Proteome profiling reveals insights into cold-tolerant growth in sea buckthorn

Elucidating Cellular Metabolism and Protein Difference Data from DIGE Proteomics Experiments Using Enzyme Assays

Assays for measuring enzyme activity can be useful tools for proteomics applications. Enzyme testing can be performed to validate an experimental system prior to a difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) proteomic experiment and can also be utilized as an integral part of multifaceted experiment in conjunction with DIGE. Data from enzyme tests can be used to corroborate results of DIGE proteomic experiments where an enzyme or enzymes are demonstrated by DIGE to be differentially expressed. Enzyme testing can also be utilized to support data from DIGE experiments that demonstrate metabolic changes in a biological system. The different types of enzyme assays that can be performed in conjunction with DIGE experiments are reviewed alongside a discussion of experimental approaches for designing enzyme assays.

Ecophysiolomic analysis of stress tolerant Himalayan shrub Hipppophae rhamnoides shows multifactorial acclimation strategies induced by diverse environmental conditions

Climatic fluctuations are a major global concern, affecting the agronomic productivity of plants. Hippophae rhamnoides a naturally growing stress tolerant Himalayan shrub was chosen to understand its stress hardiness mechanism. Comparative proteomic and biochemical analysis were done for pooled berry populations (HrB13 and HrB14) growing in two different environmental conditions. HrB13, growing under sub-optimal environmental conditions exhibited differential abundance of stress responsive proteins, which were the rate limiting enzymes associated with stress-responsive metabolic pathways, including Xanthine dehydrogenase (reactive oxygen species [ROS] signaling), Farnesyl diphosphate synthase (phenylpropanoid pathway), endosomal BRO-1 domain protein (ultraviolet [UV]-light stress), Phosphofructokinase (sugar metabolism) and Ubiquitin thioesterase (protein alterations). Biochemical investigations showed a positive correlation between proteomic plasticity (HrB13) and 1.6 to 15-fold accumulation of downstream adaptive metabolic signatures like enzymes and antioxidants involved in ROS scavenging pathways (Catalase, Ascorbate peroxidase, Glutathione reductase, ascorbate and glutathione content), secondary metabolites (phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (∝ - linolenic acid and linoleic acid). Interactome and KEGG pathway analysis also supported interactions of differentially accumulated proteins with stress-responsive signaling components involved in physiological pathways associated with stress tolerance. This is the first 'ecophysiolomics' study, showing the response of seabuckthorn to multiple stress conditions via activation of multifactorial acclimation strategies leading to morphological, metabolic and physiological modifications, resulting in dark orange berries in HrB13. Higher accumulation of omega-6 fatty acids, carotenoids and ascorbate during suboptimal growth conditions, provides exciting prospects for enhancing pharmaceutical properties of seabuckthorn berries, emphasizing need to analyze diversity of plant signaling mechanisms under changing climate conditions.

Elucidating Cellular Metabolism and Protein Difference Data from DIGE Proteomics Experiments Using Enzyme Assays

Assays for measuring enzyme activity can be useful tools for proteomics applications. Enzyme testing can be performed to validate an experimental system prior to a Difference Gel Electrophoresis (DIGE) proteomic experiment and can also be utilized as an integral part of multifaceted experiment in conjunction with DIGE. Data from enzyme tests can be used to corroborate results of DIGE proteomic experiments where an enzyme or enzymes are demonstrated by DIGE to be differentially expressed. Enzyme testing can also be utilized to support data from DIGE experiments that demonstrate metabolic changes in a biological system. The different types of enzyme assays that can be performed in conjunction with DIGE experiments are reviewed alongside a discussion of experimental approaches for designing enzyme assays.