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Kim HJ, Kim YH. Exploring Acne Treatments: From Pathophysiological Mechanisms to Emerging Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5302. [PMID: 38791344 PMCID: PMC11121268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a common dermatological condition that can present across different ages but predominantly affects adolescents and young adults. Characterized by various lesion types, the pathogenesis of acne is complex, involving genetic, hormonal, microbial, and inflammatory factors. This review comprehensively addresses current and emerging acne management strategies, emphasizing both topical and systemic treatments, procedural therapies, and dietary modifications. Key topical agents include retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics, and other specialized compounds. Systemic options like antibiotics, hormonal therapies, and retinoids offer significant therapeutic benefits, particularly for moderate to severe cases. Procedural treatments such as laser devices, photodynamic therapy, chemical peels, and intralesional injections present viable alternatives for reducing acne symptoms and scarring. Emerging therapies focus on novel biologics, bacteriophages, probiotics, and peptides, providing promising future options. This review underscores the importance of personalized approaches to treatment due to the multifaceted nature of acne, highlighting the potential of innovative therapies for improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jee Kim
- Department of Dermatology, International St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yeong Ho Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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Song D, Pan S, Jin W, Wu R, Zhao T, Jiang J, Zhu M. Minoxidil delivered via a stem cell membrane delivery controlled release system promotes hair growth in C57BL/6J mice. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1331754. [PMID: 38260729 PMCID: PMC10800965 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1331754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell membrane-loaded minoxidil (MXD) nanoparticles (STCM-MXD-NPs) were prepared to investigate their effects on hair growth in C57BL/6J mice. Methods: STCM-MXD-NPs were obtained by freeze-thawing and differential centrifugation, and their effects on hair growth were evaluated using C57BL/6J mice. The mRNA and protein expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. Protein expression levels of marker of proliferation Ki-67 (MKI67) and β-catenin (CTNNB) in skin tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: STCM-MXD-NPs improved MXD solubility. They released the drug slowly, increasing its transdermal properties, accumulation in the skin, and content in the hair bulb tissues with a better efficacy than that of ordinary MXD. Moreover, STCM-MXD-NPs significantly upregulated the mRNA and protein levels of VEGF and IGF-1 and promoted the protein expression of MKI67 and CTNNB in mouse skin tissues, promoting mouse hair growth. Conclusion: Stem cell membrane-loaded MXD nanoparticles with slow-release properties increased MXD accumulation in the skin by improving its transdermal properties, increasing VEGF, IGF-1, MKI67, and CTNNB expression levels and promoting hair growth in C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Song
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shouxi Pan
- Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenxia Jin
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou, China
| | - Ronghui Wu
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianqi Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinlan Jiang
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingji Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Zhao T, Zhou M, Wu R, Wang H, Zouboulis CC, Zhu M, Lee M. Dendrimer-conjugated isotretinoin for controlled transdermal drug delivery. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:285. [PMID: 37605256 PMCID: PMC10464058 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present study, we aimed to develop a novel isotretinoin delivery model for treating skin diseases, revealing its potential advantages in drug delivery and targeted therapy. Using a self-assembly strategy, we grafted a dendrimer, based on a well-defined branched structure for nanomedical devices, with a well-defined nanoarchitecture, yielding spherical, highly homogeneous molecules with multiple surface functionalities. Accordingly, a self-assembled dendrimer-conjugated system was developed to achieve the transdermal delivery of isotretinoin (13cRA-D). RESULTS Herein, 13cRA-D showed remarkable controlled release, characterized by slow release in normal tissues but accelerated release in tissues with low pH, such as sites of inflammation. These release characteristics could abrogate the nonteratogenic side effects of isotretinoin and allow efficient skin permeation. Moreover, 13cRA-D exhibited high therapeutic efficacy in acne models. Based on in vitro and in vivo experimental results, 13cRA-D afforded better skin penetration than isotretinoin and allowed lesion targeting. Additionally, 13cRA-D induced minimal skin irritation. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that 13cRA-D is a safe and effective isotretinoin formulation for treating patients with skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, Jilin, China
| | - Mingwei Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, Jilin, China
| | - Ronghui Wu
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, Jilin, China
| | - Huaxin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Dessau, Germany
| | - Mingji Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, Jilin, China.
| | - Myongsoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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An L, Gong N, Hu T, Wang L, Zhang M, Huang M, Chen G, Tang T, Liu X. Study on Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Improved Dian Dao San Against Cutibacterium acnes ( C. acnes). Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:4965-4975. [PMID: 37546368 PMCID: PMC10404043 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s419161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The hyperproliferation of C. acnes has long been regarded as a primary etiological factor in the development of acne vulgaris (AV). Antibiotics targeting C. acnes have been the mainstay in AV treatment. Meanwhile, C. acnes has developed resistance to numerous antibiotics. IDDS, as traditional Chinese medicine, exhibits potent antibacterial activity against C. acnes. However, the mechanism of IDDS against C. acnes remains unclear. Methods In this study, we conducted a systematic investigation in vitro to determine the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) and time-kill curves. The MBC and time-kill curves were assessed by quantifying Colony Forming Units countsIn order to establish an in vivo rat ear model of acne, a single intradermal injection of 100μL C. acnes suspension was administered, and oleic acid was applied to the right ear pinna for a duration of 14 days. The intervention involved the utilization of IDDS medications. Additionally, the levels of inflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were assessed using respective ELISA kits, while Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was employed to visualize the rat ear model. The antimicrobial mechanism was investigated through the analysis of mRNA levels using real-time, quantitative PCR. ELISA analysis was performed according to the protocols outlined for energy metabolism and antioxidant system. Results Our research has demonstrated that IDDS possesses antibacterial activity against C. acnes both in vitro and in vivo. The mechanisms underlying these effects involve energy metabolism and antioxidant systems. Conclusion The data has provided further insights into the mechanism of IDDS against C. acnes, which establishes a robust foundation for the clinical application of IDDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili An
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang City, People’s Republic of China
- Dermatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Gong
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Guizhou Hospital, Guiyang City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Taoting Hu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Wang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang City, People’s Republic of China
- Dermatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang City, People’s Republic of China
- Dermatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minjia Huang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang City, People’s Republic of China
- Dermatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gongzhen Chen
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang City, People’s Republic of China
- Dermatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Tang
- Dermatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang City, People’s Republic of China
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Fan L, Wei A, Gao Z, Mu X. Current progress of mesenchymal stem cell membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles for targeted therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114451. [PMID: 36870279 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanodrug delivery systems have been widely used in disease treatment. However, weak drug targeting, easy to be cleared by the immune system, and low biocompatibility are great obstacles for drug delivery. As an important part of cell information transmission and behavior regulation, cell membrane can be used as drug coating material which represents a promising strategy and can overcome these limitations. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) membrane, as a new carrier, has the characteristics of active targeting and immune escape of MSC, and has broad application potential in tumor treatment, inflammatory disease, tissue regeneration and other fields. Here, we review recent progress on the use of MSC membrane-coated nanoparticles for therapy and drug delivery, aiming to provide guidance for the design and clinical application of membrane carrier in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianlian Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun130033, China
| | - Anhui Wei
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun130021, China
| | - Zihui Gao
- Changchun City Experimental High School, Changchun130117, China
| | - Xupeng Mu
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun130033, China.
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Chen X, Yan P, Zhang W, He X, Jiang R, Li Y, Sun J, Jiang J. Bioengineered polyester nanoparticles for the synergistic treatment of androgenic alopecia via the suppression of 5α-reductase and knockdown of androgen receptor. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1033987. [DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1033987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is a common disease that negatively affects patients’ physical and mental health. AGA can be treated with drugs that improve the perifollicular microenvironment, such as 5α-reductase inhibitors (e.g., dutasteride [DUT]), androgen receptor blockers, and minoxidil. However, the efficacy of these treatments is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to show that nanoparticles are effective as stable carriers with high curative benefits and little adverse effects. The in vitro study showed that PLGA-DUT/siAR@DPCM NPs could deliver both DUT and siAR to dermal papilla cells. They could successfully suppress 5α-reductase and knock down androgen receptor, respectively, and thereby promote cell proliferation. In the in vivo study, PLGA-DUT/siAR@DPCM NPs showed a significant therapeutic effect in an AGA mouse model. They successfully penetrated the stratum corneum and showed a clear targeting effect on hair follicles and surrounding tissues. PLGA-DUT/siAR@DPCM NPs could enable the targeted delivery of DUT and siAR through percutaneous penetration, enhancing phagocytosis and decreasing adverse effects. Thus, they have great potential in the clinical treatment of AGA.
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Ding Y, Li Y, Sun Z, Han X, Chen Y, Ge Y, Mao Z, Wang W. Cell-derived extracellular vesicles and membranes for tissue repair. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:368. [PMID: 34789267 PMCID: PMC8600774 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans have a limited postinjury regenerative ability. Therefore, cell-derived biomaterials have long been utilized for tissue repair. Cells with multipotent differentiation potential, such as stem cells, have been administered to patients for the treatment of various diseases. Researchers expected that these cells would mediate tissue repair and regeneration through their multipotency. However, increasing evidence has suggested that in most stem cell therapies, the paracrine effect but not cell differentiation or regeneration is the major driving force of tissue repair. Additionally, ethical and safety problems have limited the application of stem cell therapies. Therefore, nonliving cell-derived techniques such as extracellular vesicle (EV) therapy and cell membrane-based therapy to fulfil the unmet demand for tissue repair are important. Nonliving cell-derived biomaterials are safer and more controllable, and their efficacy is easier to enhance through bioengineering approaches. Here, we described the development and evolution from cell therapy to EV therapy and cell membrane-based therapy for tissue repair. Furthermore, the latest advances in nonliving cell-derived therapies empowered by advanced engineering techniques are emphatically reviewed, and their potential and challenges in the future are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanjie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongquan Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yining Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao Ge
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengwei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Weilin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
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Jia L, Zhang P, Sun H, Dai Y, Liang S, Bai X, Feng L. Optimization of Nanoparticles for Smart Drug Delivery: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2790. [PMID: 34835553 PMCID: PMC8622036 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle delivery systems have good application prospects in the treatment of various diseases, especially in cancer treatment. The effect of drug delivery is regulated by the properties of nanoparticles. There have been many studies focusing on optimizing the structure of nanoparticles in recent years, and a series of achievements have been made. This review summarizes the optimization strategies of nanoparticles from three aspects-improving biocompatibility, increasing the targeting efficiency of nanoparticles, and improving the drug loading rate of nanoparticles-aiming to provide some theoretical reference for the subsequent drug delivery of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Jia
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.J.); (P.Z.); (H.S.); (Y.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.J.); (P.Z.); (H.S.); (Y.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Hongyan Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.J.); (P.Z.); (H.S.); (Y.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Yuguo Dai
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.J.); (P.Z.); (H.S.); (Y.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Shuzhang Liang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.J.); (P.Z.); (H.S.); (Y.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Xue Bai
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.J.); (P.Z.); (H.S.); (Y.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Lin Feng
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.J.); (P.Z.); (H.S.); (Y.D.); (S.L.)
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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Correction to: Stem cell membrane-coated isotretinoin for acne treatment. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:233. [PMID: 34362404 PMCID: PMC8348866 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00954-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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