA alternative splicing remains largely unknown. In this study, we identified a novel lncRNA, CACClnc, which was upregulated and associated with chemoresistance and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC). CACClnc promoted CRC resistance to chemotherapy via promoting DNA repair and enhancing homologous recombination in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, CACClnc specifically bound to Y-box binding protein 1 (YB1, a splicing factor) and U2AF65 (a subunit of U2AF splicing factor), promoting the interaction between YB1 and U2AF65, and then modulated alternative splicing (AS) of RAD51 mRNA, and consequently altered CRC cell biology. In addition, expression of exosomal CACClnc in peripheral plasma of CRC patients can effectively predict the chemotherapy effect of patients before treatment. Thus, measuring and targeting CACClnc and its associated pathway could yield valuable insight into clinical management and might ameliorate CRC patients' outcomes.

LncRNAs in colorectal cancer: Biomarkers to therapeutic targets

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in men and women worldwide. As early detection is associated with lower mortality, novel biomarkers are urgently needed for timely diagnosis and appropriate management of patients to achieve the best therapeutic response. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play essential roles in CRC progression. Accordingly, the regulatory roles of lncRNAs should be better understood in general and for identifying diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers in CRC specifically. In this review, the latest advances on the potential diagnostic and prognostic lncRNAs as biomarkers in CRC samples were highlighted, Current knowledge on dysregulated lncRNAs and their potential molecular mechanisms were summarized. The potential therapeutic implications and challenges for future and ongoing research in the field were also discussed. Finally, novel insights on the underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs were examined as to their potential role as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in CRC. This review may be used to design future studies and advanced investigations on lncRNAs as biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy in CRC.

A glimpse of research cores and frontiers on the relationship between long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and colorectal cancer (CRC) using the VOSviewer tool

As lncRNAs are essential participants in colorectal carcinogenesis. This study aimed to use the VOSviewer tool to access the research cores and frontiers on the relationship between lncRNAs and CRC. Our findings showed that the mechanism of lncRNA in the occurrence and development of CRC was the core theme of the field. (1) Immunotherapy and immune microenvironment of CRC and lncRNAs, (2) CRC and lncRNAs in exosomes and (3) CRC and lncRNA-targeted therapy might represent three research frontiers. A comprehensive understanding of their existing mechanisms and the search for new regulatory paradigms are the core topics of future research. This knowledge will also help us select appropriate targeting methods and select appropriate preclinical models to promote clinical translation and ultimately achieve precise treatment of CRC.

Contribution of CRNDE lncRNA in the development of cancer and the underlying mechanisms

Colorectal Neoplasia Differentially Expressed (CRNDE) is an lncRNA with crucial roles in cancer development. It is located on chromosome 16 on the opposite strand to the adjacent IRX5 gene, implying the presence of a shared bidirectional promoter for these two genes. Expression of CRNDE has been assessed in a diverse array of hematological malignancies and solid tumors, representing its potential as a therapeutic target in these conditions. This lncRNA has a regulatory effect on activity of several pathways and axes that are involved in the regulation of cell apoptosis, immune responses and tumorigenesis. The current review is an updated review about the role of CRNDE in the development of cancers.

A Prognostic Cuproptosis-Related LncRNA Signature for Colon Adenocarcinoma

Background

Cuproptosis, a recently discovered form of cell death, is caused by copper levels exceeding homeostasis thresholds. Although Cu has a potential role in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), its role in the development of COAD remains unclear.

Methods

In this study, 426 patients with COAD were extracted from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The Pearson correlation algorithm was used to identify cuproptosis-related lncRNAs. Using the univariate Cox regression analysis, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was used to select cuproptosis-related lncRNAs associated with COAD overall survival (OS). A risk model was established based on the multivariate Cox regression analysis. A nomogram model was used to evaluate the prognostic signature based on the risk model. Finally, mutational burden and sensitivity analyses of chemotherapy drugs were performed for COAD patients in the low- and high-risk groups.

Result

Ten cuproptosis-related lncRNAs were identified and a novel risk model was constructed. A signature based on ten cuproptosis-related lncRNAs was an independent prognostic predictor for COAD. Mutational burden analysis suggested that patients with high-risk scores had higher mutation frequency and shorter survival.

Conclusion

Constructing a risk model based on the ten cuproptosis-related lncRNAs could accurately predict the prognosis of COAD patients, providing a fresh perspective for future research on COAD.

Long non-coding RNA signature in colorectal cancer: research progression and clinical application

Colorectal cancer is one of the top-ranked human malignancies. The development and progression of colorectal cancer are associated with aberrant expression of multiple coding and non-coding genes. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have an important role in regulating gene stability as well as gene expression. Numerous current studies have shown that lncRNAs are promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer. In this review, we have searched the available literature to list lncRNAs involved in the pathogenesis and regulation of colorectal cancer. We focus on the role of lncRNAs in cancer promotion or suppression, their value in tumor diagnosis, and their role in treatment response and prognosis prediction. In addition, we will discuss the signaling pathways that these lncRNAs are mainly associated with in colorectal cancer. We also summarize the role of lncRNAs in colorectal precancerous lesions and colorectal cancer consensus molecular subgroups. We hope this review article will bring you the latest research progress and outlook on lncRNAs in colorectal cancer.

Expression level and function analysis of serum miRNAs in workers with occupational exposure to benzene series

Benzene series are ubiquitous in industrial production and daily life, and can have an impact on health even at low concentrations. miRNAs have been proved to be a biomarker of a variety of diseases and carcinogens. The purpose of this study was to explore the distribution characteristics and biological function of miRNAs in subjects exposed to benzene series. In this study, serum miRNAs were measured in 247 occupationally exposed subjects and 256 controls. The relationship between cumulative exposure dose of benzene series and miRNAs was analyzed by Generalized linear model, Spearman's rank correlation, and chi-square test for trend. The function of MiRNAs target gene was analyzed by means of bioinformatics method. The results showed that the expressions of miR-181a-5p, 221-3p, 223-3p, and 342-3p were down-regulated, whilst the expression of miR-638 was up-regulated in the occupational exposure group. miR-181a-5p, 221-3p, 223-3p, 342-3p, and 638 showed dose-response relationship with benzene series, and were closely related to multiple tumor pathways. miR-181a-5p, 221-3p, 223-3p, 342-3p, and 638 may be involved in the carcinogenic process of benzene series, and can be used to evaluate the early biological effects and monitor the exposure level of benzene series. miRNAs are potential biomarkers of benzene series exposure.

Multi-view contrastive heterogeneous graph attention network for lncRNA-disease association prediction

MOTIVATION

Exploring the potential long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)-disease associations (LDAs) plays a critical role for understanding disease etiology and pathogenesis. Given the high cost of biological experiments, developing a computational method is a practical necessity to effectively accelerate experimental screening process of candidate LDAs. However, under the high sparsity of LDA dataset, many computational models hardly exploit enough knowledge to learn comprehensive patterns of node representations. Moreover, although the metapath-based GNN has been recently introduced into LDA prediction, it discards intermediate nodes along the meta-path and results in information loss.

RESULTS

This paper presents a new multi-view contrastive heterogeneous graph attention network (GAT) for lncRNA-disease association prediction, MCHNLDA for brevity. Specifically, MCHNLDA firstly leverages rich biological data sources of lncRNA, gene and disease to construct two-view graphs, feature structural graph of feature schema view and lncRNA-gene-disease heterogeneous graph of network topology view. Then, we design a cross-contrastive learning task to collaboratively guide graph embeddings of the two views without relying on any labels. In this way, we can pull closer the nodes of similar features and network topology, and push other nodes away. Furthermore, we propose a heterogeneous contextual GAT, where long short-term memory network is incorporated into attention mechanism to effectively capture sequential structure information along the meta-path. Extensive experimental comparisons against several state-of-the-art methods show the effectiveness of proposed framework.The code and data of proposed framework is freely available at https://github.com/zhaoxs686/MCHNLDA.

LINC02381 suppresses cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis via attenuating IGF1R/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in breast cancer

Identification of the genes and genetic networks involved in breast cancer development is a major need for prevention and therapy. LINC02381 (lncRNA) has already been introduced as a tumor suppressor in colorectal and gastric cancers. Here, we intended to investigate its potential functional effects on breast cancer. In the analysis performed on RNA-Seq and microarray data, the LINC02381 lncRNA was found to be significantly downregulated in the breast tumors and associated with poor survival of the patients. Then, the differential expression of LINC02381 was confirmed in breast tumor tissues and cancer cell lines using RT-qPCR. Overexpression of LINC02381 resulted in reduced IGF1R and p-AKT expression levels which indicates decreased PI3K pathway activity, detected by RT-qPCR and western blotting. At the cellular level, LINC02381 overexpression was followed by a decreased proliferation rate of transfected breast cell lines, detected by PI flow cytometry, RT-qPCR, colony formation, and MTT assays. Consistently, the results of Annexin-V/PI flow cytometry, RT-qPCR, caspase3/7 activity, and AO/EB-H33342/PI dual staining revealed that LINC02381 overexpression induced apoptosis and cell death. The reduced migration rate of these cells was also verified through wound healing assay and RT-qPCR against the EMT-involved genes. Our data show that LINC02381 exerts its tumor suppressor effect at least partly through attenuation of the IGF1R/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which originated from IGF1R downregulation.

Downregulation of LncRNA SNHG7 Sensitizes Colorectal Cancer Cells to Resist Anlotinib by Regulating miR-181a-5p/GATA6

Long noncoding RNAs are a novel class of regulators in human cancers. It has been reported that small nucleolar RNA hostgene 7 (SNHG7) can sponge microRNAs to regulate colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Given its important regulatory role in cancer biology, we wondered whether SNHG7 is involved in drug resistance to anlotinib (ATB) in CRC. To answer this, we quantified the expression of SNHG7 by quantitative real-time PCR. We performed the Cell Counting Kit-8 and Colony formation assay, flow cytometric analysis, RNA pull-down, RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation assay, and Luciferase reporter assay to confirm the interaction among SNHG7, miR-181a-5p, and GATA6. We found that SNHG7 was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues and cell lines and ATB-resistant cell lines, which was closely related to the poor overall survival of patients. Loss-of-function studies demonstrated that SNHG7 knockdown can inhibit CRC cell proliferation, increase apoptosis, and sensitize CRC cells to resist ATB. Mechanistic studies showed that SNHG7 acted as a competitive endogenous RNA to sponge miR-181a-5p to regulate the expression of GATA6, thereby promoting ATB resistance in ATB-resistant cell lines. In conclusion, SNHG7 plays an important role in ATB resistance, and it may be used to monitor ATB resistance in CRC.

Circ-ERBB2 knockdown sensitized colorectal cancer cells to 5-FU via miR-181a-5p/PTEN/Akt pathway

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most deadly cancer worldwide, drug resistance impedes treatment of CRC. It is still urgent to find new molecular targets to improve the sensitivity of chemotherapeutic drugs. In this study, circ-ERBB2 was upregulated in CRC cells. Upregulation of circ-ERBB2 promoted CRC cells proliferation and clone formation, but inhibited apoptosis. We identified miR-181a-5p as circ-ERBB2's target. The effect of miR-181a-5p on CRC cells was contrary to circ-ERBB2, miR-181a-5p downregulation abolished the function of circ-ERBB2 silencing in CRC cells. In addition, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was verified as miR-181a-5p's downstream target, circ-ERBB2 activates the Akt pathway and inhibits cell apoptosis through modulating miR-181a-5p/PTEN. Circ-ERBB2 silencing significantly reduced CRC cell resistance to 5-FU. miR-181a-5p downregulation abolished the role of circ-ERBB2 knockdown in CRC cell resistance to 5-FU. In conclusion, upregulation of circ-ERBB2 promoted the malignancy of CRC and reduced CRC cell resistance to 5-FU. Besides, additional mechanism study provided a novel regulatory pathways that circ-ERBB2 knockdown promoted CRC cell sensitivity to 5-FU by regulating miR-181a-5p/PTEN/Akt pathway. This research indicated that circ-ERBB2 may be a valuable biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC.