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Lv H, Jia W, Yang L, Dong P, Liu J, Wang S, Li X, Hu J, Zhao L, Shi Y. Influence of unsaturated fatty acids on the antitumor activity of polymeric conjugates grafted with cabazitaxel against prostate cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115902. [PMID: 37989031 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cabazitaxel (CTX) is a medication used for treating metastatic prostate cancer. However, its effectiveness is majorly limited by its poor water solubility and lack of tumor targeting. In this study, three unsaturated fatty acids, GLA, ALA and DHA, were separately connected with CTX and then covalently attached to bifunctionalized dextran through a linker to produce three dual drug conjugates named dextran-GLA-CTX, dextran-ALA-CTX and dextran-DHA-CTX. The three conjugates displayed enhanced solubility of CTX in water and improved antitumor effects compared to the conventional CTX formulation. The results also confirmed that dextran-GLA-CTX exhibited the strongest antitumor activity, while dextran-DHA-CTX displayed less efficacy, as evaluated through xenografted nude mice bearing PC-3 and DU145 prostate cancer cells. Additionally, dextran-GLA-CTX showed greater inhibition of tumor growth than dextran-CTX. Moreover, the dextran-GLA-CTX conjugate was found to prolong the half-life of CTX in plasma and selectively accumulate in tumors. This study revealed that unsaturated fatty acids can enhance the antitumor activity of dextran-based conjugates grafted with CTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshuai Lv
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, PR China
| | - Weiping Jia
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, PR China
| | - Peng Dong
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, PR China
| | - Jiaojiao Liu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, PR China
| | - Si Wang
- Santolecan Pharmaceuticals LLC, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Xiaohai Li
- Santolecan Pharmaceuticals LLC, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Jinghua Hu
- Santolecan Pharmaceuticals LLC, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Ling Zhao
- Santolecan Pharmaceuticals LLC, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Yikang Shi
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, PR China.
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Inthi P, Pandith H, Kongtawelert P, Subhawa S, Banjerdpongchai R. Houttuynia cordata Thunb. Hexane fraction induces MDA-MB-231 cell apoptosis via caspases, ER stress, cell cycle arrest and attenuated Akt/ERK signaling. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18755. [PMID: 37576204 PMCID: PMC10415895 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (HCT) is a perennial plant used in traditional Thai medicine for many centuries. This study aimed to investigate the antiproliferative effect of the hexane fraction, which has not been explored before. HCT ethanol extract (crude extract) was sequentially fractionated to obtain a hexane (H) fraction. GC-MS was used to determine the phytochemicals. The H fraction consisted of lipids, mainly α-linolenic acid and some terpenoids. MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxic effects of H fraction in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, NIH3T3 and PBMCs. The mode of cell death and cell cycle analysis were determined by flow cytometry. The mechanisms of cell death were defined by mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP) reduction and activation of caspase-3, -8 and -9. The expression levels of the Bcl-2 family, cell cycle-related, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated proteins; and Akt/ERK signaling molecules were investigated by immunoblotting. The H fraction was toxic to MDA-MB-231 more than MCF-7 cells but not to NIH3T3 and PBMCs. The growth of MDA-MB-231 cells was inhibited through apoptosis. MTP was disrupted whereas caspase-3, -8 and -9 were activated. The expression of pro-apoptotic Bax and Bak was upregulated, while Bid and anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL proteins were downregulated. Cyclin D1 and CDK4 levels were downregulated. The cell cycle was arrested at G1. Moreover, GRP78 and CHOP elevation indicated ER stress-mediated pathway. The expression ratio of pAkt/Akt and pERK/ERK were reduced. Taken together, the molecular mechanisms of MDA-MB-231 cell apoptosis were via intrinsic/extrinsic pathways, cell cycle arrest, ER stress and abrogation of Akt/ERK survival pathways. According to the most current research, the H fraction may be used as an adjuvant in the BC treatment; however, before the anticancer strategy can be applied to patients, it is important to determine each active compound's effects in cell lines and in vivo when compared with a combined mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitsinee Inthi
- Department of Biochemistry, Chiang Mai University, 110 Inthawaroros Road., Sripoom, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Hataichanok Pandith
- Department of Biology, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huaykaew Road, Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Prachya Kongtawelert
- Department of Biochemistry, Chiang Mai University, 110 Inthawaroros Road., Sripoom, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Subhawat Subhawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Chiang Mai University, 110 Inthawaroros Road., Sripoom, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Ratana Banjerdpongchai
- Department of Biochemistry, Chiang Mai University, 110 Inthawaroros Road., Sripoom, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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Arai N, Hattori N, Yamashita S, Liu YY, Ebata T, Takeuchi C, Takeshima H, Fujii S, Kondo H, Mukai H, Ushijima T. HSD17B4 methylation enhances glucose dependence of BT-474 breast cancer cells and increases lapatinib sensitivity. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023:10.1007/s10549-023-07013-y. [PMID: 37378696 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-07013-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE HER2-positive breast cancer has a high chance of achieving pathological complete response when HSD17B4, responsible for peroxisomal β-oxidation of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) and estradiol, is methylation-silenced. Here, we aimed to identify the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS Using a HER2-positive breast cancer cell line, BT-474, control and knock-out (KO) clones were obtained. Metabolic characteristics were analyzed using a Seahorse Flux analyzer. RESULTS HSD17B4 KO suppressed cellular proliferation, and enhanced sensitivity to lapatinib approximately tenfold. The KO led to accumulation of VLCFA and a decrease of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid. HSD17B4 KO increased Akt phosphorylation, possibly via decreased DHA, and genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) and electron transport chain (ETC) were upregulated. Increased mitochondrial ATP production in the KO cells was confirmed by extracellular flux analyzer. Increased OxPhos led to severe dependence of the KO cells on pyruvate from glycolysis. Suppression of glycolysis by lapatinib led to severe delayed suppression of OxPhos in KO cells. CONCLUSION HSD17B4 KO in BT-474 cells caused a decrease of PUFAs, increased Akt phosphorylation, enhanced glucose dependence of OxPhos, and increased sensitivity to inhibition of HER2, upstream of Akt. This mechanism may be applicable to other HER2-positive glucose-dependent breast cancer cells with HSD17B4 silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Arai
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Hattori
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Epigenomics, Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu-Yu Liu
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Epigenomics, Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ebata
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Epigenomics, Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Takeuchi
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Epigenomics, Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeshima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Epigenomics, Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujii
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Kondo
- Department of Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Mukai
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Epigenomics, Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Méndez-Valdés G, Gómez-Hevia F, Bragato MC, Lillo-Moya J, Rojas-Solé C, Saso L, Rodrigo R. Antioxidant Protection against Trastuzumab Cardiotoxicity in Breast Cancer Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020457. [PMID: 36830015 PMCID: PMC9952697 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent malignant neoplastic disease in women, with an estimated 2.3 million cases in 2020 worldwide. Its treatment depends on characteristics of the patient and the tumor. In the latter, characteristics include cell type and morphology, anatomical location, and immunophenotype. Concerning this latter aspect, the overexpression of the HER2 receptor, expressed in 15-25% of tumors, is associated with greater aggressiveness and worse prognosis. In recent times some monoclonal antibodies have been developed in order to target HER2 receptor overexpression. Trastuzumab is part of the monoclonal antibodies used as targeted therapy against HER2 receptor, whose major problem is its cardiac safety profile, where it has been associated with cardiotoxicity. The appearance of cardiotoxicity is an indication to stop therapy. Although the pathophysiological mechanism is poorly known, evidence indicates that oxidative stress plays a fundamental role causing DNA damage, increased cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS production, changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular calcium dysregulation, and the consequent cell death through different pathways. The aim of this review was to explore the use of antioxidants as adjuvant therapy to trastuzumab to prevent its cardiac toxicity, thus leading to ameliorate its safety profile in its administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Méndez-Valdés
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Francisca Gómez-Hevia
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | | | - José Lillo-Moya
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Catalina Rojas-Solé
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University, P.Le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ramón Rodrigo
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-229786126
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Liang P, Ma Y, Yang L, Mao L, Sun Q, Sun C, Liu Z, Mazhar M, Yang S, Ren W. Uncovering the Mechanisms of Active Components from Toad Venom against Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Untargeted Metabolomics. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227758. [PMID: 36431859 PMCID: PMC9694973 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Toad venom, a dried product of secretion from Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor or Bufo melanostictus Schneider, has had the therapeutic effects of hepatocellular carcinoma confirmed. Bufalin and cinobufagin were considered as the two most representative antitumor active components in toad venom. However, the underlying mechanisms of this antitumor effect have not been fully implemented, especially the changes in endogenous small molecules after treatment. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the intrinsic mechanism on hepatocellular carcinoma after the cotreatment of bufalin and cinobufagin based on untargeted tumor metabolomics. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was performed to identify the absorbed components of toad venom in rat plasma. In vitro experiments were determined to evaluate the therapeutic effects of bufalin and cinobufagin and screen the optimal ratio between them. An in vivo HepG2 tumor-bearing nude mice model was established, and a series of pharmacodynamic indicators were determined, including the body weight of mice, tumor volume, tumor weight, and histopathological examination of tumor. Further, the entire metabolic alterations in tumor after treating with bufalin and cinobufagin were also profiled by UHPLC-MS/MS. Twenty-seven active components from toad venom were absorbed in rat plasma. We found that the cotreatment of bufalin and cinobufagin exerted significant antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo, which were reflected in inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis of HepG2 cells and thereby causing cell necrosis. After cotherapy of bufalin and cinobufagin for twenty days, compared with the normal group, fifty-six endogenous metabolites were obviously changed on HepG2 tumor-bearing nude mice. Meanwhile, the abundance of α-linolenic acid and phenethylamine after the bufalin and cinobufagin intervention was significantly upregulated, which involved phenylalanine metabolism and α-linolenic acid metabolism. Furthermore, we noticed that amino acid metabolites were also altered in HepG2 tumor after drug intervention, such as norvaline and Leu-Ala. Taken together, the cotreatment of bufalin and cinobufagin has significant antitumor effects on HepG2 tumor-bearing nude mice. Our work demonstrated that the in-depth mechanism of antitumor activity was mainly through the regulation of phenylalanine metabolism and α-Linolenic acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 853, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yining Ma
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Luyin Yang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Linshen Mao
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qin Sun
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Changzhen Sun
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zengjin Liu
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Maryam Mazhar
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Sijin Yang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 853, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (W.R.)
| | - Wei Ren
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (W.R.)
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Mueed A, Shibli S, Jahangir M, Jabbar S, Deng Z. A comprehensive review of flaxseed ( Linum usitatissimum L.): health-affecting compounds, mechanism of toxicity, detoxification, anticancer and potential risk. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:11081-11104. [PMID: 35833457 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2092718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Flaxseed consumption (Linum usitatissimum L.) has increased due to its potential health benefits, such as protection against inflammation, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. However, flaxseeds also contains various anti-nutritive and toxic compounds such as cyanogenic glycosides, and phytic acids etc. In this case, the long-term consumption of flaxseed may pose health risks due to these non-nutritional substances, which may be life threatening if consumed in high doses, although if appropriately utilized these may prevent/treat various diseases by preventing/inhibiting and or reversing the toxicity induced by other compounds. Therefore, it is necessary to remove or suppress the harmful and anti-nutritive effects of flaxseeds before these are utilized for large-scale as food for human consumption. Interestingly, the toxic compounds of flaxseed also undergoes biochemical detoxification in the body, transforming into less toxic or inactive forms like α-ketoglutarate cyanohydrin etc. However, such detoxification is also a challenge for the development, scalability, and real-time quantification of these bioactive substances. This review focuses on the health affecting composition of flaxseed, along with health benefits and potential toxicity of its components, detoxification methods and mechanisms with evidence supported by animal and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Mueed
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Sahar Shibli
- Food Science Research Institute, National Agriculture Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jahangir
- Department of Food Science & Technology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Saqib Jabbar
- Food Science Research Institute, National Agriculture Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Contribution of n-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids to the Prevention of Breast Cancer Risk Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137936. [PMID: 35805595 PMCID: PMC9265492 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, diet and breast cancer are studied at different levels, particularly in tumor prevention and progression. Thus, the molecular mechanisms leading to better knowledge are deciphered with a higher precision. Among the molecules implicated in a preventive and anti-progressive way, n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) are good candidates. These molecules, like docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids, are generally found in marine material, such as fat fishes or microalgae. EPA and DHA act as anti-proliferative, anti-invasive, and anti-angiogenic molecules in breast cancer cell lines, as well as in in vivo studies. A better characterization of the cellular and molecular pathways involving the action of these fatty acids is essential to have a realistic image of the therapeutic avenues envisaged behind their use. This need is reinforced by the increase in the number of clinical trials involving more and more n-3 LC-PUFAs, and this, in various pathologies ranging from obesity to a multitude of cancers. The objective of this review is, therefore, to highlight the new elements showing the preventive and beneficial effects of n-3 LC-PUFAs against the development and progression of breast cancer.
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Shadyro O, Sosnovskaya A, Edimecheva I, Ihnatovich L, Dubovik B, Krasny S, Tzerkovsky D, Protopovich E. In Vivo Antitumoral Effects of Linseed Oil and Its Combination With Doxorubicin. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:882197. [PMID: 35800445 PMCID: PMC9254224 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.882197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Linseed oil (LO) is known for its exceptional nutritional value due to the high content of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an essential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid; its anticarcinogenic effect has been established in several experimental and epidemiological studies. As an adjuvant of chemotherapeutic agents, LO and other ALA-rich vegetable oils have been studied in only a handful of studies at the experimental level. However, the efficacy of antitumoral therapy using doxorubicin (Dox) in combination with ALA and ALA-rich substrates has not yet been investigated. In this work, the antitumor activity of LO in a wide dose range was studied with monotherapy and combined with Dox in animal models with Pliss lymphosarcoma (PLS) and Lewis lung adenocarcinoma (LLC). It was founded the daily oral administration of LO (1, 3, and 10 ml per 1 kg) to rats (PLS) and 6 ml/kg to mice (LLC) for 11–12 days from 7 days after subcutaneous transplantation of tumors has a stable statistically significant effect on the dynamics of tumor growth, reducing the intensity of tumor growth and increasing the frequency of complete tumor regressions (CR) compared with the control. LO showed high antimetastatic activity in the LLC model. Furthermore, LO at a dose of 3 ml/kg potentiates the antitumor effect of Dox in the PLS model, reducing the volume of tumors at the end of treatment by 2.0 times (p = 0.013), the value of the tumor growth index by 1.6 times (p < 0.03) and increasing the frequency of CR 60 days after the start of therapy by 3.5 times (p = 0.019) compared with the use of Dox alone. The combination of Dox and LO or fish oil allows growing efficiency therapy of LLC in comparison with Dox alone, increasing the frequency of CR to 73.68% and 94.4%, respectively, and reducing the frequency of metastasis to zero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Shadyro
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Free-Radical Processes, Research Institute for Physical and Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
- Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
- *Correspondence: Oleg Shadyro,
| | - Anna Sosnovskaya
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Free-Radical Processes, Research Institute for Physical and Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Irina Edimecheva
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Free-Radical Processes, Research Institute for Physical and Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Lana Ihnatovich
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Free-Radical Processes, Research Institute for Physical and Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
- Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Boris Dubovik
- Department of Pharmacology, Belarusian State Medical University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Sergei Krasny
- Laboratory of Photodynamic Therapy and Hyperthermia, N.N. Alexandrov National Cancer Center, Lesnoy, Belarus
| | - Dmitry Tzerkovsky
- Laboratory of Photodynamic Therapy and Hyperthermia, N.N. Alexandrov National Cancer Center, Lesnoy, Belarus
| | - Egor Protopovich
- Laboratory of Photodynamic Therapy and Hyperthermia, N.N. Alexandrov National Cancer Center, Lesnoy, Belarus
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α-Linolenic acid induces apoptosis, inhibits the invasion and metastasis, and arrests cell cycle in human breast cancer cells by inhibiting fatty acid synthase. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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10
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Newell M, Goruk S, Schueler J, Mazurak V, Postovit LM, Field CJ. Docosahexaenoic acid enrichment of tumor phospholipid membranes increases tumor necroptosis in mice bearing triple negative breast cancer patient-derived xenografts. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 107:109018. [PMID: 35489658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) reduces breast cancer tumor growth in preclinical models. To better understand how DHA amplifies the actions of docetaxel (TXT) chemotherapy, we examined the effects of two doses of dietary DHA on tumor size, membrane DHA content and necroptosis using a drug resistant triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patient derived xenograft (PDX) model. Female NSG mice bearing TNBC PDXs were randomized to one of three nutritionally complete diets (20% w/w fat): control (0% DHA), high DHA (3.8% HDHA), or low DHA (1.6% LDHA) with or without intraperitoneal injections of 5 mg/kg TXT, twice weekly for 6 weeks (n=8 per group). Tumors from mice fed either HDHA+TXT or LDHA+TXT were similar in size to each other, but were 36% and 32% smaller than tumors from mice fed control+TXT, respectively (P<0.05). A dose effect of DHA incorporation was observed in plasma total phospholipids and in phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol. Both doses of DHA resulted in similarly increased necrotic tissue and decreased NFκB protein expression compared to control tumors, however only the HDHA+TXT had increased expression of necroptosis related proteins: RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL (P<0.05). Increased MLKL was observed in the lipid raft portion of HDHA+TXT tumor extracts. This work confirms the efficacy of a combination therapy consisting of DHA supplementation and TXT chemotherapy using two doses of DHA as indicated by reduced tumor growth in a TNBC PDX model. Moreover, the results suggest that decreased growth may occur through increased DHA incorporation into tumor phospholipid membranes and necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnie Newell
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E1
| | - Susan Goruk
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E1
| | - Julia Schueler
- Charles River Discovery Research Services Germany, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vera Mazurak
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E1
| | - Lynne-Marie Postovit
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R7; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E1.
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11
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α-Linolenic Acid Suppresses Proliferation and Invasion in Osteosarcoma Cells via Inhibiting Fatty Acid Synthase. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092741. [PMID: 35566090 PMCID: PMC9105512 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is highly expressed in multiple types of human cancers and is recognized as one of the targets for treating cancer metastasis. α-Linolenic acid is an omega-3 essential fatty acid and it possesses various biological activities. The present study was designed to reveal the effects of α-linolenic acid on osteosarcoma and to reveal whether the mechanism of α-linolenic acid in anticancer activity may be related to FASN inhibition. The cytotoxicity of α-linolenic acid was assessed in osteosarcoma MG63, 143B, and U2OS cells. Cell viability was detected by the MTT assay. The protein expression level was detected by western blotting. Flow cytometry, Annexin V/propidium iodide dual staining, and Hoechst 33258 staining were performed to assess the apoptotic effects. Wound healing assay was applied to detect the inhibitory effect of α-linolenic acid on osteosarcoma cells migration. The results showed that α-linolenic acid downregulated FASN expression. α-Linolenic acid inhibited osteosarcoma cell proliferation and migration in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, α-linolenic acid regulated endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane receptors and signal protein expression in osteosarcoma cells. The findings of the present study suggested that α-linolenic acid suppresses osteosarcoma cell proliferation and metastasis by inhibiting FASN expression, which provides a basis as a potential target for osteosarcoma treatment.
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12
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Defries D, Curtis K, Petkau JC, Shariati-Ievari S, Blewett H, Aliani M. Patterns of Alpha-Linolenic Acid Incorporation into Phospholipids in H4IIE Cells. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 106:109014. [PMID: 35461904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Alpha linolenic acid (ALA) is an 18-carbon essential fatty acid found in plant-based foods and oils. While much attention has been placed on conversion of ALA to long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, alternative routes of ALA metabolism exist and may lead to formation of other bioactive metabolites of ALA. The current study employed a non-targeted metabolomics approach to profile ALA metabolites that are significantly upregulated by ALA treatment. H4IIE hepatoma cells (n=3 samples per time point) were treated with 60 μM ALA or vehicle for 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours. Samples were then extracted with methanol and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. We observed selective changes in ALA incorporation into phospholipid classes and subclasses over the 12 hours following ALA treatment. While levels of specific molecular species of ALA-containing phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and lysophospholipids were elevated with ALA treatment, others were not affected. Of the phospholipids that were increased, some [e.g. PC(18:3/18:1), PC(18:3/18:4), PE(18:3/18:2), PE(18:3/18:3)] were elevated almost immediately after exposure to ALA, while others (e.g. PE(18:1/18:3) PA(18:3/22:6), and PA(18:3/18:2)] were not elevated until several hours after ALA treatment. Overall, these results suggest that ALA incorporation into phospholipids is selective and support a metabolic hierarchy for ALA incorporation into specific phospholipids. Given the functionality of phospholipids based on their fatty acid composition, future studies will need to investigate the implications of ALA incorporation into specific phospholipids on cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Defries
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Health, University of Winnipeg, 3D09 Duckworth Building, 515 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3B 2E9.
| | - Kayla Curtis
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Room 209 Human Ecology Building, 35 Chancellor's Circle, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2N2
| | - Jay C Petkau
- Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R2H 2A6; Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Route 100, Unit 100-101 Morden, Manitoba, Canada, R6M 1Y5
| | - Shiva Shariati-Ievari
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Room 209 Human Ecology Building, 35 Chancellor's Circle, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2N2; Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R2H 2A6
| | - Heather Blewett
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Room 209 Human Ecology Building, 35 Chancellor's Circle, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2N2; Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R2H 2A6; Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Route 100, Unit 100-101 Morden, Manitoba, Canada, R6M 1Y5
| | - Michel Aliani
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Room 209 Human Ecology Building, 35 Chancellor's Circle, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2N2; Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R2H 2A6; Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders (DND), St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R2H 2A6.
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13
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Transcriptomic Response of Breast Cancer Cells MDA-MB-231 to Docosahexaenoic Acid: Downregulation of Lipid and Cholesterol Metabolism Genes and Upregulation of Genes of the Pro-Apoptotic ER-Stress Pathway. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17103746. [PMID: 32466294 PMCID: PMC7277693 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite considerable efforts in prevention and therapy, breast cancer remains a major public health concern worldwide. Numerous studies using breast cancer cell lines have shown the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Some studies have also demonstrated the inhibitory effect of DHA on the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells, making DHA a potential anti-metastatic agent. Thus, DHA has shown its potential as a chemotherapeutic adjuvant. However, the molecular mechanisms triggering DHA effects remain unclear, and the aim of this study was to provide a transcriptomic basis for further cellular and molecular investigations. Therefore, MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with 100 µM DHA for 12 h or 24 h before RNA-seq analysis. The results show the great impact of DHA-treatment on the transcriptome, especially after 24 h of treatment. The impact of DHA is particularly visible in genes involved in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway that is strongly downregulated, and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress response that is, conversely, upregulated. This ER-stress and unfolded protein response could explain the pro-apoptotic effect of DHA. The expression of genes related to migration and invasion (especially SERPINE1, PLAT, and MMP11) is also impacted by DHA. In conclusion, this transcriptomic analysis supports the antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic and anti-invasive effects of DHA, and provides new avenues for understanding its molecular mechanisms.
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14
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Li M, Liu Y, Li Q, Yang M, Pi Y, Yang N, Zheng Y, Yue X. Comparative exploration of free fatty acids in donkey colostrum and mature milk based on a metabolomics approach. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:6022-6031. [PMID: 32359984 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Donkey milk is an ideal substitute for human milk owing to its similar composition. Nevertheless, changes in the composition and related metabolic pathways of free fatty acids (FFA) in donkey milk between colostrum and mature milk have not been studied well. In this study, metabolomic methods based on gas chromatography tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) were used to explore and compare FFA in donkey colostrum (DC) and mature milk (DMM). A total of 24 FFA were characterized and quantified in DC and in DMM. Of these, 11 FFA differed significantly between DC and DMM, and there were 6 key differential metabolic pathways. These results demonstrated that the composition of FFA in donkey milk changed with lactation stage. The interactions and metabolic pathways were further analyzed to explore the mechanisms that altered the milk composition during lactation. Our results provide insights into the changes in milk of the nonruminant mammals during lactation. The results provide practical information for the development of donkey milk products and a foundation for future research on specific milk nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China, 110866
| | - Yiming Liu
- Department of Foreign Languages, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China, 110866
| | - Qilong Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China, 110866
| | - Mei Yang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China, 110866
| | - Yuzhen Pi
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China, 110866
| | - Ning Yang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China, 110866
| | - Yan Zheng
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China, 110866.
| | - Xiqing Yue
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China, 110866.
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15
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Mbarik M, Biam RS, Robichaud PP, Surette ME. The impact of PUFA on cell responses: Caution should be exercised when selecting PUFA concentrations in cell culture. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 155:102083. [PMID: 32126480 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are important components of cellular membranes, serving both structural and signaling functions. Investigation of the functional responses of cells to various PUFA often involves cell culture experiments, which can then inform or guide subsequent in vivo and clinical investigations. In this study, human carcinoma and leukemia cell lines (MCF-7, HepG2, THP-1, Jurkat) were incubated for 3 days in the presence of up to 150 μM of exogenous arachidonic or eicosapentaenoic acids. At concentrations up to 20 μM these PUFA were enriched in cellular phospholipids, but at concentrations of 20 μM or higher cells accumulated large quantities of these PUFA and their elongation products into triglycerides. This coincided with decreased cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis. Inhibition of DGAT1 but not DGAT2 enhanced the cytotoxic effect of exogenous PUFA suggesting a protective role of PUFA sequestration into TGs. Lower (10 μM) and higher (50 μM) exogenous PUFA concentrations also had different impacts on the expression of PUFA metabolizing enzymes. Overall, these results indicate that caution must be exercised when planning in vitro experiments since elevated concentrations of PUFA can lead to dysfunctional cellular responses that are not predictive of in vivo responses to dietary PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroua Mbarik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Roody S Biam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada
| | | | - Marc E Surette
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada.
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16
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Newell M, Mackey JR, Bigras G, Alvarez-Camacho M, Goruk S, Ghosh S, Schmidt A, Miede D, Chisotti A, Postovit L, Baker K, Mazurak V, Courneya K, Berendt R, Dong WF, Wood G, Basi SK, Joy AA, King K, Meza-Junco J, Zhu X, Field C. Comparing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concomitant with neoadjuvant chemotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone in the treatment of breast cancer (DHA WIN): protocol of a double-blind, phase II, randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e030502. [PMID: 31530611 PMCID: PMC6756327 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer treatment is prescribed to facilitate surgery and provide confirmation of drug-sensitive disease, and the achievement of pathological complete response (pCR) predicts improved long-term outcomes. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been shown to reduce tumour growth in preclinical models when combined with chemotherapy and is known to beneficially modulate systemic immune function. The purpose of this trial is to investigate the benefit of DHA supplementation in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a double-blind, phase II, randomised controlled trial of 52 women prescribed neoadjuvant chemotherapy to test if DHA supplementation enhances chemotherapy efficacy. The DHA supplementation group will take 4.4 g/day DHA orally, and the placebo group will take an equal fat supplement of vegetable oil. The primary outcome will be change in Ki67 labelling index from prechemotherapy core needle biopsy to definitive surgical specimen. The secondary endpoints include assessment of (1) DHA plasma phospholipid content; (2) systemic immune cell types, plasma cytokines and inflammatory markers; (3) tumour markers for apoptosis and tumour infiltrating lymphocytes; (4) rate of pCR in breast and in axillary nodes; (5) frequency of grade 3 and 4 chemotherapy-associated toxicities; and (6) patient-perceived quality of life. The trial has 81% power to detect a significant between-group difference in Ki67 index with a two-sided t-test of less than 0.0497, and accounts for 10% dropout rate. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has full approval from the Health Research Ethics Board of Alberta - Cancer Committee (Protocol #: HREBA.CC-18-0381). We expect to present the findings of this study to the scientific community in peer-reviewed journals and at conferences. The results of this study will provide evidence for supplementing with DHA during neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment for breast cancer. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03831178.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnie Newell
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - John R Mackey
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gilbert Bigras
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Susan Goruk
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sunita Ghosh
- Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | - Ann Chisotti
- Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lynne Postovit
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kristi Baker
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vera Mazurak
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kerry Courneya
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard Berendt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wei-Feng Dong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - George Wood
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Anil Abraham Joy
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karen King
- Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Xiaofu Zhu
- Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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17
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Buckner AL, Buckner CA, Montaut S, Lafrenie RM. Treatment with flaxseed oil induces apoptosis in cultured malignant cells. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02251. [PMID: 31440598 PMCID: PMC6699425 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaxseed oil is widely recognized for its exceptional nutritional value, high concentration of fiber-based lignans and large amounts of ω-fatty acids. It is one of a generic group of functional foods that is often taken by cancer patients as a potential treatment. We have examined the anti-cancer effects of flaxseed oil by studying its direct effects on cancer cell growth in vitro. Treatment of a variety of cancer cell lines with flaxseed oil decreased their growth in a dose-dependent manner while non-malignant cell lines showed small increases in cell growth. Cells treated with a mixture of fatty acids, including α-linolenic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid and lignans including enterodiol and enterolactone was also able to decrease the growth of cancer cells. Treatment of B16-BL6 murine melanoma and MCF-7 breast cancer cells with flaxseed oil induced apoptosis as determined by changes in cell morphology, annexin V staining, DNA fragmentation and/or caspase activation. In addition, treatment with flaxseed oil also disrupted mitochondrial function in B16-BL6 and MCF-7 cells. These results indicate that flaxseed oil can specifically inhibit cancer cell growth and induce apoptosis in some cancer cells and suggests it has further potential in anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L Buckner
- Program in Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carly A Buckner
- Program in Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.,Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabine Montaut
- Program in Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert M Lafrenie
- Program in Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.,Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.,Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Role of docosahexaenoic acid in enhancement of docetaxel action in patient-derived breast cancer xenografts. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 177:357-367. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05331-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Menin A, Zanoni F, Vakarelova M, Chignola R, Donà G, Rizzi C, Mainente F, Zoccatelli G. Effects of microencapsulation by ionic gelation on the oxidative stability of flaxseed oil. Food Chem 2018; 269:293-299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Time-Dependently Reduce Cell Viability and Oncogenic MicroRNA-21 Expression in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Cells (MCF-7). Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010244. [PMID: 29342901 PMCID: PMC5796192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), and its metabolites, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), independently reduce the growth of breast cancer cells in vitro, but the mechanisms, which may involve microRNA (miRNA), are still unclear. The expression of the oncomiR, miR-21, is reduced by DHA treatment, but the effects of ALA on miR-21, alone or combined with EPA and DHA under physiologically relevant concentrations, have not been investigated. The effects of ALA alone and +/-EPA and DHA at the blood molar ratios seen in either humans (1.0:1.0:2.5, ALA:EPA:DHA) or mice (1.0:0.4:3.1, ALA:EPA:DHA) post flaxseed oil consumption (containing ALA) were assessed in vitro in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Cell viability and the expression of miR-21 and its molecular target, phosphatase and tension homolog (PTEN, gene and protein), at different time points, were examined. At 1, 3, 48 and 96 h ALA alone and 24 h animal ratio treatments significantly reduced MCF-7 cell viability, while 1 and 3 h ALA alone and human and animal ratio treatments all significantly reduced miR-21 expression, and 24 h animal ratio treatment reduced miR-21 expression; these effects were not associated with changes in PTEN gene or protein expressions. We showed for the first time that ALA alone or combined with EPA and DHA at levels seen in human and animal blood post-ALA consumption can significantly reduce cell viability and modulate miR-21 expression in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, with the animal ratio containing higher DHA having a greater effect. The time dependency of miR-21 effects suggests the significance of considering time as a variable in miRNA studies, particularly of miR-21.
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21
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Modulation of Ras/ERK and Phosphoinositide Signaling by Long-Chain n-3 PUFA in Breast Cancer and Their Potential Complementary Role in Combination with Targeted Drugs. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030185. [PMID: 28241486 PMCID: PMC5372848 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A potential complementary role of the dietary long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3 PUFA) in combination with innovative mono-targeted therapies has recently been proposed. These compounds are thought to act pleiotropically to prevent the development and progression of a variety of cancers, including breast cancer. We hereinafter critically analyze the reports investigating the ability of LCn-3 PUFA to modulate the Ras/ERK and the phosphoinositide survival signaling pathways often aberrantly activated in breast cancer and representing the main targets of innovative therapies. The in vitro or in vivo animal and human interventional studies published up to January 2017 investigating the effects of LCn-3 PUFA on these pathways in normal and cancerous breast cells or tissues were identified through a systematic search of literature in the PubMed database. We found that, in most cases, both the in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated the ability of LCn-3 PUFA to inhibit the activation of these pro-survival pathways. Altogether, the analyzed results strongly suggest a potential role of LCn-3 PUFA as complementary agents in combination with mono-targeted therapies. Moreover, the results indicate the need for further in vitro and human interventional studies designed to unequivocally prove the potential adjuvant role of these fatty acids.
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22
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Moghadasi M, Ilghari D, Sirati-Sabet M, Amini A, Asghari H, Gheibi N. Structural characterization of recombinant human fibroblast growth factor receptor 2b kinase domain upon interaction with omega fatty acids. Chem Phys Lipids 2016; 202:21-27. [PMID: 27871884 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The mutated recombinant kinase domain of human fibroblast growth factor receptor 2b (hFGFR2b) is overexpressed and purified, and its structural changes upon the interaction with three unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), oleic, linoleic and α-linolenic are studied. This interaction is investigated to find out about the folding and unfolding effect of unsaturated fatty acids on the kinase domain structure of hFGFR2b. Recombinant pLEICS-01 vectors, containing the mutated coding region of hFGFR2b, are expressed in the standard Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) host cells and purified by Ni2+-NTA affinity chromatography. While polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis characterizes the functionality of recombinant protein, its structural changes are studied in the presence and absence of various concentrations of oleic, α-linolenic and linoleic acids using circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence spectroscopy. Far ultraviolet CD results show that unsaturated fatty acids do not change the secondary structure of the recombinant kinase domain of hFGFR2b. However, chemical denaturation analysis confirms that all three UFAs destabilize the tertiary structure of recombinant protein. A decrease in the fluorescence intensity without any significant red or blue shift (336±1nm) reflects a variation in the tertiary structure of protein. The direct interaction of the studied UFAs with hFGFR2b reduces the conformational stability of their kinase domains. The structural changes in hFGFR2b in the presence of UFAs may be necessary for hFGFR2b to adjust the signal transduction and regulate the key cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Moghadasi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Para Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Dariush Ilghari
- College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Majid Sirati-Sabet
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Amini
- Centre for Infrastructure Engineering, Western Sydney University, Bld Y, Locked Bag 1797, NSW 2751, Australia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Australian College of Kuwait, Mishrif, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
| | - Hamideh Asghari
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Para Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Nematollah Gheibi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 34199-15315, Qazvin, Iran.
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23
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Mason-Ennis JK, LeMay-Nedjelski LP, Wiggins AK, Thompson LU. Exploration of mechanisms of α-linolenic acid in reducing the growth of oestrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells (MCF-7). J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cancer Cell Cytotoxicity: Implications for Multi-Targeted Cancer Therapy. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5020015. [PMID: 26821053 PMCID: PMC4773771 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major disease worldwide. Despite progress in cancer therapy, conventional cytotoxic therapies lead to unsatisfactory long-term survival, mainly related to development of drug resistance by tumor cells and toxicity towards normal cells. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), can exert anti-neoplastic activity by inducing apoptotic cell death in human cancer cells either alone or in combination with conventional therapies. Indeed, n-3 PUFAs potentially increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to conventional therapies, possibly improving their efficacy especially against cancers resistant to treatment. Moreover, in contrast to traditional therapies, n-3 PUFAs appear to cause selective cytotoxicity towards cancer cells with little or no toxicity on normal cells. This review focuses on studies investigating the cytotoxic activity of n-3 PUFAs against cancer cells via apoptosis, analyzing the molecular mechanisms underlying this effective and selective activity. Here, we highlight the multiple molecules potentially targeted by n-3 PUFAs to trigger cancer cell apoptosis. This analysis can allow a better comprehension of the potential cytotoxic therapeutic role of n-3 PUFAs against cancer, providing specific information and support to design future pre-clinical and clinical studies for a better use of n-3 PUFAs in cancer therapy, mainly combinational therapy.
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Deshpande R, Mansara P, Kaul-Ghanekar R. Alpha-linolenic acid regulates Cox2/VEGF/MAP kinase pathway and decreases the expression of HPV oncoproteins E6/E7 through restoration of p53 and Rb expression in human cervical cancer cell lines. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:3295-305. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4170-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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