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Graybeal AJ, Brandner CF, Stavres J. Conflicting Associations among Bioelectrical Impedance and Cardiometabolic Health Parameters in Young White and Black Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:418-426. [PMID: 37882087 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this cross-sectional evaluation was to determine the associations between raw bioelectrical impedance and cardiometabolic health parameters in a sample of young non-Hispanic White and African American adults. METHODS A total of 96 (female: 52, male: 44) non-Hispanic White ( n = 45) and African American adults ( n = 51) between the ages of 19 and 37 yr (22.7 ± 3.83 yr) completed several fasted assessments including resting systolic blood pressure (rSBP), blood glucose (FBG), blood lipids, and bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy. Bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy-derived measurements included phase angle, bioimpedance index (BI), impedance ratio (IR), reactance index (XCi), fat-free mass (FFM), FFM index (FFMi), and absolute (a) and relative (%) total body water (TBW) and extracellular (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF). All bioelectric variables were collected at 50 kHz other than IR (250 kHz/5 kHz). Multiple regressions were conducted and adjusted for sex, age, and body mass index. RESULTS rSBP was positively, and HDL was inversely, associated with all bioelectrical impedance and absolute hydration variables (all P ≤ 0.050) other than XCi for rSBP and XCi and FFMi for HDL. rSBP ( P < 0.001) was inversely, and HDL ( P = 0.034) was positively, associated with IR. FBG was positively associated with BI, XCi, FFM, TBWa, and ECFa (all P < 0.050). Metabolic syndrome severity was positively associated with BI, FFM, TBWa, and ECFa for women (all P ≤ 0.050) and with ICFa for African American women ( P = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS Given the rapid increase in the prevalence of cardiometabolic health risks among young adults and the broad use of bioelectrical impedance in practice, the conflicting associations we observed in this age group suggest that bioelectrical impedance parameters should be used with caution in the context of cardiometabolic health risks and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin J Graybeal
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS
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Chen T, Wu S, Feng L, Long S, Liu Y, Lu W, Chen W, Hong G, Zhou L, Wang F, Luo Y, Zou H. The Association of HDL2b with Metabolic Syndrome Among Normal HDL-C Populations in Southern China. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:363-377. [PMID: 38288339 PMCID: PMC10822767 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s446859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The annual prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing. Therefore, early screening and recognition of MetS are critical. This study aimed to evaluate the association between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses and MetS and to examine whether they could serve as early indicators in a Chinese community-based population with normal high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Methods We used microfluidic chip technology to measure HDL subclasses in 463 people with normal HDL levels in 2018. We assessed how HDL subclasses correlated with and predicted insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MetS), evaluated by homeostatic model insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and the 2009 International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the American Heart Association (AHA), and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) criteria, respectively. We used correlation tests and ROC curves for the analysis. Results The results indicate that there was a negative association between HDL2b% and the risk of IR and MetS in both sexes. Subjects in the highest quartile of HDL2b% had a significantly lower prevalence of IR and MetS than those in the lowest quartile (P<0.01). Correlation analysis between HDL2b% and metabolic risk factors showed that HDL2b% had a stronger association with these factors than HDL-C did in both sexes. ROC curve analysis also showed that HDL2b% had significant diagnostic value for IR and MetS compared to other lipid indicators. Conclusion This study showed that MetS alters the distribution of HDL subclasses even when HDL-C levels are within the normal range. HDL-2b% has better diagnostic value for IR and MetS than HDL-C alone and may be a useful marker for early screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- Department of Nephrology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiquan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - SiYu Long
- Department of Nephrology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - WenQian Lu
- Department of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenya Chen
- Department of Nephrology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoai Hong
- Department of Nephrology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuechan Luo
- Department of Nephrology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hequn Zou
- Department of Nephrology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
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Cortés-Rodríguez M, Galindo-Villardón P, Sánchez-Barba M, Jarauta-Bragulat E, Urchaga-Litago JD. Analysis of Psychological Well-Being from a Compositional Data Analysis Perspective: A New Approach. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:926. [PMID: 37998673 PMCID: PMC10669479 DOI: 10.3390/bs13110926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Well-being is a widely studied construct in psychology. In 1989, Carol Ryff proposed the "Scale of Psychological Well-Being (SPWB)", which has been validated in multiple languages. The instrument assesses six dimensions of psychological well-being: Self-acceptance, Positive Relationships with Others, Autonomy, Environmental Mastery, Purpose in Life, and Personal Growth. In this article, we propose to enrich the traditional approach of directly interpreting the raw scores in each dimension by incorporating Compositional Data Analysis. This new approach aims to identify "what proportion" of each dimension constitutes well-being, which will allow us to analyze the interactions between the different dimensions of well-being and balance among them. To achieve this, we introduce two position ratios (PR1 and PR2) and a general adjustment indicator called the General Indicator of Subjective Psychological Well-Being (GISPW), which characterizes individuals in a compositional manner, providing a fresh perspective in the interpretation of psychological test results, specifically those related to PWB. The proposal is illustrated with three cases taken from a study involving 628 university students who completed the psychological well-being scale questionnaire. The results show that the GISPW, PR1, and PR2 obtained offer relevant information about the overall balance of each case in the different dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cortés-Rodríguez
- Department of Statistics, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (P.G.-V.); (M.S.-B.)
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Departament of Psychology, Pontifical University of Comillas, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Purificación Galindo-Villardón
- Department of Statistics, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (P.G.-V.); (M.S.-B.)
- Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones Estadísticas, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL), Campus Gustavo Galindo, Guayaquil 090112, Ecuador
- Centro de Estudios Estadísticos, Universidad Estatal de Milagro, Milagro 091050, Ecuador
| | - Mercedes Sánchez-Barba
- Department of Statistics, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (P.G.-V.); (M.S.-B.)
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eusebi Jarauta-Bragulat
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Campus, Technical University of Catalonia, 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
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Hur HJ, Yang HJ, Kim MJ, Lee K, Jang DJ, Kim MS, Park S. Interaction of energy and sulfur microbial diet and smoking status with polygenic variants associated with lipoprotein metabolism. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1244185. [PMID: 37860035 PMCID: PMC10582641 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1244185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hypo-high-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia (hypo-HDL-C) contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases. The hypothesis that the polygenic variants associated with hypo-HDL-C interact with lifestyle factors was examined in 58,701 middle-aged Korean adults who participated in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). Methods Participants were categorized into the Low-HDL (case; n = 16,980) and Normal-HDL (n = 41,721) groups. The participants in the Low-HDL group were selected using the guideline-based cutoffs for hypo-HDL-C (<40 mg/dL for men and < 50 mg/dL for women) and included those taking medication for dyslipidemia. The genes associated with hypo-HDL-C were determined through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a city hospital-based cohort, and the results were validated in the Ansan/Anung study. The genetic variants for the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-SNP interaction were selected using a generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis, and the polygenic risk score (PRS) generated was evaluated for interaction with lifestyle parameters. Results The participants with hypo-HDL-C showed a 1.45 and 1.36-fold higher association with myocardial infarction and stroke, respectively. The High-PRS with four SNPs, namely ZPR1_rs3741297, CETP_rs708272, BUD13_rs180327, and ALDH1A2_rs588136, and that with the 11q23.3 haplotype were positively associated with hypo-HDL-C by about 3 times, which was a 2.4-fold higher association than the PRS of 24 SNP with p < 5×10-8. The risk alleles of CETP_rs708272 and ALDH1A2_rs588136 were linked to increased expression in the heart and decreased in the brain, respectively. The selected SNPs were linked to the reverse cholesterol transport pathway, triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle remodeling pathway, cholesterol storage, and macrophage-derived foam cell differentiation regulation. The PRS of the 4-SNP model interacted with energy intake and smoking status, while that of the haplotype interacted with a glycemic index of the diet, sulfur microbial diet, and smoking status. Discussion Adults with a genetic risk for hypo-HDL-C need to modulate their diet and smoking status to reduce their risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeng Jeon Hur
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Yang
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunhee Lee
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai Ja Jang
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Sunny Kim
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity, Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan-si, Republic of Korea
- R&D, Yejunbio, Asan-si, Republic of Korea
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Berkowitz L, Salazar C, Ryff CD, Coe CL, Rigotti A. Serum sphingolipid profiling as a novel biomarker for metabolic syndrome characterization. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1092331. [PMID: 36578837 PMCID: PMC9791223 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1092331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sphingolipids are components of cell membrane structure, but also circulate in serum and are essential mediators of many cellular functions. While ceramides have been proposed previously as a useful biomarker for cardiometabolic disease, the involvement of other sphingolipids is still controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the cross-sectional association between blood sphingolipidomic profiles and metabolic syndrome (MetS) as well as other atherosclerotic risk factors in a large population-based study in the U.S. Methods Clinical data and serum sphingolipidomic profiling from 2,063 subjects who participated in the biomarker project of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study were used. Results Consistent with previous reports, we found a positive association between most ceramide levels and obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, impaired glucose metabolism, and MetS prevalence. In contrast, most simple β-glycosphingolipids (i.e., hexosylceramides and lactosylceramides) were inversely associated with dysmetabolic biomarkers. However, this latter sphingolipid class showed a positive link with inflammatory and vascular damage-associated biomarkers in subjects with MetS. Through metabolic network analysis, we found that the relationship between ceramides and simple β-glycosphingolipids differed significantly not only according to MetS status, but also with respect to the participants' C-reactive protein levels. Conclusion Our findings suggest that a comprehensive sphingolipid profile is more informative about MetS than ceramides alone, and it may reveal new insights into the pathophysiology and further diabetic vs. cardiovascular risk in patients with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loni Berkowitz
- Center of Molecular Nutrition and Chronic Diseases, Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile,*Correspondence: Loni Berkowitz
| | - Cristian Salazar
- Center of Molecular Nutrition and Chronic Diseases, Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carol D. Ryff
- Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Christopher L. Coe
- Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Attilio Rigotti
- Center of Molecular Nutrition and Chronic Diseases, Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Dietrich E, Jomard A, Osto E. Crosstalk between high-density lipoproteins and endothelial cells in health and disease: Insights into sex-dependent modulation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:989428. [PMID: 36304545 PMCID: PMC9594152 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.989428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Intense research in vascular biology has advanced our knowledge of molecular mechanisms of its onset and progression until complications; however, several aspects of the patho-physiology of atherosclerosis remain to be further elucidated. Endothelial cell homeostasis is fundamental to prevent atherosclerosis as the appearance of endothelial cell dysfunction is considered the first pro-atherosclerotic vascular modification. Physiologically, high density lipoproteins (HDLs) exert protective actions for vessels and in particular for ECs. Indeed, HDLs promote endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation, contribute to the regulation of vascular lipid metabolism, and have immune-modulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. Sex- and gender-dependent differences are increasingly recognized as important, although not fully elucidated, factors in cardiovascular health and disease patho-physiology. In this review, we highlight the importance of sex hormones and sex-specific gene expression in the regulation of HDL and EC cross-talk and their contribution to cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Dietrich
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anne Jomard
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elena Osto
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Cui Z, Chen H, Lu W, Wang P, Zhou Z, Zhang N, Wang Z, Lin T, Song Y, Liu L, Huang X, Chen P, Tang G, Gao J, Duan Y, Wang B, Zhang H, Xu X, Yang Y, Qin X, Meng H. The Association Between Plasma Copper Concentration and Prevalence of Diabetes in Chinese Adults With Hypertension. Front Public Health 2022; 10:888219. [PMID: 35747779 PMCID: PMC9210921 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.888219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The relationship between plasma copper concentration and prevalence of diabetes in adults with hypertension is unclear. We aimed to determine the association between plasma copper concentration and prevalence of diabetes in Chinese adults with hypertension. Methods A total of 2,579 participants (697 cases and 1,882 controls) was included in this cross-sectional study. Plasma copper concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to determine the association between plasma copper concentration and prevalence of diabetes. Results According to the logistic regression analyses, the adjusted OR for the prevalence of diabetes in participants with plasma copper concentration ≥109.4 μg/dL was 1.26 (1.00, 1.58) compared with those with plasma copper concentration <109.4 μg/dL (P = 0.048). The association was no longer significant following further adjusting for serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration as a potential confounder. Stratified analyses demonstrated that serum HDL-C concentration significantly modified the association between plasma copper concentration and prevalence of diabetes (P-interaction = 0.043). In the strata of serum HDL-C concentration ≥1.2 mmol/L, a 56% increased prevalence of diabetes was observed in participants with plasma copper concentration ≥109.4 μg/dL compared with those with plasma copper concentration <109.4 μg/dL (P = 0.008). No significant relationship between plasma copper concentration and prevalence of diabetes was found in other strata. Conclusion Our findings suggested that high plasma copper concentration (≥109.4 μg/dL) was associated with increased prevalence of diabetes in Chinese hypertensive adults with serum HDL-C concentration ≥1.2 mmol/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Cui
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenhai Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Pingdi Center for Public Health Service of Longgang District Shenzhen Municipality, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ziyi Zhou
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Clinical Research, Shenzhen Evergreen Medical Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Sciences and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tengfei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Sciences and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun Song
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Sciences and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lishun Liu
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Clinical Research, Shenzhen Evergreen Medical Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Genfu Tang
- School of Heath Administration, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Juan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Yong Duan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Binyan Wang
- Department of Clinical Research, Shenzhen Evergreen Medical Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Sciences and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Sciences and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianhui Qin
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huicui Meng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, China
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