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de Souza LC, Lee KM, Chapman-Lopez TJ, Heileson JL, Torres R, Forsse JS, Gallucci AR, Funderburk LK. Sleep, Diet Quality, and Lipid Profile Assessment in NCAA Division I Acrobatics and Tumbling Student-Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2024; 43:464-472. [PMID: 38377116 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2024.2312843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acrobatics and Tumbling (A&T), an emerging National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) sport, involves athletes with rigorous training backgrounds, usually extending from youth through early adulthood. This study examines the sleep health, diet quality, and lipid profile of A&T athletes clustered by their performance position. METHODS Forty-two A&T athletes, clustered as tops (n = 19; age = 19.6 ± 1.0 years; body mass index [BMI] = 22.3 ± 1.7 kg/m2) and bases (n = 23; age = 19.6 ± 1.3 years; BMI = 25.7 ± 2.5 kg/m2), completed preseason sleep and diet quality (Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants-Shortened [REAP-S]) surveys. Fasting blood samples were collected for lipid analysis. Body composition was assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Most athletes (71.4%; base n = 14, top n = 16) reported insufficient sleep (≤7 hours) and "good" sleep quality (90.4%, n = 38; base n = 18, top n = 20). Average REAP-S score was 29.24 ± 3.74. Approximately 31% (n = 13) displayed at least one undesirable lipid concentration according to medical guidelines for normal levels (total cholesterol [TC] < 200 mg/dL, triglycerides [TG] < 150 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] > 40 mg/dL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] < 130 mg/dL). Approximately 20% exhibited elevated TC (top n = 4, base n = 4), 12.5% had elevated TG (base n = 5), 2.5% showed low HDL-C (base n = 1), and 10% presented elevated LDL-C (top n = 2, base n = 2). CONCLUSIONS Most athletes experienced suboptimal sleep (≤7 hours/night) and 31% displayed at least one undesirable lipid concentration (elevated TC, TG, or LDL-C or reduced HDL-C). Tailoring interventions with sports dietitians is recommended, focused on increasing monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat intake while reducing saturated fat consumption. These interventions could mitigate cardiovascular risks, improve recovery, and possibly enhance athletic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia C de Souza
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Katherine M Lee
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Tomas J Chapman-Lopez
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Integrated Laboratory of Exercise, Nutrition, and Renal Vascular Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffery L Heileson
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Nutrition Services Division, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ricardo Torres
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Integrated Laboratory of Exercise, Nutrition, and Renal Vascular Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Forsse
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Integrated Laboratory of Exercise, Nutrition, and Renal Vascular Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew R Gallucci
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - LesLee K Funderburk
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Human Sciences and Design, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
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2
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Lontano A, Marziali E, Galletti C, Mazza E, Gambioli S, Galasso V, Mingarelli A, D'Ambrosio F, Tamburrano A, Paolini M, Bande A, Damiani G, de Waure C, Laurenti P. A real opportunity to modify cardiovascular risk through primary care and prevention: A pilot study. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1009246. [PMID: 36703856 PMCID: PMC9871452 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1009246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a major threat to health and primary prevention outstands as the most effective instrument to face this issue, addressing multiple risk factors at a time and influencing behavioral patterns. Community nurses have been involved in many interdisciplinary prevention activities, resulting in effective control of CV risk factors. We conducted a pilot study aiming at describing the impact on the CV risk profile of an 18-month interdisciplinary intervention on lifestyle habits. From September 2018 to May 2020, four general practitioners (GPs) working in the Roman neighborhood of Torresina recruited patients having a cardiovascular risk score (CRS) equal to or higher than 3% and lower than 20%; those patients were included in a nutritional, physical, and psychological counseling program. Assessments of patients' health status were led at baseline, 6, 12, and 18 months by a nutritionist, a physiotherapist, a psychologist, their GPs, and a community nurse. The CRS was estimated at every examination, based on the Italian Progetto Cuore algorithm. A total of 76 patients were included (mean age of 54.6 years; 33 men and 43 women). Mean CRS showed a significant reduction between baseline and 12 months (from 4.9 to 3.8); both total cholesterol and systolic blood pressure (SBP) significantly decreased at 6 months of follow-up (respectively, from 211.1 to 192 and from 133.1 to 123.1). Nonetheless, the reduction was later maintained only for SBP. However, during the last 6 months of the intervention, the COVID-19 pandemic broke out, thus, it is not possible to know how much the results achieved at 18 months were influenced by the restrictive measures introduced by the Italian government. When stratifying according to the presence of hypertension/diabetes and physical activity, no differences in the CRS could be highlighted between the two groups. Our pilot study proved that an interdisciplinary counseling intervention program can improve CV risk profile and could be further spread to people that, according to their CRS, would benefit more from changes in lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleonora Marziali
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy,*Correspondence: Eleonora Marziali ✉
| | | | - Eduardo Mazza
- Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessandro Mingarelli
- DiagnostiCare ONLUS, Rome, Italy,Scuola di Specializzazione in Psicologia della Salute–Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Gianfranco Damiani
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara de Waure
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Laurenti
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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3
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A Preliminary Study of Pre-Season Taekwondo Preparation Strategy: Personal Isolation Training Effect for Elite Athletes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010570. [PMID: 34682317 PMCID: PMC8536167 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background: The global coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) has had a considerable impact on athletic competition and team sports training. Athletes have been forced to train alone at home. However, the isolation training model effects are still unknown. Purpose: This study compared the effects of personal isolation training (PIT) and detraining (DT) on specific sport performances (flexibility, power, reaction time, acceleration, and aerobic capacity) and body composition in elite taekwondo athletes. Methods: Eleven elite taekwondo athletes were recruited as voluntary subjects. Athletes were randomly paired by weight into the personal isolation training group (PIT group: N = 5, age: 21.2 ± 0.4 years, BMI: 22.2 ± 0.8 kg/m2) or detraining group (DT group: N = 6, age: 19.8 ± 0.3 years, BMI: 23.1 ± 1.0 kg/m2). All subjects performed the same training content prior to the pre-test (T1). When the pre-test was completed, all subjects underwent 12 weeks of PIT or DT. Athletes were then administrated the post-test (T2). The athlete’s sport performances and body composition were measured to compare the differences between the two groups (PIT and DT) and two phases (T1 and T2). Results: There were no significant differences in kicking reaction time and flexibility in both groups (p > 0.05). The PIT showed significant improvements in 10 m (10M) sprint performance (p < 0.05), and displayed a progress trend in Abalakov jump performance. In addition, the PIT resulted in a better change response in 10M sprint performance (PIT: −4.2%, DT: +2.1%), aerobic endurance performance (PIT: −10.2%, DT: −18.4%), right arm muscle mass (PIT: +2.9%, DT: −3.8%), and trunk muscle mass (PIT: +2.2%, DT: −1.9%) than DT (p < 0.05). The fat mass percentage showed a negative change from T1 to T2 in both groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: PIT showed a trend toward better body composition (arm and trunk muscle) and sport performances (10M sprint and aerobic capacity) compared to DT. This finding may provide information on the effectiveness of a personal isolation training model for optimal preparation for taekwondo athletes and coaches. It may also serve as a useful and safe guideline for training recommendations during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
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Chen CN, Hsu KJ, Chien KY, Chen JJ. Effects of Combined High-Protein Diet and Exercise Intervention on Cardiometabolic Health in Middle-Aged Obese Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:705282. [PMID: 34485407 PMCID: PMC8415300 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.705282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity is the main risk factor of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and metabolic diseases. The middle-aged population is the age group with the highest prevalence of obesity. Thus, improving cardiometabolic health is important to prevent CVD and metabolic diseases in middle-aged obese adults. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of exercise alone or in combination with a high-protein diet on markers of cardiometabolic health in middle-aged adults with obesity. Methods: Sixty-nine middle-aged adults with obesity were assigned randomly to the control group (C; n = 23), exercise group (E; n = 23), or exercise combined with high-protein diet group (EP; n = 23). Individuals in the E and EP groups received supervised exercise training and individuals in the EP group received high-protein diet intervention. Body composition (assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), lipid profiles, and inflammatory markers were determined before and after 12 weeks of intervention. Insulin sensitivity index (ISI0,120) was calculated from values of fasting and 2-h insulin and glucose concentration of OGTT. Insulin-peak-time during the OGTT was recorded to reflect β-cell function. Analysis of covariance with baseline values as covariates was used to examine the effects of the intervention. The significant level was set at 0.05. Results: After 12 weeks of intervention, the E group had a greater percentage of individuals with early insulin-peak-time during the OGTT than that in the C and EP groups (p = 0.031). EP group had lower total cholesterol and triglycerides than that in the C group (p = 0.046 and 0.014, respectively). Within-group comparisons showed that the 2-h glucose of OGTT and C-reactive protein decreased in the EP group (p = 0.013 and 0.008, respectively) but not in the E and C groups; insulin sensitivity improved in the EP group (p = 0.016) and had a trend to improve in the E group (p = 0.052); and abdominal fat mass and total body fat mass decreased in both intervention groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Combined high-protein diet and exercise intervention significantly decreased fat mass and improved lipid profiles, insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and inflammation in middle-aged adults with obesity. Clinical Trial Registration: Thai Clinical Trials Registry, TCTR20180913003, 13-09-2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Nan Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Jen Hsu
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Yu Chien
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jeu-Jung Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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5
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Perrone MA, Feola A, Pieri M, Donatucci B, Salimei C, Lombardo M, Perrone A, Parisi A. The Effects of Reduced Physical Activity on the Lipid Profile in Patients with High Cardiovascular Risk during COVID-19 Lockdown. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168858. [PMID: 34444607 PMCID: PMC8393411 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a serious global health problem. In Italy, to limit the infections, the government ordered lockdown from March 2020. This measure, designed to contain the virus, led to serious limitations on the daily life of the individuals it affected, and in particular in the limitation of physical exercise. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of reduced physical activity on the lipid profile in patients with high cardiovascular risk. Methods: We enrolled 38 dyslipidemic patients, 56% male, with an age range of 44-62 years, considered to be at high cardiovascular risk. All patients were prescribed statin drug therapy (atorvastatin 40 mg) and a vigorous physical activity program four times a week, 1 h per session. In addition, a personalized Mediterranean diet was prescribed to all the patients. Total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides were measured in patients at T0 before lockdown and at T1 during lockdown. Results: Data showed a significant increase (p < 0.01) in total cholesterol (+6,8%) and LDL (+15,8%). Furthermore, the analysis of the data revealed a reduction in HDL (-3%) and an increase in triglycerides (+3,2%), although both were not significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Our study showed that the reduction in physical activity during lockdown led to an increase in LDL levels, and therefore, in the risk of ischemic heart disease in dyslipidemic patients with high cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Alfonso Perrone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- University Sports Centre, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessandro Feola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Massimo Pieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Bruno Donatucci
- University Sports Centre, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Chiara Salimei
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mauro Lombardo
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy;
| | - Andrea Perrone
- Department of Management Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Attilio Parisi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Science, University of Rome Foro Italico, 00135 Rome, Italy;
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6
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Rosa CSC, Giannaki CD, Krase A, Mplekou M, Grigoriou SS, Stefanidis I, Lavdas E, Pappas A, Bloxham S, Karatzaferi C, Sakkas GK. Effects of 12 months of detraining on health-related quality of life in patients receiving hemodialysis therapy. Int Urol Nephrol 2020; 52:1771-1778. [PMID: 32797383 PMCID: PMC7426199 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-020-02560-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Limited data exist regarding the effects of detraining on functional capacity and quality of life (QoL) in the hemodialysis population. The aim of the current study was to assess whether the discontinuation from a systematic intradialytic exercise training program will affect aspects of health-related QoL and functional capacity in hemodialysis patients. METHODS Seventeen hemodialysis patients (12 Males/5 Females, age 60.8 ± 13.6 year) participated in this study. Patients were assessed for functional capacity using various functional capacity tests while QoL, daily sleepiness, sleep quality, depression and fatigue were assessed using validated questionnaires at the end of a 12-month aerobic exercise program and after 12 months of detraining. RESULTS The detraining significantly reduced patients' QoL score by 20% (P = 0.01). More affected were aspects related to the physical component summary of the QoL (P < 0.001) rather than those related to the mental one (P = 0.096). In addition, the performance in the functional capacity tests was reduced (P < 0.05), while sleep quality (P = 0.020) and daily sleepiness scores (P = 0.006) were significantly worse after the detraining period. Depressive symptoms (P = 0.214) and the level of fatigue (P = 0.163) did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS Detraining has a detrimental effect in patients' QoL, functional capacity and sleep quality. The affected physical health contributed significantly to the lower QoL score. It is crucial for the chronic disease patients, even during emergencies such as lockdowns and restrictions in activities to maintain a minimum level of activity to preserve some of the acquired benefits and maintain their health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Suemi Costa Rosa
- Bioscience Institute, Sao Paulo State University, Rio Claro, Brazil.,CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Argyro Krase
- Department of PE and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Meropi Mplekou
- Department of PE and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | | | - Ioannis Stefanidis
- Department of Medicine, School of Health Science, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Lavdas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Aggelos Pappas
- Department of PE and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Saul Bloxham
- School of Sports, Health and Wellbeing, Plymouth Marjon University, Plymouth, UK
| | | | - Giorgos K Sakkas
- Department of PE and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece. .,School of Sports and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK.
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7
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Varaeva YR, Livantsova EN, Polenova NV, Kosyura SD, Nikitjuk DB, Starodubova AV. Characteristics of Blood Lipid Profiles of Professional Athletes: A Literature Review. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:98-102. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191213115232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Regular physical activity significantly affects lipid status. In this literature review, the specific features
of athletes blood lipid profiles were analysed. Professional athletes blood lipid status was found considerably
preferable compared to sex- and age-matched sedentary population. Regardless of endurance or power type of
sports activities, athletes perform lower levels of TC, LDL-C and TG and comparable or higher blood levels of
HDL-C. The differences in blood lipids levels and sports disciplines were introduced. Although there are much
more factors as diet, place of origin, training regime, and even genetic predisposition that should be taken into
consideration for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurgita R. Varaeva
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena N. Livantsova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia V. Polenova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana D. Kosyura
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitriy B. Nikitjuk
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Antonina V. Starodubova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation
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8
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Jesus F, Nunes CL, Matias CN, Francisco R, Carapeto B, Macias H, Müller D, Cardoso M, Valamatos MJ, Rosa G, Sardinha LB, Martins P, Minderico CS, Silva AM. Are predictive equations a valid method of assessing the resting metabolic rate of overweight or obese former athletes? Eur J Sport Sci 2019; 20:1225-1234. [PMID: 31868121 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1708974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Athletes retiring from their sports career, an understudied population, are susceptible to become overweight/obese because of decreased energy expenditure not followed by a reduction in energy intake. Therefore, their energy requirements, through resting metabolic rate (RMR), should be accurately addressed for weight management purposes. This study aimed to determine the validity of predictive equations (PEq) for RMR estimation using indirect calorimetry as the reference method in a sample of overweight/obese former athletes. The study uses cross-sectional data collected during baseline measurements of a lifestyle intervention (NCT03031951). The RMR of 56 overweight/obese (31.5 (4.0 kg/m2)) individuals (78.6% male, 37.5% obese, 95.8 (14.8 kg), 174.2 (8.7 cm)) was measured by indirect calorimetry and predicted using seven PEq: Harris-Benedict, Cunningham, Schofield, FAO/WHO/UNU, Owen, Mifflin-St. Jeor, and Katch-McArdle. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess body composition. The PEq overestimated the RMR measured by the indirect calorimetry, 70-300 kcal/day (4.3-14.9%). The linear regression between the reference and each of the PEq did not differ from the identity line with estimated values explaining around 50% of the variability of the measured values. The agreement between the methods was weak for all the PEq showing wide limits of agreement. The Harris-Benedict equation was the only one in which the difference between the methods was not related to the magnitude of the measured RMR. Given the weak performance of the various RMR models in overweight/obese former athletes, an effective weight management intervention based on estimated resting energy requirements may be compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Jesus
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana da Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Catarina L Nunes
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana da Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Catarina N Matias
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana da Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Ruben Francisco
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana da Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Carapeto
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana da Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Hugo Macias
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana da Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Diogo Müller
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana da Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Miguel Cardoso
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana da Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Maria J Valamatos
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana da Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Gil Rosa
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana da Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana da Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Paulo Martins
- Laboratory of Sport Psycology, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana da Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Cláudia S Minderico
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana da Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Analiza M Silva
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana da Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
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