1
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Han JP, Nam YR, Chung HY, Lee H, Yeom SC. Polyphenol-Enabled 2D Nanopatch for Enhanced Nasal Mucoadhesion and Immune Activation. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:10380-10387. [PMID: 39120059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c03228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The advancement of effective nasal mucoadhesive delivery faces challenges due to rapid mucociliary clearance (MCC). Conventional studies have employed mucoadhesive materials, mainly forming spherical nanoparticles, but these offer limited adhesion to the nasal mucosa. This study hypothesizes that a 2D nanoscale structure utilizing adhesive polyphenols can provide a superior strategy for countering MCC, aligning with the planar mucosal layers. We explore the use of tannic acid (TA), a polyphenolic molecule known for its adhesive properties and ability to form complexes with biomolecules. Our study introduces an unprecedented 2D nanopatch, assembled through the interaction of TA with green fluorescent protein (GFP), and cell-penetrating peptide (CPP). This 2D nanopatch demonstrates robust adhesion to nasal mucosa and significantly enhances immunoglobulin A secretions, suggesting its potential for enhancing nasal vaccine delivery. The promise of a polyphenol-enabled adhesive 2D nanopatch signifies a pivotal shift from conventional spherical nanoparticles, opening new pathways for delivery strategies through respiratory mucoadhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Pil Han
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Ri Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yoon Chung
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeshin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Cheong Yeom
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon 25354, Republic of Korea
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2
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Gonzalez Solveyra E, Perez Sirkin YA, Tagliazucchi M, Szleifer I. Orientational Pathways during Protein Translocation through Polymer-Modified Nanopores. ACS NANO 2024; 18:10427-10438. [PMID: 38556978 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Protein translocation through nanopores holds significant promise for applications in biotechnology, biomolecular analysis, and medicine. However, the interpretation of signals generated by the translocation of the protein remains challenging. In this way, it is crucial to gain a comprehensive understanding on how macromolecules translocate through a nanopore and to identify what are the critical parameters that govern the process. In this study, we investigate the interplay between protein charge regulation, orientation, and nanopore surface modifications using a theoretical framework that allows us to explicitly take into account the acid-base reactions of the titrable amino acids in the proteins and in the polyelectrolytes grafted to the nanopore surface. Our goal is to thoroughly characterize the translocation process of different proteins (GFP, β-lactoglobulin, lysozyme, and RNase) through nanopores modified with weak polyacids. Our calculations show that the charge regulation mechanism exerts a profound effect on the translocation process. The pH-dependent interactions between proteins and charged polymers within the nanopore lead to diverse free energy landscapes with barriers, wells, and flat regions dictating translocation efficiency. Comparison of different proteins allows us to identify the significance of protein isoelectric point, size, and morphology in the translocation behavior. Taking advantage of these insights, we propose pH-responsive nanopores that can load proteins at one pH and release them at another, offering opportunities for controlled protein delivery, separation, and sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Gonzalez Solveyra
- Instituto de Nanosistemas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín-CONICET, San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650, Argentina
| | - Yamila A Perez Sirkin
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica Analítica y Química Física y CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Química de los Materiales, Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE). Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mario Tagliazucchi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica Analítica y Química Física y CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Química de los Materiales, Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE). Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Igal Szleifer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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3
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Maxted G, Estrela P, Moschou D. Employing electrochemically derived pH gradients for Lab-on-PCB protein preconcentration devices. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:10. [PMID: 38261896 PMCID: PMC10796359 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00638-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Protein preconcentration is an essential sample preparation step for analysis in which the targeted proteins exist in low concentrations, such as bodily fluids, water, or wastewater. Nonetheless, very few practical implementations of miniaturized protein preconcentration devices have been demonstrated in practice, and even fewer have been integrated with other microanalytical steps. Existing approaches rely heavily on additional chemicals and reagents and introduce complexity to the overall assay. In this paper, we propose a novel miniaturized isoelectric focusing-based protein preconcentration screening device based on electrochemically derived pH gradients rather than existing chemical reagent approaches. In this way, we reduce the need for additional chemical reagents to zero while enabling device incorporation in a seamlessly integrated full protein analysis microsystem via Lab-on-PCB technology. We apply our previously presented Lab-on-PCB approach to quantitatively control the pH of a solution in the vicinity of planar electrodes using electrochemical acid generation through redox-active self-assembled monolayers. The presented device comprises a printed circuit board with an array of gold electrodes that were functionalized with 4-aminothiophenol; this formed a self-assembled monolayer that was electropolymerized to improve its electrochemical reversibility. Protein preconcentration was performed in two configurations. The first was open and needed the use of a holder to suspend a well of fluid above the electrodes; the second used microfluidic channels to enclose small volumes of fluid. Reported here are the resulting data for protein preconcentration in both these forms, with a quantitative concentration factor shown for the open form and qualitative proof shown for the microfluidic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Maxted
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biomedical Technologies (CBio), University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
| | - Pedro Estrela
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biomedical Technologies (CBio), University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
| | - Despina Moschou
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biomedical Technologies (CBio), University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
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4
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Esmaeili Bidhendi M, Parandi E, Mahmoudi Meymand M, Sereshti H, Rashidi Nodeh H, Joo SW, Vasseghian Y, Mahmoudi Khatir N, Rezania S. Removal of lead ions from wastewater using magnesium sulfide nanoparticles caged alginate microbeads. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114416. [PMID: 36181897 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an adsorbent made of alginate (Alg) caged magnesium sulfide nanoparticles (MgS) microbeads were used to treat lead ions (Pb2+ ions). The MgS nanoparticles were synthesized at low temperatures, and Alg@MgS hydrogel microbeads were made by the ion exchange process of the composite materials. The newly fabricated Alg@MgS was characterized by XRD, SEM, and FT-IR. The adsorption conditions were optimized for the maximum removal of Pb2+ ions by adjusting several physicochemical parameters, including pH, initial concentration of lead ions, Alg/MgS dosage, reaction temperature, equilibration time, and the presence of co-ions. This is accomplished by removing the maximum amount of Pb2+ ions. Moreover, the adsorbent utilized more than six times with a substantial amount (not less than 60%) of Pb2+ ions was eliminated. Considering the ability of sodium alginate (SA) for excellent metal chelation and controlled nanosized pore structure, the adsorption equilibrium of Alg@MgS can be reached in 60 min, and the highest adsorption capacity for Pb2+ was 84.7 mg/g. The sorption mechanism was explored by employing several isotherms. It was found that the Freundlich model fits the adsorption process quite accurately. The pseudo-second-order model adequately described the adsorption kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Esmaeili Bidhendi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Parandi
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran; Food Technology and Agricultural Products Research Center, Standard Research Institute (SRI), Karaj, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Mahmoudi Meymand
- Food Technology and Agricultural Products Research Center, Standard Research Institute (SRI), Karaj, Iran
| | - Hassan Sereshti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Rashidi Nodeh
- Food Technology and Agricultural Products Research Center, Standard Research Institute (SRI), Karaj, Iran
| | - Sang-Woo Joo
- Department of Chemistry, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, South Korea
| | - Yasser Vasseghian
- Department of Chemistry, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, South Korea; Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Nadia Mahmoudi Khatir
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahabaldin Rezania
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea.
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5
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Chauhan A, Alam MA, Kaur A, Malviya R. Advancements and Utilizations of Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:13-40. [PMID: 36221880 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666221011100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The drug development process requires a thorough understanding of the scaffold and its three-dimensional structure. Scaffolding is a technique for tissue engineering and the formation of contemporary functioning tissues. Tissue engineering is sometimes referred to as regenerative medicine. They also ensure that drugs are delivered with precision. Information regarding scaffolding techniques, scaffolding kinds, and other relevant facts, such as 3D nanostructuring, are discussed in depth in this literature. They are specific and demonstrate localized action for a specific reason. Scaffold's acquisition nature and flexibility make it a new drug delivery technology with good availability and structural parameter management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Md Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Awaneet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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6
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Ghulam AN, dos Santos OAL, Hazeem L, Pizzorno Backx B, Bououdina M, Bellucci S. Graphene Oxide (GO) Materials-Applications and Toxicity on Living Organisms and Environment. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13020077. [PMID: 35735932 PMCID: PMC9224660 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13020077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene-based materials have attracted much attention due to their fascinating properties such as hydrophilicity, high dispersion in aqueous media, robust size, high biocompatibility, and surface functionalization ability due to the presence of functional groups and interactions with biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acid. Modified methods were developed for safe, direct, inexpensive, and eco-friendly synthesis. However, toxicity to the environment and animal health has been reported, raising concerns about their utilization. This review focuses primarily on the synthesis methods of graphene-based materials already developed and the unique properties that make them so interesting for different applications. Different applications are presented and discussed with particular emphasis on biological fields. Furthermore, antimicrobial potential and the factors that affect this activity are reviewed. Finally, questions related to toxicity to the environment and living organisms are revised by highlighting factors that may interfere with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminah N. Ghulam
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Zallaq P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain; (A.N.G.); (L.H.)
| | - Otávio A. L. dos Santos
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
| | - Layla Hazeem
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Zallaq P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain; (A.N.G.); (L.H.)
| | - Bianca Pizzorno Backx
- Numpex-Bio, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias 25245-390, Brazil;
| | - Mohamed Bououdina
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Stefano Bellucci
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via E. Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy
- Correspondence:
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7
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Tripathi N, Goshisht MK. Recent Advances and Mechanistic Insights into Antibacterial Activity, Antibiofilm Activity, and Cytotoxicity of Silver Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:1391-1463. [PMID: 35358388 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The substantial increase in multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogenic bacteria is a major threat to global health. Recently, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported possibilities of greater deaths due to bacterial infections than cancer. Nanomaterials, especially small-sized (size ≤10 nm) silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), can be employed to combat these deadly bacterial diseases. However, high reactivity, instability, susceptibility to fast oxidation, and cytotoxicity remain crucial shortcomings for their uptake and clinical application. In this review, we discuss various AgNPs-based approaches to eradicate bacterial infections and provide comprehensive mechanistic insights and recent advances in antibacterial activity, antibiofilm activity, and cytotoxicity (both in vitro and in vivo) of AgNPs. The mechanistic of antimicrobial activity involves four steps: (i) adhesion of AgNPs to cell wall/membrane and its disruption; (ii) intracellular penetration and damage; (iii) oxidative stress; and (iv) modulation of signal transduction pathways. Numerous factors affecting the bactericidal activity of AgNPs such as shape, size, crystallinity, pH, and surface coating/charge have also been described in detail. The review also sheds light on antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and the role of AgNPs versus Ag+ ions release in bactericidal activities. In addition, different methods of synthesis of AgNPs have been discussed in brief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Goshisht
- Department of Chemistry, Government Naveen College Tokapal, Bastar, Chhattisgarh 494442, India
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8
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Evaluating the X-ray-Shielding Performance of Graphene-Oxide-Coated Nanocomposite Fabric. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15041441. [PMID: 35207983 PMCID: PMC8875570 DOI: 10.3390/ma15041441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) during diagnostic medical procedures brings certain risks, especially when experiencing recurrent exposures. The fabrication of nano-based composites, doped with different nanoparticles, have been suggested as effective shielding materials to replace conventional lead-based ones in material sciences and nanotechnology. In this study, commercially available fabrics, used to produce scrubs and gowns for clinical staff, are modified utilizing graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles using a layer-by-layer (LBL) technique. GO was obtained from graphite through environmentally friendly technology by using a modified-improved Hummers' method without NaNO3. Lightweight, flexible, air- and water-permeable shielding materials are produced that are wearable in all-day clinical practice. The nanoparticles are kept to a minimum at 1 wt%; however, utilizing the LBL technique they are distributed evenly along the fibers of the fabrics to achieve as much shielding effect as possible. The evaluation of samples is accomplished by simulating real-time routine clinical procedures and the radiographic programs and devices used daily. The GO-coated nanocomposite fabrics demonstrated promising results for X-ray shielding.
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9
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Lemus LR, Azamar-Barrios J, Ortiz-Vazquez E, Quintana-Owen P, Freile-Pelegrín Y, Perera FG, Madera-Santana T. Development and physical characterization of novel bio-nanocomposite films based on reduced graphene oxide, agar and melipona honey. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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10
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Hausig F, Sobotta FH, Richter F, Harz DO, Traeger A, Brendel JC. Correlation between Protonation of Tailor-Made Polypiperazines and Endosomal Escape for Cytosolic Protein Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:35233-35247. [PMID: 34283557 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Responsive polymers, which become protonated at decreasing pH, are considered a milestone in the development of synthetic cell entry vectors. Exact correlations between their properties and their ability to escape the endosome, however, often remain elusive due to hydrophobic interactions or limitations in the design of water-soluble materials with suitable basicity. Here, we present a series of well-defined, hydrophilic polypiperazines, where systematic variation of the amino moiety facilitates an unprecedented fine-tuning of the basicity or pKa value within the physiologically relevant range (pH 6-7.4). Coincubation of HEK 293T cells with various probes, including small fluorophores or functioning proteins, revealed a rapid increase of endosomal release for polymers with pKa values above 6.5 or 7 in serum-free or serum-containing media, respectively. Similarly, cytotoxic effects became severe at increased pKa values (>7). Although the window for effective transport appears narrow, the discovered correlations offer a principal guideline for the design of effective polymers for endosomal escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Hausig
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Fabian H Sobotta
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Friederike Richter
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Dominic O Harz
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Anja Traeger
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes C Brendel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
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11
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Song Z, Lin ES, Zhu J, Ong JW, Abid HA, Uddin MH, Liew OW, Ng TW. Sustained graphene oxide coated superhydrophilicity and superwetting using humidity control. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.126097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Sun T, Li T, Yi K, Yan G, Gao X. Fluorescent Protein Variants Generated by Reassembly between Skeleton and Chromophore. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:2925-2933. [PMID: 33553911 PMCID: PMC7860096 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent proteins (FPs) can be used as intrinsic molecular tags to track the dynamic activity in live cells. To obtain variants in an available and massive manner is always a challenge. Here, we adopted a computer-based microarray synthesis method to realize the reassembly between the chromophore and the skeleton. DNAWorks was used to segment the input FP templates into a set of overlapping oligonucleotides (20-43 mer) with a balanced annealing temperature, G + C content, and codon frequency. The constitution of the chromophore was kept in the same section by switching the divided sites during segmentation and the codon was optimized to further keep the balanced parameters. The designed oligonucleotides were synthesized on photo-programmable microfluidic arrays. Sequence analysis and the subsequent conditional induced expression of FPs revealed that oligonucleotides were highly reassembled. Spectra, photostability, and molecular size detection of randomly selected variants showed that they were distinct monomeric proteins that preserved photoactivity. Our study provides an effective means of obtaining FP variants based on a computer-designed parallel synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Sun
- College
of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277160, China
| | - Tianpeng Li
- College
of Civil and Architecture Engineering, Zaozhuang
University, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277160, China
- School
of the Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
- Shandong
Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Ke Yi
- Laboratory
of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Guoquan Yan
- Bioengineering
Institute, Zhejiang University of Science
and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Xiaolian Gao
- Department
of Biology and Biochemistry, University
of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004-5001, United States
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13
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Dos Santos NV, Saponi CF, Ryan TM, Primo FL, Greaves TL, Pereira JFB. Reversible and irreversible fluorescence activity of the Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein in pH: Insights for the development of pH-biosensors. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:3474-3484. [PMID: 32882278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP) is a biomolecule with intense and natural fluorescence, with biological and medical applications. Although widely used as a biomarker in research, its application as a biosensor is limited by the lack of in-depth knowledge regarding its structure and behavior in adverse conditions. This study is focused on addressing this need by evaluating EGFP activity and structure at different pH using three-dimensional fluorescence, circular dichroism and small-angle X-ray scattering. The focus was on the reversibility of the process to gain insights for the development of biocompatible pH-biosensors. EGFP was highly stable at alkaline pH and quenched from neutral-to-acidic pH. Above pH 6.0, the fluorescence loss was almost completely reversible on return to neutral pH, but only partially reversible from pH 5.0 to 2.0. This work updates the knowledge regarding EGFP behavior in pH by accounting for the recent data on its structure. Hence, it is evident that EGFP presents the required properties for use as natural, biocompatible and environmentally friendly neutral to acidic pH-biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Vieira Dos Santos
- Department of Engineering of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú/Km 01, 14800-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil; School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Carolina Falaschi Saponi
- Department of Engineering of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú/Km 01, 14800-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil; School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Timothy M Ryan
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Fernando L Primo
- Department of Engineering of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú/Km 01, 14800-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Tamar L Greaves
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Jorge F B Pereira
- Department of Engineering of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú/Km 01, 14800-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Univ Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II - Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal.
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14
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Razaghi M, Ramazani A, Khoobi M, Mortezazadeh T, Aksoy EA, Küçükkılınç TT. Highly fluorinated graphene oxide nanosheets for anticancer linoleic-curcumin conjugate delivery and T2-Weighted magnetic resonance imaging: In vitro and in vivo studies. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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15
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Manouchehri M, Seidi S, Rouhollahi A, Noormohammadi H, Shanehsaz M. Micro solid phase extraction of parabens from breast milk samples using Mg-Al layered double hydroxide functionalized partially reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite. Food Chem 2020; 314:126223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Kabiri S, Andelkovic IB, da Silva RC, Degryse F, Baird R, Tavakkoli E, Losic D, McLaughlin MJ. Engineered Phosphate Fertilizers with Dual-Release Properties. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Kabiri
- Fertiliser Technology Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Ivan B. Andelkovic
- Fertiliser Technology Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Rodrigo C. da Silva
- Fertiliser Technology Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Fien Degryse
- Fertiliser Technology Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Roslyn Baird
- Fertiliser Technology Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Ehsan Tavakkoli
- Fertiliser Technology Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Michael J. McLaughlin
- Fertiliser Technology Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
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17
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Evaluation of Graphene Oxide Induced Cellular Toxicity and Transcriptome Analysis in Human Embryonic Kidney Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9070969. [PMID: 31269699 PMCID: PMC6669460 DOI: 10.3390/nano9070969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Graphene, a two-dimensional carbon sheet with single-atom thickness, shows immense promise in several nanoscientific and nanotechnological applications, including in sensors, catalysis, and biomedicine. Although several studies have shown the cytotoxicity of graphene oxide in different cell types, there are no comprehensive studies on human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells that include transcriptomic analysis and an in vitro investigation into the mechanisms of cytotoxicity following exposure to graphene oxide. Therefore, we exposed HEK293 cells to different concentrations of graphene oxide for 24 h and performed several cellular assays. Cell viability and proliferation assays revealed a significant dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on HEK293 cells. Cytotoxicity assays showed increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and decreased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and increased level of oxidized glutathione indicative of oxidative stress. This detailed mechanistic approach showed that graphene oxide exposure elicits significant decreases in mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP synthesis, as well as in DNA damage and caspase 3 activity. Furthermore, our RNA-Seq analysis revealed that HEK293 cells exposed to graphene oxide significantly altered the expression of genes involved in multiple apoptosis-related biological pathways. Moreover, graphene oxide exposure perturbed the expression of key transcription factors, promoting these apoptosis-related pathways by regulating their downstream genes. Our analysis provides mechanistic insights into how exposure to graphene oxide induces changes in cellular responses and massive cell death in HEK293 cells. To our knowledge, this is the first study describing a combination of cellular responses and transcriptome in HEK293 cells exposed to graphene oxide nanoparticles, providing a foundation for understanding the molecular mechanisms of graphene oxide-induced cytotoxicity and for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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18
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Lasocka I, Jastrzębska E, Szulc-Dąbrowska L, Skibniewski M, Pasternak I, Kalbacova MH, Skibniewska EM. The effects of graphene and mesenchymal stem cells in cutaneous wound healing and their putative action mechanism. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:2281-2299. [PMID: 31015759 PMCID: PMC6448540 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s190928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study provides a review of the therapeutic potential of graphene dressing scaffolds and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their synergistic effects with respect to cutaneous wound healing. This study also considers their putative action mechanism based on the antibacterial, immunomodulating, angiogenic, matrix remodeling effects of materials belonging to the graphene family and MSCs during the wound healing process. In addition, this study discusses the cytocompatibility of graphene, its uses as a platform for skin substitutes, the properties it possesses with respect to providing protection against microbial invasion as well as strategies aimed at minimizing the chance of the occurrence of sepsis. MSCs are capable of secreting several factors that exert a therapeutic impact on reparative processes and tissue regeneration. In light of experiments conducted to date, graphene combined with MSCs appears to have the potential to enhance both the wound healing process and infection control at the injury site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Lasocka
- Department of Animal Environment Biology, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Jastrzębska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Szulc-Dąbrowska
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Skibniewski
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland,
| | - Iwona Pasternak
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marie Hubalek Kalbacova
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic,
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic,
| | - Ewa M Skibniewska
- Department of Animal Environment Biology, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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19
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Gorgizadeh M, Azarpira N, Dehdari Veis R, Sattarahmady N. Repression of melanoma tumor in vitro and in vivo by photothermal effect of carbon xerogel nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 176:449-455. [PMID: 30682617 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanosized carbonaceous materials are favorable in biomedicine applications including photothermal therapy (PTT) of cancer. Since conventional strategies of cancer treatment have not responded to this serious disease, development of efficient alternative and promising strategies is highly desirable. In this study, carbon xerogel nanoparticles (CX-NPs) were synthesized as a novel photothermal nanomaterial and activated upon laser light of 808-nm wavelength for cancer phototherapy application. The synthesized CX-NPs had a spherical shape with a size of about 16 nm that showed nice photothermal conversion ability. Upon light irradiation with a power density of 1.0 W cm-2 for 15 min, a temperature increment occurred. A concentration-dependent cytotoxicity was also obtained for CX-NPs toward the C540 (B16/F10) cell line upon light irradiation, while CX-NPs presented biocompatibility in the mice model in dark. Photothermal property of CX-NPs efficiently led to reduction in the cell viability. A low-dose of CX-NPs was also applied in PTT of a melanoma tumor-bearing animal model. Based on tumor histopathological evaluations and volume change measurements in mice, a very good control of tumor situations after PTT by CX-NPs was attained. The findings revealed that CX-NPs is a good and novel photoabsorber for PTT of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gorgizadeh
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - N Azarpira
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - R Dehdari Veis
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - N Sattarahmady
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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20
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Szczepaniak J, Strojny B, Chwalibog ES, Jaworski S, Jagiello J, Winkowska M, Szmidt M, Wierzbicki M, Sosnowska M, Balaban J, Winnicka A, Lipinska L, Pilaszewicz OW, Grodzik M. Effects of Reduced Graphene Oxides on Apoptosis and Cell Cycle of Glioblastoma Multiforme. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123939. [PMID: 30544611 PMCID: PMC6320889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene (GN) and its derivatives (rGOs) show anticancer properties in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells in vitro and in tumors in vivo. We compared the anti-tumor effects of rGOs with different oxygen contents with those of GN, and determined the characteristics of rGOs useful in anti-glioblastoma therapy using the U87 glioblastoma line. GN/ExF, rGO/Term, rGO/ATS, and rGO/TUD were structurally analysed via transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, and AFM. Zeta potential, oxygen content, and electrical resistance were determined. We analyzed the viability, metabolic activity, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cell cycle. Caspase- and mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathways were investigated by analyzing gene expression. rGO/TUD induced the greatest decrease in the metabolic activity of U87 cells. rGO/Term induced the highest level of apoptosis compared with that induced by GN/ExF. rGO/ATS induced a greater decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential than GN/ExF. No significant changes were observed in the cytometric study of the cell cycle. The effectiveness of these graphene derivatives was related to the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups and electron clouds. Their cytotoxicity mechanism may involve electron clouds, which are smaller in rGOs, decreasing their cytotoxic effect. Overall, cytotoxic activity involved depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential and the induction of apoptosis in U87 glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslaw Szczepaniak
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Barbara Strojny
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewa Sawosz Chwalibog
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Slawomir Jaworski
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Jagiello
- Department of Chemical Synthesis and Flake Graphene, Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, 01-919 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Winkowska
- Department of Chemical Synthesis and Flake Graphene, Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, 01-919 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Maciej Szmidt
- Department of Morphologic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Wierzbicki
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Malwina Sosnowska
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jasmina Balaban
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Winnicka
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ludwika Lipinska
- Department of Chemical Synthesis and Flake Graphene, Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, 01-919 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Olga Witkowska Pilaszewicz
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Grodzik
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
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21
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Antibacterial Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles on Endometritis Caused by Prevotella melaninogenica and Arcanobacterum pyogenes in Dairy Cattle. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041210. [PMID: 29659523 PMCID: PMC5979543 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine postpartum diseases remain one of the most significant and highly prevalent illnesses with negative effects on the productivity, survival, and welfare of dairy cows. Antibiotics are generally considered beneficial in the treatment of endometritis; however, frequent usage of each antibiotic drug is reason for the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) of the pathogenic microorganisms, representing a major impediment for the successful diagnosis and management of infectious diseases in both humans and animals. We synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with an average size of 10 nm using the novel biomolecule apigenin as a reducing and stabilizing agent, and evaluated the efficacy of the AgNPs on the MDR pathogenic bacteria Prevotella melaninogenica and Arcanobacterium pyogenes isolated from uterine secretion samples. AgNPs inhibited cell viability and biofilm formation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, the metabolic toxicity of the AgNPs was assessed through various cellular assays. The major toxic effect of cell death was caused by an increase in oxidative stress, as evidenced by the increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl content, and nitric oxide. The formation of ROS is considered to be the primary mechanism of bacterial death. Therefore, the biomolecule-mediated synthesis of AgNPs shows potential as an alternative antimicrobial therapy for bovine metritis and endometritis.
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22
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Karmakar A, Mallick T, Das S, Begum NA. Naturally occurring green multifunctional agents: Exploration of their roles in the world of graphene and related systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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23
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Liu CC, Zhao JJ, Zhang R, Li H, Chen B, Zhang LL, Yang H. Multifunctionalization of graphene and graphene oxide for controlled release and targeted delivery of anticancer drugs. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:5197-5219. [PMID: 29312477 PMCID: PMC5752875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Among various nanomaterials, graphene and its derivatives have attracted considerable research interest in diverse application areas-including nanomedicine-because of their extraordinary physical, chemical, and optical properties. Intensive research is underway to investigate the biomedical application of graphene and graphene-based nanosystems as drug-delivery vehicles for cancer therapy, and this is considered as one of the novel therapeutic approaches for performing on-demand chemotherapy coupled with photothermal therapy or photodynamic therapy. Here, we systematically summarize recent progress in the synthesis and functionalization of graphene by using a vast range of materials, including small molecules, polymers, and biomolecules, in order to overcome the inherent drawbacks of graphene oxide (GO) nanocarriers and thereby make these nanocarriers suitable for delivering chemotherapeutic agents, genes, and short interfering RNAs. Moreover, we address the opportunities and challenges associated with future clinical application of GO for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Cui Liu
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University College of MedicineXi’an 710054, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhao
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University College of MedicineXi’an 710054, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University College of MedicineXi’an 710054, China
| | - Hui Li
- Joint Surgery, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University College of MedicineXi’an 710054, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University College of MedicineXi’an 710054, China
| | - Ling-Ling Zhang
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University College of MedicineXi’an 710054, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University College of MedicineXi’an 710054, China
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24
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Gurunathan S, Kim JH. Graphene Oxide-Silver Nanoparticles Nanocomposite Stimulates Differentiation in Human Neuroblastoma Cancer Cells (SH-SY5Y). Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2549. [PMID: 29182571 PMCID: PMC5751152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, graphene and graphene related nanocomposite receive much attention due to high surface-to-volume ratio, and unique physiochemical and biological properties. The combination of metallic nanoparticles with graphene-based materials offers a promising method to fabricate novel graphene-silver hybrid nanomaterials with unique functions in biomedical nanotechnology, and nanomedicine. Therefore, this study was designed to prepare graphene oxide (GO) silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) nanocomposite (GO-AgNPs) containing two different nanomaterials in single platform with distinctive properties using luciferin as reducing agents. In addition, we investigated the effect of GO-AgNPs on differentiation in SH-SY5Y cells. The synthesized GO-AgNPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The differentiation was confirmed by series of cellular and biochemical assays. The AgNPs were distributed uniformly on the surface of graphene oxide with an average size of 25 nm. As prepared GO-AgNPOs induces differentiation by increasing the expression of neuronal differentiation markers and decreasing the expression of stem cell markers. The results indicated that the redox biology involved the expression of various signaling molecules, which play an important role in differentiation. This study suggests that GO-AgNP nanocomposite could stimulate differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, understanding the mechanisms of differentiation of neuroblastoma cells could provide new strategies for cancer and stem cell therapies. Therefore, these studies suggest that GO-AgNPs could target specific chemotherapy-resistant cells within a tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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25
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Yuan YG, Wang YH, Xing HH, Gurunathan S. Quercetin-mediated synthesis of graphene oxide-silver nanoparticle nanocomposites: a suitable alternative nanotherapy for neuroblastoma. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:5819-5839. [PMID: 28860751 PMCID: PMC5566358 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s140605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Graphene and graphene-related materials have gained substantial interest from both academia and industry for the development of unique nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Graphene oxide (GO) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are a valuable platform for the development of nanocomposites, permitting the combination of nanomaterials with different physical and chemical properties to generate novel materials with improved and effective functionalities in a single platform. Therefore, this study was conducted to synthesize a graphene oxide–silver nanoparticle (GO-AgNPs) nanocomposite using the biomolecule quercetin and evaluate the potential cytotoxicity and mechanism of GO-AgNPs in human neuroblastoma cancer cells (SH-SY5Y). Methods The synthesized GO-AgNPs were characterized using various analytical techniques. The potential toxicities of GO-AgNPs were evaluated using a series of biochemical and cellular assays. The expression of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes was measured by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Further, apoptosis was confirmed by caspase-9/3 activity and a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay, and GO-AgNPs-induced autophagy was also confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Results The prepared GO-AgNPs exhibited significantly higher cytotoxicity toward SH-SY5Y cells than GO. GO-AgNPs induced significant cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells by the loss of cell viability, inhibition of cell proliferation, increased leakage of lactate dehydrogenase, decreased level of mitochondrial membrane potential, reduced numbers of mitochondria, enhanced level of reactive oxygen species generation, increased expression of pro-apoptotic genes, and decreased expression of anti-apoptotic genes. GO-AgNPs induced caspase-9/3-dependent apoptosis via DNA fragmentation. Finally, GO-AgNPs induced accumulation of autophagosomes and autophagic vacuoles. Conclusion In this study, we developed an environmentally friendly, facile, dependable, and simple method for the synthesis of GO-AgNPs nanocomposites using quercetin. The synthesized GO-AgNPs exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity compared with that of GO at very low concentrations. This study not only elucidates the potential cytotoxicity against neuroblastoma cancer cells, but also reveals the molecular mechanism of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Guo Yuan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hong Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Hui Xing
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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26
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Yuan YG, Peng QL, Gurunathan S. Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Multiple Drug-Resistant Strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Mastitis-Infected Goats: An Alternative Approach for Antimicrobial Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030569. [PMID: 28272303 PMCID: PMC5372585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been widely used in various applications as antimicrobial agents, anticancer, diagnostics, biomarkers, cell labels, and drug delivery systems for the treatment of various diseases. Microorganisms generally acquire resistance to antibiotics through the course of antibacterial therapy. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) has become a growing problem in the treatment of infectious diseases, and the widespread use of broad-spectrum antibiotics has resulted in the development of antibiotic resistance by numerous human and animal bacterial pathogens. As a result, an increasing number of microorganisms are resistant to multiple antibiotics causing continuing economic losses in dairy farming. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of alternative, cost-effective, and efficient antimicrobial agents that overcome antimicrobial resistance. Here, AgNPs synthesized using the bio-molecule quercetin were characterized using various analytical techniques. The synthesized AgNPs were highly spherical in shape and had an average size of 11 nm. We evaluated the efficacy of synthesized AgNPs against two MDR pathogenic bacteria, namely, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, which were isolated from milk samples produced by mastitis-infected goats. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of AgNPs against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were found to be 1 and 2 μg/mL, respectively. Our findings suggest that AgNPs exert antibacterial effects in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Results from the present study demonstrate that the antibacterial activity of AgNPs is due to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and leakage of proteins and sugars in bacterial cells. Results of the present study showed that AgNP-treated bacteria had significantly lower lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) and lower adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels compared to the control. Furthermore, AgNP-treated bacteria showed downregulated expression of glutathione (GSH), upregulation of glutathione S-transferase (GST), and downregulation of both superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). These physiological and biochemical measurements were consistently observed in AgNP-treated bacteria, thereby suggesting that AgNPs can induce bacterial cell death. Thus, the above results represent conclusive findings on the mechanism of action of AgNPs against different types of bacteria. This study also demonstrates the promising use of nanoparticles as antibacterial agents for use in the biotechnology and biomedical industry. Furthermore, this study is the first to propose the mode of action of AgNPs against MDR pathogens isolated from goats infected with subclinical mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Guo Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Qiu-Ling Peng
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China.
| | - Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
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27
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Masoudipour E, Kashanian S, Maleki N. A targeted drug delivery system based on dopamine functionalized nano graphene oxide. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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28
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Wu X, Ding SJ, Lin K, Su J. A review on the biocompatibility and potential applications of graphene in inducing cell differentiation and tissue regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:3084-3102. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb03067j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the biocompatibility and cell differentiation inducing capacity of graphene and its potential applications in multi-tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Tongji University
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration
- Shanghai 200072
| | - Shinn-Jyh Ding
- Institute of Oral Science
- Chung Shan Medical University
- Taichung City 402
- Taiwan
| | - Kaili Lin
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Tongji University
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration
- Shanghai 200072
- China
| | - Jiansheng Su
- Department of Prosthodontics
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Tongji University
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration
- Shanghai 200072
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29
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Zhang XF, Gurunathan S. Biofabrication of a novel biomolecule-assisted reduced graphene oxide: an excellent biocompatible nanomaterial. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:6635-6649. [PMID: 27994461 PMCID: PMC5154726 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s121847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene has been shown much interest, both in academics and industry due to its extraordinary physical, chemical, and biological proprieties. It shows great promises in biotechnological and biomedical applications as an antibacterial and anticancer agent, nanocarrier, sensor, etc. However, many studies demonstrated the toxicity of graphene in several cell lines, which is an obstacle to its use in biomedical applications. In this study, to improve the biocompatibility of graphene, we used nicotinamide (NAM) as a reducing and stabilizing agent to catalyze the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) to reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The resulted smaller-sized GO (NAM-rGO) showed excellent biocompatibility with mouse embryonic fibroblast cells, evidenced by various cellular assays. Furthermore, NAM-rGO had no effect on mitochondrial membrane permeability and caspase-3 activity compared to GO. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis allowed us to identify the molecular mechanisms responsible for NAM-rGO-induced biocompatibility. NAM-rGO significantly induced the expression of genes encoding tight junction proteins (TJPs) such as zona occludens-1 (Tjp1) and claudins (Cldn3) without any effect on the expression of cytoskeleton proteins. Furthermore, NAM-rGO enhances the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) gene, and it does this in a time-dependent manner. Overall, our study depicted the molecular mechanisms underlying NAM-rGO biocompatibility depending on upregulation of TJPs and ALP. This potential quality of graphene could be used in diverse applications including tissue regeneration and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Feng Zhang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Pham XH, Hahm E, Kim HM, Shim S, Kim TH, Jeong DH, Lee YS, Jun BH. Silver Nanoparticle-Embedded Thin Silica-Coated Graphene Oxide as an SERS Substrate. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 6:E176. [PMID: 28335304 PMCID: PMC5245191 DOI: 10.3390/nano6100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A hybrid of Ag nanoparticle (NP)-embedded thin silica-coated graphene oxide (GO@SiO₂@Ag NPs) was prepared as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate. A 6 nm layer of silica was successfully coated on the surface of GO by the physical adsorption of sodium silicate, followed by the hydrolysis of 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane. Ag NPs were introduced onto the thin silica-coated graphene oxide by the reduction of Ag⁺ to prepare GO@SiO₂@Ag NPs. The GO@SiO₂@Ag NPs exhibited a 1.8-fold enhanced Raman signal compared to GO without a silica coating. The GO@SiO₂@Ag NPs showed a detection limit of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) at 0.74 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Hung Pham
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Eunil Hahm
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Hyung-Mo Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Seongbo Shim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Tae Han Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Dae Hong Jeong
- Department of Chemistry Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| | - Yoon-Sik Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| | - Bong-Hyun Jun
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
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Pham XH, Shim S, Kim TH, Hahm E, Kim HM, Rho WY, Jeong DH, Lee YS, Jun BH. Glucose detection using 4-mercaptophenyl boronic acid-incorporated silver nanoparticles-embedded silica-coated graphene oxide as a SERS substrate. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-016-1107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Gurunathan S, Kim JH. Synthesis, toxicity, biocompatibility, and biomedical applications of graphene and graphene-related materials. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:1927-45. [PMID: 27226713 PMCID: PMC4863686 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s105264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene is a two-dimensional atomic crystal, and since its development it has been applied in many novel ways in both research and industry. Graphene possesses unique properties, and it has been used in many applications including sensors, batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors, transistors, components of high-strength machinery, and display screens in mobile devices. In the past decade, the biomedical applications of graphene have attracted much interest. Graphene has been reported to have antibacterial, antiplatelet, and anticancer activities. Several salient features of graphene make it a potential candidate for biological and biomedical applications. The synthesis, toxicity, biocompatibility, and biomedical applications of graphene are fundamental issues that require thorough investigation in any kind of applications related to human welfare. Therefore, this review addresses the various methods available for the synthesis of graphene, with special reference to biological synthesis, and highlights the biological applications of graphene with a focus on cancer therapy, drug delivery, bio-imaging, and tissue engineering, together with a brief discussion of the challenges and future perspectives of graphene. We hope to provide a comprehensive review of the latest progress in research on graphene, from synthesis to applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zancanela DC, Simão AMS, Francisco CG, de Faria AN, Ramos AP, Gonçalves RR, Matsubara EY, Rosolen JM, Ciancaglini P. Graphene oxide and titanium: synergistic effects on the biomineralization ability of osteoblast cultures. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:71. [PMID: 26886819 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5680-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) has attracted remarkable attention in recent years due to properties such as extremely large surface area, biocompatibility, biostability, and easy chemical functionalization. Osteoblasts underlie the deposition of hydroxyapatite crystals in the bone protein matrix during biomineralization; hydroxyapatite deposition involves extracellular matrix vesicles that are rich in alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Here, we have investigated how GO affects osteoblast viability, ALP activity, and mineralized matrix formation in osteoblast cultures in three different phases of cell growth, in the presence and in the absence of titanium (Ti). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectra, and energy dispersive spectroscopy aided GO characterization. The presence of GO increased the viability of osteoblast cells grown on a plastic surface. However, osteoblast viability on Ti discs was lower in the presence than in the absence of GO. ALP activity emerged at 14 days for the cell culture incubated with GO. The total protein concentration also increased at 21 days on both the Ti discs and plastic surface. Osteoblasts grown on Ti discs had increased mineralized matrix formation in the presence of GO as compared to the cells grown in the absence of GO. SEM images of the cell cultures on plastic surfaces in the presence of GO suggested delayed mineralized matrix formation. In conclusion, applications requiring the presence of Ti, such as prostheses and implants, should benefit from the use of GO, which may increase mineralized nodule formation, stimulate biomineralization, and accelerate bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela C Zancanela
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil.
| | - Ana Maria S Simão
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Camila G Francisco
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Amanda N de Faria
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Ramos
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Rogéria R Gonçalves
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Elaine Y Matsubara
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - José Maurício Rosolen
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Pietro Ciancaglini
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil.
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Choi YJ, Kim E, Han J, Kim JH, Gurunathan S. A Novel Biomolecule-Mediated Reduction of Graphene Oxide: A Multifunctional Anti-Cancer Agent. Molecules 2016; 21:375. [PMID: 26999102 PMCID: PMC6273066 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is a monolayer of carbon atoms that form a dense honeycomb structure, consisting of hydroxyl and epoxide functional groups on the two accessible sides and carboxylic groups at the edges. In contrast, graphene is a two-dimensional sheet of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms packed into a honeycomb lattice. Graphene has great potential for use in biomedical applications due to its excellent physical and chemical properties. In this study, we report a facile and environmentally friendly approach for the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using uric acid (UA). The synthesized uric acid-reduced graphene oxide (UA-rGO) was fully characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Raman spectroscopy. GO and UA-rGO induced a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability and induced cytotoxicity in human ovarian cancer cells. The results from this study suggest that UA-rGO could cause apoptosis in mammalian cells. The toxicity of UA-rGO is significantly higher than GO. Based on our findings, UA-rGO shows cytotoxic effects against human ovarian cancer cells, and its synthesis is environmentally friendly. UA-rGO significantly inhibits cell viability by increasing lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, activation of caspase-3, and DNA fragmentation. This is the first report to describe the comprehensive effects of UA-rGO in ovarian cancer cells. We believe that the functional aspects of newly synthesized UA-rGO will provide advances towards various biomedical applications in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jung Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Eunsu Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - JaeWoong Han
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
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Abstract
Graphene is an ultra-thin material, which has received broad interest in many areas of science and technology because of its unique physical, chemical, mechanical and thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. T. H. Aunkor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - I. M. Mahbubul
- Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy (CoRE-RE)
- Research Institute
- King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM)
- Dhahran
- Saudi Arabia
| | - R. Saidur
- Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy (CoRE-RE)
- Research Institute
- King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM)
- Dhahran
- Saudi Arabia
| | - H. S. C. Metselaar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
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Gao S, Zhang L, Wang G, Yang K, Chen M, Tian R, Ma Q, Zhu L. Hybrid graphene/Au activatable theranostic agent for multimodalities imaging guided enhanced photothermal therapy. Biomaterials 2015; 79:36-45. [PMID: 26691399 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) has been increasingly investigated. However, there are still challenges in strategies that can further enhance photoconversion efficiency and improve photothermal tumor ablation effect of current nanomaterials. Herein, we developed a fluorescent/photoacoustic imaging guided PTT agent by seeding Gold (Au) nanoparticles onto graphene oxide (GO). Near infrared dye (Cy5.5) labeled-matrix metalloproteinase-14 (MMP-14) substrate (CP) was conjugated onto the GO/Au complex (GA) forming tumor targeted theranostic probe (CPGA), whereCy5.5 fluorescent signal is quenched by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) capacity from both GO and Au, yet it can boost strong fluorescence signals after degradation by MMP-14. The photothermal effect of GA hybrid was found significantly elevated compared with Au or GO alone. After intravenous administration of CPGA into SCC7 tumor-bearing mice, high fluorescence and PA signals were observed in the tumor area over time, which peaked at the 6 h time point (tumor-to-normal tissue ratio of 3.64 ± 0.51 for optical imaging and 2.5 ± 0.27 for PA imaging). The tumors were then irradiated with a laser, and an excellent tumor inhibition was observedwithoutrecurrence. Our studies further encourage applications of the hybrid nanocomposite for image-guided enhanced PTT in biomedical applications, especially in cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Guohao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Kai Yang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology & Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Minglong Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China
| | - Rui Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China
| | - Qingjie Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China.
| | - Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
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Khan M, Al-Marri AH, Khan M, Shaik MR, Mohri N, Adil SF, Kuniyil M, Alkhathlan HZ, Al-Warthan A, Tremel W, Tahir MN, Siddiqui MRH. Green Approach for the Effective Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Salvadora persica L. Root (Miswak) Extract. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2015; 10:987. [PMID: 26138452 PMCID: PMC4489966 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-015-0987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, green reduction of graphene oxide (GRO) using various natural materials, including plant extracts, has drawn significant attention among the scientific community. These methods are sustainable, low cost, and are more environmentally friendly than other standard methods of reduction. Herein, we report a facile and eco-friendly method for the bioreduction of GRO using Salvadora persica L. (S. persica L.) roots (miswak) extract as a bioreductant. The as-prepared highly reduced graphene oxide (SP-HRG) was characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Various results have confirmed that the biomolecules present in the root extract of miswak not only act as a bioreductant but also functionalize the surface of SP-HRG by acting as a capping ligand to stabilize it in water and other solvents. The dispersion quality of SP-HRG in deionized water was investigated in detail by preparing different samples of SP-HRG with increasing concentration of root extract. Furthermore, the dispersibility of SP-HRG was also compared with chemically reduced graphene oxide (CRG). The developed eco-friendly method for the reduction of GRO could provide a better substitute for a large-scale production of dispersant-free graphene and graphene-based materials for various applications in both technological and biological fields such as electronics, nanomedicine, and bionic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujeeb Khan
- />Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhadi H Al-Marri
- />Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Merajuddin Khan
- />Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Rafi Shaik
- />Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nils Mohri
- />Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Syed Farooq Adil
- />Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mufsir Kuniyil
- />Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad Z Alkhathlan
- />Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Al-Warthan
- />Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Wolfgang Tremel
- />Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Muhammad Nawaz Tahir
- />Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mohammed Rafiq H Siddiqui
- />Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Masullo T, Armata N, Pendolino F, Colombo P, Celso FL, Mazzola S, Cuttitta A. Low-Cost Synthesis of Smart Biocompatible Graphene Oxide Reduced Species by Means of GFP. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 178:462-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1887-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Gurunathan S, Han JW, Park JH, Kim E, Choi YJ, Kwon DN, Kim JH. Reduced graphene oxide-silver nanoparticle nanocomposite: a potential anticancer nanotherapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:6257-76. [PMID: 26491296 PMCID: PMC4599719 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s92449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Graphene and graphene-based nanocomposites are used in various research areas including sensing, energy storage, and catalysis. The mechanical, thermal, electrical, and biological properties render graphene-based nanocomposites of metallic nanoparticles useful for several biomedical applications. Epithelial ovarian carcinoma is the fifth most deadly cancer in women; most tumors initially respond to chemotherapy, but eventually acquire chemoresistance. Consequently, the development of novel molecules for cancer therapy is essential. This study was designed to develop a simple, non-toxic, environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide–silver (rGO–Ag) nanoparticle nanocomposites using Tilia amurensis plant extracts as reducing and stabilizing agents. The anticancer properties of rGO–Ag were evaluated in ovarian cancer cells. Methods The synthesized rGO–Ag nanocomposite was characterized using various analytical techniques. The anticancer properties of the rGO–Ag nanocomposite were evaluated using a series of assays such as cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase leakage, reactive oxygen species generation, cellular levels of malonaldehyde and glutathione, caspase-3 activity, and DNA fragmentation in ovarian cancer cells (A2780). Results AgNPs with an average size of 20 nm were uniformly dispersed on graphene sheets. The data obtained from the biochemical assays indicate that the rGO–Ag nanocomposite significantly inhibited cell viability in A2780 ovarian cancer cells and increased lactate dehydrogenase leakage, reactive oxygen species generation, caspase-3 activity, and DNA fragmentation compared with other tested nanomaterials such as graphene oxide, rGO, and AgNPs. Conclusion T. amurensis plant extract-mediated rGO–Ag nanocomposites could facilitate the large-scale production of graphene-based nanocomposites; rGO–Ag showed a significant inhibiting effect on cell viability compared to graphene oxide, rGO, and silver nanoparticles. The nanocomposites could be effective non-toxic therapeutic agents for the treatment of both cancer and cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jae Woong Han
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsu Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jung Choi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deug-Nam Kwon
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Gurunathan S, Han JW, Kim ES, Park JH, Kim JH. Reduction of graphene oxide by resveratrol: a novel and simple biological method for the synthesis of an effective anticancer nanotherapeutic molecule. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:2951-69. [PMID: 25931821 PMCID: PMC4404963 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s79879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Graphene represents a monolayer or a few layers of sp2-bonded carbon atoms with a honeycomb lattice structure. Unique physical, chemical, and biological properties of graphene have attracted great interest in various fields including electronics, energy, material industry, and medicine, where it is used for tissue engineering and scaffolding, drug delivery, and as an antibacterial and anticancer agent. However, graphene cytotoxicity for ovarian cancer cells is still not fully investigated. The objective of this study was to synthesize graphene using a natural polyphenol compound resveratrol and to investigate its toxicity for ovarian cancer cells. METHODS The successful reduction of graphene oxide (GO) to graphene was confirmed by UV-vis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy were employed to evaluate particle size and surface morphology of GO and resveratrol-reduced GO (RES-rGO). Raman spectroscopy was used to determine the removal of oxygen-containing functional groups from GO surface and to ensure the formation of graphene. We also performed a comprehensive analysis of GO and RES-rGO cytotoxicity by examining the morphology, viability, membrane integrity, activation of caspase-3, apoptosis, and alkaline phosphatase activity of ovarian cancer cells. RESULTS The results also show that resveratrol effectively reduced GO to graphene and the properties of RES-rGO nanosheets were comparable to those of chemically reduced graphene. Biological experiments showed that GO and RES-rGO caused a dose-dependent membrane leakage and oxidative stress in cancer cells, and reduced their viability via apoptosis confirmed by the upregulation of apoptosis executioner caspase-3. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate a single, simple green approach for the synthesis of highly water-dispersible functionalized graphene nanosheets, suggesting a possibility of replacing toxic hydrazine by a natural and safe phenolic compound resveratrol, which has similar efficacy in the reduction of GO to rGO. Resveratrol-based GO reduction would facilitate large-scale production of graphene-based materials for the emerging graphene-based technologies and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jae Woong Han
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Su Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Nurunnabi M, Parvez K, Nafiujjaman M, Revuri V, Khan HA, Feng X, Lee YK. Bioapplication of graphene oxide derivatives: drug/gene delivery, imaging, polymeric modification, toxicology, therapeutics and challenges. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04756k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article summarizes the latest progress in research regarding bioapplications of graphene oxide derivatives and provides expert opinions on strategies for overcoming the current challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nurunnabi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Korea National University of Transportation
- Chungju 380-702
- Republic of Korea
| | - Khaled Parvez
- Max Plank Institute for Polymer Research
- Mainz 55128
- Germany
| | - Md Nafiujjaman
- Department of Green Bioengineering
- Korea National University of Transportation
- Chungju 380-702
- Republic of Korea
| | - Vishnu Revuri
- Department of Green Bioengineering
- Korea National University of Transportation
- Chungju 380-702
- Republic of Korea
| | - Haseeb A. Khan
- Analytical and Molecular Bioscience Research Group
- Department of Biochemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Max Plank Institute for Polymer Research
- Mainz 55128
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry
- Technische Universität Dresden
| | - Yong-kyu Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Korea National University of Transportation
- Chungju 380-702
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Green Bioengineering
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Valipour A, Hamnabard N, Ahn YH. Performance evaluation of highly conductive graphene (RGOHI–AcOH) and graphene/metal nanoparticle composites (RGO/Ni) coated on carbon cloth for supercapacitor applications. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14806e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of graphene (RGO)-based composites as electrode materials in supercapacitors can be limited by the fabrication complexity and costs, and the non-environmentally friendly nature of the production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Valipour
- Department of Civil Engineering
- Yeungnam University
- Gyeongsan 712-749
- South Korea
| | - Nazanin Hamnabard
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Yeungnam University
- Gyeongsan 712-749
- South Korea
| | - Young-Ho Ahn
- Department of Civil Engineering
- Yeungnam University
- Gyeongsan 712-749
- South Korea
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