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Tan L, Lu X, Danser AHJ, Verdonk K. The Role of Chemerin in Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease: A Literature Review of Its Physiology and Pathology from a Nutritional Perspective. Nutrients 2023; 15:2878. [PMID: 37447205 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemerin is a novel adipokine that plays a major role in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism. It also induces inflammation and affects insulin signaling, steroidogenesis and thermogenesis. Consequently, it likely contributes to a variety of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension and pre-eclampsia. This review describes its origin and receptors, as well as its role in various diseases, and subsequently summarizes how nutrition affects its levels. It concludes that vitamin A, fat, glucose and alcohol generally upregulate chemerin, while omega-3, salt and vitamin D suppress it. Dietary measures rather than drugs acting as chemerin receptor antagonists might become a novel tool to suppress chemerin effects, thereby potentially improving the aforementioned diseases. However, more detailed studies are required to fully understand chemerin regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunbo Tan
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xifeng Lu
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Verdonk
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Rein-Fischboeck L, Pohl R, Haberl EM, Mages W, Girke P, Liebisch G, Krautbauer S, Buechler C. Lower adiposity does not protect beta-2 syntrophin null mice from hepatic steatosis and inflammation in experimental non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Gene 2023; 859:147209. [PMID: 36681100 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Visceral adiposity is strongly associated with liver steatosis, which predisposes to the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Mice with loss of the molecular adapter protein beta-2 syntrophin (SNTB2) have greatly reduced intra-abdominal fat mass. Hepatic expression of proteins with a role in fatty acid metabolism such as fatty acid synthase was nevertheless normal. This was also the case for proteins regulating cholesterol synthesis and uptake. Yet, a slight induction of hepatic cholesterol was noticed in the mutant mice. When mice were fed a methionine choline deficient (MCD) diet to induce NASH, liver cholesteryl ester content was induced in the wild type but not the mutant mice. Serum cholesterol of the mice fed a MCD diet declined and this was significant for the SNTB2 null mice. Though the mutant mice lost less fat mass than the wild type animals, hepatic triglyceride levels were similar between the groups. Proteins involved in fatty acid or cholesterol metabolism such as fatty acid synthase, apolipoprotein E and low-density lipoprotein receptor did not differ between the genotypes. Hepatic oxidative stress and liver inflammation of mutant and wild type mice were comparable. Mutant mice had lower hepatic levels of secondary bile acids and higher cholesterol storage in epididymal fat, and this may partly prevent hepatic cholesterol deposition. In summary, the current study shows that SNTB2 null mice have low intra-abdominal fat mass and do not accumulate hepatic cholesteryl esters when fed a MCD diet. Nevertheless, the SNTB2 null mice develop a similar NASH pathology as wild type mice suggesting a minor role of intra-abdominal fat and liver cholesteryl esters in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Rein-Fischboeck
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rebekka Pohl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth M Haberl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Mages
- Department of Genetics, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Girke
- Department of Genetics, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Krautbauer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Negi C, Gadara D, Kohoutek J, Bajard L, Spáčil Z, Blaha L. Replacement Flame-Retardant 2-Ethylhexyldiphenyl Phosphate (EHDPP) Disrupts Hepatic Lipidome: Evidence from Human 3D Hepatospheroid Cell Culture. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:2006-2018. [PMID: 36693630 PMCID: PMC9910051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate the effects of repeated exposure to 2-ethylhexyldiphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) on human liver cells. In vitro three-dimensional (3D) hepatospheroid cell culture was utilized to explore the potential mechanisms of EHDPP-mediated metabolic disruption through morphological, transcriptional, and biochemical assays. Lipidomics analysis was performed on the individual hepatospheroids to investigate the effects on intracellular lipid profiles, followed by hepatospheroid morphology, growth, functional parameters, and cytotoxicity evaluation. The possible mechanisms were delineated using the gene-level analysis by assessing the expression of key genes encoding for hepatic lipid metabolism. We revealed that exposure to EHDPP at 1 and 10 μM for 7 days alters the lipid profile of human 3D hepatospheroids. Dysregulation in several lipid classes, including sterol lipids (cholesterol esters), sphingolipids (dihydroceramide, hexosylceramide, ceramide, sphingomyelin), glycerolipids (triglycerides), glycerophospholipids, and fatty acyls, was noted along with alteration in genes including ACAT1, ACAT2, CYP27A1, ABCA1, GPAT2, PNPLA2, PGC1α, and Nrf2. Our study brings a novel insight into the metabolic disrupting effects of EHDPP and demonstrates the utility of hepatospheroids as an in vitro cell culture model complemented with omics technology (e.g., lipidomics) for mechanistic toxicity studies.
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Jansakun C, Chunglok W, Altamura S, Muckenthaler M, Staffer S, Tuma-Kellner S, Merle U, Chamulitrat W. Myeloid- and hepatocyte-specific deletion of group VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A2 leads to dichotomous opposing phenotypes during MCD diet-induced NASH. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166590. [PMID: 36334837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms of phospholipase A2VIA (iPLA2β or PLA2G6) are associated with body weights and blood C-reactive protein. The role of iPLA2β/PLA2G6 in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is still elusive because female iPla2β-null mice showed attenuated hepatic steatosis but exacerbated hepatic fibrosis after feeding with methionine- and choline-deficient diet (MCDD). Herein, female mice with myeloid- (MPla2g6-/-) and hepatocyte- (LPla2g6-/-) specific PLA2G6 deletion were generated and phenotyped after MCDD feeding. Without any effects on hepatic steatosis, MCDD-fed MPla2g6-/- mice showed further exaggeration of liver inflammation and fibrosis as well as elevation of plasma TNFα, CCL2, and circulating monocytes. Bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from MPla2g6-/- mice displayed upregulation of PPARγ and CEBPα proteins, and elevated release of IL6 and CXCL1 under LPS stimulation. LPS-stimulated BMDMs from MCDD-fed MPla2g6-/- mice showed suppressed expression of M1 Tnfa and Il6, but marked upregulation of M2 Arg1, Chil3, IL10, and IL13 as well as chemokine receptors Ccr2 and Ccr5. This in vitro shift was associated with exaggeration of hepatic M1/M2 cytokines, chemokines/chemokine receptors, and fibrosis genes. Contrarily, MCDD-fed LPla2g6-/- mice showed a complete protection which was associated with upregulation of Ppara/PPARα and attenuated expression of Pparg/PPARγ, fatty-acid uptake, triglyceride synthesis, and de novo lipogenesis genes. Interestingly, LPla2g6-/- mice fed with chow or MCDD displayed an attenuation of blood monocytes and elevation of anti-inflammatory lipoxin A4 in plasma and liver. Thus, PLA2G6 inactivation specifically in myeloid cells and hepatocytes led to opposing phenotypes in female mice undergoing NASH. Hepatocyte-specific PLA2G6 inhibitors may be further developed for treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutima Jansakun
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Warangkana Chunglok
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Sandro Altamura
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Muckenthaler
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simone Staffer
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Tuma-Kellner
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uta Merle
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walee Chamulitrat
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Chen L, Liu Y, Mu H, Li H, Liu S, Zhu M, Bu Y, Wu B. Effects of perfluorobutane sulfonate and perfluorooctane sulfonate on lipid homeostasis in mouse liver. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 315:120403. [PMID: 36228861 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), an alternative to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), has been increasingly used in recent years. However, emerging evidence has raised concerns about the potential health risks of PFBS. Here, the toxicityof low-dose PFBS on livers was explored and compared with that of PFOS. Adult C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 10 μg/L, 500 μg/L PFBS, or 500 μg/L PFOS for 28 days through drinking water. At the phenotypic level, no liver damage was observed in the 10 μg/L PFBS group. The cell apoptosis and decrease of CAT activities were observed in the 500 μg/L PFBS group, while accumulation of lipid droplets, increase of CAT activities and TAG levels were found in the 500 μg/L PFOS group. Lipidomics analysis revealed that 138, 238, and 310 lipids were significantly changed in the 10 μg/L, 500 μg/L PFBS and 500 μg/L PFOS groups, respectively. The two PFBS-treated groups induced similar global lipid changes in a dose-dependent manner, which were distinct from PFOS. Overall, PFBS exposure induced an increase in phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins, but a decrease in phosphatidylinositol. PFOS exposure caused an increase in triacylglycerols. This study provides more evidence on the health hazards caused by exposure to low-dose PFBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yafeng Liu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Hongxin Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Su Liu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China; School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yuanqing Bu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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Pohl R, Eichelberger L, Feder S, Haberl EM, Rein-Fischboeck L, McMullen N, Sinal CJ, Bruckmann A, Weiss TS, Beck M, Höring M, Krautbauer S, Liebisch G, Wiest R, Wanninger J, Buechler C. Hepatocyte expressed chemerin-156 does not protect from experimental non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2059-2071. [PMID: 35449483 PMCID: PMC9237010 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04430-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a rapidly growing liver disease. The chemoattractant chemerin is abundant in hepatocytes, and hepatocyte expressed prochemerin protected from NASH. Prochemerin is inactive and different active isoforms have been described. Here, the effect of hepatocyte expressed muChem-156, a highly active murine chemerin isoform, was studied in the methionine–choline deficient dietary model of NASH. Mice overexpressing muChem-156 had higher hepatic chemerin protein. Serum chemerin levels and the capability of serum to activate the chemerin receptors was unchanged showing that the liver did not release active chemerin. Notably, activation of the chemerin receptors by hepatic vein blood did not increase in parallel to total chemerin protein in patients with liver cirrhosis. In experimental NASH, muChem-156 had no effect on liver lipids. Accordingly, overexpression of active chemerin in hepatocytes or treatment of hepatocytes with recombinant chemerin did not affect cellular triglyceride and cholesterol levels. Importantly, overexpression of muChem-156 in the murine liver did not change the hepatic expression of inflammatory and profibrotic genes. The downstream targets of chemerin such as p38 kinase were neither activated in the liver of muChem-156 producing mice nor in HepG2, Huh7 and Hepa1-6 cells overexpressing this isoform. Recombinant chemerin had no effect on global gene expression of primary human hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells within 24 h of incubation. Phosphorylation of p38 kinase was, however, increased upon short-time incubation of HepG2 cells with chemerin. These findings show that muChem-156 overexpression in hepatocytes does not protect from liver steatosis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Pohl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Laura Eichelberger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Feder
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth M Haberl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Rein-Fischboeck
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nichole McMullen
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Christopher J Sinal
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Astrid Bruckmann
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BZR), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas S Weiss
- Children's University Hospital (KUNO), Regensburg University Hospital, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Beck
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Höring
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Krautbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Reiner Wiest
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University Inselspital, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Josef Wanninger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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Köhler N, Höring M, Czepukojc B, Rose TD, Buechler C, Kröhler T, Haybaeck J, Liebisch G, Pauling JK, Kessler SM, Kiemer AK. Kupffer cells are protective in alcoholic steatosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166398. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tanase DM, Gosav EM, Petrov D, Jucan AE, Lacatusu CM, Floria M, Tarniceriu CC, Costea CF, Ciocoiu M, Rezus C. Involvement of Ceramides in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Atherosclerosis (ATS) Development: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:2053. [PMID: 34829402 PMCID: PMC8621166 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11112053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and atherosclerosis (ATS) are worldwide known diseases with increased incidence and prevalence. These two are driven and are interconnected by multiple oxidative and metabolic functions such as lipotoxicity. A gamut of evidence suggests that sphingolipids (SL), such as ceramides, account for much of the tissue damage. Although in humans they are proving to be accurate biomarkers of adverse cardiovascular disease outcomes and NAFLD progression, in rodents, pharmacological inhibition or depletion of enzymes driving de novo ceramide synthesis prevents the development of metabolic driven diseases such as diabetes, ATS, and hepatic steatosis. In this narrative review, we discuss the pathways which generate the ceramide synthesis, the potential use of circulating ceramides as novel biomarkers in the development and progression of ATS and related diseases, and their potential use as therapeutic targets in NAFDL-ATS development which can further provide new clues in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Maria Tanase
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (E.M.G.); (C.R.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Evelina Maria Gosav
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (E.M.G.); (C.R.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Daniela Petrov
- Department of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- I Rheumatology Clinic, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alina Ecaterina Jucan
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Mihaela Lacatusu
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mariana Floria
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (E.M.G.); (C.R.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, Emergency Military Clinical Hospital Iasi, 700483 Iasi, Romania
| | - Claudia Cristina Tarniceriu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I, Discipline of Anatomy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Hematology Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Claudia Florida Costea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- 2nd Ophthalmology Clinic, “Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Manuela Ciocoiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Ciprian Rezus
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (E.M.G.); (C.R.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
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Effects of Ethanol Feeding in Early-Stage NAFLD Mice Induced by Western Diet. LIVERS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/livers1010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of metabolic liver diseases is increasing and approved pharmacological treatments are still missing. Many animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) show a full spectrum of fibrosis, inflammation and steatosis, which does not reflect the human situation since only up to one third of the patients develop fibrosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Methods: Seven week old C57Bl/J mice were treated with ethanol, Western diet (WD) or both. The animals’ liver phenotypes were determined through histology, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, hepatic triglyceride content and gene expression levels. In a human cohort of 80 patients stratified by current alcohol misuse and body mass index, liver histology and gene expression analysis were performed. Results: WD diet and ethanol-treated animals showed severe steatosis, with high hepatic triglyceride content and upregulation of fatty acid synthesis. Mild fibrosis was revealed using Sirius-red stains and gene expression levels of collagen. Inflammation was detected using histology, immunohistochemistry and upregulation of proinflammatory genes. The human cohort of obese drinkers showed similar upregulation in genes related to steatosis, fibrosis and inflammation. Conclusions: We provide a novel murine model for early-stage fatty liver disease suitable for drug testing and investigation of pathophysiology.
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Haberl EM, Pohl R, Rein-Fischboeck L, Höring M, Krautbauer S, Liebisch G, Buechler C. Hepatic lipid profile in mice fed a choline-deficient, low-methionine diet resembles human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:250. [PMID: 33298075 PMCID: PMC7727224 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01425-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging data support a role for lipids in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in humans. With experimental models such data can be challenged or validated. Mice fed a low-methionine, choline-deficient (LMCD) diet develop NASH and, when injected with diethylnitrosamine (DEN), HCC. Here, lipidomic analysis was used to elucidate whether the NASH and HCC associated lipid derangements resemble the lipid profile of the human disease. METHODS Lipids were measured in the liver of mice fed a control or a LMCD diet for 16 weeks. DEN was injected at young age to initiate hepatocarcinogenesis. DEN treatment associated changes of the lipid composition and the tumor lipidome were evaluated. RESULTS LMCD diet fed mice accumulated ceramides and triacylglycerols in the liver. Phospholipids enriched with monounsaturated fatty acids were also increased, whereas hepatic cholesterol levels remained unchanged in the LMCD model. Phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine concentrations declined in the liver of LMCD diet fed mice. The changes of most lipids associated with LMCD diet feeding were similar between water and DEN injected mice. Several polyunsaturated (PU) diacylglycerol species were already low in the liver of DEN injected mice fed the control diet. Tumors developed in the liver of LMCD diet fed mice injected with DEN. The tumor specific lipid profile, however, did not resemble the decrease of ceramides and PU phospholipids, which was consistently described in human HCC. Triacylglycerols declined in the cancer tissues, which is in accordance with a low expression of lipogenic enzymes in the tumors. CONCLUSIONS The LMCD model is suitable to study NASH associated lipid reprogramming. Hepatic lipid profile was modestly modified in the DEN injected mice suggesting a function of these derangements in carcinogenesis. Lipid composition of liver tumors did not resemble the human HCC lipidome, and most notably, lipogenesis and triacylglycerol levels were suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M Haberl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rebekka Pohl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Rein-Fischboeck
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Höring
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Krautbauer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany.
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