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Gebauer J, Hodkovicova N, Tosnerova K, Skoupa K, Batik A, Bartejsova I, Charvatova M, Leva L, Jarosova R, Sladek Z, Faldyna M, Stastny K. Anabolic steroids induced changes at the level of protein expression: Effects of prolonged administration of testosterone and nandrolone to pigs. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 107:104422. [PMID: 38521435 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic derivatives of steroid hormones, specifically anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), have gained prominence due to their observed benefits in enhancing meat quality. The study replicated the administration of banned AAS and investigated their impacts on pigs to contribute to the understanding of animal biochemistry and to explore the feasibility of detecting AAS administration by employing a non-targeted analysis. The effects were corroborated by evaluating changes in the expression of selected proteins, as well as examining haematological and biochemical profiles and histological alterations. Exposure to AAS influenced the expression of proteins related to drug-metabolizing enzymes, muscle and lipid metabolism, kidney function, reproductive processes, immune system functions, and carcinogenic changes. The effects of AAS appear intricate and contingent on factors such as the specific drug used, dosage, and duration of administration. The results underscore that protein expression analysis holds promise as a valuable tool for detecting illicit AAS use in the fattening process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Gebauer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Hodkovicova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Kristina Tosnerova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Skoupa
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgrSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrej Batik
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgrSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Bartejsova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Charvatova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Leva
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rea Jarosova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbysek Sladek
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgrSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Faldyna
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Stastny
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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Conlon DM, Welty FK, Reyes-Soffer G, Amengual J. Sex-Specific Differences in Lipoprotein Production and Clearance. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:1617-1625. [PMID: 37409532 PMCID: PMC10527393 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic approaches to reduce atherogenic lipid and lipoprotein levels remain the most effective and assessable strategies to prevent and treat cardiovascular disease. The discovery of novel research targets linked to pathways associated with cardiovascular disease development has enhanced our ability to decrease disease burden; however, residual cardiovascular disease risks remain. Advancements in genetics and personalized medicine are essential to understand some of the factors driving residual risk. Biological sex is among the most relevant factors affecting plasma lipid and lipoprotein profiles, playing a pivotal role in the development of cardiovascular disease. This minireview summarizes the most recent preclinical and clinical studies covering the effect of sex on plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels. We highlight the recent advances in the mechanisms regulating hepatic lipoprotein production and clearance as potential drivers of disease presentation. We focus on using sex as a biological variable in studying circulating lipid and lipoprotein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gissette Reyes-Soffer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
| | - Jaume Amengual
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and Division of Nutritional Sciences. University of Illinois Urbana Champaign
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Ye L, Zhu M, Ju J, Yang H. Effects of Dietary Cholesterol Regulation on Spermatogenesis of Gobiocypris rarus Rare Minnow. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087492. [PMID: 37108655 PMCID: PMC10141657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is an important component of cell membranes, and also a precursor for the synthesis of sex hormones, playing an important role in reproduction. However, few studies have focused on cholesterol and reproductive health. To investigate the toxic effects of different cholesterol levels on the spermatogenesis of rare minnows, we regulate the cholesterol content in fish by feeding them a high-cholesterol diet and cholesterol inhibitor pravastatin, and cholesterol levels, sex hormone (T and 11KT) levels, testis histology, sperm morphology and function, and the expression of genes related to sex hormone synthesis were investigated. The research findings indicate that increasing cholesterol levels significantly increases the liver weight and hepatic-somatic index, as well as the total cholesterol and free cholesterol levels in the testis, liver, and plasma of rare minnow, while inhibiting cholesterol has the opposite effect (p < 0.05). However, both increasing and decreasing cholesterol levels can suppress rare minnow testicular development, as evidenced by a decrease in testis weight, lowered gonadosomatic index, suppressed sex hormone levels, and reduced mature sperm count. Further exploration revealed that the expression of sex hormone synthesis-related genes, including star, cyp19a1a, and hsd11b2, was significantly affected (p < 0.05), which may be an important reason for the decrease in sex hormone synthesis and consequent inhibition of testicular development. At the same time, the fertilization ability of mature sperm in both treatment groups significantly decreased. Scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence polarization tests showed that reducing cholesterol levels significantly increased the rate of sperm head cell membrane damage, while both increasing and decreasing cholesterol levels led to a reduction in sperm cell membrane fluidity, which may be the main reason for the decrease in sperm fertilization ability. This study demonstrates that both increasing and decreasing the levels of cholesterol are detrimental to the fish spermatogenesis, providing fundamental information for the study of fish reproduction and also a reference for the causes of male reproductive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lv Ye
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mingzhen Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jian Ju
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Shah AM, Wang Z, Ma J, Hu R, Li X, Li G, Yao X, Guo Y, Peng Q, Xue B, Wang L. Effects of uni and bilateral castration on growth performance and lipid metabolism in yellow cattle. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:77-84. [PMID: 34138682 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1936540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the influence of uni and bilateral castration on growth performance and lipid metabolism in yellow cattle. Eighteen 9-month-old healthy yellow cattle (average body weight 184.03 ± 4.09 kg) were selected and divided into three groups: The uncastrated cattle (C), half castrated cattle (HC) and full castrated cattle (FC). The results showed that the growth rate of FC group was significantly reduced as compared to HC and C group, while the feed to gain ratio exhibited an opposite trend. The concentrations of triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were increased significantly in FC group from day 60 to the end of the trial compared to HC and control groups. Serum testosterone concentration of FC group cattle was decreased from day 60 to 120 d of the trial compared to HC and control groups. The concentration of the lauric acid in FC cattle was significantly increased from the HC and control groups. In the FC group, the acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA), ACC and fatty acid synthase (FAS) gene expression levels were significantly higher compared to control and HC groups. Our results of this study suggest that bilateral castration increased the lipid metabolism and fatty acid composition compared to unilateral castrated and un-castrated cattle.HighlightsBilateral castration alters the growth performance in yellow cattle.Bilateral castration alters hormones levels and lipid metabolites levels in serum.Bilateral castration improves the lipid metabolism and fatty acid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mujtaba Shah
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China.,Department of Livestock Production, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Sakrand, Sakrand, Pakistan
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jian Ma
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Rui Hu
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Guangyang Li
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xiaohe Yao
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yixin Guo
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Quanhui Peng
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Bai Xue
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Lizhi Wang
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
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Wang Y, Peng X, Zhou Z, Tang C, Liu W. Effects of Bushen Yiyuan recipe on testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells of rats with exercise-induced low serum testosterone levels. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1670-1678. [PMID: 36063102 PMCID: PMC9448381 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2110126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bushen Yiyuan recipe (BYR) is an effective Chinese prescription with antifatigue and antioxidation effects. OBJECTIVE The effects of BYR on testosterone synthesis in rat Leydig cells with exercise-induced low serum testosterone levels (EILST) are assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were chronically trained for 6 weeks to establish an EILST model. EILST rats were divided into model (physiological saline), EFE (700 mg/kg ethanol extract of Epimedii folium, the dried leaves of Epimedium brevicornu Maxim [Berberidaceae]), and BYR groups (350 and 700 mg/kg) for 6 weeks. Expression of HMG-CoA, LDL-R, SR-BI, STAR and CYP11A1 were quantified by RT qPCR and Western blots. RESULTS Compared with the model group (115.52 ± 13.05 μg/dL; 67.83 ± 14.29; 0.32 ± 0.04; 0.33 ± 0.02; 0.38 ± 0.01), serum testosterone, testosterone/cortisol ratio, HMG-CoA, STAR and CYP11A1 relative protein expression significantly increased in low-dose BYR (210.60 ± 5.08 μg/dL; 119.38 ± 13.02; 0.47 ± 0.01; 0.46 ± 0.03; 0.46 ± 0.02), high-dose BYR (220.57 ± 14.71 μg/dL; 124.26 ± 14.79; 0.49 ± 0.02; 0.42 ± 0.03; 0.51 ± 0.02), and EFE groups (206.83 ± 5.54 μg/dL; 119.53 ± 25.04; 0.45 ± 0.02; 0.42 ± 0.02; 0.41 ± 0.02) (all p < 0.01, except for CYP11A1 in EFE group). HMG-CoA, STAR and CYP11A1 mRNA relative expression significantly increased in low-dose and high-dose BYR group compared to model group (all p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS BYR affects endogenous cholesterol synthesis and testosterone synthesis to prevent and treat EILST levels in rats. It can improve the body's sports ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Wang
- Institute of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Sports Vocational College, Changsha, China
| | - Xiyang Peng
- Institute of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhihong Zhou
- Hunan Sports Vocational College, Changsha, China
| | - Changfa Tang
- Institute of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenfeng Liu
- Institute of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Li X, Hu W, Li L, Chen Z, Jiang T, Zhang D, Liu K, Wang H. MiR-133a-3p/Sirt1 epigenetic programming mediates hypercholesterolemia susceptibility in female offspring induced by prenatal dexamethasone exposure. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115306. [PMID: 36326533 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that adverse intrauterine conditions increase offspring's hypercholesterolemia susceptibility in adulthood. This study aimed to confirm prenatal dexamethasone exposure (PDE)-induced hypercholesterolemia susceptibility in female adult offspring rats, and elucidate its intrauterine programming mechanism. Pregnant Wistar rats were injected with dexamethasone subcutaneously (0, 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg·d) from gestational day (GD) 9 to 20. Serum and liver of the female offspring were collected at GD21 and postnatal week (PW) 12 and 28. PDE offspring showed elevated serum total cholesterol (TCH) levels and a cholesterol phenotype of high cardiovascular disease risk at PW12 and PW28. The histone acetylation levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (Hmgcr) and its expression were consistently increased in the PDE offspring both in utero and after birth. Moreover, PDE promoted glucocorticoid receptor (GR) nuclear translocation and miR-133a-3p expression and inhibited sirtuin-1 (Sirt1) expression in the fetal liver. In vitro, dexamethasone increased intracellular and supernatant TCH levels and miR-133a-3p expression, decreased SIRT1 expression, and promoted HMGCR histone acetylation and expression in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) hepatoid differentiated cells and HepG2 cell line. GR siRNA, miR-133a-3p inhibitor or SIRT1 overexpression reversed dexamethasone-induced downstream molecular and phenotypic changes. Furthermore, elevated TCH levels in umbilical cord blood and increased HMGCR expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were observed in human female neonates who had received dexamethasone treatment during pregnancy. In conclusion, PDE can cause persistent enhancement of hepatic cholesterol synthesis function before and after birth through GR/miR-133a-3p/Sirt1 pathway, eventually leading to increased hypercholesterolemia susceptibility in female offspring rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wen Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ze Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Dingmei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Matta RA, Farrage HM, Saedii AA, Abdelrahman MM. Male subclinical hypogonadism and late-onset hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism: mechanisms, endothelial function, and interplay between reproductive hormones, undercarboxylated osteocalcin, and endothelial dysfunction. Aging Male 2022; 25:72-87. [PMID: 35291927 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2022.2049744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenesis and endothelial function in subclinical hypogonadism (SCH) remain unclear. Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) participates in atherosclerosis and reproduction. We explored the underlying mechanisms and interplay of endothelial dysfunction, unOC and reproductive hormones in SCH and primary late-onset hypogonadism (LOH). METHODS In the SCH, LOH, and healthy eugonadal male groups, we measured serum unOC, calculated luteinizing hormone/testosterone (LH/T), LH.T product, and estradiol/T (E/T) as indicators of impaired Leydig cells, androgen sensitivity index (ASI), and aromatase activity, respectively (LH set-point regulators), and assessed flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery (FMD%), carotid-intima media thickness (CIMT), and aortic stiffness (AS). RESULTS ↑LH/T, ↑ASI, ↓aromatase activity, normal T, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels, ↑unOC, and enhanced atherosclerotic markers (↓FMD%, ↑CIMT, ↑AS) are characteristics of SCH. Testosterone was positively correlated with FMD% in SCH. The independent predictors were: SHBG and LH for FMD% and CIMT, respectively, and LH/T, ucOC, FSH, estradiol, and E/T ratio for AS in the LOH group; and LH for FMD% & AS and LH and LH/T for CIMT in all study subjects. CONCLUSIONS SCH is a distinct clinical entity characterized by impaired androgen sensitivity and aromatase activity, compensatory elevated unOC, endothelial dysfunction, and anti-atherogenic role of testosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragaa Abedelshaheed Matta
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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Minkowitz S, Ayeni O, Haffejee M, Joffe M. The effect of medical castration on lipid levels in black South African men with prostate cancer. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s12301-022-00328-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In South Africa, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is commonly given as primary therapy for prostate cancer (PCa) due to many patients presenting with advanced disease. The metabolic adverse effects of ADT on lipid profile and weight gain have been reported mainly in Caucasian populations, but few studies have been performed in African populations. Men of African descent generally have favorable lipid profiles compared to other populations, and our study looked to analyze the effect of medical castration on lipid levels in black South African men with PCa.
Methods
The aim of this study is to describe the changes in blood total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL at 6 months and at 1 year in men with prostate cancer newly initiated on ADT. Changes to BMI, waist circumference and HbA1c were also measured after 1 year of ADT.
Our study was conducted at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital which is a teaching hospital affiliated with the University of the Witwatersrand. It is located in Soweto, South of Johannesburg, and serves the 1.3 million local residents who are predominantly black and of the lower-income bracket. This study enrolled 38 black South African men who were starting to receive ADT for PCa. Subjects were evaluated at baseline and at 6 and 12 months. Lipid profiles and HbA1C levels were measured using blood samples, and body composition was measured using BMI and waist circumference.
Results
In this prospective single-center study, we found that ADT resulted in a significant rise in triglyceride levels and weight gain in black South African men reaching mean levels of obesity using ethnic-specific definitions. High-density lipoproteins levels decreased significantly particularly in the first 6 months of treatment and thereafter began to rise. ADT also resulted in an increased HbA1C level which is a marker for insulin resistance.
Conclusions
Androgen deprivation therapy unfavorably changed the body habitus and lipid profile of men with PCa. It was demonstrated that even black South Africans who generally have favorable lipid profiles compared to their counterparts are at risk of developing metabolic syndrome while being treated with ADT.
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Su Z, Bai X, Wang H, Wang S, Chen C, Xiao F, Guo H, Gao H, Leng L, Li H. Identification of biomarkers associated with the feed efficiency by metabolomics profiling: results from the broiler lines divergent for high or low abdominal fat content. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:122. [PMID: 36352447 PMCID: PMC9647982 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00775-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Improving feed efficiency (FE) is one of the main objectives in broiler breeding. It is difficult to directly measure FE traits, and breeders hence have been trying to identify biomarkers for the indirect selection and improvement of FE traits. Metabolome is the "bridge" between genome and phenome. The metabolites may potentially account for more of the phenotypic variation and can suitably serve as biomarkers for selecting FE traits. This study aimed to identify plasma metabolite markers for selecting high-FE broilers. A total of 441 birds from Northeast Agricultural University broiler lines divergently selected for abdominal fat content were used to analyze plasma metabolome and estimate the genetic parameters of differentially expressed metabolites. Results The results identified 124 differentially expressed plasma metabolites (P < 0.05) between the lean line (high-FE birds) and the fat line (low-FE birds). Among these differentially expressed plasma metabolites, 44 were found to have higher positive or negative genetic correlations with FE traits (|rg| ≥ 0.30). Of these 44 metabolites, 14 were found to display moderate to high heritability estimates (h2 ≥ 0.20). However, among the 14 metabolites, 4 metabolites whose physiological functions have not been reported were excluded. Ultimately, 10 metabolites were suggested to serve as the potential biomarkers for breeding the high-FE broilers. Based on the physiological functions of these metabolites, reducing inflammatory and improving immunity were proposed to improve FE and increase production efficiency. Conclusions According to the pipeline for the selection of the metabolite markers established in this study, it was suggested that 10 metabolites including 7-ketocholesterol, dimethyl sulfone, epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)-lysine, gamma-glutamyltyrosine, 2-oxoadipic acid, L-homoarginine, testosterone, adenosine 5'-monophosphate, adrenic acid, and calcitriol could be used as the potential biomarkers for breeding the "food-saving broilers".
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10
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Bhatnagar R, Dixit NM, Yang EH, Sallam T. Cancer therapy's impact on lipid metabolism: Mechanisms and future avenues. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:925816. [PMID: 36017084 PMCID: PMC9396263 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.925816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a growing threat among cancer patients. Not surprisingly, cancer-targeting therapies have been linked to metabolic dysregulation including changes in local and systemic lipid metabolism. Thus, tumor development and cancer therapeutics are intimately linked to cholesterol metabolism and may be a driver of increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in this population. Chemotherapeutic agents affect lipid metabolism through diverse mechanisms. In this review, we highlight the mechanistic and clinical evidence linking commonly used cytotoxic therapies with cholesterol metabolism and potential opportunities to limit atherosclerotic risk in this patient population. Better understanding of the link between atherosclerosis, cancer therapy, and cholesterol metabolism may inform optimal lipid therapy for cancer patients and mitigate cardiovascular disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshni Bhatnagar
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Neal M. Dixit
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eric H. Yang
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- UCLA Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tamer Sallam
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Iram F, Batool S, Shameem S, Aslam I, Batool S, Shaheen M, Aziz R. Effect of aqueous garlic (Allium sativum) extract against di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induced reproductive toxicity in male mice. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14480. [PMID: 35670728 DOI: 10.1111/and.14480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate testicular and male reproductive tract histopathologies and lipid profile against di-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) exposure in mice and curative potentials of aqueous garlic (Allium sativum) extract. Four groups (n = 10) were named and treated as follow (a) control (C): (normal feed and drinking water + 0.2 ml corn oil); (b) aqueous garlic extract group (AGE): (500 mg/kg body weight of aqueous garlic extract); (c) DEHP group: (500 mg/kg body weight of DEHP, dissolved in corn oil; (d) AGE + DEHP group (500 mg/kg body weight garlic aqueous extract, and DEHP 500 mg/kg body weight dissolved in corn oil). The doses were given once daily through gavages for 28 days and on the 29th day, all the animals were euthanized through cervical dislocation and reproductive organs and blood samples were collected. The results showed that exposure to DEHP caused a significant effect on body weight, testicular weight, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, lipid profile, average cross-sectional area (ACSA) of the seminiferous tubule, ACSA of the lumen of seminiferous tubule, spermatogenic cells, Leydig's cells number, vas deferens diameter, lumen, muscular thickness, and epithelial cell height of vas deferens. This study revealed that exposure to DEHP can be injurious to male reproductive health and aqueous garlic extract can decrease the toxic effects of DEHP in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Iram
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Sajida Batool
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Sitara Shameem
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Aslam
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Saira Batool
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Marrium Shaheen
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Riqza Aziz
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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Immunometabolic Markers in a Small Patient Cohort Undergoing Immunotherapy. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050716. [PMID: 35625643 PMCID: PMC9139165 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the discovery of immune checkpoints was hailed as a major breakthrough in cancer therapy, generating a sufficient response to immunotherapy is still limited. Thus, the objective of this exploratory, hypothesis-generating study was to identify potentially novel peripheral biomarkers and discuss the possible predictive relevance of combining scarcely investigated metabolic and hormonal markers with immune subsets. Sixteen markers that differed significantly between responders and non-responders were identified. In a further step, the correlation with progression-free survival (PFS) and false discovery correction (Benjamini and Hochberg) revealed potential predictive roles for the immune subset absolute lymphocyte count (rs = 0.51; p = 0.0224 *), absolute basophil count (rs = 0.43; p = 0.04 *), PD-1+ monocytes (rs = −0.49; p = 0.04 *), hemoglobin (rs = 0.44; p = 0.04 *), metabolic markers LDL (rs = 0.53; p = 0.0224 *), free androgen index (rs = 0.57; p = 0.0224 *) and CRP (rs = −0.46; p = 0.0352 *). The absolute lymphocyte count, LDL and free androgen index were the most significant individual markers, and combining the immune subsets with the metabolic markers into a biomarker ratio enhanced correlation with PFS (rs = −0.74; p ≤ 0.0001 ****). In summary, in addition to well-established markers, we identified PD-1+ monocytes and the free androgen index as potentially novel peripheral markers in the context of immunotherapy. Furthermore, the combination of immune subsets with metabolic and hormonal markers may have the potential to enhance the power of future predictive scores and should, therefore, be investigated further in larger trials.
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Ahn JS, Kwon EG, Lee HJ, Lee EM, Hwang SM, Cho SR, Kim KW, Kim UH, Won JI, Jin S, Kang SS, Park BK, Jang GS, Jang SS. Effect of Hemi-Castration on the Productivity, Histological Characteristics, and Economic Efficacy of Korean Beef Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092490. [PMID: 34573457 PMCID: PMC8470760 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the growth performance, serum testosterone, carcass traits, histological characteristics, and economic efficacy of castrated and hemi-castrated Korean beef cattle. Thirty-two Hanwoo calves (Initial body weight: 148.4 ± 19.8 kg) were randomly assigned into the castrated Hanwoo (CH) and hemi-castrated Hanwoo (HH) group. The experiment lasted 18 months; the animals were all slaughtered on the same day. Final body weight and average daily gain (ADG) tended to increase in the HH group compared to the CH group. Testosterone concentration was higher in HH group (5.27-14.27 ng/dL) than in the CH group (0.47-0.70 ng/dL) during the whole experimental period after castration (p < 0.05). Rib eye area was 17.08 cm2 wider in HH group than in CH group, but marbling score was improved by 3.33 in CH group compared to HH group (p < 0.01). Deposition area of adipocytes in Longissimus dorsi were higher in CH group than in HH group (p < 0.001). Net income per head was 1760 US dollar higher in the CH group than in the HH group (p < 0.04). Thus, our findings suggest that hemi-castration had positive effects on the increase in ADG and meat yield traits, with negative effects on marbling and profitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Sang Ahn
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Pyeongchang 25340, Korea; (J.-S.A.); (H.-J.L.); (E.-M.L.); (S.-M.H.); (S.-R.C.); (K.-W.K.); (U.-H.K.); (J.-I.W.); (S.J.); (S.-S.K.); (G.-S.J.)
| | - Eung-Gi Kwon
- Department of Animal Science, Kangwon National University, Chunchoen 24341, Korea; (E.-G.K.); (B.-K.P.)
| | - Hyun-Jeong Lee
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Pyeongchang 25340, Korea; (J.-S.A.); (H.-J.L.); (E.-M.L.); (S.-M.H.); (S.-R.C.); (K.-W.K.); (U.-H.K.); (J.-I.W.); (S.J.); (S.-S.K.); (G.-S.J.)
| | - Eun-Mi Lee
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Pyeongchang 25340, Korea; (J.-S.A.); (H.-J.L.); (E.-M.L.); (S.-M.H.); (S.-R.C.); (K.-W.K.); (U.-H.K.); (J.-I.W.); (S.J.); (S.-S.K.); (G.-S.J.)
| | - So-Mi Hwang
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Pyeongchang 25340, Korea; (J.-S.A.); (H.-J.L.); (E.-M.L.); (S.-M.H.); (S.-R.C.); (K.-W.K.); (U.-H.K.); (J.-I.W.); (S.J.); (S.-S.K.); (G.-S.J.)
| | - Sang-Rae Cho
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Pyeongchang 25340, Korea; (J.-S.A.); (H.-J.L.); (E.-M.L.); (S.-M.H.); (S.-R.C.); (K.-W.K.); (U.-H.K.); (J.-I.W.); (S.J.); (S.-S.K.); (G.-S.J.)
| | - Kyung-Woon Kim
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Pyeongchang 25340, Korea; (J.-S.A.); (H.-J.L.); (E.-M.L.); (S.-M.H.); (S.-R.C.); (K.-W.K.); (U.-H.K.); (J.-I.W.); (S.J.); (S.-S.K.); (G.-S.J.)
| | - Ui-Hyung Kim
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Pyeongchang 25340, Korea; (J.-S.A.); (H.-J.L.); (E.-M.L.); (S.-M.H.); (S.-R.C.); (K.-W.K.); (U.-H.K.); (J.-I.W.); (S.J.); (S.-S.K.); (G.-S.J.)
| | - Jeong-Il Won
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Pyeongchang 25340, Korea; (J.-S.A.); (H.-J.L.); (E.-M.L.); (S.-M.H.); (S.-R.C.); (K.-W.K.); (U.-H.K.); (J.-I.W.); (S.J.); (S.-S.K.); (G.-S.J.)
| | - Shil Jin
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Pyeongchang 25340, Korea; (J.-S.A.); (H.-J.L.); (E.-M.L.); (S.-M.H.); (S.-R.C.); (K.-W.K.); (U.-H.K.); (J.-I.W.); (S.J.); (S.-S.K.); (G.-S.J.)
| | - Sung-Sik Kang
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Pyeongchang 25340, Korea; (J.-S.A.); (H.-J.L.); (E.-M.L.); (S.-M.H.); (S.-R.C.); (K.-W.K.); (U.-H.K.); (J.-I.W.); (S.J.); (S.-S.K.); (G.-S.J.)
| | - Byung-Ki Park
- Department of Animal Science, Kangwon National University, Chunchoen 24341, Korea; (E.-G.K.); (B.-K.P.)
| | - Gi-Suk Jang
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Pyeongchang 25340, Korea; (J.-S.A.); (H.-J.L.); (E.-M.L.); (S.-M.H.); (S.-R.C.); (K.-W.K.); (U.-H.K.); (J.-I.W.); (S.J.); (S.-S.K.); (G.-S.J.)
| | - Sun-Sik Jang
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Pyeongchang 25340, Korea; (J.-S.A.); (H.-J.L.); (E.-M.L.); (S.-M.H.); (S.-R.C.); (K.-W.K.); (U.-H.K.); (J.-I.W.); (S.J.); (S.-S.K.); (G.-S.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-330-0693
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14
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Abou-Khalil NS, Ali MF, Ali MM, Ibrahim A. Surgical castration versus chemical castration in donkeys: response of stress, lipid profile and redox potential biomarkers. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:310. [PMID: 32847551 PMCID: PMC7448993 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02530-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Castration is a husbandry practice raising important questions on the welfare and physiological status of farm animals. Searching for effective castration methods that minimally compromise the body physiology is worthy of attention. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the differential response of biological systems in donkeys to surgical castration versus the chemical one by CaCl2 with special emphasis on stress, lipid profile, and oxidative stress biomarkers. Donkeys were divided randomly and equally into two groups; the chemical (Ch) and surgical (S) groups (n = 6). The Ch group was chemically castrated by intratesticular injection of 20% CaCl2 dissolved in absolute ethanol. Blood samples were collected prior to castration and at 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after the beginning of experiment. Results Surprisingly, the Ch group at the end of the experiment was characterized by significantly higher cortisol level compared to the S group. TC and LDL-C levels in the S group significantly decreased at day 45, while TG levels significantly increased at days 45 and 60 in comparison with day 0. HDL-C levels at days 30 and 60 in the Ch group significantly increased in comparison with day 0. At day 30 post-castration, HDL-C was significantly higher and LDL-C was significantly lower in the Ch group than the S group. A significant elevation in TC and LDL-C was observed at day 45 and in HDL-C at the end of experimental duration in the Ch group when compared with the S group. TPX level was significantly lower and TAC was significantly higher in the Ch group at day 45 than the S group. Conclusion Surgical castration evoked less stress and minor changes in lipid profile and oxidant/antioxidant balance relative to chemical castration by intratesticular 20% CaCl2 dissolved in absolute ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser S Abou-Khalil
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Marwa F Ali
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Magda M Ali
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ibrahim
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
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15
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Wang Y, Zhang W, Wu X, Wu C, Qian L, Wang L, Zhang X, Yang M, Li D, Ding J, Wang C, Yin Z, Ding Y. Transcriptomic comparison of liver tissue between Anqing six-end-white pigs and Yorkshire pigs based on RNA sequencing. Genome 2020; 63:203-214. [DOI: 10.1139/gen-2019-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chinese indigenous pig and Western commercial pig breeds show different patterns of lipid metabolism, fat deposition, and fatty acid composition; for these reasons, they have become vitally important models of energy metabolism and obesity in humans. To compare the mechanisms underlying lipid metabolism between Yorkshire pigs (lean type) and Anqing six-end-white pigs (obese type), the liver transcriptomes of six castrated boars with a body weight of approximately 100 kg (three Yorkshire and three Anqing) were analyzed by RNA-seq. The total number of reads produced for each liver sample ranged from 47.05 to 62.6 million. Among 362 differentially expressed genes, 142 were up-regulated and 220 were down-regulated in Anqing six-end-white pigs. Based on these data, 79 GO terms were significantly enriched. The top 10 (the 10 with lowest corrected P-value) significantly enriched GO terms were identified, including lipid metabolic process and carboxylic acid metabolic process. Pathway analysis revealed three significantly enriched KEGG pathways including PPAR signaling pathway, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and retinol metabolism. Based on protein–protein interaction networks, multiple genes responsible for lipid metabolism were identified, such as PCK1, PPARA, and CYP7A1, and these were considered promising candidate genes that could affect porcine liver lipid metabolism and fat deposition. Our results provide abundant transcriptomic information that will be useful for animal breeding and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlang Wang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Xudong Wu
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Li Qian
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Li Wang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Min Yang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Dengtao Li
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Jian Ding
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Chonglong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Zongjun Yin
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Yueyun Ding
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
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16
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Lee SJ, Yu WK, Park HR, Kim H, Kim JH, Park J, Shin KS. Improved effect of palatinose syrup bioconverted from sucrose on hyperglycemia and regulation of hepatic lipogenesis in male C57BL/6J mice. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13201. [PMID: 32391610 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we prepared palatinose-sucrose (PS) mixtures from sucrose by enzymatic bioconversion to improve the low sweetness of palatinose and to develop sweeteners that can lower blood sugar levels. We hypothesized that PS mixtures containing 30% or 50% palatinose might demonstrate improvement of hyperglycemia. The physiological changes in C57BL/6J mice fed with these concentrations of PS mixture were recorded. After feeding the mice the different diets for 5 weeks, the diet with a higher palatinose content was observed to have resulted in lower serum glucose levels. The expression levels of various genes and proteins related to hepatic lipogenesis and cholesterol homeostasis were measured. The diet containing the 50% PS mixture induced lower expression of HMGCR, CYP7A1, and PPARγ as compared to the diet containing the 30% PS mixture. In conclusion, the ingestion of palatinose resulted in lower lipid levels compared to that of sucrose; therefore, palatinose would be a good alternative to sucrose as a healthy sweetener. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Palatinose (isomaltulose), along with tagatose, allulose, and allose, is a well-known sugar substitute. Many studies have reported that palatinose has various beneficial effects on postprandial glucose metabolism, such as glycemic index, fat accumulation, hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia. Although there are many advantages, including desirable biological functions, palatinose has limitations as a complete alternative for sucrose because of higher production costs, lower solubility, and lower sweetness. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the possibility of developing a sucrose substitute by preparing PS mixtures bioconverted using α-glucosyltransferase from sucrose and to promote the industrial application of palatinose. Our results suggest that 50% palatinose syrup may be a new candidate as a sugar substitute for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Jung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kyu Yu
- Yonsei University Dairy R&D Center, Asan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ryung Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Skin-Biotechnology Center, Kyunghee University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jiyong Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Soon Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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17
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Li J, Ren F, Li Y, Luo J, Pang G. Chlorpyrifos Induces Metabolic Disruption by Altering Levels of Reproductive Hormones. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:10553-10562. [PMID: 31490076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used organophosphorus pesticide and detected frequently in fruits, vegetables, as well as in urine and blood in humans. Studies have suggested that CPF can induce metabolic disruption, such as type-2 diabetes mellitus and changed body weight. The main mechanisms are based on oxidative damage, fatty-acid synthesis, and lipid peroxidation. Studies have also shown that CPF can change reproductive hormone (RH) levels. CPF might result in metabolic disorders through altered RH levels. Here, we review the studies showing that CFP causes metabolic disruption. Then, we present the studies showing that CFP changes RH levels. Finally, we discuss a potential pathway of how CPF elicits metabolic disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwang Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety , Beijing University of Agriculture , Beijing 100096 , China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha 410114 , China
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety , Beijing University of Agriculture , Beijing 100096 , China
| | - Guofang Pang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
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18
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Zhu C, Guo Y, Luo H, Wu Y, Magdalou J, Chen L, Wang H. Synergistic effects of prenatal nicotine exposure and post-weaning high-fat diet on hypercholesterolaemia in rat offspring of different sexes. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 124:730-740. [PMID: 30549443 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolaemia is considered a disease with intrauterine origin. Recently, we reported that prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) induced an abnormal level of total cholesterol in rat offspring before and after birth. However, there were little data about sex differences in serum cholesterol level in PNE offspring. In addition, many previous studies reported that blood cholesterol is associated with daily diet. This study was designed to analyse the interaction among PNE, high-fat diet (HFD) and sex on cholesterol metabolism in the rat. Pregnant Wistar rats were administered 2 mg/kg nicotine subcutaneously from gestational day (GD) 11 until parturition. After weaning, pups were fed with normal diet or HFD till 24 weeks, and then, serum cholesterol phenotypes and hepatic cholesterol metabolism-related genes were tested. Results showed that PNE manifested a distinct programming effect on cholesterol phenotype and cholesterol metabolism-related genes. HFD aggregated PNE-induced hypercholesterolaemia in adult offspring and exacerbated liver cholesterol metabolism dysfunction in PNE offspring. There was no sex difference in serum cholesterol level, but there were interactions among PNE, HFD and sex on cholesterol metabolic genes in adult offspring, which indicates that cholesterol metabolism in female offspring is more likely to be affected by PNE and HFD. In conclusion, HFD exacerbated PNE-induced hypercholesterolaemia, and sex differences existed in liver cholesterol metabolic genes in PNE- or HFD-treated offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanwen Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yimeng Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan China
| | - Jacques Magdalou
- Faculté de Médicine, UMR 7561 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Liaobin Chen
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China
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19
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Chai SC, Foley EM, Arjmandi BH. Anti-atherogenic properties of vitamin E, aspirin, and their combination. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206315. [PMID: 30359442 PMCID: PMC6201936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to assess the extent to which vitamin E and aspirin individually or in combination prevent and/or reverse bone loss and atherosclerotic lesion formation in orchidectomized aged rats. Forty-nine 12-month old male Sprague-Dawley rats were either sham-operated (Sham, one group) or orchidectomized (Orx, four groups) and fed a control diet for 120 days to establish bone loss and atherosclerotic lesions. Thereafter, rats were assigned to the various treatment groups (n = 9 to 10 per group): 1) Sham and 2) Orx groups received AIN93M, containing 75 IU vitamin E and served as control, and the other three Orx groups received either 3) 500 IU vitamin E, 4) 500 mg aspirin, or 5) 500 IU vitamin E + 500 mg aspirin per kg diet for 90 days. After 90 days of treatment, rats were sacrificed, necropsied, and tissues were collected for analyses. Results show that 500 IU vitamin E was able to reduce the development of atherosclerosis lesion formation and aortic streak area compared to Orx control. More importantly, 500 mg aspirin completely reversed the fatty streak area and made the atherosclerotic lesions disappear. Vitamin E and aspirin were not able to reverse bone loss as shown by whole body, lumbar and femoral bone mineral content and bone mineral density due to gonadal hormone deficiency. Instead, 500 mg aspirin somewhat increased the trabecular separation while decreased trabecular thickness compared to Orx control. Our findings suggest that both, vitamin E and aspirin exert anti-atherogenic effects and aspirin is more effective than vitamin E in preventing atherosclerosis lesions in Orx rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheau C. Chai
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United State of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Elizabeth M. Foley
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United State of America
- Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging (CAENRA), College of Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United State of America
| | - Bahram H. Arjmandi
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United State of America
- Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging (CAENRA), College of Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United State of America
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20
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Hwang D, Park HR, Lee SJ, Kim HW, Kim JH, Shin KS. Oral administration of palatinose vs sucrose improves hyperglycemia in normal C57BL/6J mice. Nutr Res 2018; 59:44-52. [PMID: 30442232 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Palatinose is a sucrose analog with a slower digestion rate than that of sucrose. For this reason, palatinose shows better effects on hepatic lipogenesis and cholesterol homeostasis compared with sucrose. We hypothesized that supplementation with palatinose instead of sucrose improves postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in mice. Herein, we compared the digestion rates in vitro and observed physiological changes in vivo between sucrose- and palatinose-containing diets given to mice. Palatinose was hydrolyzed only by enzymes of the small intestine and was digested more slowly compared with sucrose in vitro. In mice, a diet containing palatinose resulted in significantly lower body weight gain and food efficiency rate values than those given a diet with sucrose. In this study, changes in serum biochemistry; hepatic fatty acid synthesis; cholesterol homeostasis; glucogenic, proinflammatory cytokines; and oxidative stress-related genes and proteins in the palatinose- and sucrose-fed mice were measured. Compared with the mice fed the sucrose diet, the palatinose diet resulted in lower serum glucose, insulin, and total cholesterol levels, as well as lower expression of several lipogenesis-related genes and proteins. Histological analysis of hepatic cells of palatinose-fed mice showed normal morphology. In conclusion, palatinose intake results in lower hepatic lipogenesis and better cholesterol homeostasis than the effects from sucrose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahyun Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Chungnam 31499, South Korea; The Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Hoseo University, Chungnam 31499, South Korea.
| | - Hye-Ryung Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Gyeonggi 16227, South Korea.
| | - Sue Jung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Gyeonggi 16227, South Korea.
| | - Han Wool Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Gyeonggi 16227, South Korea.
| | | | - Kwang-Soon Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Gyeonggi 16227, South Korea.
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Long-term effects of castration, chronic intermittent social stress, provision of grass silage and their interactions on performance and meat and adipose tissue properties in growing-finishing pigs. Meat Sci 2018; 145:40-50. [PMID: 29864654 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to assess chronic stress in entire and castrated male pigs and to describe effects of a provision of grass silage in those pigs, a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment comprising the factors castration, chronic intermittent social stress and provision of grass silage was carried out with 147 growing-finishing pigs from 25.6 to 102.1 kg body weight. The experimental design allowed investigating interactions between the three factors, but only few were statistically significant. Stress exposure consisted of repeated short-term confrontations with unfamiliar pigs and short-term separations. Carcasses of stress-exposed pigs had thicker backfat, lower lean meat percentage and a different fatty acids composition of the adipose tissue. While entire males differed strongly from castrates in performance, carcass characteristics and adipose tissue properties, we found no evidence for an increased level of chronic stress in entire males compared to castrates. Provision of grass silage increased stomach weight and reduced dressing percentage, but did not impair performance, adipose tissue properties or meat quality.
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22
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Guo Y, Luo H, Wu Y, Magdalou J, Chen L, Wang H. Influencing factors, underlying mechanism and interactions affecting hypercholesterolemia in adult offspring with caffeine exposure during pregnancy. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 79:47-56. [PMID: 29800656 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological surveys suggest that adult hypercholesterolemia has an intrauterine origin and exhibits gender differences. Our previous study demonstrated that adult rats with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) offspring rats induced by prenatal caffeine exposure (PCE) had a higher serum total cholesterol (TCH) level. In this study, we aimed to analyze the influencing factors, underlying mechanism and interactions affecting hypercholesterolemia in adult offspring with caffeine exposure during pregnancy. Pregnant rats were administered caffeine (120 mg/kg d) from gestational day 11 until delivery. Offspring rats fed a normal diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) were euthanized at postnatal week 24, and blood and liver samples were collected. The results showed that PCE could increase the serum levels of TCH and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and the hepatic expression of HMG CoA reductase (HMGCR) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB), but decreased the high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) level and the hepatic expression of scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1) and LDL receptor (LDLR). Furthermore, PCE, HFD and gender interact with each other to influence the serum cholesterol phenotype and expression of hepatic cholesterol metabolic genes. These results suggest that the hypercholesterolemia in adult offspring rats induced by PCE mainly resulted from enhanced synthesis and the weakened reverse transport of cholesterol in the liver, furthermore HFD could aggravate this effect, which is caused by hepatic cholesterol metabolic disorders. Moreover, cholesterol metabolism in female rats was more sensitive to neuroendocrine changes and HFD than that in males. This study confirmed the influencing factors (such as a HFD and female gender) of hypercholesterolemia in IUGR offspring providing theoretical and experimental bases for the effective prevention of fetal-originated hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hanwen Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yimeng Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jacques Magdalou
- UMR 7561 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Faculté de Médicine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Liaobin Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China.
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23
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Squarza S, Rossi U, Torcia P, Cariati M. Association between cholesterol gallstones and testosterone replacement therapy in a patient with primary hypogonadism. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO (ENGLISH EDITION) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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24
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Squarza S, Rossi UG, Torcia P, Cariati M. Association between cholesterol gallstones and testosterone replacement therapy in a patient with primary hypogonadism. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA DE MEXICO (ENGLISH) 2018; 83:205-207. [PMID: 29656844 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A 16-year-old boy had a past medical history of primary hypogonadism, due to bilateral anorchia. He presented with gallstones located in the gallbladder and a mild dilatation of the intrahepatic biliary tree. The histology study reported cholesterol gallstones. The patient had been treated with testosterone replacement therapy since infancy. We suggest a possible correlation between testosterone replacement therapy and the presence of cholesterol gallstones.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Squarza
- Departamento de Radiología, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Hospital San Carlo Borromeo, Milán, Italia.
| | - U G Rossi
- Departamento de Radiología, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Hospital San Carlo Borromeo, Milán, Italia; Unidad de Radiología Intervencionista Hospital Galliera, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, Génova
| | - P Torcia
- Departamento de Radiología, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Hospital San Carlo Borromeo, Milán, Italia
| | - M Cariati
- Departamento de Radiología, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Hospital San Carlo Borromeo, Milán, Italia
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25
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Wang J, Hua L, Chen J, Zhang J, Bai X, Gao B, Li C, Shi Z, Sheng W, Gao Y, Xing B. Identification and characterization of long non-coding RNAs in subcutaneous adipose tissue from castrated and intact full-sib pair Huainan male pigs. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:542. [PMID: 28724410 PMCID: PMC5518130 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3907-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate adipose tissue metabolism, however, their function on testosterone deficiency related obesity in humans is less understood. For this research, intact and castrated male pigs are the best model animal because of their similar proportional organ sizes, cardiovascular systems and metabolic features. Results We identified lncRNAs in subcutaneous adipose tissue by deep RNA-sequencing using the intact and castrated Huainan male pigs. The results showed that castration reduced serum testosterone but increased body fatness-related traits (serum triglyceride levels, backfat thickness, intramuscular fat content, and adipocyte size). Meanwhile, 343 lncRNAs from subcutaneous adipose tissue were identified, including 223 intergenic lncRNAs (lincRNAs), 68 anti-sense lncRNAs, and 52 intronic lncRNAs. It was predicted that there were 416 recognition sites for C/EBPα in the 303 lncRNA promoter region, and 13 adipogenesis-promoting miRNAs and five adipogenesis-depressing miRNAs target these lncRNAs. Eighteen lncRNAs, including nine up- and nine down-regulated had more than 2-fold differential expression between the castrated and intact male pigs (q-value < 0.05). Functional analysis indicated that these 18 lncRNAs and their target genes were involved in fatty acid, insulin, and the adipocytokine signaling pathway. We further analyzed the features of a conserved mouse lncRNA gene ENSMUST00000189966 and found it mainly expressed in the cell nucleus and target the Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 2 Group F Member 2 (NR2F2) gene. In 3 T3-L1 cells, differentiation down-regulated their expression, but dihydrotestosterone (DHT) significantly up-regulated their expression in a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Conclusions These results suggested that lncRNAs and their target genes might participated in the castration-induced fat deposition and provide a new therapeutic target for combatting testosterone deficiency-related obesity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3907-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.116 Huayuan road, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Liushuai Hua
- Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.116 Huayuan road, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.116 Huayuan road, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqing Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.116 Huayuan road, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianxiao Bai
- Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.116 Huayuan road, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Binwen Gao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.116 Huayuan road, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Congjun Li
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Zhihai Shi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.116 Huayuan road, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Sheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.116 Huayuan road, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Xinxian Bureau of Animal Husbandry, Xinxian, 465550, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Baosong Xing
- Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.116 Huayuan road, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Hypercholesterolemia: The role of PCSK9. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 625-626:39-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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27
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Gholami K, Loh SY, Salleh N, Lam SK, Hoe SZ. Selection of suitable endogenous reference genes for qPCR in kidney and hypothalamus of rats under testosterone influence. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176368. [PMID: 28591185 PMCID: PMC5462341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) is the most reliable and accurate technique for analyses of gene expression. Endogenous reference genes are being used to normalize qPCR data even though their expression may vary under different conditions and in different tissues. Nonetheless, verification of expression of reference genes in selected studied tissue is essential in order to accurately assess the level of expression of target genes of interest. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to examine six commonly used reference genes in order to identify the gene being expressed most constantly under the influence of testosterone in the kidneys and hypothalamus. The reference genes include glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), actin beta (ACTB), beta-2 microglobulin (B2m), hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (HPRT), peptidylprolylisomerase A (Ppia) and hydroxymethylbilane synthase (Hmbs). The cycle threshold (Ct) value for each gene was determined and data obtained were analyzed using the software programs NormFinder, geNorm, BestKeeper, and rank aggregation. Results showed that Hmbs and Ppia genes were the most stably expressed in the hypothalamus. Meanwhile, in kidneys, Hmbs and GAPDH appeared to be the most constant genes. In conclusion, variations in expression levels of reference genes occur in kidneys and hypothalamus under similar conditions; thus, it is important to verify reference gene levels in these tissues prior to commencing any studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Gholami
- Division of Human Biology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | - Su Yi Loh
- Division of Human Biology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Naguib Salleh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sau Kuen Lam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - See Ziau Hoe
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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28
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Testosterone Deficiency Induces Changes of the Transcriptomes of Visceral Adipose Tissue in Miniature Pigs Fed a High-Fat and High-Cholesterol Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122125. [PMID: 27999286 PMCID: PMC5187925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Testosterone deficiency causes fat deposition, particularly in visceral fat, and its replacement might reverse fat accumulation, however, the underlying mechanisms of such processes under diet-induced adiposity are largely unknown. To gain insights into the genome-wide role of androgen on visceral adipose tissue (VAT), RNA-Seq was used to investigate testosterone deficiency induced changes of VAT in miniature pigs fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFC) diet among intact male pigs (IM), castrated male pigs (CM), and castrated male pigs with testosterone replacement (CMT) treatments. The results showed that testosterone deficiency significantly increased VAT deposition and serum leptin concentrations. Moreover, a total of 1732 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between any two groups. Compared with gene expression profiles in IM and CMT pigs, upregulated genes in CM pigs, i.e., LOC100520753 (CD68), LCN2, EMR1, S100A9, NCF1 (p47phox), and LEP, were mainly involved in inflammatory response, oxidation-reduction process, and lipid metabolic process, while downregulated genes in CM pigs, i.e., ABHD5, SPP1, and GAS6, were focused on cell differentiation and cell adhesion. Taken together, our study demonstrates that testosterone deficiency alters the expression of numerous genes involved in key biological processes of VAT accumulation under HFC diet and provides a novel genome-wide view on the role of androgen on VAT deposition under HFC diet, thus improving our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in VAT changes induced by testosterone deficiency.
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29
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Chillarón JJ, Fernández-Miró M, Albareda M, Fontserè S, Colom C, Vila L, Pedro-Botet J, Flores Le-Roux JA. Testosterone undecanoate improves lipid profile in patients with type 1 diabetes and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Endocr J 2016; 63:849-855. [PMID: 27452372 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej16-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Testosterone deficiency (Td) has been associated with the metabolic syndrome. Few studies have evaluated this condition in type 1 diabetes (T1D). The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of testosterone undecanoate (TU) on insulin sensitivity, glycemic control, anthropometric parameters, blood pressure and lipid profile in patients with Td and T1D. We performed a randomized placebo-controlled multicenter study. INCLUSION CRITERIA a) age ≥ 18 years; b) autoimmune diabetes; c) Td (total testosterone <10 nmol/L or calculated free testosterone <225 pmol/L and low/normal LH; d) ability to sign informed consent; e) comply with the study protocol. EXCLUSION CRITERIA a) pituitary tumor, empty sella, hyperprolactinemia, panhypopituitarism or secondary hypogonadism; b) contraindications for treatment with testosterone undecanoate (TU); c) patients who did not agree to sign their informed consent. Six patients were randomly assigned to testosterone undecanoate (TU) treatment and 7 to placebo with the following dosing schedule: baseline, 6 weeks and 16 weeks. Blood test, anthropometric parameters, blood pressure and insulin sensitivity were determined at baseline, 6, 16 and 22 weeks. No differences were observed regarding insulin sensitivity, HbA1c or basal glucose, anthropometric parameters or blood pressure. At 22 weeks, the decrease in total cholesterol was 37.4 ± 27.5 mg/dL in the TU group compared with an increase of 13.2 ± 17.8 mg/dL in the placebo group (P<0.005), and LDL cholesterol concentration decreased 30.2 ± 22.1 mg/dL, compared with an increase of 10.5 ± 13.4 mg/dL in the placebo group (P=0.004). We conclude that treatment with TU in patients with T1D and Td improves lipid profile, with no effects on metabolic control or anthropometric parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Chillarón
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
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