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Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhang J, Peng Q, Wang X, Xiao X, Shi K. Nanotherapeutics targeting autophagy regulation for improved cancer therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:2447-2474. [PMID: 38828133 PMCID: PMC11143539 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The clinical efficacy of current cancer therapies falls short, and there is a pressing demand to integrate new targets with conventional therapies. Autophagy, a highly conserved self-degradation process, has received considerable attention as an emerging therapeutic target for cancer. With the rapid development of nanomedicine, nanomaterials have been widely utilized in cancer therapy due to their unrivaled delivery performance. Hence, considering the potential benefits of integrating autophagy and nanotechnology in cancer therapy, we outline the latest advances in autophagy-based nanotherapeutics. Based on a brief background related to autophagy and nanotherapeutics and their impact on tumor progression, the feasibility of autophagy-based nanotherapeutics for cancer treatment is demonstrated. Further, emerging nanotherapeutics developed to modulate autophagy are reviewed from the perspective of cell signaling pathways, including modulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, autophagy-related (ATG) and its complex expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitophagy, interference with autophagosome-lysosome fusion, and inhibition of hypoxia-mediated autophagy. In addition, combination therapies in which nano-autophagy modulation is combined with chemotherapy, phototherapy, and immunotherapy are also described. Finally, the prospects and challenges of autophagy-based nanotherapeutics for efficient cancer treatment are envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmeng Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jincheng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qikai Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xingdong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiyue Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Kai Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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2
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Dowaidar M. Guidelines for the role of autophagy in drug delivery vectors uptake pathways. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30238. [PMID: 38707383 PMCID: PMC11066435 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The process of autophagy refers to the intracellular absorption of cytoplasm (such as proteins, nucleic acids, tiny molecules, complete organelles, and so on) into the lysosome, followed by the breakdown of that cytoplasm. The majority of cellular proteins are degraded by a process called autophagy, which is both a naturally occurring activity and one that may be induced by cellular stress. Autophagy is a system that can save cells' integrity in stressful situations by restoring metabolic basics and getting rid of subcellular junk. This happens as a component of an endurance response. This mechanism may have an effect on disease, in addition to its contribution to the homeostasis of individual cells and tissues as well as the control of development in higher species. The main aim of this study is to discuss the guidelines for the role of autophagy in drug delivery vector uptake pathways. In this paper, we discuss the meaning and concept of autophagy, the mechanism of autophagy, the role of autophagy in drug delivery vectors, autophagy-modulating drugs, nanostructures for delivery systems of autophagy modulators, etc. Later in this paper, we talk about how to deliver chemotherapeutics, siRNA, and autophagy inducers and inhibitors. We also talk about how hard it is to make a drug delivery system that takes nanocarriers' roles as autophagy modulators into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moataz Dowaidar
- Bioengineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen Technologies and Carbon Management, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Biosystems and Machines Research Center, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Deepak P, Kumar P, Pandey P, Arya DK, Jaiswal S, Kumar A, Sonkar AB, Ali D, Alarifi S, Ramar M, Rajinikanth PS. Pentapeptide cRGDfK-Surface Engineered Nanostructured Lipid Carriers as an Efficient Tool for Targeted Delivery of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor for Battling Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:7021-7046. [PMID: 38046236 PMCID: PMC10693281 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s438307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antitumor research aims to efficiently target hepatocarcinoma cells (HCC) for drug delivery. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are promising for active tumour targeting. Cell-penetrating peptides are feasible ligands for targeted cancer treatment. Methods In this study, we optimized gefitinib-loaded NLCs (GF-NLC) for HCC treatment. The NLCs contained cholesterol, oleic acid, Pluronic F-68, and Phospholipon 90G. The NLC surface was functionalized to enhance targeting with the cRGDfK-pentapeptide, which binds to the αvβ3 integrin receptor overexpressed on hepatocarcinoma cells. Results GF-NLC formulation was thoroughly characterized for various parameters using differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction analysis. In-vitro and in-vivo studies on the HepG2 cell line showed cRGDfK@GF-NLC's superiority over GF-NLC and free gefitinib. cRGDfK@GF-NLC exhibited significantly higher cytotoxicity, growth inhibition, and cellular internalization. Biodistribution studies demonstrated enhanced tumour site accumulation without organ toxicity. The findings highlight cRGDfK@GF-NLC as a highly efficient carrier for targeted drug delivery, surpassing non-functionalized NLCs. These functionalized NLCs offer promising prospects for improving hepatocarcinoma therapy outcomes by specifically targeting HCC cells. Conclusion Based on these findings, cRGDfK@GF-NLC holds immense potential as a highly efficient carrier for targeted drug delivery of anticancer agents, surpassing the capabilities of non-functionalized NLCs. This research opens up new avenues for effective treatment strategies in hepatocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Deepak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, India
- S.D College of Pharmacy and Vocational Studies, Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prashant Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Arya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shweta Jaiswal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anand Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Archana Bharti Sonkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Daoud Ali
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alarifi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohankumar Ramar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 02903, USA
| | - P S Rajinikanth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Aljuffali IA, Anwer MK, Ahmed MM, Alalaiwe A, Aldawsari MF, Fatima F, Jamil S. Development of Gefitinib-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Breast Cancer: Physicochemical Evaluation, Stability, and Anticancer Activity in Breast Cancer (MCF-7) Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1549. [PMID: 38004415 PMCID: PMC10674849 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, the toxic effects of gefitinib-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (GFT-loaded SLNs) upon human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) were investigated. GFT-loaded SLNs were prepared through a single emulsification-evaporation technique using glyceryl tristearate (Dynasan™ 114) along with lipoid® 90H (lipid surfactant) and Kolliphore® 188 (water-soluble surfactant). Four formulae were developed by varying the weight of the lipoid™ 90H (100-250 mg), and the GFT-loaded SLN (F4) formulation was optimized in terms of particle size (472 ± 7.5 nm), PDI (0.249), ZP (-15.2 ± 2.3), and EE (83.18 ± 4.7%). The optimized formulation was further subjected for in vitro release, stability studies, and MTT assay against MCF-7 cell lines. GFT from SLNs exhibited sustained release of the drug for 48 h, and release kinetics followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, which indicates the mechanism of drug release by swelling and/or erosion from a lipid matrix. When pure GFT and GFT-SLNs were exposed to MCF-7 cells, the activities of p53 (3.4 and 3.7 times), caspase-3 (5.61 and 7.7 times), and caspase-9 (1.48 and 1.69 times) were enhanced, respectively, over those in control cells. The results suggest that GFT-loaded SLNs (F4) may represent a promising therapeutic alternative for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A. Aljuffali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Md. Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.A.); (A.A.); (M.F.A.); (F.F.)
| | - Mohammed Muqtader Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.A.); (A.A.); (M.F.A.); (F.F.)
| | - Ahmed Alalaiwe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.A.); (A.A.); (M.F.A.); (F.F.)
| | - Mohammed F. Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.A.); (A.A.); (M.F.A.); (F.F.)
| | - Farhat Fatima
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.A.); (A.A.); (M.F.A.); (F.F.)
| | - Shahid Jamil
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Knowledge University, Erbil 44001, Iraq;
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5
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Thangudu S, Tsai CY, Lin WC, Su CH. Modified gefitinib conjugated Fe 3O 4 NPs for improved delivery of chemo drugs following an image-guided mechanistic study of inner vs. outer tumor uptake for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1272492. [PMID: 37877039 PMCID: PMC10591449 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1272492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gefitinib (GEF) is an FDA-approved anti-cancer drug for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the efficacy of anticancer drugs is limited due to their non-specificity, lower accumulation at target sites, and systemic toxicity. Herein, we successfully synthesized a modified GEF (mGEF) drug and conjugated to Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) for the treatment of NSCLC via magnetic resonance (MR) image-guided drug delivery. A traditional EDC coupling pathway uses mGEF to directly conjugate to Fe3O4 NPs to overcom the drug leakage issues. As a result, we found in vitro drug delivery on mGEF- Fe3O4 NPs exhibits excellent anticancer effects towards the PC9 cells selectively, with an estimated IC 50 value of 2.0 μM. Additionally, in vivo MRI and PET results demonstrate that the NPs could accumulate in tumor-specific regions with localized cell growth inhibition. Results also revealed that outer tumor region exhibiting a stronger contrast than the tinner tumor region which may due necrosis in inner tumor region. In vivo biodistribution further confirms Fe3O4 NPs are more biocompatible and are excreated after the treatment. Overall, we believe that this current strategy of drug modification combined with chemical conjugation on magnetic NPs will lead to improved cancer chemotherapy as well as understanding the tumor microenvironments for better therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Thangudu
- Center for General Education, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Ching-Yi Tsai
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Che Lin
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Su
- Center for General Education, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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6
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Mehta P, Shende P. Dual role of autophagy for advancements from conventional to new delivery systems in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130430. [PMID: 37506854 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy, a programmed cell-lysis mechanism, holds significant promise in the prevention and treatment of a wide range of conditions, including cancer, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease. The successful utilization of autophagy modulation for therapeutic purposes hinges upon accurately determining the role of autophagy in disease progression, whether it acts as a cytotoxic or cytoprotective factor. This critical knowledge empowers scientists to effectively manipulate tumor sensitivity to anti-cancer therapies through autophagy modulation, while also circumventing drug resistance. However, conventional therapies face limitations such as low bioavailability, poor solubility, and a lack of controlled release mechanisms, hindering their clinical applicability. In this regard, innovative nanoplatforms including organic and inorganic systems have emerged as promising solutions to offer stimuli-responsive, theranostic-controlled drug delivery systems with active targeting and improved solubility. The review article explores a variety of organic nanoplatforms, such as lipid-based, polymer-based, and DNA-based systems, which incorporate autophagy-inhibiting drugs like hydroxychloroquine. By inhibiting the glycolytic pathway and depriving cells of essential nutrients, these platforms exhibit tumor-suppressive effects in advanced forms of cancer such as leukemia, colon cancer, and glioblastoma. Furthermore, metal-based, metal-oxide-based, silica-based, and quantum dot-based nanoplatforms selectively induce autophagy in tumors, leading to extensive cancer cell destruction. Additionally, this article discusses the current clinical status of autophagy-modulating drugs for cancer therapy with valuable insights of progress and potential of such approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Mehta
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Pravin Shende
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India.
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7
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Lu Q. Bioresponsive and multifunctional cyclodextrin-based non-viral nanocomplexes in cancer therapy: Building foundations for gene and drug delivery, immunotherapy and bioimaging. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 234:116507. [PMID: 37364628 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The interest towards application of nanomaterials in field of cancer therapy is that the drawbacks of conventional therapies including chemoresistance, radio-resistance and lack of specific targeting of tumor cells can be solved by nanotechnology. Cyclodextrins (CDs) are amphiphilic cyclic oligosaccharides that can be present in three forms of α-, β- and γ-CDs, and they can be synthesized from natural sources. The application of CDs in cancer shows an increasing trend due to benefits of these nanocomplexes in improving solubility and bioavailability of current bioactives and therapeutics for cancer. CDs are widely utilized in delivery of drugs and genes in cancer therapy, and by targeted delivery of these therapeutics into target site, they improve anti-proliferative and anti-cancer potential. The blood circulation time and tumor site accumulation of therapeutics can be improved using CD-based nanostructures. More importantly, the stimuli-responsive types of CDs including pH-, redox- and light-sensitive types can accelerate release of bioactive compound at tumor site. Interestingly, the CDs are able to mediate photothermal and photodynamic impact in impairing tumorigenesis in cancer, enhancing cell death and improving response to chemotherapy. In improving the targeting ability of CDs, their surface functionalization with ligands has been conducted. Moreover, CDs can be modified with green products such as chitosan and fucoidan, and they can be embedded in green-based nanostructures to suppress tumorigenesis. The internalization of CDs into tumor cells can occur through endocytosis and this can be clethrin-, caveolae- or receptor-mediated endocytosis. Furthermore, CDs are promising candidates in bioimaging, cancer cell and organelle imaging as well as isolating tumor cells. The main benefits of using CDs in cancer therapy including sustained and low release of drugs and genes, targeted delivery, bioresponsive release of cargo, ease of surface functionalization and complexation with other nanostructures. The application of CDs in overcoming drug resistance requires more investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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8
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Deepak P, Kumar P, Kumar Arya D, Pandey P, Kumar S, Prasad Parida B, Narayan G, Singh S, Siddalingam Rajinikanth P. c(RGDfK) anchored surface manipulated liposome for tumor-targeted Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) delivery to potentiate liver anticancer activity. Int J Pharm 2023:123160. [PMID: 37379892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Current anticancer drug research includes tumor-targeted administration as a critical component because it is the best strategy to boost efficacy and decrease toxicity. Low drug concentration in cancer cells, nonspecific distribution, rapid clearance, multiple drug resistance, severe side effects, and other factors contribute to the disappointing results of traditional chemotherapy. As an innovative technique of treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in recent years, nanocarrier-mediated targeted drug delivery systems can overcome the aforesaid limitations via enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR) and active targeting. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor Gefitinib (Gefi) has dramatic effects on hepatocellular carcinoma. Herein, we developed and assessed an αvβ3 integrin receptor targeted c(RGDfk) surface modified liposomes for better targeting selectivity and therapeutic efficacy of Gefi on HCC cells. The conventional and modified Gefi loaded liposomes, i.e., denoted as Gefi-L and Gefi-c(RGDfK)-L, respectively, were prepared through the ethanol injection method and optimized via Box Behnken design (BBD). The FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy verified that the c(RGDfK) pentapeptides had formed an amide bond with the liposome surface. In addition, the particle size, Polydispersity index, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and in-vitro Gefi release of the Gefi-L and Gefi-c(RGDfK)-L were measured and analyzed. As indicated by the MTT assay on HepG2 cells, Gefi-c(RGDfK)-L displayed considerably higher cytotoxicity than Gefi-L or Gefi alone. Throughout the incubation period, HepG2 cells took up significantly more Gefi-c(RGDfK)-L than Gefi-L. According to the in vivo biodistribution analysis, Gefi-c(RGDfK)-L accumulated more strongly at the tumor site than Gefi-L and free Gefi. Furthermore, HCC-bearing rats treated with Gefi-c(RGDfK)-L showed a substantial drop in liver marker enzymes (alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, and total bilirubin levels) compared to the disease control group. Gefi-c(RGDfK)-L suppresses tumour growth more effectively than Gefi-L and free Gefi, according to an in vivo analysis of their anticancer activities. Thus, c(RGDfk)-surface modified liposomes, i.e., Gefi-c(RGDfK)-L may serve as an efficient carrier for the targeted delivery of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Deepak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, India; SD College of Pharmacy and Vocational Studies, Bhopal Road, Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Arya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prashant Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shiv Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bishnu Prasad Parida
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gopeshwar Narayan
- Interdisciplinary School of Life Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Paruvathanahalli Siddalingam Rajinikanth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; School of Pharmacy, Taylors University, Lakeside Campus, Kualamlupur, Malaysia.
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9
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Ghaffarlou M, Sütekin SD, Karacaoğlu E, Karahisar Turan S, İnci ÖG, Güven O, Barsbay M. Folic acid-modified biocompatible Pullulan/poly(acrylic acid) nanogels for targeted delivery to MCF-7 cancer cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 184:189-201. [PMID: 36764499 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
We prepared a novel nanogel consisting of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and pullulan (Pull) via a facile and green irradiation protocol. Synthesized nanogels were modified with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and folic acid (FA) and then loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) to obtain a delivery system with tumor-specific targeting ability and enhanced biocompatibility. In-vitro DOX release was investigated at different pH values, and it was found that DOX release was higher in acidic media, which is an advantage for the internalization of nanoparticles in acidic tumor environment. MTT assay and DAPI staining were performed to evaluate the effects of nanogels on L929 and MCF-7 cells. Based on the results of in vitro studies, DOX-loaded nanogels were found to be effective on cancer cells, while the neat ones were nondestructive in both lines. Overall, we envision that the biocompatible and tumor-specific nanogels could be a promising safe drug carrier system for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Duygu Sütekin
- Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry, Beytepe, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Karacaoğlu
- Hacettepe University, Department of Biology, Beytepe, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Özlem Gülüm İnci
- Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry, Beytepe, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Olgun Güven
- Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry, Beytepe, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Barsbay
- Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry, Beytepe, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
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10
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Gautam A, Pal K. Gefitinib conjugated PEG passivated graphene quantum dots incorporated PLA microspheres for targeted anticancer drug delivery. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12512. [PMID: 36619399 PMCID: PMC9816785 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, polyethylene Glycol passivated Graphene Quantum Dots (PEG-GQDs) were successfully synthesized via the hydrothermal method. Furthermore, for the synthesis of anticancer drug loaded GQD embedded microspheres, the anticancer drug was mixed with synthesized PEG-GQD. As prepared, Gefitinib-PEG-GQDs were incorporated into poly-lactic acid (PLA) microspheres using poly-vinyl-acetate (PVA) as surfactant via solvent evaporation technique and single emulsification method. The successful synthesis of anticancer drug loaded microspheres was confirmed by several characterization techniques, including Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), which shows the morphology of microspheres, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis gives an idea about functional group present in the microspheres. X-ray diffraction (XRD) provides information about the crystallinity of the samples respectively. The drug release characteristics were determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis. Moreover, the in-vitro cell-based cytotoxicity assay indicated almost insignificant cytotoxicity of the NCI-H522 cell line (Human, Lung, Non-small cell lung cancer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Gautam
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Kaushik Pal
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India,Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India,Corresponding author.
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11
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Panjwani D, Patel S, Mishra D, Patel V, Yadav M, Dharamsi A, Patel A. Avidin-Biotin functionalized self-assembled protein nanoparticles as EGFR targeted therapeutics for the treatment of lung cancer: characterization and cell viability. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2022.2099888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Drishti Panjwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Shruti Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Deepak Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Viral Patel
- Department of Civil and Petroleum Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - MangeRam Yadav
- Centre for Research and Development, Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Abhay Dharamsi
- Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Asha Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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12
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Pang L, Huang X, Zhu L, Xiao H, Li M, Guan H, Gao J, Jin H. [Targeted killing of CD133 + lung cancer stem cells using paclitaxel-loaded PLGA-PEG nanoparticles with CD133 aptamers]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:26-35. [PMID: 35249867 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.01.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To construct a polylactic acid-glycolic acid-polyethylene glycol (PLGA-PEG) nanocarrier (N-Pac-CD133) coupled with a CD133 nucleic acid aptamer carrying paclitaxel for eliminating lung cancer stem cells (CSCs). METHODS Paclitaxel-loaded N-Pac-CD133 was prepared using the emulsion/solvent evaporation method and characterized. CD133+ lung CSCs were separated by magnetic bead separation and identified for their biological behaviors and gene expression profile. The efficiency of paclitaxel-loaded N-Pac-CD133 for targeted killing of lung cancer cells was assessed in vitro. SCID mice were inoculated with A549 cells and received injections of normal saline, empty nanocarrier linked with CD133 aptamer (N-CD133), paclitaxel, paclitaxel-loaded nanocarrier (N-Pac) or paclitaxel-loaded N-Pac-CD133 (n=8, 5 mg/kg paclitaxel) on days 10, 15 and 20, and the tumor weight and body weight of the mice were measured on day 40. RESULTS Paclitaxel-loaded N-Pac-CD133 showed a particle size of about 100 nm with a high encapsulation efficiency (>80%) and drug loading rate (>8%), and was capable of sustained drug release within 48 h. The CD133+ cell population in lung cancer cells showed the characteristic features of lung CSCs, including faster growth rate (30 days, P=0.001) and high expressions of tumor stem cell markers OV6(P < 0.001), CD133 (P=0.001), OCT3/4 (P=0.002), EpCAM (P=0.04), NANOG (P=0.005) and CD44 (P=0.02). Compared with N-Pac and free paclitaxel, paclitaxel-loaded N-Pac-CD133 showed significantly enhanced targeting ability and cytotoxicity against lung CSCs in vitro (P < 0.001) and significantly reduced the formation of tumor spheres (P < 0.001). In the tumor-bearing mice, paclitaxel-loaded N-Pac-CD133 showed the strongest effects in reducing the tumor mass among all the treatments (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION CD133 aptamer can promote targeted delivery of paclitaxel to allow targeted killing of CD133+ lung CSCs. N-Pac-CD133 loaded with paclitaxel may provide an effective treatment for lung cancer by targeting the lung cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China
| | - X Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan First Hospital, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - L Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China
| | - H Xiao
- Research Department, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China
| | - M Li
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China
| | | | - J Gao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - H Jin
- Clinical Laboratory, 5Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China
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Mustafa WW, Fletcher J, Khoder M, Alany RG. Solid Dispersions of Gefitinib Prepared by Spray Drying with Improved Mucoadhesive and Drug Dissolution Properties. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:48. [PMID: 34984564 PMCID: PMC8816420 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gefitinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is intended for oral administration yet suffers poor bioavailability along with undesirable side effects. To enhance its solubility and allow colon targeting, gefitinib (ZD) and blends of different ratios of polymers (ternary dispersion) were prepared in organic solution, and solid dispersions were generated employing the spray drying (SD) technique. The methylmethacrylate polymer Eudragit S 100 was incorporated for colon targeting; polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) were utilised to improve the solubility of ZD. SEM, DSC, XRPD, FT-IR, dissolution and cytotoxicity studies were undertaken to characterise and evaluate the developed formulations. SEM images revealed that the rod-shaped crystals of ZD were transformed into collapsed spheres with smaller particle size in the spray-dried particles. DSC, FTIR and XRPD studies showed that ZD loaded in the spray-dried dispersions was amorphous. ZD dissolution and release studies revealed that while a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the ZD dissolution and release was observed from HPMC-based solid dispersion at pH 7.2 (up to 95% in 15 h), practically no drug was released at pH 1.2 and pH 6.5. Furthermore, the HPMC-based solid dispersions displayed enhanced mucoadhesive properties compared with PVP-based ones. Interestingly, cell viability studies using the neutral red assay showed that PVP and HPMC-based solid dispersions had no additional inhibitory effect on Caco-2 cell line compared to the pure drug.
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Shinde A, Panchal K, Katke S, Paliwal R, Chaurasiya A. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors as next generation oncological therapeutics: Current strategies, limitations and future perspectives. Therapie 2021; 77:425-443. [PMID: 34823895 DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases, a class of enzymes that govern various biological phenomena at a cellular level, are responsible for signal transduction in cells that regulate cellular proliferation, differentiation, and growth. Protein kinase enzyme mutation results in abnormal cell division leading to a pathological condition like cancer. Tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitors, which helps as a potential drug candidate for the treatment of cancer, are continuously being developed. Majority of these drug candidates are being administered as conventional oral dosage form, which provides limited safety and efficacy due to non-specific delivery and uncontrolled biodistribution resulting into the adverse effects. A controlled drug delivery approach for the delivery of TK inhibitors may be a potential strategy with significant safety and efficacy profile. Novel drug delivery strategies provide target-specific drug delivery, improved pharmacokinetic behaviour, and sustained release leading to lower doses and dosing frequency with significantly reduced side effects. Along with basic aspects of tyrosine kinase, this review discusses various aspects related to the application of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in clinical oncological setting. Furthermore, the limitations/challenges and formulation advancements related to this class of candidates particularly for cancer management have been reviewed. It is expected that innovations in drug delivery approaches for TK inhibitors using novel techniques will surely provide a new insights for improved cancer treatment and patients' life quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Shinde
- Translational Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal District, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Kanan Panchal
- Translational Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal District, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Sumeet Katke
- Translational Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal District, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Rishi Paliwal
- Nanomedicine and Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak 484886, India
| | - Akash Chaurasiya
- Translational Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal District, Telangana 500078, India.
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15
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Alshetaili AS. Gefitinib loaded PLGA and chitosan coated PLGA nanoparticles with magnified cytotoxicity against A549 lung cancer cell lines. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:5065-5073. [PMID: 34466084 PMCID: PMC8381081 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, gefitinib loaded PLGA nanoparticles (GFT-PLGA-NPs) and chitosan coated PLGA nanoparticles (GFT-CS-PLGA-NPs) were synthesized to investigate the role of surface charge of NPs for developing drug delivery system for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The developed NPs were evaluated for their size, PDI, zeta potential (ZP), drug entrapment, drug loading, DSC, FTIR, XRD, in vitro release profile, and morphology. The anti-cancer activity of GFT loaded PLGA NPs and GFT loaded CS-PLGA-NPs were examined in human A549 lung cancer cell lines. In vitro release studies of GFT-CS-PLGA-NPs showed more sustained release in comparison to GFT-PLGA-NPs due surface charge attraction of chitosan. In addition, viability of A549 cells decreases significantly with the increasing concentration of GFT-PLGA NPs and GFT-CS-PLGA-NPs when compared to that of pure GFT and blank PLGA NPs. In addition, the microscopic analysis and counting of viable cells also validate the cytotoxicity of the developed NPs. This investigation proved that the developed NPs would be efficient carriers to deliver GFT with improved efficacy against NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah S Alshetaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Synthesis and Characterization of Gefitinib and Paclitaxel Mono and Dual Drug-Loaded Blood Cockle Shells ( Anadara granosa)-Derived Aragonite CaCO 3 Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11081988. [PMID: 34443820 PMCID: PMC8398682 DOI: 10.3390/nano11081988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Calcium carbonate has slowly paved its way into the field of nanomaterial research due to its inherent properties: biocompatibility, pH-sensitivity, and slow biodegradability. In our efforts to synthesize calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CSCaCO3NP) from blood cockle shells (Anadara granosa), we developed a simple method to synthesize CSCaCO3NP, and loaded them with gefitinib (GEF) and paclitaxel (PTXL) to produce mono drug-loaded GEF-CSCaCO3NP, PTXL-CSCaCO3NP, and dual drug-loaded GEF-PTXL-CSCaCO3NP without usage of toxic chemicals. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results reveal that the drugs are bound to CSCaCO3NP. Scanning electron microscopy studies reveal that the CSCaCO3NP, GEF-CSCaCO3NP, PTXL-CSCaCO3NP, and GEF-PTXL-CSCaCO3NP are almost spherical nanoparticles, with a diameter of 63.9 ± 22.3, 83.9 ± 28.2, 78.2 ± 26.4, and 87.2 ± 26.7 (nm), respectively. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and N2 adsorption-desorption experiments revealed that the synthesized nanoparticles are negatively charged and mesoporous, with surface areas ranging from ~8 to 10 (m2/g). Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) confirms that the synthesized nanoparticles are aragonite. The CSCaCO3NP show excellent alkalinization property in plasma simulating conditions and greater solubility in a moderately acidic pH medium. The release of drugs from the nanoparticles showed zero order kinetics with a slow and sustained release. Therefore, the physico-chemical characteristics and in vitro findings suggest that the drug loaded CSCaCO3NP represent a promising drug delivery system to deliver GEF and PTXL against breast cancer.
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17
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Łagiewka J, Girek T, Ciesielski W. Cyclodextrins-Peptides/Proteins Conjugates: Synthesis, Properties and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1759. [PMID: 34072062 PMCID: PMC8198514 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are a family of macrocyclic oligosaccharides mostly composed of six, seven, or eight α-D-glucopyranose units with α-1,4-glycosidic bonds to form toroidal structures. The CDs possess a hydrophilic exterior and hydrophobic interior with the ability to form an inclusion complex, especially with hydrophobic molecules. However, most existing studies are about conjugation CDs with peptide/protein focusing on the formation of new systems. The CD-peptide/protein can possess new abilities; particularly, the cavity can be applied in modulation properties of more complexed proteins. Most studies are focused on drug delivery, such as targeted delivery in cell-penetrating peptides or co-delivery. The co-delivery is based mostly on polylysine systems; on the other hand, the CD-peptide allows us to understand biomolecular mechanisms such as fibryllation or stem cell behaviour. Moreover, the CD-proteins are more complexed systems with a focus on targeted therapy; these conjugates might be controllable with various properties due to changes in their stability. Finally, the studies of CD-peptide/protein are promising in biomedical application and provide new possibilities for the conjugation of simple molecules to biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Łagiewka
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Armii Krajowej Ave., 13/15, 42 201 Czestochowa, Poland; (T.G.); (W.C.)
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18
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Ehsanimehr S, Najafi Moghadam P, Dehaen W, Shafiei-Irannejad V. Synthesis of pH-sensitive nanocarriers based on polyacrylamide grafted nanocrystalline cellulose for targeted drug delivery to folate receptor in breast cancer cells. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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19
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Wang DD, Zhang XN. Advances in receptor modulation strategies for flexible, efficient, and enhanced antitumor efficacy. J Control Release 2021; 333:418-447. [PMID: 33812919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-sensitivity, effective transport, and precise delivery to tumor cells of nano drug delivery systems (NDDs) have been great challenges to cancer therapy in recent years. The conventional targeting approach involves actively installing the corresponding ligand on the nanocarriers, which is prone to recognize the antigen blasts overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells. However, there are some probable limitations for the active tumor-targeting systems in vivo as follows: a. the limited ligand amount of modifications; b. possible steric hindrance, which was likely to prevent ligand-receptor interaction during the delivery process. c. the restrained antigen saturation highly expressed on the cell membrane, will definitely decrease the specificity and often lead to "off-target" effects of NDDs; and d. water insolubility of nanocarriers due to excess of ligands modification. Obviously, any regulation of receptors on surface of tumor cells exerted an important influence on the delivery of targeting systems. Herein, receptor upregulation was mostly desired for enhancing targeted therapy from the cellular level. This technique with the amplification of receptors has the potential to enhance tumor sensitivity towards corresponding ligand-modified nanoparticles, and thereby increasing the effective therapeutic concentration as well as improving the efficacy of chemotherapy. The enhancement of positively expressed receptors on tumor cells and receptor-dependent therapeutic agents or NDDs with an assembled "self-promoting" effect contributes to increasing cell sensitivity to NPs, and will provide a basic platform for clinical therapeutic practice. In this review, we highlight the significance of modulating various receptors on different types of cancer cells for drug delivery and therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Nong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Song S, Zhang Y, Ding T, Ji N, Zhao H. The Dual Role of Macropinocytosis in Cancers: Promoting Growth and Inducing Methuosis to Participate in Anticancer Therapies as Targets. Front Oncol 2021; 10:570108. [PMID: 33542897 PMCID: PMC7851083 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.570108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Macropinocytosis is an important mechanism of internalizing extracellular materials and dissolved molecules in eukaryotic cells. Macropinocytosis has a dual effect on cancer cells. On the one hand, cells expressing RAS genes (such as K-RAS, H-RAS) under the stress of nutrient deficiency can spontaneously produce constitutive macropinocytosis to promote the growth of cancer cells by internalization of extracellular nutrients (like proteins), receptors, and extracellular vesicles(EVs). On the other hand, abnormal expression of RAS genes and drug treatment (such as MOMIPP) can induce a novel cell death associated with hyperactivated macropinocytosis: methuosis. Based on the dual effect, there is immense potential for designing anticancer therapies that target macropinocytosis in cancer cells. In view of the fact that there has been little review of the dual effect of macropinocytosis in cancer cells, herein, we systematically review the general process of macropinocytosis, its specific manifestation in cancer cells, and its application in cancer treatment, including anticancer drug delivery and destruction of macropinocytosis. This review aims to serve as a reference for studying macropinocytosis in cancers and designing macropinocytosis-targeting anticancer drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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21
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Jin Y, Huynh DTN, Nguyen TLL, Jeon H, Heo KS. Therapeutic effects of ginsenosides on breast cancer growth and metastasis. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:773-787. [PMID: 32839835 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01265-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Thus, the development of new and effective low-toxicity drugs is vital. The specific characteristics of breast cancer have allowed for the development of targeted therapy towards each breast cancer subtype. Nevertheless, increasing drug resistance is displayed by the changing phenotype and microenvironments of the tumor through mutation or dysregulation of various mechanisms. Recently, emerging data on the therapeutic potential of biocompounds isolated from ginseng have been reported. Therefore, in this review, various roles of ginsenosides in the treatment of breast cancer, including apoptosis, autophagy, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, epigenetic changes, combination therapy, and drug delivery system, have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Diem Thi Ngoc Huynh
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Thuy Le Lam Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesu Jeon
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Heo
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Drug Research & Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Madajewski B, Chen F, Yoo B, Turker MZ, Ma K, Zhang L, Chen PM, Juthani R, Aragon-Sanabria V, Gonen M, Rudin CM, Wiesner U, Bradbury MS, Brennan C. Molecular Engineering of Ultrasmall Silica Nanoparticle-Drug Conjugates as Lung Cancer Therapeutics. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:5424-5437. [PMID: 32723835 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-0851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Small-molecule inhibitors have had a major impact on cancer care. While treatments have demonstrated clinically promising results, they suffer from dose-limiting toxicities and the emergence of refractory disease. Considerable efforts made to address these issues have more recently focused on strategies implementing particle-based probes that improve drug delivery and accumulation at target sites, while reducing off-target effects. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Ultrasmall (<8 nm) core-shell silica nanoparticles, C' dots, were molecularly engineered to function as multivalent drug delivery vehicles for significantly improving key in vivo biological and therapeutic properties of a prototype epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, gefitinib. Novel surface chemical components were used to conjugate gefitinib-dipeptide drug-linkers and deferoxamine (DFO) chelators for therapeutic delivery and PET imaging labels, respectively. RESULTS Gefitinib-bound C' dots (DFO-Gef-C' dots), synthesized using the gefitinib analogue, APdMG, at a range of drug-to-particle ratios (DPR; DPR = 11-56), demonstrated high stability for DPR values≤ 40, bulk renal clearance, and enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity relative to gefitinib (LD50 = 6.21 nmol/L vs. 3 μmol/L, respectively). In human non-small cell lung cancer mice, efficacious Gef-C' dot doses were at least 200-fold lower than that needed for gefitinib (360 nmoles vs. 78 μmoles, respectively), noting fairly equivalent tumor growth inhibition and prolonged survival. Gef-C' dot-treated tumors also exhibited low phosphorylated EFGR levels, with no appreciable wild-type EGFR target inhibition, unlike free drug. CONCLUSIONS Results underscore the clinical potential of DFO-Gef-C' dots to effectively manage disease and minimize off-target effects at a fraction of the native drug dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Madajewski
- Department of Radiology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York.,MSK-Cornell Center for Translation of Cancer Nanomedicines, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Radiology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York.,MSK-Cornell Center for Translation of Cancer Nanomedicines, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Barney Yoo
- MSK-Cornell Center for Translation of Cancer Nanomedicines, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, New York, New York
| | - Melik Z Turker
- MSK-Cornell Center for Translation of Cancer Nanomedicines, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Kai Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York.,MSK-Cornell Center for Translation of Cancer Nanomedicines, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Pei-Ming Chen
- Department of Radiology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York.,MSK-Cornell Center for Translation of Cancer Nanomedicines, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Rupa Juthani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Virginia Aragon-Sanabria
- Department of Radiology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York.,MSK-Cornell Center for Translation of Cancer Nanomedicines, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mithat Gonen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York
| | - Charles M Rudin
- MSK-Cornell Center for Translation of Cancer Nanomedicines, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ulrich Wiesner
- MSK-Cornell Center for Translation of Cancer Nanomedicines, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Michelle S Bradbury
- Department of Radiology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York. .,MSK-Cornell Center for Translation of Cancer Nanomedicines, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York
| | - Cameron Brennan
- MSK-Cornell Center for Translation of Cancer Nanomedicines, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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23
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Manzanares D, Ceña V. Endocytosis: The Nanoparticle and Submicron Nanocompounds Gateway into the Cell. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12040371. [PMID: 32316537 PMCID: PMC7238190 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) and submicron particles are increasingly used as carriers for delivering therapeutic compounds to cells. Their entry into the cell represents the initial step in this delivery process, being most of the nanoparticles taken up by endocytosis, although other mechanisms can contribute to the uptake. To increase the delivery efficiency of therapeutic compounds by NPs and submicron particles is very relevant to understand the mechanisms involved in the uptake process. This review covers the proposed pathways involved in the cellular uptake of different NPs and submicron particles types as well as the role that some of the physicochemical nanoparticle characteristics play in the uptake pathway preferentially used by the nanoparticles to gain access and deliver their cargo inside the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darío Manzanares
- Unidad Asociada Neurodeath, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain;
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentín Ceña
- Unidad Asociada Neurodeath, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain;
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Co-delivery of GOLPH3 siRNA and gefitinib by cationic lipid-PLGA nanoparticles improves EGFR-targeted therapy for glioma. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:1575-1588. [PMID: 31673738 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01843-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive types of brain tumor. Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) are overexpressed in glioma, and EGFR amplifications and mutations lead to rapid proliferation and invasion. EGFR-targeted therapy might be an effective treatment for glioma. Gefitinib (Ge) is an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), and Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) expression is associated with worse glioma prognosis. Downregulation of GOLPH3 could promote EGFR degradation. Here, an angiopep-2 (A2)-modified cationic lipid-poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticle (A2-N) was developed that can release Ge and GOLPH3 siRNA (siGOLPH3) upon entering glioma cells and therefore acts as a combinatorial anti-tumor therapy. The in vitro and in vivo studies proved that A2-N/Ge/siGOLPH3 successfully crossed the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and targeted glioma. Released siGOLPH3 effectively silenced GOLPH3 mRNA expression and further promoted EGFR and p-EGFR degradation. Released Ge also markedly inhibited EGFR signaling. This combined EGFR-targeted action achieved remarkable anti-glioma effects and could be a safe and effective treatment for glioma. KEY MESSAGES: Angiopep-2-modified cationic lipid polymer can penetrate the BBB. Gefitinib can inhibit EGFR signaling and block the autophosphorylation of critical tyrosine residues on EGFR. GOLPH3 siRNA can be transfected into glioma and downregulate GLOPH3 expression. A2-N/Ge/siGOLPH3 can inhibit glioma growth.
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Jiang Y, Yu X, Su C, Zhao L, Shi Y. Chitosan nanoparticles induced the antitumor effect in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by regulating ROS-mediated mitochondrial damage and endoplasmic reticulum stress. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:747-756. [PMID: 30873872 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1577876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, numerous studies have confirmed the role of chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) as a promising drug delivery carrier for improving the efficiency of anticancer drug in the treatment of cancer. However, the possible biological effects of CS NPs on tumour cells and underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Recently, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cell apoptosis has been implicated in the regulation of cell death. In this study, we found that CS NPs induced the massive generation of ROS and resulted in apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells (SMMC-7721) through activating the mitochondrial pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress. These results suggest an important role of ROS in CS NPs-induced cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Jiang
- a School of Pharmacy , Jinzhou Medical University , Jinzhou , P. R. China
| | - Xiwei Yu
- a School of Pharmacy , Jinzhou Medical University , Jinzhou , P. R. China
| | - Chang Su
- b School of Veterinary Medicine , Jinzhou Medical University , Jinzhou , P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhao
- a School of Pharmacy , Jinzhou Medical University , Jinzhou , P. R. China
| | - Yijie Shi
- a School of Pharmacy , Jinzhou Medical University , Jinzhou , P. R. China
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Tavakol S, Ashrafizadeh M, Deng S, Azarian M, Abdoli A, Motavaf M, Poormoghadam D, Khanbabaei H, Afshar EG, Mandegary A, Pardakhty A, Yap CT, Mohammadinejad R, Kumar AP. Autophagy Modulators: Mechanistic Aspects and Drug Delivery Systems. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E530. [PMID: 31557936 PMCID: PMC6843293 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy modulation is considered to be a promising programmed cell death mechanism to prevent and cure a great number of disorders and diseases. The crucial step in designing an effective therapeutic approach is to understand the correct and accurate causes of diseases and to understand whether autophagy plays a cytoprotective or cytotoxic/cytostatic role in the progression and prevention of disease. This knowledge will help scientists find approaches to manipulate tumor and pathologic cells in order to enhance cellular sensitivity to therapeutics and treat them. Although some conventional therapeutics suffer from poor solubility, bioavailability and controlled release mechanisms, it appears that novel nanoplatforms overcome these obstacles and have led to the design of a theranostic-controlled drug release system with high solubility and active targeting and stimuli-responsive potentials. In this review, we discuss autophagy modulators-related signaling pathways and some of the drug delivery strategies that have been applied to the field of therapeutic application of autophagy modulators. Moreover, we describe how therapeutics will target various steps of the autophagic machinery. Furthermore, nano drug delivery platforms for autophagy targeting and co-delivery of autophagy modulators with chemotherapeutics/siRNA, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of basic science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Shuo Deng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Maryam Azarian
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Asghar Abdoli
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahsa Motavaf
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Delaram Poormoghadam
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences & Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, (IAUPS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hashem Khanbabaei
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Elham Ghasemipour Afshar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Ali Mandegary
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Abbas Pardakhty
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Celestial T Yap
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Dong Y, Fu R, Yang J, Ma P, Liang L, Mi Y, Fan D. Folic acid-modified ginsenoside Rg5-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy in vitro and in vivo. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:6971-6988. [PMID: 31507319 PMCID: PMC6718740 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s210882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ginsenoside Rg5 (Rg5), a triterpene saponin, extracted from the natural herbal plant ginseng, is one of the most potent anticancer drugs against various carcinoma cells. However, the therapeutic potential of Rg5 is limited by its low solubility in water, poor bioavailability, and nontargeted delivery. Therefore, we prepared folic acid (FA)-modified bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticles (FA-Rg5-BSA NPs) to improve the therapeutic efficacy and tumor targetability of Rg5. METHODS Various aspects of the FA-Rg5-BSA NPs were characterized, including size, polydispersity, zeta potential, morphology, entrapment efficiency (EE), drug loading (DL), in vitro drug release, thermal stability, in vitro cytotoxicity, cell apoptosis, cellular uptake, in vivo antitumor effects and in vivo biodistribution imaging. RESULTS The FA-Rg5-BSA NPs showed a particle size of 201.4 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.081, uniform spherical shape, and drug loading of 12.64±4.02%. The aqueous solution of FA-Rg5-BSA NPs had favorable stability for 8 weeks at 4°C. The FA-Rg5-BSA NPs dissolved under acidic conditions. Moreover, the Rg5-BSA NPs and FA-Rg5-BSA NPs had advanced anticancer activity compared with Rg5 in MCF-7 cells, while poor cytotoxicity was observed in L929 cells. The FA-Rg5-BSA NPs facilitated cellular uptake and induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. In addition, in an MCF-7 xenograft mouse model, the in vivo antitumor evaluation revealed that FA-Rg5-BSA NPs were more effective in inhibiting tumor growth than Rg5 and Rg5-BSA NPs. The in vivo real-time bioimaging study showed that the FA-Rg5-BSA NPs exhibited superior tumor accumulation ability. CONCLUSION The results suggested that FA-Rg5-BSA NPs could serve as a promising system to improve the antitumor effect of Rg5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Dong
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi710069, People’s Republic of China
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi710069, People’s Republic of China
- Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi710069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongzhan Fu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi710069, People’s Republic of China
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi710069, People’s Republic of China
- Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi710069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi710069, People’s Republic of China
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi710069, People’s Republic of China
- Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi710069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pei Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi710069, People’s Republic of China
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi710069, People’s Republic of China
- Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi710069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihua Liang
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi710069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Mi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi710069, People’s Republic of China
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi710069, People’s Republic of China
- Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi710069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daidi Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi710069, People’s Republic of China
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi710069, People’s Republic of China
- Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi710069, People’s Republic of China
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Raut SY, Manne AS, Kalthur G, Jain S, Mutalik S. Cyclodextrins as Carriers in Targeted Delivery of Therapeutic Agents: Focused Review on Traditional and Inimitable Applications. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:444-454. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190306163602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the article is to provide a comprehensive review on the application of cyclodextrin
complexation in the delivery of drugs, bioactive molecules or macromolecules, with more emphasis on targeted
drug delivery. Classically the cyclodextrins have been considered only as a means of improving the solubility of
drugs; however, many attempts have been made to use cyclodextrins as drug delivery carriers. The cyclodextrin
surface can be modified with various ligands for active targeting of drugs. It can also be passively targeted
through various triggering mechanisms like thermal, magnetic, pH dependent, light dependent, ultrasound, etc. A
comprehensive literature review has been done in the area of drug delivery using cyclodextrins. Applications of
inclusion complexes in the drug delivery through various routes with examples are discussed. This review focuses
on receptor mediated active targeting as well as stimuli responsive passive targeting of drugs/genes by using
cyclodextrins. The article provides a detailed insight of the use of cyclodextrins and their derivatives on the targeted
delivery of the drugs/genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Y. Raut
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Alekhya S.N. Manne
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Guruprasad Kalthur
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Sanyog Jain
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab 160062, India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
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29
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Liu J, Zheng J, Nie H, Zhang D, Cao D, Xing Z, Li B, Jia L. Molybdenum disulfide-based hyaluronic acid-guided multifunctional theranostic nanoplatform for magnetic resonance imaging and synergetic chemo-photothermal therapy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 548:131-144. [PMID: 30991180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The construction of multifunctional theranostic nanoplatforms to integrate accurate imaging and enhanced therapy to treat tumors is highly attractive but remains a challenge. Here, we developed a molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)-based hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized nanoplatform capable of achieving the targeted co-delivery of the gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents (CAs) and the anticancer drug gefitinib (Gef) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and synergetic chemo-photothermal therapy of tumors. Gd3+ ions were coupled to HA-grafted MoS2 nanosheets with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) as a linker, followed by the incorporation of Gef. The resulting MoS2-HA-DTPA-Gd/Gef exhibited enhanced relaxivity, 3.3 times greater than that of the commercial CA DTPA-Gd, which facilitated the MRI in vivo. Moreover, the nanoplatform effectively converted the absorbed near-infrared (NIR) light into heat, which not only induced the photothermal ablation of cancer cells but also triggered the release of Gef from MoS2-HA-DTPA-Gd/Gef, enabling the synergetic chemo-photothermal therapy. The results of in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that MoS2-HA-DTPA-Gd/Gef upon NIR irradiation effectively blocked the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway and activated apoptosis-related proteins to induce cell apoptosis and suppress cell proliferation, thus inhibiting the tumor growth in lung cancer cell-bearing mice. Taken together, this multifunctional theranostic nanoplatform has significant promise for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of the State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Junxia Zheng
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of the State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Huifang Nie
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of the State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Doudou Zhang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of the State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Dairong Cao
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Zhen Xing
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Bifei Li
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of the State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Lee Jia
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of the State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China; Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.
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30
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Shen S, Li Y, Xiao Y, Zhao Z, Zhang C, Wang J, Li H, Liu F, He N, Yuan Y, Lu Y, Guo S, Wang Y, Liao W, Liao Y, Chen Y, Bin J. Folate-conjugated nanobubbles selectively target and kill cancer cells via ultrasound-triggered intracellular explosion. Biomaterials 2018; 181:293-306. [PMID: 30096563 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of cancer-targeted nanotechnology, a variety of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have clinically been employed in cancer therapy. However, multidrug resistance significantly impacts the therapeutic efficacy. Physical non-drug therapy has emerged as a new and promising strategy. This study aimed to determine whether novel folate-nanobubbles (F-NBs), combined with therapeutic ultrasound (US), could act as a safe and effective physical targeted cancer therapy. Using folate-conjugated N-palmitoyl chitosan (F-PLCS), we developed novel F-NBs and characterised their physicochemical properties, internalization mechanism, targeting ability, therapeutic effects, and killing mechanism. The results showed that the novel F-NBs selectively accumulated in FR-positive endothelial cells and tumour cells via FR coupled with clathrin- and caveolin-mediated endocytosis in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the F-NBs killed target cells by an intracellular explosion under US irradiation. Hoechst/PI staining demonstrated that apoptosis and necrosis accounted for a large proportion of cell death in vivo. F-NBs combined with US therapy significantly inhibited tumour growth and improved the overall survival of tumour-bearing mice. Under US irradiation, the novel F-NBs selectively killed FR-positive tumour cells in vitro and in vivo via intracellular explosion and therefore is a promising alternative for targeted cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Yunbin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zonglei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chuanxi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Junfen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hairui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Nvqin He
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yongkang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shengcun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wangjun Liao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yulin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yanmei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Jianping Bin
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Paclitaxel and di-fluorinated curcumin loaded in albumin nanoparticles for targeted synergistic combination therapy of ovarian and cervical cancers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 167:8-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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32
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Ni XL, Chen LX, Zhang H, Yang B, Xu S, Wu M, Liu J, Yang LL, Chen Y, Fu SZ, Wu JB. In vitro and in vivo antitumor effect of gefitinib nanoparticles on human lung cancer. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:1501-1512. [PMID: 28961023 PMCID: PMC8241075 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1384862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Gefitinib (GEF) is the first epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting agent launched as an anticancer drug. It is an accepted opinion that modifying GEF strong hydrophobicity and poor bioavailability would not only enhance its antitumor effects, but also reduce its side effects. In this study, GEF-loadedpoly(ε-caprolactone)-poly(ethyleneglycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCEC) -bearing nanoparticles (GEF-NPs) were prepared by a solid dispersion method and characterized. The particle sizes increased with the increase in GEF/PCEC mass ratio in feed. GEF-NPs (10%) were mono-dispersed, smaller than 24 nm, zeta potential was approximately -18 mV, percentage encapsulation and loading, were more than 9% and 92%, respectively, and drug was slowly released but without a biphasic pattern. Microscopy studies of the optimized formulation confirmed that the prepared nanoparticles are spherical in nature. Cytotoxicity results indicated that cell growth inhibition induced by free GEF and GEF-NPs were dose and time dependent. Compared with free GEF, GEF-NPs enhanced antitumor effects, reduced side effects and significantly prolonged survival time in vivo. CD31, ki-67 and EGFR expression were significantly lower in the GEF-NPs group compared with other groups (p< .05). These findings demonstrated that GEF-NPs have the potential to attain superior outcomes and to overcome complications such as organs toxicity, therapeutic resistance and disease relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ling Ni
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Long Xia Chen
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ling Lin Yang
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Affiliated hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shao Zhi Fu
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Bo Wu
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Mary Lazer L, Sadhasivam B, Palaniyandi K, Muthuswamy T, Ramachandran I, Balakrishnan A, Pathak S, Narayan S, Ramalingam S. Chitosan-based nano-formulation enhances the anticancer efficacy of hesperetin. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 107:1988-1998. [PMID: 29032208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of increased morbidity and mortality in modern society. Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause for cancer related death worldwide. Current chemotherapeutics are not very effective and have severe side effects. Hesperetin is a bioflavonoid from citrus fruits and its clinical use is restricted because of the poor water solubility. Folate receptor is overexpressed in various cancer cells. Therefore, we synthesized the chitosan folate hesperetin nanoparticle (CFH) by covalently conjugating folic acid with chitosan molecules. The size of the CFH nanoparticles is around 450nm, which is advantageous for passively targeting the cancer cell specifically due to the leaky vasculature of the tumour. Particle surface and size were observed using SEM and TEM studies. The results show that hesperetin has an IC50 value of 190μM and it induces apoptosis in HCT15 cells, however, CFH is very potent in inhibiting the proliferation with the IC50 value of 28μM. In addition, CFH inhibited colony formation and induced apoptosis by regulating the expression of proapoptotic genes expression. Therefore, the chitosan - folic acid conjugation appears to be the suitable carrier for colorectal cancer cell-specific delivery of hesperetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizha Mary Lazer
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio-Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram - 603203, Tamil Nadu, India; Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Chennai - 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balaji Sadhasivam
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALMPGIBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai - 600113, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kanagaraj Palaniyandi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio-Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram - 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thangavel Muthuswamy
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Chennai - 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ilangovan Ramachandran
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALMPGIBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai - 600113, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anandan Balakrishnan
- Department of Genetics, Dr. ALMPGIBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai - 600113, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Chennai - 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shoba Narayan
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Chennai - 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Satish Ramalingam
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Chennai - 603103, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bio-Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram - 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Khattabi AM, Talib WH, Alqdeimat DA. A targeted drug delivery system of anti-cancer agents based on folic acid-cyclodextrin-long polymer functionalized silica nanoparticles. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Huang X, Huang J, Leng D, Yang S, Yao Q, Sun J, Hu J. Gefitinib-loaded DSPE-PEG2000 nanomicelles with CD133 aptamers target lung cancer stem cells. World J Surg Oncol 2017; 15:167. [PMID: 28854941 PMCID: PMC5577827 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-017-1230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to be the seed of lung cancer, and CD133 is a marker of lung CSCs. Here, we developed gefitinib-loaded poly(ethylene glycol) 2000-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine nanomicelles with CD133 aptamers (M-Gef-CD133) to eliminate CD133+ lung CSCs. Methods M-Gef-CD133 was prepared using a lipid-film-based approach. The targeting and activity of M-Gef-CD133 towards lung CSCs were evaluated. Results M-Gef-CD133 were small (25 nm) and showed enhanced cytotoxic effect towards CD133+ lung CSCs compared with non-targeted M-Gef and gefitinib. Notably, M-Gef-CD133 could significantly reduce tumor sphere formation and the percentage of CD133+ lung CSCs, indicating that it possesses selective toxicity against CD133+ lung CSCs. Conclusions The interaction of CD133 aptamers and CD133 shows promise in the delivery of gefitinib to CD133+ lung CSCs, and M-Gef-CD133 represents a promising treatment to target lung CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuhan NO. 1 Hospital, 215 Zhongshan Street, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Jingsong Huang
- Laboratory Medicine, Third Hubei Provincial People's Hospital, Zhongshan Street, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Dewen Leng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan NO. 1 Hospital, 215 Zhongshan Street, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuhan NO. 1 Hospital, 215 Zhongshan Street, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qi Yao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wuhan NO. 1 Hospital, 215 Zhongshan Street, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Physical examination, Wuhan Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, 18-20 Jianghanbei Road, Wuhan, 430016, China
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Basak S, Mondal S, Dey S, Bhattacharya P, Saha A, Deep Punetha V, Abbas A, Gopal Sahoo N. Fabrication of β-cyclodextrin-mediated single bimolecular inclusion complex: characterization, molecular docking, in-vitro release and bioavailability studies for gefitinib and simvastatin conjugate. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Introduction of multiple molecules in a single inclusion complex, albeit cheaper, lacks conclusive attempts in earlier drug delivery reports. This manuscript emphasizes simultaneous incorporation of two anticancer drugs, gefitinib (G) and simvastatin (S), in a single molecule of β-cyclodextrin for the first time to achieve effective drug delivery.
Methods
The inclusion complex (GSBCD) was prepared by cosolvent evaporation technique using β-cyclodextrin (BCD) as carrier. Characterization of GSBDC was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, COSY, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and dynamic light scattering analyses, which were ascribed to the complex formation inside BCD cavity, micronization of drugs and conversion to amorphous state.
Key findings
The complex revealed entrapment of G and S in 3 ± 0.48: 2 ± 0.19 molar ratio and showed more than 3.5 and 10 fold increase in drug release in in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Docking and COSY studies revealed molecular alignment into BCD central cavity that been achieved via hydrogen bonding between certain groups of the ligands (G and S) and the polar heads of BCD. Partial incorporation of the molecular backbone inside inclusion complex suggests superficial contact with the solvent indicating slow steady release kinetics.
Conclusions
This approach of forming inclusion complex with multiple molecules within a single cavity can be a landmark for further studies in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Basak
- Dr. B.C. Roy College of Pharmacy & Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur, India
| | - Sandip Mondal
- Dr. B.C. Roy College of Pharmacy & Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur, India
| | - Suddhasattya Dey
- Dr. B.C. Roy College of Pharmacy & Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur, India
| | | | - Achintya Saha
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Vinay Deep Punetha
- Department of Chemistry, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttrakhand, India
| | - Ali Abbas
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nanda Gopal Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttrakhand, India
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Boobalan R, Liu KK, Chao JI, Chen C. Synthesis and biological assay of erlotinib analogues and BSA-conjugated erlotinib analogue. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1784-1788. [PMID: 28268137 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of erlotinib analogues that have structural modification at 6,7-alkoxyl positions is efficiently synthesized. The in vitro anti-tumor activity of synthesized compounds is studied in two non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines (A549 and H1975). Among the synthesized compounds, the iodo compound 6 (ETN-6) exhibits higher anti-cancer activity compared to erlotinib. An efficient method is developed for the conjugation of erlotinib analogue-4, alcohol compound, with protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), via succinic acid linker. The in vitro anti-tumor activity of the protein attached erlotinib analogue, 8 (ETN-4-Suc-BSA), showed stronger inhibitory activity in both A549 and H1975 NSCLC cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Boobalan
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Soufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Kai Liu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Jui-I Chao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan.
| | - Chinpiao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Soufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
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Zhou S, Zhang X, Wang C. Rituximab-conjugated, doxorubicin-loaded microbubbles as a theranostic modality in B-cell lymphoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:4760-4772. [PMID: 27902473 PMCID: PMC5354869 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated rituximab-conjugated, doxorubicin-loaded microbubbles (RDMs) in combination with ultrasound as molecular imaging agents for early diagnosis of B cell lymphomas, and as a targeted drug delivery system. Rituximab, a monoclonal CD20 antibody, was attached to the surfaces of doxorubicin-loaded microbubbles. RDM binding to B cell lymphoma cells was assessed using immunofluorescence. The cytotoxic effects of RDMs in combination with ultrasound (RDMs+US) were evaluated in vitro in CD20+ and CD20– cell lines, and its antitumor activities were assessed in Raji (CD20+) and Jurkat (CD20–) lymphoma cell-grafted mice. RDMs specifically bound to CD20+ cells in vitro and in vivo. Contrast enhancement was monitored in vivo via ultrasound. RDM peak intensities and contrast enhancement durations were higher in Raji than in Jurkat cell-grafted mice (P<0.05). RDMs+US treatment resulted in improved antitumor effects and reduced systemic toxicity in Raji cell-grafted mice compared with other treatments (P<0.05). Our results showed that RDMs+US enhanced tumor targeting, reduced systemic toxicity, and inhibited CD20+ B cell lymphoma growth in vivo. Targeted RDMs could be employed as ultrasound molecular imaging agents for early diagnosis, and are an effective targeted drug delivery system in combination with ultrasound for CD20+ B cell malignancy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoubing Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xiu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Cailian Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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Ha KD, Bidlingmaier SM, Liu B. Macropinocytosis Exploitation by Cancers and Cancer Therapeutics. Front Physiol 2016; 7:381. [PMID: 27672367 PMCID: PMC5018483 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macropinocytosis has long been known as a primary method for cellular intake of fluid-phase and membrane-bound bulk cargo. This review seeks to re-examine the latest studies to emphasize how cancers exploit macropinocytosis to further their tumorigenesis, including details in how macropinocytosis can be adapted to serve diverse functions. Furthermore, this review will also cover the latest endeavors in targeting macropinocytosis as an avenue for novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Ha
- Department of Anesthesia, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Scott M Bidlingmaier
- Department of Anesthesia, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
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Cui SH, Zhi DF, Zhao YN, Chen HY, Meng Y, Zhang CM, Zhang SB. Cationic lioposomes with folic acid as targeting ligand for gene delivery. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4025-9. [PMID: 27426864 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.06.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In our previous Letter, we have carried out the synthesis of a novel DDCTMA cationic lipid which was formulated with DOPE for gene delivery. Herein, we used folic acid (FA) as targeting ligand and cholesterol (Chol) as helper lipid instead of DOPE for enhancing the stability of the liposomes. These liposomes were characterized by dynamic laser scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and agarose gel electrophoresis assays of pDNA binding affinity. The lipoplexes were prepared by using different weight ratios of DDCTMA/Chol (1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1) liposomes and different concentrations of FA (50-200μg/mL) combining with pDNA. The transfection efficiencies of the lipoplexes were evaluated using pGFP-N2 and pGL3 plasmid DNA against NCI-H460 cells in vitro. Among them, the optimum gene transfection efficiency with DDCTMA/Chol (3:1)/FA (100μg/mL) was obtained. The results showed that FA could improve the gene transfection efficiencies of DDCTMA/Chol cationic liposome. Our results also convincingly demonstrated FA (100μg/mL)-coated DDCTMA/Chol (3:1) cationic liposome could serve as a promising candidate for the gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Hui Cui
- SEAC-ME Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bio-resources Utilization, College of Life Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, Liaoning 116600, China
| | - De-Fu Zhi
- SEAC-ME Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bio-resources Utilization, College of Life Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, Liaoning 116600, China
| | - Yi-Nan Zhao
- SEAC-ME Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bio-resources Utilization, College of Life Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, Liaoning 116600, China
| | - Hui-Ying Chen
- SEAC-ME Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bio-resources Utilization, College of Life Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, Liaoning 116600, China
| | - Yao Meng
- SEAC-ME Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bio-resources Utilization, College of Life Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, Liaoning 116600, China
| | - Chuan-Min Zhang
- SEAC-ME Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bio-resources Utilization, College of Life Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, Liaoning 116600, China
| | - Shu-Biao Zhang
- SEAC-ME Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bio-resources Utilization, College of Life Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, Liaoning 116600, China.
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Dheer D, Arora D, Jaglan S, Rawal RK, Shankar R. Polysaccharides based nanomaterials for targeted anti-cancer drug delivery. J Drug Target 2016; 25:1-16. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2016.1172589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Masood F. Polymeric nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery system for cancer therapy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 60:569-578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Chen HP, Tung FI, Chen MH, Liu TY. A magnetic vehicle realized tumor cell-targeted radiotherapy using low-dose radiation. J Control Release 2016; 226:182-92. [PMID: 26892750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy, a common cancer treatment, often adversely affects the surrounding healthy tissue and/or cells. Some tumor tissue-focused radiation therapies have been developed to lower radiation-induced lesion formation; however, achieving tumor cell-targeted radiotherapy (i.e., precisely focusing the radiation efficacy to tumor cells) remains a challenge. In the present study, we developed a novel tumor cell-targeted radiotherapy, named targeted sensitization-enhanced radiotherapy (TSER), that exploits tumor-specific folic acid-conjugated carboxymethyl lauryl chitosan/superparamagnetic iron oxide (FA-CLC/SPIO) micelles to effectively deliver chlorin e6 (Ce6, a sonosensitizer) to mitochondria of HeLa cells under magnetic guidance. For the in vitro tests, the sensitization of Ce6 induced by ultrasound, that could weaken the radiation resistant ability of tumor cells, occurred only in Ce6-internalizing tumor cells. Therefore, low-dose X-ray irradiation, that was not harmful to normal cells, could exert high tumor cell-specific killing ability. The ratio of viable normal cells to tumor cells was increased considerably, from 7.8 (at 24h) to 97.1 (at 72h), after they had received TSER treatment. Our data suggest that TSER treatment significantly weakens tumor cells, resulting in decreased viability in vitro as well as decreased in vivo subcutaneous tumor growth in nude mice, while the adverse effects were minimal. Taken together, TSER treatment appears to be an effective, clinically feasible tumor cell-targeted radiotherapy that can solve the problems of traditional radiotherapy and photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ping Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fu-I Tung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Hong Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tse-Ying Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Biophotonics & Molecular Imaging Research Center (BMIRC), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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Yu X, Jin C. Application of albumin-based nanoparticles in the management of cancer. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:4. [PMID: 26610927 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5618-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the past three decades, tremendous progress has been made in cancer prevention and treatment. Despite these advances, a substantial number of cancer cases experience early recurrence and metastases. Thus, the better management of cancer, especially developing more effective drugs for combating cancer cells, is an arduous task. Albumin-based nanoparticles are emerging as a promising approach to replace the traditional way of carrying therapeutic drugs to a tumor site. In this review, we describe the basic knowledge on albumin-based nanoparticles, recent progress of using albumin-based nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, and the application of nanoparticle albumin bound (Nab) paclitaxel for the treatment of lung, breast and pancreatic cancer. Last but not least, we try to discuss future goals and perspectives in the field of drug delivery research, thereby facilitating the antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhe Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Middle Urumqi Road 12#, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Chen Jin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Middle Urumqi Road 12#, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Kuruppu AI, Zhang L, Collins H, Turyanska L, Thomas NR, Bradshaw TD. An Apoferritin-based Drug Delivery System for the Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Gefitinib. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:2816-21. [PMID: 26592186 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Anticancer drug Gefitinib encapsulated within human heavy chain apoferritin by diffusion allows pH-controlled sustained release of cargo. The combination of increased cellular uptake, and potent and enhanced antitumor activity against the HER2 overexpressing SKBR3 cell line compared to Gefitinib alone, makes it a promising carrier for delivery of drugs to tumor sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchala I. Kuruppu
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences; School of Pharmacy; The University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Lei Zhang
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences; School of Chemistry; The University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Hilary Collins
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences; School of Pharmacy; The University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Lyudmila Turyanska
- School of Physics and Astronomy; The University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Neil R. Thomas
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences; School of Chemistry; The University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Tracey D. Bradshaw
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences; School of Pharmacy; The University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
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Sun L, Wu Q, Peng F, Liu L, Gong C. Strategies of polymeric nanoparticles for enhanced internalization in cancer therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 135:56-72. [PMID: 26241917 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In order to achieve long circulation time and high drug accumulation in the tumor sites via the EPR effects, anticancer drugs have to be protected by non-fouling polymers such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), dextran, and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). However, the dense layer of stealth polymer also prohibits efficient uptake of anticancer drugs by target cancer cells. For cancer therapy, it is often more desirable to accomplish rapid cellular uptake after anticancer drugs arriving at the pathological site, which could on one hand maximize the therapeutic efficacy and on the other hand reduce probability of drug resistance in cells. In this review, special attention will be focused on the recent potential strategies that can enable drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles to rapidly recognize cancer cells, leading to enhanced internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Qinjie Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Feng Peng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Changyang Gong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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Butt AM, Mohd Amin MCI, Katas H. Synergistic effect of pH-responsive folate-functionalized poloxamer 407-TPGS-mixed micelles on targeted delivery of anticancer drugs. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:1321-34. [PMID: 25709451 PMCID: PMC4335624 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s78438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin (DOX), an anthracycline anticancer antibiotic, is used for treating various types of cancers. However, its use is associated with toxicity to normal cells and development of resistance due to overexpression of drug efflux pumps. Poloxamer 407 (P407) and vitamin E TPGS (D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate, TPGS) are widely used polymers as drug delivery carriers and excipients for enhancing the drug retention times and stability. TPGS reduces multidrug resistance, induces apoptosis, and shows selective anticancer activity against tumor cells. Keeping in view the problems, we designed a mixed micelle system encapsulating DOX comprising TPGS for its selective anticancer activity and P407 conjugated with folic acid (FA) for folate-mediated receptor targeting to cancer cells. METHODS FA-functionalized P407 was prepared by carbodiimide crosslinker chemistry. P407-TPGS/FA-P407-TPGS-mixed micelles were prepared by thin-film hydration method. Cytotoxicity of blank micelles, DOX, and DOX-loaded micelles was determined by alamarBlue(®) assay. RESULTS The size of micelles was less than 200 nm with encapsulation efficiency of 85% and 73% for P407-TPGS and FA-P407-TPGS micelles, respectively. Intracellular trafficking study using nile red-loaded micelles indicated improved drug uptake and perinuclear drug localization. The micelles show minimal toxicity to normal human cell line WRL-68, enhanced cellular uptake of DOX, reduced drug efflux, increased DOX-DNA binding in SKOV3 and DOX-resistant SKOV3 human ovarian carcinoma cell lines, and enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity as compared to free DOX. CONCLUSION FA-P407-TPGS-DOX micelles show potential as a targeted nano-drug delivery system for DOX due to their multiple synergistic factors of selective anticancer activity, inhibition of multidrug resistance, and folate-mediated selective uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Masood Butt
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Cairul Iqbal Mohd Amin
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Haliza Katas
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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