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Meneses J, González-Durruthy M, Fernandez-de-Gortari E, Toropova AP, Toropov AA, Alfaro-Moreno E. A Nano-QSTR model to predict nano-cytotoxicity: an approach using human lung cells data. Part Fibre Toxicol 2023; 20:21. [PMID: 37211608 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-023-00530-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The widespread use of new engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in industries such as cosmetics, electronics, and diagnostic nanodevices, has been revolutionizing our society. However, emerging studies suggest that ENMs present potentially toxic effects on the human lung. In this regard, we developed a machine learning (ML) nano-quantitative-structure-toxicity relationship (QSTR) model to predict the potential human lung nano-cytotoxicity induced by exposure to ENMs based on metal oxide nanoparticles. RESULTS Tree-based learning algorithms (e.g., decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and extra-trees (ET)) were able to predict ENMs' cytotoxic risk in an efficient, robust, and interpretable way. The best-ranked ET nano-QSTR model showed excellent statistical performance with R2 and Q2-based metrics of 0.95, 0.80, and 0.79 for training, internal validation, and external validation subsets, respectively. Several nano-descriptors linked to the core-type and surface coating reactivity properties were identified as the most relevant characteristics to predict human lung nano-cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS The proposed model suggests that a decrease in the ENMs diameter could significantly increase their potential ability to access lung subcellular compartments (e.g., mitochondria and nuclei), promoting strong nano-cytotoxicity and epithelial barrier dysfunction. Additionally, the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a surface coating could prevent the potential release of cytotoxic metal ions, promoting lung cytoprotection. Overall, the current work could pave the way for efficient decision-making, prediction, and mitigation of the potential occupational and environmental ENMs risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Meneses
- NanoSafety Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, 4715-330, Portugal
| | | | | | - Alla P Toropova
- Instituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, Milano, 20156, Italy
| | - Andrey A Toropov
- Instituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, Milano, 20156, Italy
| | - Ernesto Alfaro-Moreno
- NanoSafety Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, 4715-330, Portugal.
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Glaubitz C, Haeni L, Sušnik E, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Balog S, Petri-Fink A. The Influence of Liquid Menisci on Nanoparticle Dosimetry in Submerged Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2206903. [PMID: 37021587 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interaction between cells and nanoparticles (NPs) is vital to understand the hazard associated with nanoparticles. This requires quantifying and interpreting dose-response relationships. Experiments with cells cultured in vitro and exposed to particle dispersions mainly rely on mathematical models that estimate the received nanoparticle dose. However, models need to consider that aqueous cell culture media wets the inner surface of hydrophilic open wells, which results in a curved liquid-air interface called the meniscus. Here the impact of the meniscus on nanoparticle dosimetry is addressed in detail. Experiments and build an advanced mathematical model, to demonstrate that the presence of the meniscus may bring about systematic errors that must be considered to advance reproducibility and harmonization is presented. The script of the model is co-published and can be adapted to any experimental setup. Finally, simple and practical solutions to this problem, such as covering the air-liquid interface with a permeable lid or soft rocking of the cell culture well plate is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Glaubitz
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Laetitia Haeni
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Eva Sušnik
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | | | - Sandor Balog
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Alke Petri-Fink
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
- Chemistry Department, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
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3
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Johnston ST, Faria M, Crampin EJ. Understanding nano-engineered particle-cell interactions: biological insights from mathematical models. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:2139-2156. [PMID: 36133772 PMCID: PMC9417320 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00774a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interactions between nano-engineered particles and cells is necessary for the rational design of particles for therapeutic, diagnostic and imaging purposes. In particular, the informed design of particles relies on the quantification of the relationship between the physicochemical properties of the particles and the rate at which cells interact with, and subsequently internalise, particles. Quantitative models, both mathematical and computational, provide a powerful tool for elucidating this relationship, as well as for understanding the mechanisms governing the intertwined processes of interaction and internalisation. Here we review the different types of mathematical and computational models that have been used to examine particle-cell interactions and particle internalisation. We detail the mathematical methodology for each type of model, the benefits and limitations associated with the different types of models, and highlight the advances in understanding gleaned from the application of these models to experimental observations of particle internalisation. We discuss the recent proposal and ongoing community adoption of standardised experimental reporting, and how this adoption is an important step toward unlocking the full potential of modelling approaches. Finally, we consider future directions in quantitative models of particle-cell interactions and highlight the need for hybrid experimental and theoretical investigations to address hitherto unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart T Johnston
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
- Systems Biology Laboratory, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Matthew Faria
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
- Systems Biology Laboratory, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Edmund J Crampin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
- Systems Biology Laboratory, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
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4
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Ma-Hock L, Sauer UG, Ruggiero E, Keller JG, Wohlleben W, Landsiedel R. The Use of Nanomaterial In Vivo Organ Burden Data for In Vitro Dose Setting. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2005725. [PMID: 33586349 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Effects of nanomaterials are usually observed at higher concentrations in vitro compared to animal studies. This is pointing to differences between in vivo situations and generally less complex in vitro models. These differences concern toxicodynamics and the internal exposure (at the target cells of the in vitro and in vivo test system). The latter can be minimized by appropriate in vivo to in vitro dose extrapolations (IVIVE). An IVIVE six-step procedure is proposed here: 1) determine in vivo exposure; 2) identify in vivo organ burden at lowest observed adverse effect concentration; 3) extrapolate in vivo organ burden to in vitro effective dose; 4) extrapolate in vitro effective dose to nominal concentration; 5) set dose ranges to establish dose-response relationships; and 6) consider uncertainties and specificities of in vitro test system. Assessing the results of in vitro studies needs careful consideration of discrepancies between in vitro and in vivo models: apart from different endpoints (usually cellular responses in vitro and adverse effects on organs or organisms in vivo), nanomaterials can also have a different potency in relatively simple in vitro models and the more complex corresponding organ in vivo. IVIVE can, nonetheless, reduce the differences in exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Ma-Hock
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Ursula G Sauer
- Scientific Consultancy-Animal Welfare, Hallstattfeld 16, 85579, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Ruggiero
- Department of Material Physics, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | | | - Wendel Wohlleben
- Department of Material Physics, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Robert Landsiedel
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
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Air-Liquid Interface Exposure of Lung Epithelial Cells to Low Doses of Nanoparticles to Assess Pulmonary Adverse Effects. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 11:nano11010065. [PMID: 33383962 PMCID: PMC7823463 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Reliable and predictive in vitro assays for hazard assessments of manufactured nanomaterials (MNMs) are still limited. Specifically, exposure systems which more realistically recapitulate the physiological conditions in the lung are needed to predict pulmonary toxicity. To this end, air-liquid interface (ALI) systems have been developed in recent years which might be better suited than conventional submerged exposure assays. However, there is still a need for rigorous side-by-side comparisons of the results obtained with the two different exposure methods considering numerous parameters, such as different MNMs, cell culture models and read outs. In this study, human A549 lung epithelial cells and differentiated THP-1 macrophages were exposed under submerged conditions to two abundant types of MNMs i.e., ceria and titania nanoparticles (NPs). Membrane integrity, metabolic activity as well as pro-inflammatory responses were recorded. For comparison, A549 monocultures were also exposed at the ALI to the same MNMs. In the case of titania NPs, genotoxicity was also investigated. In general, cells were more sensitive at the ALI compared to under classical submerged conditions. Whereas ceria NPs triggered only moderate effects, titania NPs clearly initiated cytotoxicity, pro-inflammatory gene expression and genotoxicity. Interestingly, low doses of NPs deposited at the ALI were sufficient to drive adverse outcomes, as also documented in rodent experiments. Therefore, further development of ALI systems seems promising to refine, reduce or even replace acute pulmonary toxicity studies in animals.
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Ahmed R, Suresh V, Li L, Gopalakrishnan R. Scalable generation of high concentration aerosol in the size range of 0.1–10 μm from commercial powders using ultrasonic dispersion. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Frenzel F, König-Mattern L, Stock V, Voss L, Paul MB, Sieg H, Braeuning A, Voigt A, Böhmert L. NanoPASS: an easy-to-use user interface for nanoparticle dosimetry with the 3DSDD model. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:45. [PMID: 32948196 PMCID: PMC7502021 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00368-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles exhibit a specific diffusion and sedimentation behavior under cell culture conditions as used in nantoxicological in vitro testing. How a particular particle suspension behaves depends on the particular physicochemical characteristics of the particles and the cell culture system. Only a fraction of the nanoparticles applied to a cell culture will thus reach the cells within a given time frame. Therefore, dosimetric calculations are essential not only to determine the exact fraction of nanoparticles that has come into contact with the cells, but also to ensure experimental comparability and correct interpretation of results, respectively. Yet, the use of published dosimetry models is limited. Not the least because the correct application of these in silico tools usually requires bioinformatics knowledge, which often is perceived a hurdle. Moreover, not all models are freely available and accessible. In order to overcome this obstacle, we have now developed an easy-to-use interface for our recently published 3DSDD dosimetry model, called NanoPASS (NanoParticle Administration Sedimentation Simulator). The interface is freely available to all researchers. It will facilitate the use of in silico dosimetry in nanotoxicology and thus improve interpretation and comparability of in vitro results in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falko Frenzel
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura König-Mattern
- Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Chair of Process Systems Engineering, Universitätsplatz 2, 39016, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Valerie Stock
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Linn Voss
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maxi B Paul
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Sieg
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Voigt
- Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Chair of Process Systems Engineering, Universitätsplatz 2, 39016, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Linda Böhmert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
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Galić E, Ilić K, Hartl S, Tetyczka C, Kasemets K, Kurvet I, Milić M, Barbir R, Pem B, Erceg I, Dutour Sikirić M, Pavičić I, Roblegg E, Kahru A, Vinković Vrček I. Impact of surface functionalization on the toxicity and antimicrobial effects of selenium nanoparticles considering different routes of entry. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 144:111621. [PMID: 32738372 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were first designed as nutritional supplements, but they are attractive also for use in diagnostic and therapeutic systems owing to their biocompatibility and protective effects. This study aimed to examine if different SeNPs stabilization strategies affect their (i) antimicrobial activity against bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and (ii) toxicity to human cells of different biological barriers i.e., skin, oral and intestinal mucosa. For surface stabilization, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), poly-L-lysine (PLL) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) were used rendering neutral, positively and negatively charged SeNPs, respectively. The SeNPs (primary size ~80 nm) showed toxic effects in human cells in vitro and in bacteria S. aureus, but not in E. coli and yeast S. cerevisiae. Toxicity of SeNPs (24 h IC50) ranged from 1.4 to >100 mg Se/L, depending on surface functionalization (PLL > PAA > PVP) and was not caused by ionic Se. At subtoxic concentrations, all SeNPs were taken up by all human cell types, induced oxidative stress response and demonstrated genotoxicity. As the safety profile of SeNPs was dependent not only on target cells (mammalian cells, bacteria, yeast), but also on surface functionalization, these aspects should be considered during development of novel SeNPs-based biomedical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerik Galić
- University J.J. Strossmayer in Osijek, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Croatia
| | - Krunoslav Ilić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sonja Hartl
- University of Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Graz, Austria
| | - Carolin Tetyczka
- University of Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Graz, Austria
| | - Kaja Kasemets
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Imbi Kurvet
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Mirta Milić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rinea Barbir
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Barbara Pem
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ina Erceg
- Laboratory for Biocolloids and Surface Chemistry, Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Dutour Sikirić
- Laboratory for Biocolloids and Surface Chemistry, Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Pavičić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Eva Roblegg
- University of Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Graz, Austria
| | - Anne Kahru
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia; Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, Tallinn, Estonia.
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Kinaret PAS, Scala G, Federico A, Sund J, Greco D. Carbon Nanomaterials Promote M1/M2 Macrophage Activation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1907609. [PMID: 32250056 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201907609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Toxic effects of certain carbon nanomaterials (CNM) have been observed in several exposure scenarios both in vivo and in vitro. However, most of the data currently available has been generated in a high-dose/acute exposure setup, limiting the understanding of their immunomodulatory mechanisms. Here, macrophage-like THP-1 cells, exposed to ten different CNM for 48 h in low-cytotoxic concentration of 10 µg mL-1 , are characterized by secretion of different cytokines and global transcriptional changes. Subsequently, the relationships between cytokine secretion and transcriptional patterns are modeled, highlighting specific pathways related to alternative macrophage activation. Finally, time- and dose-dependent activation of transcription and secretion of M1 marker genes IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor, and M2 marker genes IL-10 and CSF1 is confirmed among the three most responsive CNM, with concentrations of 5, 10, and 20 µg mL-1 at 24, 48, and 72 h of exposure. These results underline CNM effects on the formation of cell microenvironment and gene expression leading to specific patterns of macrophage polarization. Taken together, these findings imply that, instead of a high and toxic CNM dose, a sub-lethal dose in controlled exposure setup can be utilized to alter the cell microenvironment and program antigen presenting cells, with fascinating implications for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Anneli Sofia Kinaret
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
| | - Giovanni Scala
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Naples, Naples, 80100, Italy
| | - Antonio Federico
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33520, Finland
| | - Jukka Sund
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33520, Finland
| | - Dario Greco
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33520, Finland
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Wang DP, Wang ZJ, Zhao R, Lin CX, Sun QY, Yan CP, Zhou X, Cao JM. Silica nanomaterials induce organ injuries by Ca 2+-ROS-initiated disruption of the endothelial barrier and triggering intravascular coagulation. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:12. [PMID: 32293491 PMCID: PMC7087393 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00340-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The growing use of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) in many fields raises human toxicity concerns. We studied the toxicity of SiNP-20 (particle diameter 20 nm) and SiNP-100 (100 nm) and the underlying mechanisms with a focus on the endothelium both in vitro and in vivo. Methods The study was conducted in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and adult female Balb/c mice using several techniques. Results In vitro, both SiNP-20 and SiNP-100 decreased the viability and damaged the plasma membrane of cultured HUVECs. The nanoparticles also inhibited HUVECs migration and tube formation in a concentration-dependent manner. Both SiNPs induced significant calcium mobilization and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased the phosphorylation of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin at the site of tyrosine 731 residue (pY731-VEC), decreased the expression of VE-cadherin expression, disrupted the junctional VE-cadherin continuity and induced F-actin re-assembly in HUVECs. The injuries were reversed by blocking Ca2+ release activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels with YM58483 or by eliminating ROS with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). In vivo, both SiNP-20 and SiNP-100 (i.v.) induced multiple organ injuries of Balb/c mice in a dose (range 7–35 mg/kg), particle size, and exposure time (4–72 h)-dependent manner. Heart injuries included coronary endothelial damage, erythrocyte adhesion to coronary intima and coronary coagulation. Abdominal aorta injury exhibited intimal neoplasm formation. Lung injuries were smaller pulmonary vein coagulation, bronchiolar epithelial edema and lumen oozing and narrowing. Liver injuries included multifocal necrosis and smaller hepatic vein congestion and coagulation. Kidney injuries involved glomerular congestion and swelling. Macrophage infiltration occurred in all of the observed organ tissues after SiNPs exposure. SiNPs also decreased VE-cadherin expression and altered VE-cadherin spatial distribution in multiple organ tissues in vivo. The largest SiNP (SiNP-100) and longest exposure time exerted the greatest toxicity both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions SiNPs, administrated in vivo, induced multiple organ injuries, including endothelial damage, intravascular coagulation, and secondary inflammation. The injuries are likely caused by upstream Ca2+-ROS signaling and downstream VE-cadherin phosphorylation and destruction and F-actin remodeling. These changes led to endothelial barrier disruption and triggering of the contact coagulation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Cai-Xia Lin
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qian-Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Cai-Ping Yan
- Center of Translational Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Ji-Min Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
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Fritsch-Decker S, An Z, Yan J, Hansjosten I, Al-Rawi M, Peravali R, Diabaté S, Weiss C. Silica Nanoparticles Provoke Cell Death Independent of p53 and BAX in Human Colon Cancer Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1172. [PMID: 31426331 PMCID: PMC6724124 DOI: 10.3390/nano9081172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several in vitro studies have suggested that silica nanoparticles (NPs) might induce adverse effects in gut cells. Here, we used the human colon cancer epithelial cell line HCT116 to study the potential cytotoxic effects of ingested silica NPs in the presence or absence of serum. Furthermore, we evaluated different physico-chemical parameters important for the assessment of nanoparticle safety, including primary particle size (12, 70, 200, and 500 nm) and surface modification (-NH2 and -COOH). Silica NPs triggered cytotoxicity, as evidenced by reduced metabolism and enhanced membrane leakage. Automated microscopy revealed that the silica NPs promoted apoptosis and necrosis proportional to the administered specific surface area dose. Cytotoxicity of silica NPs was suppressed by increasing amount of serum and surface modification. Furthermore, inhibition of caspases partially prevented silica NP-induced cytotoxicity. In order to investigate the role of specific cell death pathways in more detail, we used isogenic derivatives of HCT116 cells which lack the pro-apoptotic proteins p53 or BAX. In contrast to the anticancer drug cisplatin, silica NPs induced cell death independent of the p53-BAX axis. In conclusion, silica NPs initiated cell death in colon cancer cells dependent on the specific surface area and presence of serum. Further studies in vivo are warranted to address potential cytotoxic actions in the gut epithelium. The unintended toxicity of silica NPs as observed here could also be beneficial. As loss of p53 in colon cancer cells contributes to resistance against anticancer drugs, and thus to reoccurrence of colon cancer, targeted delivery of silica NPs could be envisioned to also deplete p53 deficient tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Fritsch-Decker
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Zhen An
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jin Yan
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Iris Hansjosten
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Marco Al-Rawi
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ravindra Peravali
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Silvia Diabaté
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Carsten Weiss
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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Faria M, Noi KF, Dai Q, Björnmalm M, Johnston ST, Kempe K, Caruso F, Crampin EJ. Revisiting cell–particle association in vitro: A quantitative method to compare particle performance. J Control Release 2019; 307:355-367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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