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Hotowy A, Strojny-Cieślak B, Ostrowska A, Zielińska-Górska M, Kutwin M, Wierzbicki M, Sosnowska M, Jaworski S, Chwalibóg A, Kotela I, Sawosz Chwalibóg E. Silver and Carbon Nanomaterials/Nanocomplexes as Safe and Effective ACE2-S Binding Blockers on Human Skin Cell Lines. Molecules 2024; 29:3581. [PMID: 39124987 PMCID: PMC11313757 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a crucial functional receptor of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Although the scale of infections is no longer at pandemic levels, there are still fatal cases. The potential of the virus to infect the skin raises questions about new preventive measures. In the context of anti-SARS-CoV-2 applications, the interactions of antimicrobial nanomaterials (silver, Ag; diamond, D; graphene oxide, GO and their complexes) were examined to assess their ability to affect whether ACE2 binds with the virus. (2) Methods: ACE2 inhibition competitive tests and in vitro treatments of primary human adult epidermal keratinocytes (HEKa) and primary human adult dermal fibroblasts (HDFa) were performed to assess the blocking capacity of nanomaterials/nanocomplexes and their toxicity to cells. (3) Results: The nanocomplexes exerted a synergistic effect compared to individual nanomaterials. HEKa cells were more sensitive than HDFa cells to Ag treatments and high concentrations of GO. Cytotoxic effects were not observed with D. In the complexes, both carbonic nanomaterials had a soothing effect against Ag. (4) Conclusions: The Ag5D10 and Ag5GO10 nanocomplexes seem to be most effective and safe for skin applications to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection by blocking ACE2-S binding. These nanocomplexes should be evaluated through prolonged in vivo exposure. The expected low specificity enables wider applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hotowy
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (B.S.-C.); (A.O.); (M.Z.-G.); (M.K.); (M.W.); (M.S.); (S.J.); (E.S.C.)
| | - Barbara Strojny-Cieślak
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (B.S.-C.); (A.O.); (M.Z.-G.); (M.K.); (M.W.); (M.S.); (S.J.); (E.S.C.)
| | - Agnieszka Ostrowska
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (B.S.-C.); (A.O.); (M.Z.-G.); (M.K.); (M.W.); (M.S.); (S.J.); (E.S.C.)
| | - Marlena Zielińska-Górska
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (B.S.-C.); (A.O.); (M.Z.-G.); (M.K.); (M.W.); (M.S.); (S.J.); (E.S.C.)
| | - Marta Kutwin
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (B.S.-C.); (A.O.); (M.Z.-G.); (M.K.); (M.W.); (M.S.); (S.J.); (E.S.C.)
| | - Mateusz Wierzbicki
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (B.S.-C.); (A.O.); (M.Z.-G.); (M.K.); (M.W.); (M.S.); (S.J.); (E.S.C.)
| | - Malwina Sosnowska
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (B.S.-C.); (A.O.); (M.Z.-G.); (M.K.); (M.W.); (M.S.); (S.J.); (E.S.C.)
| | - Sławomir Jaworski
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (B.S.-C.); (A.O.); (M.Z.-G.); (M.K.); (M.W.); (M.S.); (S.J.); (E.S.C.)
| | - André Chwalibóg
- Section of Production, Nutrition and Health, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ireneusz Kotela
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Medical Institute of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland;
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, 25-369 Kielce, Poland
| | - Ewa Sawosz Chwalibóg
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (B.S.-C.); (A.O.); (M.Z.-G.); (M.K.); (M.W.); (M.S.); (S.J.); (E.S.C.)
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Strojny-Cieślak B, Jaworski S, Wierzbicki M, Pruchniewski M, Sosnowska-Ławnicka M, Szczepaniak J, Lange A, Koczoń P, Zielińska-Górska M, Chwalibóg ES. The cytocompatibility of graphene oxide as a platform to enhance the effectiveness and safety of silver nanoparticles through in vitro studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-30151-1. [PMID: 37824053 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The increasing emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the need to reduce the use of antibiotics call for the development of safe alternatives, such as silver nanoparticles. However, their potential cytotoxic effect needs to be addressed. Graphene oxide provides a large platform that can increase the effectiveness and safety of silver nanoparticles. Graphene oxide and silver nanoparticles complex applied as a part of an innovative material might have direct contact with human tissues, such as skin, or might be inhaled from aerosol or exfoliated pieces of the complex. Thereby, the safety of the prepared complex has to be evaluated carefully, employing a range of methods. We demonstrated the high cytocompatibility of graphene oxide and the graphene oxide-silver nanoparticles complex toward human cell lines, fetal foreskin fibroblasts (HFFF2), and lung epithelial cells (A549). The supporting platform of graphene oxide also neutralized the slight toxicity of bare silver nanoparticles. Finally, in studies on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the number of bacteria reduction was observed after incubation with silver nanoparticles and the graphene oxide-silver nanoparticles complex. Our findings confirm the possibility of employing a graphene oxide-silver nanoparticles complex as a safe agent with reduced silver nanoparticles' cytotoxicity and antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Strojny-Cieślak
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Sławomir Jaworski
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wierzbicki
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Pruchniewski
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malwina Sosnowska-Ławnicka
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Szczepaniak
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Lange
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Koczoń
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marlena Zielińska-Górska
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Sawosz Chwalibóg
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Huangfu H, Du S, Zhang H, Wang H, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Zhang X, Ren S, Chen S, Wang C, Zhang Y, Zhou Y. Facile engineering of resveratrol nanoparticles loaded with 20(S)-protopanaxadiol for the treatment of periodontitis by regulating the macrophage phenotype. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:7894-7908. [PMID: 37060139 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06452a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease, mainly caused by the formation of a subgingival plaque biofilm. In recent years, growing attention has been paid to immunotherapy in the treatment of periodontitis, and the importance of communal intervention associated with macrophage polarization was emphasized. Herein, resveratrol (RES) and 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD) were successfully self-assembled into RES@PPD nanoparticles (NPs) by the phenolic resin reaction. RES@PPD NPs have good stability and biocompatibility. The combined application of PPD and RES enhances the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of nanocomposites, remarkably reduces the level of reactive oxygen species, and finally realizes the coordinated regulation of host immunity in periodontitis. The detailed mechanism is as follows: RES@PPD NPs inhibit M1 polarization of macrophages, promote M2 polarization by scavenging ROS, and then inhibit the NF-κB signalling pathway to regulate host immunity. In the animal model of periodontitis, RES@PPD NPs can remarkably decrease the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, up-regulate the anti-inflammatory cytokines, and exhibit a profound therapeutic effect on local inflammation. Therefore, RES@PPD NPs are effective in antioxidation and anti-inflammation, thus providing a promising candidate drug for the treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Huangfu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shulin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hanchi Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xinwei Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Sicong Ren
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Cuizhu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Yidi Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
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Signaling strategies of silver nanoparticles in optical and electrochemical biosensors: considering their potential for the point-of-care. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:91. [PMID: 36790481 PMCID: PMC9930094 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05666-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have long been overshadowed by gold NPs' success in sensor and point-of-care (POC) applications. However, their unique physical, (electro)chemical, and optical properties make them excellently suited for such use, as long as their inherent higher instability toward oxidation is controlled. Recent advances in this field provide novel strategies that demonstrate that the AgNPs' inherent capabilities improve sensor performance and enable the specific detection of analytes at low concentrations. We provide an overview of these advances by focusing on the nanosized Ag (in the range of 1-100 nm) properties with emphasis on optical and electrochemical biosensors. Furthermore, we critically assess their potential for point-of-care sensors discussing advantages as well as limitations for each detection technique. We can conclude that, indeed, strategies using AgNP are ready for sensitive POC applications; however, research focusing on the simplification of assay procedures is direly needed for AgNPs to make the successful jump into actual applications.
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Gungordu Er S, Edirisinghe M, Tabish TA. Graphene-Based Nanocomposites as Antibacterial, Antiviral and Antifungal Agents. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2201523. [PMID: 36511355 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, there have been many interesting studies in the scientific literature about the interaction of graphene-based polymeric nanocomposites with microorganisms to tackle antimicrobial resistance. These studies have reported variable intensities of biocompatibility and selectivity for the nanocomposites toward a specific strain, but it is widely believed that graphene nanocomposites have antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activities. Such antibacterial activity is due to several mechanisms by which graphene nanocomposites can act on cells including stimulating oxidative stress; disrupting membranes due to sharp edges; greatly changing core structure mechanical strength and coarseness. However, the underlying mechanisms of graphene nanocomposites as antiviral and antifungal agents remain relatively scarce. In this review, recent advances in the synthesis, functional tailoring, and antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal applications of graphene nanocomposites are summarized. The synthesis of graphene materials and graphene-based polymeric nanocomposites with techniques such as pressurized gyration, electrospinning, chemical vapor deposition, and layer-by-layer self-assembly is first introduced. Then, the antimicrobial mechanisms of graphene membranes are presented and demonstrated typical in vitro and in vivo studies on the use of graphene nanocomposites for antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal applications. Finally, the review describes the biosafety, current limitations, and potential of antimicrobial graphene-based nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Gungordu Er
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Mohan Edirisinghe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Tanveer A Tabish
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.,Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.,Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Begbroke Science Park, Oxford, OX5 1PF, UK
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Itoo AM, Vemula SL, Gupta MT, Giram MV, Kumar SA, Ghosh B, Biswas S. Multifunctional graphene oxide nanoparticles for drug delivery in cancer. J Control Release 2022; 350:26-59. [PMID: 35964787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in nanotechnology have enabled us to develop sophisticated multifunctional nanoparticles or nanosystems for targeted diagnosis and treatment of several illnesses, including cancers. To effectively treat any solid tumor, the therapy should preferably target just the malignant cells/tissue with minor damage to normal cells/tissues. Graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles have gained considerable interest owing to their two-dimensional planar structure, chemical/mechanical stability, excellent photosensitivity, superb conductivity, high surface area, and good biocompatibility in cancer therapy. Many compounds have been functionalized on the surface of GO to increase their biological applications and minimize cytotoxicity. The review presents an overview of the physicochemical characteristics, strategies for various modifications, toxicity and biocompatibility of graphene and graphene oxide, current trends in developing GO-based nano constructs as a drug delivery cargo and other biological applications, including chemo-photothermal therapy, chemo-photodynamic therapy, bioimaging, and theragnosis in cancer. Further, the review discusses the challenges and opportunities of GO, GO-based nanomaterials for the said applications. Overall, the review focuses on the therapeutic potential of strategically developed GO nanomedicines and comprehensively discusses their opportunities and challenges in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Mohd Itoo
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Medchal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Sree Lakshmi Vemula
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Medchal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Mahima Tejasvni Gupta
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Medchal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Mahesh Vilasrao Giram
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Medchal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Sangishetty Akhil Kumar
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Medchal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Medchal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Swati Biswas
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Medchal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India.
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Arezki Y, Rapp M, Lebeau L, Ronzani C, Pons F. Cationic Carbon Nanoparticles Induce Inflammasome-Dependent Pyroptosis in Macrophages via Lysosomal Dysfunction. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:925399. [PMID: 35928766 PMCID: PMC9345407 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.925399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials, including carbon dots (CDs), form a growing family of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) with widespread applications. As the rapid expansion of nanotechnologies raises safety concerns, interaction of NPs with the immune system is receiving a lot of attention. Recent studies have reported that engineered NPs may induce macrophage death by pyroptosis. Therefore, this study investigated whether cationic CDs induce pyroptosis in human macrophages and assessed the role of inflammasome and lysosome in this process. Cationic CDs were synthetized by microwave-assisted pyrolysis of citric acid and high molecular weight branched polyethyleneimine. The NPs evoked a dose-dependent viability loss in THP-1-derived macrophages. A cell leakage, an increase in IL-1β secretion and an activation of caspase-1 were also observed in response to the NPs. Inhibition of caspase-1 decreased CD-induced cell leakage and IL-1β secretion, while restoring cell viability. Besides, CDs triggered swelling and loss of integrity of lysosome, and inhibition of the lysosomal enzyme cathepsin B decreased CD-induced IL-1β secretion. Thus, our data provide evidence that cationic CDs induce inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis in macrophages via lysosomal dysfunction.
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Molecular Biocompatibility of a Silver Nanoparticle Complex with Graphene Oxide to Human Skin in a 3D Epidermis In Vitro Model. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071398. [PMID: 35890292 PMCID: PMC9319156 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) can migrate to tissues and cells of the body, as well as to agglomerate, which reduces the effectiveness of their use for the antimicrobial protection of the skin. Graphene oxide (GO), with a super-thin flake structure, can be a carrier of AgNP that stabilizes their movement without inhibiting their antibacterial properties. Considering that the human skin is often the first contact with antimicrobial agent, the aim of the study was to assess whether the application of the complex of AgNP and GO is biocompatible with the skin model in in vitro studies. The conducted tests were performed in accordance with the criteria set in OECD TG439. AgNP-GO complex did not influence the genotoxicity and metabolism of the tissue. Furthermore, the complex reduced the pro-inflammatory properties of AgNP by reducing expression of IP-10 (interferon gamma-induced protein 10), IL-3 (interleukin 3), and IL-4 (interleukin 4) as well as MIP1β (macrophage inflammatory protein 1β) expressed in the GO group. Moreover, it showed a positive effect on the micro- and ultra-structure of the skin model. In conclusion, the synergistic effect of AgNP and GO as a complex can activate the process of epidermis renewal, which makes it suitable for use as a material for skin contact.
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Stimulation of Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells with Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Affect Cancer Progression. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2021; 69:20. [PMID: 34327598 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-021-00625-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Sole nanomaterials or nanomaterials bound to specific biomolecules have been proposed to regulate the immune system. These materials have now emerged as new tools for eliciting immune-based therapies to treat various cancers. Graphene, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced GO (rGO) are the latest nanomaterials among other carbon nanotubes that have attracted wide interest among medical industry players due to their extraordinary properties, inert-state, non-toxic and stable dispersion in a various solvent. Currently, GO and rGO are utilized in various biomedical application including cancer immunotherapy. This review will highlight studies that have been carried out in elucidating the stimulation of GO and rGO on selected innate and adaptive immune cells and their effect on cancer progression to shed some insights for researchers in the development of various GO- and rGO-based immune therapies against various cancers.
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10
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Ortega V, Radaic A, de Jesus MB, de Paula E, Giorgio S. Improved efficacy of meglumine antimoniate incorporated in anionic liposomes against Leishmania infantum infecting canine macrophages. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:896-904. [PMID: 34289045 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease and several drugs have been used in the treatment, including meglumine antimoniate (AME). The chemotherapy reaches clinical cure but does not eliminate parasites, contributing to drug resistance. To improve AME efficacy we incorporated it in anionic liposomes. The antiparasitic activity and intracellular localization were investigated in canine macrophages infected with Leishmania infantum. METHODS Liposomes (L-AME) is composed of egg phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, palmitoyl oleoyl phosphatidyl serine and α-tocopherol (4 : 3 : 0.4 : 0.07 mol%) plus AME. L-AME size, polydispersity, zeta potential and morphology were analysed as well as antileishmanial activity and intracellular localization in DH82 macrophages. KEY FINDINGS Liposomes (360 nm) zeta potential range from -40 to -65 mV, had 23% encapsulation efficiency and were stable for 180 days at 4°C. Free AME was cytotoxic towards L. infantum infected macrophages (ID50 = 0.012 M) while L-AME did not reduce cell viability. L-AME colocalized with parasites inside macrophages in a time-dependent manner, and reduced the percentage of infected cells and the number of intracellular parasites, decreasing the infection index (75-80%) twice as compared with AME treatment. CONCLUSIONS Liposomal AME is a promising delivery system for treating visceral leishmaniasis, improving meglumine efficacy against L. infantum and minimizing its cytotoxicity towards canine macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Ortega
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Allan Radaic
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Bispo de Jesus
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Eneida de Paula
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Selma Giorgio
- Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Li R, Chen T, Pan X. Metal-Organic-Framework-Based Materials for Antimicrobial Applications. ACS NANO 2021; 15:3808-3848. [PMID: 33629585 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
To address the serious threat of bacterial infection to public health, great efforts have been devoted to the development of antimicrobial agents for inhibiting bacterial growth, preventing biofilm formation, and sterilization. Very recently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising materials for various antimicrobial applications owing to their different functions including the controlled/stimulated decomposition of components with bactericidal activity, strong interactions with bacterial membranes, and formation of photogenerated reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as high loading and sustained releasing capacities for other antimicrobial materials. This review focuses on recent advances in the design, synthesis, and antimicrobial applications of MOF-based materials, which are classified by their roles as component-releasing (metal ions, ligands, or both), photocatalytic, and chelation antimicrobial agents as well as carriers or/and synergistic antimicrobial agents of other functional materials (antibiotics, enzymes, metals/metal oxides, carbon materials, etc.). The constituents, fundamental antimicrobial mechanisms, and evaluation of antimicrobial activities of these materials are highlighted to present the design principles of efficient MOF-based antimicrobial materials. The prospects and challenges in this research field are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Tongtong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014, China
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Yuan YG, Cai HQ, Wang JL, Mesalam A, Md Talimur Reza AM, Li L, Chen L, Qian C. Graphene Oxide-Silver Nanoparticle Nanocomposites Induce Oxidative Stress and Aberrant Methylation in Caprine Fetal Fibroblast Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030682. [PMID: 33808775 PMCID: PMC8003532 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide–silver nanoparticle (GO-AgNPs) nanocomposites have drawn much attention for their potential in biomedical uses. However, the potential toxicity of GO-AgNPs in animals and humans remains unknown, particularly in the developing fetus. Here, we reported the GO-AgNP-mediated cytotoxicity and epigenetic alteration status in caprine fetal fibroblast cells (CFFCs). In brief, the proliferation and apoptosis rate of GO-AgNP-treated CFFCs (4 and 8 µg/mL of GO-AgNPs) were measured using the cell-counting kit (CCK-8) assay and the annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) assay, respectively. In addition, the oxidative stress induced by GO-AgNPs and detailed mechanisms were studied by evaluating the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and caspase-3 and abnormal methylation. The expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes and DNA methyltransferases was measured using reverse transcription followed by RT-qPCR. Our data indicated that GO-AgNPs cause cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. GO-AgNPs induced significant cytotoxicity by the loss of cell viability, production of ROS, increasing leakage of LDH and level of MDA, increasing expression of pro-apoptotic genes, and decreasing expression of anti-apoptotic genes. GO-AgNPs incited DNA hypomethylation and the decreased expression of DNMT3A. Taken together, this study showed that GO-AgNPs increase the generation of ROS and cause apoptosis and DNA hypomethylation in CFFCs. Therefore, the potential applications of GO-AgNPs in biomedicine should be re-evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Guo Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.-Q.C.); (J.-L.W.); (L.L.); (L.C.); (C.Q.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-514-87979228
| | - He-Qing Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.-Q.C.); (J.-L.W.); (L.L.); (L.C.); (C.Q.)
| | - Jia-Lin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.-Q.C.); (J.-L.W.); (L.L.); (L.C.); (C.Q.)
| | - Ayman Mesalam
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Abu Musa Md Talimur Reza
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ling Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.-Q.C.); (J.-L.W.); (L.L.); (L.C.); (C.Q.)
| | - Li Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.-Q.C.); (J.-L.W.); (L.L.); (L.C.); (C.Q.)
| | - Chen Qian
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.-Q.C.); (J.-L.W.); (L.L.); (L.C.); (C.Q.)
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Kumar SR, Hsu YH, Vi TTT, Pang JHS, Lee YC, Hsieh CH, Lue SJ. Graphene Oxide-Induced Protein Conformational Change in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells: A Joint Research on Cytotoxicity and Photon Therapy. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:1396. [PMID: 33805683 PMCID: PMC8001416 DOI: 10.3390/ma14061396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this work aim to investigate the interaction and cytotoxicity between nanometric graphene oxide (GO) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (NPC-BM1), and possible application in photon therapy. GO nanosheets were obtained in the size range of 100-200 nm, with a negative surface charge. This nanometric GO exhibited a limited (<10%) cytotoxicity effect and no significant dimensional change on NPC-BM1 cells in the tested GO concentration range (0.1-10 µg·mL-1). However, the secondary protein structure was modified in the GO-treated NPC-BM1 cells, as determined through synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (SR-FTIRM) mapping. To further study the cellular response of GO-treated NPC-BM1 cancer cells at low GO concentration (0.1 µg·mL-1), photon radiation was applied with increasing doses, ranging from 2 to 8 Gy. The low radiation energy (<5 Gy) did not cause significant cell mortality (5-7%). Increasing the radiation energy to 6-8 Gy accelerated cell apoptosis rate, especially in the GO-treated NPC-BM1 cells (27%). This necrosis may be due to GO-induced conformational changes in protein and DNA/RNA, resulting in cell vulnerability under photon radiation. The findings of the present work demonstrate the potential biological applicability of nanometric GO in different areas, such as targeted drug delivery, cellular imaging, and radiotherapy, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (S.R.K.); (T.T.T.V.)
| | - Ya-Hui Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-H.H.); (J.-H.S.P.)
| | - Truong Thi Tuong Vi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (S.R.K.); (T.T.T.V.)
| | - Jong-Hwei Su Pang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-H.H.); (J.-H.S.P.)
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Dinghu Road, Guishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsin Ann Road, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Hsun Hsieh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, Jincheng Road, New Taipei City 236, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Fusing Street, Guishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Shingjiang Jessie Lue
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (S.R.K.); (T.T.T.V.)
- Division of Join Reconstruction, Department of Orthopedics, Chang Gung Medical Center at Linkou, Fusing Street, Guishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Safety, Health and Environment Engineering, Ming-Chi University of Technology, Gongzhuan Road, Taishan, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
- Center for Environmental Sustainability and Human Health, Ming-Chi University of Technology, Gongzhuan Road, Taishan, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
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14
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de Medeiros AMZ, Khan LU, da Silva GH, Ospina CA, Alves OL, de Castro VL, Martinez DST. Graphene oxide-silver nanoparticle hybrid material: an integrated nanosafety study in zebrafish embryos. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111776. [PMID: 33341698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This work reports an integrated nanosafety study including the synthesis and characterization of the graphene oxide-silver nanoparticle hybrid material (GO-AgNPs) and its nano-ecotoxicity evaluation in the zebrafish embryo model. The influences of natural organic matter (NOM) and a chorion embryo membrane were considered in this study, looking towards more environmentally realistic scenarios and standardized nanotoxicity testing. The nanohybrid was successfully synthesized using the NaBH4 aqueous method, and AgNPs (~ 5.8 nm) were evenly distributed over the GO surface. GO-AgNPs showed a dose-response acute toxicity: the LC50 was 1.5 mg L-1 for chorionated embryos. The removal of chorion, however, increased this toxic effect by 50%. Furthermore, the presence of NOM mitigated mortality, and LC50 for GO-AgNPs changed respectively from 2.3 to 1.2 mg L-1 for chorionated and de-chorionated embryos. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the ingestion of GO by embryos; but without displaying acute toxicity up to 100 mg L-1, indicating that the silver drove toxicity down. Additionally, it was observed that silver nanoparticle dissolution has a minimal effect on these observed toxicity results. Finally, understanding the influence of chorion membranes and NOM is a critical step towards the standardization of testing for zebrafish embryo toxicity in safety assessments and regulatory issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline M Z de Medeiros
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratoy (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil; Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo State, Brazil; Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Environment), Jaguariúna, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Latif U Khan
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratoy (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Gabriela H da Silva
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratoy (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Ospina
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratoy (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Oswaldo L Alves
- Laboratory of Solid State Chemistry (LQES) and NanoBioss Laboratory, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Vera Lúcia de Castro
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Environment), Jaguariúna, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Diego Stéfani T Martinez
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratoy (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil; Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo State, Brazil; Laboratory of Solid State Chemistry (LQES) and NanoBioss Laboratory, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil.
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15
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Jovito BL, Paterno LG, Sales MJA, Gross MA, Silva LP, de Souza P, Báo SN. Graphene Oxide/Zinc Oxide Nanocomposite Displaying Selective Toxicity to Glioblastoma Cell Lines. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara L. Jovito
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Animal Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | | | - Maria J. A. Sales
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos A. Gross
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Luciano P. Silva
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Paulo de Souza
- Institute of Physics, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Sônia N. Báo
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
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16
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Chen Y, Wu W, Xu Z, Jiang C, Han S, Ruan J, Wang Y. Photothermal-assisted antibacterial application of graphene oxide-Ag nanocomposites against clinically isolated multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:192019. [PMID: 32874607 PMCID: PMC7428222 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.192019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In the field of public health, treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infection is a great challenge. Herein, we provide a solution to this problem with the use of graphene oxide-silver (GO-Ag) nanocomposites as antibacterial agent. Following established protocols, silver nanoparticles were grown on graphene oxide sheets. Then, a series of in vitro studies were conducted to validate the antibacterial efficiency of the GO-Ag nanocomposites against clinical MDR Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains. GO-Ag nanocomposites showed the highest antibacterial efficiency among tested antimicrobials (graphene oxide, silver nanoparticles, GO-Ag), and synergetic antibacterial effect was observed in GO-Ag nanocomposites treated group. Treatment with 14.0 µg ml-1 GO-Ag could greatly inhibit bacteria growth; remaining bacteria viabilities were 4.4% and 4.1% for MDR-1 and MDR-2 E. coli bacteria, respectively. In addition, with assistance of photothermal effect, effective sterilization could be achieved using GO-Ag nanocomposites as low as 7.0 µg ml-1. Fluorescence imaging and morphology characterization uncovered that bacteria integrity was disrupted after GO-Ag nanocomposites treatment. Cytotoxicity results of GO-Ag using human-derived cell lines (HEK 293T, Hep G2) suggested more than 80% viability remained at 7.0 µg ml-1. All the results proved that GO-Ag nanocomposites are efficient antibacterial agent against multidrug-resistant E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Chen
- Children's ENT Department, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 214122 Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 214002 Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeqiao Xu
- Urology Surgery Department, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 214122 Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 214122 Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Han
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ruan
- Urology Surgery Department, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 214122 Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- Urology Surgery Department, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 214122 Wuxi, People's Republic of China
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17
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Sahu D, Sarkar N, Mohapatra P, Swain SK. Rhodamine B associated Ag/r-GO nanocomposites as ultrasensitive fluorescent sensor for Hg2+. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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18
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Di Cristo L, Grimaldi B, Catelani T, Vázquez E, Pompa PP, Sabella S. Repeated exposure to aerosolized graphene oxide mediates autophagy inhibition and inflammation in a three-dimensional human airway model. Mater Today Bio 2020; 6:100050. [PMID: 32322818 PMCID: PMC7171197 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2020.100050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hazard evaluation of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) using real-world exposure scenario could provide better interpretation of toxicity end points for their use in the assessment of human safety and for their implications in many fields such as toxicology, nanomedicine, and so forth. However, most of the current studies, both in vivo and in vitro, do not reflect realistic conditions of human exposure to ENMs, due to the high doses implemented. Moreover, the use of cellular models cultured under submerged conditions limits their physiological relevance for lung exposure, where cells are primarily cultured at the air-liquid interface. Addressing such issues is even more challenging for emergent nanomaterials, such as graphene oxide (GO), for which little or no information on exposure is available. In this work, we studied the impact of repeated exposure of GO on a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruct of human bronchial tissue, using a nebulizer system focusing on short-term effects. The selected doses (reaching a maximum of ca. 20 μg/cm2 for a period of 4 weeks of exposure) were extrapolated from alveolar mass deposition values of a broader class of carbon-based nanomaterials, reflecting a full working lifetime of human exposure. Experimental results did not show strong toxic effects of GO in terms of viability and integrity of the lung tissue. However, since 2 weeks of treatment, repeated GO exposure elicited a proinflammatory response, moderate barrier impairment, and autophagosome accumulation, a process resulting from blockade of autophagy flux. Interestingly, the 3D airway model could recover such an effect by restoring autophagy flux at longer exposure (30 days). These findings indicate that prolonged exposure to GO produces a time window (during the 30 days of treatment set for this study) for which GO-mediated autophagy inhibition along with inflammation may potentially increase the susceptibility of exposed humans to pulmonary infections and/or lung diseases. This study also highlights the importance of using physiologically relevant in vitro models and doses derived from real-world exposure to obtain focused data for the assessment of human safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Di Cristo
- Drug Discovery and Development Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16136, Italy
| | - B Grimaldi
- Drug Discovery and Development Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16136, Italy
| | - T Catelani
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - E Vázquez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, 13071, Spain
| | - P P Pompa
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - S Sabella
- Drug Discovery and Development Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16136, Italy
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Cobos M, De-La-Pinta I, Quindós G, Fernández MJ, Fernández MD. Graphene Oxide-Silver Nanoparticle Nanohybrids: Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Properties. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E376. [PMID: 32098083 PMCID: PMC7075288 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance of pathogenic microorganisms has become a global public health problem, which has prompted the development of new materials with antimicrobial properties. In this context, antimicrobial nanohybrids are an alternative due to their synergistic properties. In this study, we used an environmentally friendly one-step approach to synthesize graphene oxide (GO) decorated with silver nanoparticles (GO-AgNPs). By this process, spherical AgNPs of average size less than 4 nm homogeneously distributed on the surface of the partially reduced GO can be generated in the absence of any stabilizing agent, only with ascorbic acid (L-AA) as a reducing agent and AgNO3 as a metal precursor. The size of the AgNPs can be controlled by the AgNO3 concentration and temperature. Smaller AgNPs are obtained at lower concentrations of the silver precursor and lower temperatures. The antimicrobial properties of nanohybrids against Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, and the yeast Candida albicans were found to be concentration- and time-dependent. C. albicans and S. aureus showed the highest susceptibility to GO-AgNPs. These nanohybrids can be used as nanofillers in polymer nanocomposites to develop materials with antimicrobial activity for applications in different areas, and another potential application could be cancer therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Cobos
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain; (M.C.); (M.J.F.)
| | - Iker De-La-Pinta
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa 48940, Spain; (I.D.-L.-P.); (G.Q.)
| | - Guillermo Quindós
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa 48940, Spain; (I.D.-L.-P.); (G.Q.)
| | - M. Jesús Fernández
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain; (M.C.); (M.J.F.)
| | - M. Dolores Fernández
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain; (M.C.); (M.J.F.)
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20
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Wierzbicki M, Jaworski S, Sawosz E, Jung A, Gielerak G, Jaremek H, Łojkowski W, Woźniak B, Stobiński L, Małolepszy A, Chwalibog A. Graphene Oxide in a Composite with Silver Nanoparticles Reduces the Fibroblast and Endothelial Cell Cytotoxicity of an Antibacterial Nanoplatform. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:320. [PMID: 31602544 PMCID: PMC6787127 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-3166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Antibacterial surfaces coated with nanomaterials, including silver nanoparticles, are considered effective alternative antimicrobial agents that can be used instead of antibiotics and chemical agents. However, reports of the potential toxicity of these materials raise questions about the safety of their use in biomedical applications. The objective of this research was to reduce the human cell cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticle-coated polyurethane foils by complexing silver nanoparticles with graphene oxide. The antimicrobial activity of nanoplatforms coated with silver nanoparticles, graphene oxide and the composite of silver nanoparticles and graphene oxide was assessed with Salmonella enteritidis. Cytotoxicity was analysed by an analysis of the viability and morphology of human fibroblasts, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane. Additionally, the synthesis level of inflammatory proteins was examined for fibroblasts cultured on different nanoplatforms. The nanoplatform coated with the silver nanoparticles and graphene oxide composite showed strongest antibacterial properties, although nanoplatforms coated with only silver nanoparticles or graphene oxide also resulted in decreased S. enteritidis growth. Furthermore, a nanoplatform coated with silver nanoparticles and graphene oxide composite showed limited immunological stimulation and significantly reduced cytotoxicity towards fibroblasts, HUVECs and chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane in comparison to the nanoplatform coated only with silver nanoparticles, due to the higher stability of the nanomaterials in the nanocomposite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Wierzbicki
- Institute of Biology, Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experiemntal Ecology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Sławomir Jaworski
- Institute of Biology, Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experiemntal Ecology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Sawosz
- Institute of Biology, Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experiemntal Ecology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Jung
- Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserów 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Gielerak
- Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserów 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Henryk Jaremek
- Braster S.A., Cichy Ogród 7, 05-580, Ożarów Mazowiecki, Poland
| | - Witold Łojkowski
- Institute of High Pressure Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokołowska 29/37, 01-142, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Woźniak
- Institute of High Pressure Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokołowska 29/37, 01-142, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Stobiński
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Małolepszy
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645, Warsaw, Poland
| | - André Chwalibog
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Groennegaardsvej 3, 1870, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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21
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Teymourinia H, Salavati-Niasari M, Amiri O, Yazdian F. Application of green synthesized TiO2/Sb2S3/GQDs nanocomposite as high efficient antibacterial agent against E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 99:296-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Sahu D, Sarkar N, Sahoo G, Mohapatra P, Swain SK. Nano silver imprinted graphene oxide as catalyst in reduction of 4‐nitrophenol. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Sahu
- Department of ChemistryVeer Surendra Sai University of Technology Sambalpur India
| | - Niladri Sarkar
- Department of ChemistryVeer Surendra Sai University of Technology Sambalpur India
| | - Gyanaranjan Sahoo
- Department of ChemistryVeer Surendra Sai University of Technology Sambalpur India
| | | | - Sarat K. Swain
- Department of ChemistryVeer Surendra Sai University of Technology Sambalpur India
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23
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Zhu Y, Guo J, Zhang A, Li L, Liu X, Liu H, Yao X. How graphene affects the misfolding of human prion protein: A combined experimental and molecular dynamics simulation study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 171:1-10. [PMID: 30641367 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As the broad application of graphene in the biomedical field, it is urgent and important to evaluate how the graphene affects the structure and function of the proteins in our body, especially the amyloid-related proteins. Prion protein, as a typical amyloid protein, it misfolding and aggregation will lead to serious prion diseases. To explore if graphene promotes or inhibits the formation of amyloid, here, we combined the experimental and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation methods to study the influence of graphene on the globular domain of prion protein (PrP117-231). The results from fluorescence quenching and circular dichroism spectrum showed that the addition of graphene changed the secondary structure of prion protein largely, mainly reflecting in the reduced α-helix structure and the increased coil structure, indicating graphene may strengthen the misfolding inclination of prion. To further uncover the mechanism of conformational change of prion under the induction of graphene, the all-atoms MD simulations in explicit solvent were performed. Our simulations suggest that prion protein can be quickly and tightly adsorbed onto graphene together with the weak conformational rearrangement and may reorient when approaching the surface. The Van der Waals' force drive the adsorption process. In the induction of graphene, H1 and S2-H2 loop regions of prion become unstable and prion begins to misfold partially. Our work shows that graphene can induce the misfolding of prion protein and may cause the potential risk to biosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchang Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ai Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xuewei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Huanxiang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Xiaojun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
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24
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Sahu D, Sahoo G, Mohapatra P, Swain SK. Dual Activities of Nano Silver Embedded Reduced Graphene Oxide Using Clove Leaf Extracts: Hg
2+
Sensing and Catalytic Degradation. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Sahu
- Department of ChemistryVeer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla Sambalpur- 768018, Odisha India
| | - Gyanaranjan Sahoo
- Department of ChemistryVeer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla Sambalpur- 768018, Odisha India
| | - Priyaranjan Mohapatra
- Department of ChemistryVeer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla Sambalpur- 768018, Odisha India
| | - Sarat K Swain
- Department of ChemistryVeer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla Sambalpur- 768018, Odisha India
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25
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Antineoplastic Effect of PAC Capped Silver Nanoparticles Promote Apoptosis in HT-29 Human Colon Cancer Cells. J CLUST SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-019-01510-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Fathalipour S, Ataei B, Janati F. Aqueous suspension of biocompatible reduced graphene oxide- Au NPs composite as an effective recyclable catalyst in a Betti reaction. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 97:356-366. [PMID: 30678921 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) on modified graphene oxide with biocompatible polymers has attracted significant due to their unique properties and various applications. In this research, covalent-modified graphene oxide (MGO) with diacid terminated poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) was used as a substrate and stabilizing of Au (ш). The reduction of MGO-Au (ш) complex with hydrazine monohydrate under reflux condition obtained biocompatible reduced MGO (rMGO)-Au NPs. Diacid terminated PEG obtained from the reaction of PEG with succinic anhydride in the presence of N,N- dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and 4-methylamino pyridine (DMAP) was attached to GO sheets to prevent from the aggregation of rMGO sheets and Au NPs. The resulting aqueous suspension was characterized through UV-vis, FT-IR, Raman, XRD, DLS-zeta potential, SEM, EDX and TEM. Furthermore, nanocomposite showed good catalytic behavior in Betti reaction- synthesis of 1-(α-aminoalkyl)-2-naphthols. The favorable properties of colloidal nanocomposite were attributed to the stable and well distribution Au NPs on rMGO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soghra Fathalipour
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, PO Box: 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bahareh Ataei
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, PO Box: 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Janati
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, PO Box: 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran
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27
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Neves JS, Lopes-da-Silva Z, de Sousa Brito Neta M, Chaves SB, Karla de Medeiros Nóbrega Y, Henrique de Lira Machado A, Machado F. Preparation of terpolymer capsules containingRosmarinus officinalisessential oil and evaluation of its antifungal activity. RSC Adv 2019; 9:22586-22596. [PMID: 35519452 PMCID: PMC9067078 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02336d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The essential oil fromRosmarinus officinalispresents antifungal activity and is used in industry as a natural preserving agent. However, essential oils are unstable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliete Silva Neves
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade de Brasília
- Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro
- Brazil
| | - Zita Lopes-da-Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde
- Universidade de Brasília
- Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro
- Brazil
| | - Maria de Sousa Brito Neta
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia
- Instituto de Biologia
- Universidade de Brasília
- Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro
- Brazil
| | - Sacha Braun Chaves
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia
- Instituto de Biologia
- Universidade de Brasília
- Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro
- Brazil
| | | | | | - Fabricio Machado
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade de Brasília
- Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro
- Brazil
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28
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Ziąbka M, Dziadek M, Menaszek E. Biocompatibility of Poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) Nanocomposites Modified with Silver Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10111257. [PMID: 30961182 PMCID: PMC6401987 DOI: 10.3390/polym10111257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the biological, mechanical, and surface properties of polymer nanocomposites manufactured via plastics processing, extrusion, and injection moulding. The aim of this study was to identify the interaction of fibroblasts and osteoblasts with materials intended for middle ear implants. We examined if silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) may change the mechanical parameters of the polymer nanocomposites. In our study, the biostable polymer of thermoplastic acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymer was used. Silver nanoparticles were applied as a modifier. We discuss surface parameters of the materials, including wettability and roughness, and evaluated the microstructure. The mechanical parameters, such as the Young's modulus and tensile strength, were measured. Cytotoxicity tests were conducted on two cell lines: Hs680.Tr human fibroblasts and Saos-2 human osteoblasts. Cell viability, proliferation, and morphology in direct contact with nanocomposites were tested. Based on the results, the incorporated modifier was found to affect neither the number of osteoblasts nor the fibroblast cells. However, the addition of AgNPs had a relatively small effect on the cytotoxicity of the materials. A slight increase in the cytotoxicity of the test materials was observed with respect to the control, with the cytotoxicity of the materials tending to decrease after seven days for osteoblast cells, whereas it remained steady for fibroblasts. Based on optical microscope observation, the shape and morphology of the adhered cells were evaluated. After seven days of culture, fibroblasts and osteoblasts were properly shaped and evenly settled on the surface of both the pure polymer and the silver nanoparticle-modified composite. Water droplet tests demonstrated increased hydrophilicity when adding the AgNPs to ABS matrices, whereas roughness tests did not show changes in the surface topography of the investigated samples. The 0.5% by weight incorporation of AgNPs into ABS matrices did not influence the mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Ziąbka
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Ceramics and Refractories, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Michał Dziadek
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Glass Technology and Amorphous Coatings, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Menaszek
- Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Cytobiology, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland.
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Bilal M, Rasheed T, Zhao Y, Iqbal HMN, Cui J. "Smart" chemistry and its application in peroxidase immobilization using different support materials. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:278-290. [PMID: 30041033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, the enzyme immobilization technology has been exploited a lot and thus became a matter of rational design. Immobilization is an alternative approach to bio-catalysis with the added benefits, adaptability to automation and high-throughput applications. Immobilization-based approaches represent simple but effective routes for engineering enzyme catalysts with higher activities than wild-type or pristine counterparts. From the chemistry viewpoint, the concept of stabilization via manipulation of functional entities, the enzyme surfaces have been an important driving force for immobilizing purposes. In addition, the unique physiochemical and structural functionalities of pristine or engineered cues, or insoluble support matrices (carrier) such as mean particle diameter, swelling behavior, mechanical strength, and compression behavior are of supreme interest and importance for the performance of the immobilized systems. Immobilization of peroxidases into/onto insoluble support matrices is advantageous for practical applications due to convenience in handling, ease separation of enzymes from a reaction mixture and the reusability. A plethora of literature is available explaining individual immobilization system. However, current literature lacks the chemistry viewpoint of immobilization. This review work presents state-of-the-art "Smart" chemistry of immobilization and novel potentialities of several materials-based cues with different geometries including microspheres, hydrogels and polymeric membranes, nanoparticles, nanofibers, composite and hybrid or blended support materials. The involvement of various functional groups including amino, thiol, carboxylic, hydroxyl, and epoxy groups via "click" chemistry, amine chemistry, thiol chemistry, carboxyl chemistry, and epoxy chemistry over the protein surfaces is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Tahir Rasheed
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuping Zhao
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. CP 64849, Mexico.
| | - Jiandong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No 29, 13th, Avenue, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA), Tianjin 300457, China.
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30
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Travlou NA, Algarra M, Alcoholado C, Cifuentes-Rueda M, Labella AM, Lázaro-Martínez JM, Rodríguez-Castellón E, Bandosz TJ. Carbon Quantum Dot Surface-Chemistry-Dependent Ag Release Governs the High Antibacterial Activity of Ag-Metal–Organic Framework Composites. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:693-707. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolina A. Travlou
- Department of Chemistry, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Manuel Algarra
- CQM-Madeira Chemistry Research Centre. University of Madeira, Campus de Penteada 9020-105, Funchal, Madeira
| | - Cristina Alcoholado
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Cifuentes-Rueda
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan Manuel Lázaro-Martínez
- Department of Organic Chemistry and IQUIMEFA-CONICET, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, C1113AAD Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Teresa J. Bandosz
- Department of Chemistry, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
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31
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Ganguly P, Breen A, Pillai SC. Toxicity of Nanomaterials: Exposure, Pathways, Assessment, and Recent Advances. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:2237-2275. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Ganguly
- Nanotechnology and Bio-Engineering Research Group, Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo F91 YW50, Ireland
- Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing Research (PEM), Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo F91 YW50, Ireland
| | - Ailish Breen
- Nanotechnology and Bio-Engineering Research Group, Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo F91 YW50, Ireland
- Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing Research (PEM), Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo F91 YW50, Ireland
| | - Suresh C. Pillai
- Nanotechnology and Bio-Engineering Research Group, Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo F91 YW50, Ireland
- Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing Research (PEM), Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo F91 YW50, Ireland
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32
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Kawamoto K, Miyaji H, Nishida E, Miyata S, Kato A, Tateyama A, Furihata T, Shitomi K, Iwanaga T, Sugaya T. Characterization and evaluation of graphene oxide scaffold for periodontal wound healing of class II furcation defects in dog. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:2365-2376. [PMID: 29713167 PMCID: PMC5912619 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s163206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The 3-dimensional scaffold plays a key role in volume and quality of repair tissue in periodontal tissue engineering therapy. We fabricated a novel 3D collagen scaffold containing carbon-based 2-dimensional layered material, named graphene oxide (GO). The aim of this study was to characterize and assess GO scaffold for periodontal tissue healing of class II furcation defects in dog. Materials and methods GO scaffolds were prepared by coating the surface of a 3D collagen sponge scaffold with GO dispersion. Scaffolds were characterized using cytotoxicity and tissue reactivity tests. In addition, GO scaffold was implanted into dog class II furcation defects and periodontal healing was investigated at 4 weeks postsurgery. Results GO scaffold exhibited low cytotoxicity and enhanced cellular ingrowth behavior and rat bone forming ability. In addition, GO scaffold stimulated healing of dog class II furcation defects. Periodontal attachment formation, including alveolar bone, periodontal ligament-like tissue, and cementum-like tissue, was significantly increased by GO scaffold implantation, compared with untreated scaffold. Conclusion The results suggest that GO scaffold is biocompatible and possesses excellent bone and periodontal tissue formation ability. Therefore, GO scaffold would be beneficial for periodontal tissue engineering therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Kawamoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Miyaji
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Erika Nishida
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Saori Miyata
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akihito Kato
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akito Tateyama
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Furihata
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kanako Shitomi
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Iwanaga
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sugaya
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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33
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Madni A, Noreen S, Maqbool I, Rehman F, Batool A, Kashif PM, Rehman M, Tahir N, Khan MI. Graphene-based nanocomposites: synthesis and their theranostic applications. J Drug Target 2018; 26:858-883. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1437920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Asadullah Madni
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Noreen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Irsah Maqbool
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Faizza Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Amna Batool
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Mubashar Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Gujrat Campus, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Nayab Tahir
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- College of Pharmacy Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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34
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Park MVDZ, Bleeker EAJ, Brand W, Cassee FR, van Elk M, Gosens I, de Jong WH, Meesters JAJ, Peijnenburg WJGM, Quik JTK, Vandebriel RJ, Sips AJAM. Considerations for Safe Innovation: The Case of Graphene. ACS NANO 2017; 11:9574-9593. [PMID: 28933820 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b04120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The terms "Safe innovation" and "Safe(r)-by-design" are currently popular in the field of nanotechnology. These terms are used to describe approaches that advocate the consideration of safety aspects already at an early stage of the innovation process of (nano)materials and nanoenabled products. Here, we investigate the possibilities of considering safety aspects during various stages of the innovation process of graphene, outlining what information is already available for assessing potential hazard, exposure, and risks. In addition, we recommend further steps to be taken by various stakeholders to promote the safe production and safe use of graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margriet V D Z Park
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu , 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Eric A J Bleeker
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu , 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Walter Brand
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu , 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Flemming R Cassee
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu , 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Merel van Elk
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu , 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ilse Gosens
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu , 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Wim H de Jong
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu , 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Joris T K Quik
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu , 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rob J Vandebriel
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu , 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Adriënne J A M Sips
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu , 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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35
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Zhang XF, Huang FH, Zhang GL, Bai DP, Massimo DF, Huang YF, Gurunathan S. Novel biomolecule lycopene-reduced graphene oxide-silver nanoparticle enhances apoptotic potential of trichostatin A in human ovarian cancer cells (SKOV3). Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:7551-7575. [PMID: 29075115 PMCID: PMC5648315 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s144161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, there has been much interest in the field of nanomedicine to improve prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Combination therapy seems to be most effective when two different molecules that work by different mechanisms are combined at low dose, thereby decreasing the possibility of drug resistance and occurrence of unbearable side effects. Based on this consideration, the study was designed to investigate the combination effect of reduced graphene oxide-silver nanoparticles (rGO-AgNPs) and trichostatin A (TSA) in human ovarian cancer cells (SKOV3). Methods The rGO-AgNPs were synthesized using a biomolecule called lycopene, and the resultant product was characterized by various analytical techniques. The combination effect of rGO-Ag and TSA was investigated in SKOV3 cells using various cellular assays such as cell viability, cytotoxicity, and immunofluorescence analysis. Results AgNPs were uniformly distributed on the surface of graphene sheet with an average size between 10 and 50 nm. rGO-Ag and TSA were found to inhibit cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. The combination of rGO-Ag and TSA at low concentration showed a significant effect on cell viability, and increased cytotoxicity by increasing the level of malondialdehyde and decreasing the level of glutathione, and also causing mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, the combination of rGO-Ag and TSA had a more pronounced effect on DNA fragmentation and double-strand breaks, and eventually induced apoptosis. Conclusion This study is the first to report that the combination of rGO-Ag and TSA can cause potential cytotoxicity and also induce significantly greater cell death compared to either rGO-Ag alone or TSA alone in SKOV3 cells by various mechanisms including reactive oxygen species generation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and DNA damage. Therefore, this combination chemotherapy could be possibly used in advanced cancers that are not suitable for radiation therapy or surgical treatment and facilitate overcoming tumor resistance and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Feng Zhang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Feng-Hua Huang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guo-Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd, DongE, Shandong, China
| | - Ding-Ping Bai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - De Felici Massimo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Yi-Fan Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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36
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Yuan YG, Gurunathan S. Combination of graphene oxide-silver nanoparticle nanocomposites and cisplatin enhances apoptosis and autophagy in human cervical cancer cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:6537-6558. [PMID: 28919753 PMCID: PMC5592952 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s125281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin (Cis) is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug for treating a variety of cancers, due to its ability to induce cell death in cancer cells significantly. Recently, graphene and its modified nanocomposites have gained much interest in cancer therapy, due to their unique physicochemical properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the combination effect of Cis and a reduced graphene oxide-silver nanoparticle nanocomposite (rGO-AgNPs) in human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS We synthesized AgNPs, rGO, and rGO-AgNP nanocomposites using C-phycocyanin. The synthesized nanomaterials were characterized using various analytical techniques. The anticancer properties of the Cis, rGO-AgNPs, and combination of Cis and rGO-AgNPs were evaluated using a series of cellular assays, such as cell viability, cell proliferation, LDH leakage, reactive oxygen species generation, and cellular levels of oxidative and antioxidative stress markers such as malondialdehyde, glutathione, SOD, and CAT. The expression of proapoptotic, antiapoptotic, and autophagy genes were measured using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The synthesized AgNPs were well dispersed, homogeneous, and spherical, with an average size of 10 nm and uniformly distributed on graphene sheets. Cis, GO, rGO, AgNPs, and rGO-AgNPs inhibited cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. The combination of Cis and rGO-AgNPs showed significant effects on cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis. The combination of Cis and rGO-AgNPs had more pronounced effects on the expression of apoptotic and autophagy genes, and also significantly induced the accumulation of autophagosomes and autophagolysosomes, which was associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species. CONCLUSION Our findings substantiated rGO-AgNPs strongly potentiating Cis-induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and autophagy in HeLa cells, and hence rGO-AgNPs could be potentially applied to cervical cancer treatment as a powerful synergistic agent with Cis or any other chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Guo Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Animal Science and Technology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yuan YG, Wang YH, Xing HH, Gurunathan S. Quercetin-mediated synthesis of graphene oxide-silver nanoparticle nanocomposites: a suitable alternative nanotherapy for neuroblastoma. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:5819-5839. [PMID: 28860751 PMCID: PMC5566358 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s140605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Graphene and graphene-related materials have gained substantial interest from both academia and industry for the development of unique nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Graphene oxide (GO) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are a valuable platform for the development of nanocomposites, permitting the combination of nanomaterials with different physical and chemical properties to generate novel materials with improved and effective functionalities in a single platform. Therefore, this study was conducted to synthesize a graphene oxide–silver nanoparticle (GO-AgNPs) nanocomposite using the biomolecule quercetin and evaluate the potential cytotoxicity and mechanism of GO-AgNPs in human neuroblastoma cancer cells (SH-SY5Y). Methods The synthesized GO-AgNPs were characterized using various analytical techniques. The potential toxicities of GO-AgNPs were evaluated using a series of biochemical and cellular assays. The expression of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes was measured by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Further, apoptosis was confirmed by caspase-9/3 activity and a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay, and GO-AgNPs-induced autophagy was also confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Results The prepared GO-AgNPs exhibited significantly higher cytotoxicity toward SH-SY5Y cells than GO. GO-AgNPs induced significant cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells by the loss of cell viability, inhibition of cell proliferation, increased leakage of lactate dehydrogenase, decreased level of mitochondrial membrane potential, reduced numbers of mitochondria, enhanced level of reactive oxygen species generation, increased expression of pro-apoptotic genes, and decreased expression of anti-apoptotic genes. GO-AgNPs induced caspase-9/3-dependent apoptosis via DNA fragmentation. Finally, GO-AgNPs induced accumulation of autophagosomes and autophagic vacuoles. Conclusion In this study, we developed an environmentally friendly, facile, dependable, and simple method for the synthesis of GO-AgNPs nanocomposites using quercetin. The synthesized GO-AgNPs exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity compared with that of GO at very low concentrations. This study not only elucidates the potential cytotoxicity against neuroblastoma cancer cells, but also reveals the molecular mechanism of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Guo Yuan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hong Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Hui Xing
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kundu N, Mukherjee D, Maiti TK, Sarkar N. Protein-Guided Formation of Silver Nanoclusters and Their Assembly with Graphene Oxide as an Improved Bioimaging Agent with Reduced Toxicity. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:2291-2297. [PMID: 28468496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
As an emerging category of fluorescent metal nanoclusters (NCs), protein-based NCs are considered as one of the promising candidates for the biomedical applications because of their luminescent properties and inherent biocompatibilities. Protein-capped silver NCs impregnated onto graphene oxide (GO) sheets can be internalized into the K562 cell, a human erythroleukemic cell line, and the Ag NCs/GO assembly can act as a synergistic drug carrier for Imatinib, a first-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Further, Ag NCs adsorbed on GO have a great potential to be used as X-ray computer tomography (CT) imaging contrasting agents, and CT images show significant contrast enhancement of bone tissues in mice models. Overall, this assembly can exhibit great potential in the field of biomedical application and therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloy Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology , Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Devdeep Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology , Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Tapas Kumar Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology , Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Nilmoni Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology , Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
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