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Broncano-Bolzoni M, González-Carrasco M, Juvinyà-Canal D, Lluch-Canut MT. The Mental Health of Patients With Psychotic Disorder From a Positive, Multidimensional and Recovery Perspective. Front Psychol 2022; 13:857598. [PMID: 35859819 PMCID: PMC9290860 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.857598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive mental health (PMH) and mental illness are distinct, yet interrelated, constructs. However, this relationship has yet to be adequately established. We aimed to evaluate the level of PMH and its relationship with sociodemographic and clinical determinants as well as to explore the relationship between PMH and the positive constructs of recovery, subjective wellbeing (SWB), insight and functioning in patients with psychotic disorder. A multicenter, descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational study with a sample of 347 patients with psychotic disorder was conducted. The following assessment instruments were used: Positive Mental Health Questionnaire, Maryland Assessment of Recovery in Serious Mental Illness scale, Insight Scale, Personal Wellbeing Index-Adult version (PWI-A), Overall Life Satisfaction (OLS) and Global Assessment of Functioning scale. The mean global level of PMH was 116.16 (range of 39–156, SD = 19.39). Significant differences were found in PMH in relation to sociodemographic (sex, civil status and employment situation) and clinical variables (family history of mental disorders, number of prescribed antipsychotics, treatment with anxiolytics, treatment with antidepressants and suicide attempts). PMH was significantly and positively correlated with recovery (r = 0.760), SWB (PWI-A: r = 0.728 and OLS: r = 0.602) and functioning (r = 0.243), and negatively with insight (r = −0.335). These results can lead to a major change in mental health care. If actions are taken to increase PMH, then recovery, SWB and functioning will also increase. At the same time, interventions should be carried out to boost insight, since increasing PMH could decrease insight, all resulting in better quality of life for patients with psychotic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Broncano-Bolzoni
- Institut d'Assistència Sanitària, Girona, Spain
- Department of Nursing, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | | | - Dolors Juvinyà-Canal
- Department of Nursing, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Research Group Health and Healthcare, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Dolors Juvinyà-Canal
| | - MTeresa Lluch-Canut
- Mental Health Sciences Department, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Vaingankar JA, Abdin E, Chong SA, Sambasivam R, Shafie S, Ong HL, Jeyagurunathan A, Wen Lau Y, Samari E, Chua YC, Pang S, Subramaniam M. Development of the Chinese, Malay and Tamil translations of the Positive Mental Health Instrument: Cross-cultural adaptation, validity and internal consistency. Transcult Psychiatry 2021; 58:76-95. [PMID: 33297859 DOI: 10.1177/1363461520976045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the development and validation of Chinese, Malay and Tamil translations of the Positive Mental Health Instrument (PMHI) in a general population sample in Singapore. Translations were performed using two independent forward translations followed by expert panel discussions and tested for content, construct and language appropriateness using focus group discussions. The final translated tools were field-tested among 220 residents per language using self-administered questionnaires comprising the translated PMHI and other validity measures. Missing data, floor and ceiling effects, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), internal consistency, item response theory differential item functioning (IRT-DIF) and criterion validity were assessed. A total of 10 PMHI-Chinese items, 26 PMHI-Malay items and six response categories and six PMHI-Tamil items were modified based on expert panel and focus group discussions. PMHI had low missing data and showed negative but acceptable skewness (<2) and kurtosis (<7) for all translations, except for the PMHI-Malay "spirituality" subscale (skewness: -2.8; kurtosis: 12.5). CFA showed that all three PMHI translations fulfilled the original six-factor-higher-order structure (RMSEA = 0.05, CFI = 0.962, TLI = 0.96). Cronbach's alpha coefficients for total PMHI were 0.958, 0.954, 0.945 and 0.949 in the overall sample and the Chinese, Malay and Tamil translations, respectively. The three translations of the PMHI showed expected and significant positive (r = 0.116 to 0.663) and negative correlations (r = -0.137 to -0.574) with established measures. The findings show that the Chinese, Malay and Tamil translations of the PMHI have high internal consistency and validity in this multi-ethnic population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Siow Ann Chong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | | | - Saleha Shafie
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Hui Lin Ong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | | | - Ying Wen Lau
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | | | - Yi Chian Chua
- Department of Early Psychosis, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Shirlene Pang
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
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Lanzotti RB, Damasceno VAM, Orlandi FDS. Tradução, adaptação cultural e validação do Frail Non-Disabled Questionnaire para o contexto brasileiro. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GERIATRIA E GERONTOLOGIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-22562021024.200321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivo Traduzir, adaptar e validar o Frail Non-Disabled Questionnaire (FiND) para o contexto brasileiro. Método Foram seguidas as etapas preconizadas para instrumentos da área da saúde: tradução inicial, síntese das traduções, retrotradução, revisão por um comitê de especialistas, pré-teste e avaliação das propriedades psicométricas da escala. Todos os preceitos éticos foram seguidos. Resultados A tradução e a retrotradução foram realizadas por dois tradutores independentes e qualificados. A revisão por especialistas demonstrou sua validade de conteúdo. No pré-teste, o FiND foi de fácil compreensão e aplicação. Na avaliação das propriedades psicométricas, o instrumento demonstrou valores satisfatórios de confiabilidade e reprodutibilidade. A validade de critério concorrente foi verificada, encontrando correlação positiva com significância estatística entre o escore do FiND e do Fenótipo de Fragilidade de Fried, e valores satisfatórios de sensibilidade, especificidade, valores preditivos positivo e negativo, e acurácia. A validade de construto convergente foi analisada, indicando correlação positiva estatisticamente significante entre o escore do FiND e os sintomas depressivos, e correlações negativas com o estado nutricional, cognitivo, e com os domínios do componente físico da qualidade de vida. A validade discriminante foi analisada por meio da comparação das médias do FiND entre os grupos: robusto, não frágil e frágil, com e sem sintomas depressivos, com melhor e com pior percepção de qualidade de vida, e com estado nutricional adequado, sob risco de desnutrição e com estado de desnutrição, as quais mostraram-se estatisticamente significantes. Conclusão O FiND encontra-se traduzido, adaptado e validado para o contexto brasileiro.
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Vaingankar JA, Abdin E, van Dam RM, Chong SA, Tan LWL, Sambasivam R, Seow E, Chua BY, Wee HL, Lim WY, Subramaniam M. Development and validation of the Rapid Positive Mental Health Instrument (R-PMHI) for measuring mental health outcomes in the population. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:471. [PMID: 32272931 PMCID: PMC7146878 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08569-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The multidimensional Positive Mental Health Instrument (PMHI) has 47 items and six subscales. This study aimed to develop and validate a short unidimensional version of the PMHI among Singapore’s adult resident population. Methods Using pooled data from three earlier studies (n = 1050), PMHI items were reduced by Partial Credit Rasch Model (PCRM) runs in a random split-half sample, while psychometric properties of the resulting measure were tested through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), item response theory-graded response model and internal consistency reliability in the other half. Its reliability, construct and concurrent validity, agreement with the original scale, floor and ceiling effect, and scale estimates were further investigated in an external representative general population sample (n = 1925). Results The average age of the participants was around 41 years. Four PCRM re-runs for item selection resulted in a 6-item unidimensional Rapid PMHI (R-PMHI). CFA confirmed the unidimensional structure of the R-PMHI in the internal (RMSEA = 0.075, CFI = 0.985, TLI = 0.974) and external (RMSEA = 0.051, CFI = 0.992, TLI = 0.987) validation samples. In the external validation sample, the R-PMHI met concurrent validity criteria, showing high agreement with the 47-item version with intra-class correlation coefficient of 0.872 (95% CI: 0.861 to 0.882) and low floor and ceiling effects. Weight-adjusted mean (SE, 95% CI) R-PMHI score in the population was 4.86 (0.2, 4.82–4.90). Conclusion The unidimensional 6-item R-PMHI offers brevity over the original multidimensional measure while appropriately representing the positive mental health construct. Prospective studies are needed to assess its responsiveness and test-retest reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10, Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore.
| | - Edimansyah Abdin
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10, Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Robertus Martinus van Dam
- Department of Medicine, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siow Ann Chong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10, Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Linda Wei Lin Tan
- Department of Medicine, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rajeswari Sambasivam
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10, Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Esmond Seow
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10, Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Boon Yiang Chua
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10, Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Hwee Lin Wee
- Department of Medicine, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Yen Lim
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mythily Subramaniam
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10, Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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Siva Kumar FD, Vaingankar JA, Sambasivam R, Abdin E, Jeyagurunathan A, Seow E, Picco L, Chong SA, Subramaniam M. Marital Status and Positive Mental Health of Psychiatric Outpatients. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2019. [DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v48n12p429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Esmond Seow
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Louisa Picco
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Siow Ann Chong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
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Kwan YH, Uy EJ, Bautista DC, Xin X, Xiao Y, Lee GL, Subramaniam M, Vaingankar JA, Chan MF, Kumar N, Cheung YB, Chua TSJ, Thumboo J. Development and calibration of a novel positive mindset item bank to measure health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Singapore. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220293. [PMID: 31365554 PMCID: PMC6668803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive mindset (PM) is an important domain of health-related quality of life in Singapore, a multi-ethnic urban city state in Southeast Asia. We therefore developed and calibrated a novel item bank to measure and improve PM. METHODS We developed an initial candidate pool of 48 items from focus groups, in-depth interviews and existing instruments locally developed and validated for use in Singapore. We administered all items in English to a multi-stage sample stratified for age and gender, of subjects with and without medical conditions recruited from the community and a hospital, and calibrated their responses using Samejima's Graded Response Model. We evaluated a final 36-item bank with respect to Item Response Theory (IRT) model assumptions, model fit, differential item functioning (DIF), concurrent and known-groups validity. RESULTS Among 493 participants (49.3% male, 41.6% above 50 years old, 33% Chinese, Malay and Indian), bifactor model analyses supported unidimensionality: explained common variance of the general factor was 0.86 and omega hierarchical was 0.97. Local independence was deemed acceptable: the average absolute residual correlations were <0.06 and 3.3% of the total item-pair residuals were flagged for local dependence. The overall model fit was adequate and provided good coverage of the PM construct (theta range: -3.6 to +2.4). Five items exhibited DIF with respect to ethnicity and gender, but were retained without modification of scores because they measured important aspects of PM. Scores correlated in the hypothesized direction with a self-reported measure of global health (Spearman's rho = -0.28, p<0.001) and discriminated between groups of participants with and without a self-reported diagnosis of a mood disorder (p = 0.007) adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, education and marital status. CONCLUSION The 36-item PM item bank demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties for the English-speaking Singaporean population. IRT model assumptions were sufficiently met and scores showed concurrent and known-groups validity. Future studies to evaluate the validity of PM scores when items are administered adaptively are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Heng Kwan
- Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elenore Judy Uy
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dianne Carrol Bautista
- Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaohui Xin
- Academic Clinical Programme for Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yunshan Xiao
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Geok Ling Lee
- Department of Social Work, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mythily Subramaniam
- Research Department, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
- Neuroscience and Mental Health, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Nisha Kumar
- Health Promotion Board, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yin Bun Cheung
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Tampere Center for Child Health Research, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Julian Thumboo
- Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Office of Clinical, Academic & Faculty Affairs, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Vaingankar JA, Subramaniam M, Tan LWL, Abdin E, Lim WY, Wee HL, Chong SA, van Dam RM. Psychometric properties and population norms of the positive mental health instrument in a representative multi-ethnic Asian population. BMC Med Res Methodol 2018; 18:29. [PMID: 29544448 PMCID: PMC5856373 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-018-0487-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Measures of mental well-being and positive mental health (PMH) have been largely developed and used in Western populations, however, data on representative Asian communities are lacking. Using data from a population sample, this study sought to establish psychometric properties and norms of the PMH Instrument (PMH-I), a measure of positive mental health developed in Singapore. Methods We conducted a nationally representative survey among 1925 adults aged 18–79 years of Chinese, Malay, Indian or other ethnicity. Participants reported socio-demographic characteristics and completed the PMH-I along with measures of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and psychological distress. Construct validity of the PMH-I was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis and concurrent validity was tested through correlation with other psychological measures. Normative PMH values and differences in population subgroups were estimated. Results The six-factor-higher-order structure of the PMH-I comprising six subscales of general coping, emotional support, spirituality, interpersonal skills, personal growth and autonomy and global affect was confirmed. Concurrent validity was shown through significant positive correlation of the total PMH score and its subscales with HRQoL and an inverse correlation with psychological distress. Weighted age, gender and ethnicity-specific norms were derived for the Singapore population. Total PMH was significantly higher in participants aged over 40 years as compared with 18–29 year olds and in non-Chinese ethnic groups as compared with Chinese. These differences were observed for all PMH-I subscales, with the exception of emotional support and interpersonal skills score differences by age. In contrast, gender, marital status, and education level were significantly associated with some of the subscales, but not with total PMH. Conclusions These results support the psychometric properties of the PMH-I in a multi-ethnic Asian population sample. The generalizable population-based norms support the application of the PMH-I for measuring mental health and assessing its determinants within the Singapore general population. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12874-018-0487-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mythily Subramaniam
- Institute of Mental Health, 10, Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health and Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Linda Wei Lin Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health and Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edimansyah Abdin
- Institute of Mental Health, 10, Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Wei Yen Lim
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hwee Lin Wee
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health and Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siow Ann Chong
- Institute of Mental Health, 10, Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Rob Martinus van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health and Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
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Vaingankar JA, Abdin E, Chong SA, Sambasivam R, Seow E, Jeyagurunathan A, Picco L, Stewart-Brown S, Subramaniam M. Psychometric properties of the short Warwick Edinburgh mental well-being scale (SWEMWBS) in service users with schizophrenia, depression and anxiety spectrum disorders. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2017; 15:153. [PMID: 28764770 PMCID: PMC5539899 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-017-0728-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To establish the validity and reliability of the Short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS) in service users with schizophrenia, depression and anxiety spectrum disorders in Singapore and estimate SWEMWBS scores across socio-demographic and the three psychiatric diagnostic groups in the sample. Methods This secondary analysis was conducted using data from a study among outpatients of a tertiary psychiatric hospital. In addition to the SWEMWBS, socio-demographic data and current psychiatric diagnosis were collected. Service users were also administered the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-8, Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-7, Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and the Positive Mental Health (PMH) instrument. The SWEMWBS was tested for factorial validity, reliability and convergent and divergent validity. Results In total, 350 service users with a mean (SD) age of 39.1 (11.1) years were included in this study of which 39.4%, 38.9% and 21.7% had schizophrenia, depression and anxiety spectrum disorders, respectively. The single factor structure of the SWEMWBS was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFI = 0.969, TLI = 0.954, RMSEA = 0.029). The internal consistency reliability was high (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.89). The convergent and divergent validity testing revealed that the SWEMWBS scores had significant moderate to high positive correlations with GAF, SWLS and PMH scores and moderate negative correlations with (PHQ)-8 and (GAD)-7 scores. SWEMWBS scores were higher in married participants (22.2 (5.4) versus never married: 20.7 (5.3) and divorced/separated/widowed: 20.4 (5.1), p = 0.049) and among those with schizophrenia (22.8 (5.5) versus depression:19.6 (4.7) and anxiety spectrum disorders 20.9 (5.2), p < 0.001). Conclusion These results demonstrate adequate validity and reliability of the SWEMWBS in people with schizophrenia, depression and anxiety spectrum disorders in Singapore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore.
| | - Edimansyah Abdin
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Siow Ann Chong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Rajeswari Sambasivam
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Esmond Seow
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Anitha Jeyagurunathan
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Louisa Picco
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | | | - Mythily Subramaniam
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
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Picco L, Yuan Q, Vaingankar JA, Chang S, Abdin E, Chua HC, Chong SA, Subramaniam M. Positive mental health among health professionals working at a psychiatric hospital. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178359. [PMID: 28591203 PMCID: PMC5462373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive mental health (PMH) is a combination of emotional, psychological and social well-being that is necessary for an individual to be mentally healthy. The current study aims to examine the socio-demographic differences of PMH among mental health professionals and to explore the association between job satisfaction and total PMH. METHODS Doctors, nurses and allied health staff (n = 462) completed the online survey which included the multidimensional 47-item PMH instrument as well as a single item job satisfaction question. Associations of PMH with job satisfaction were investigated via linear regression models. RESULTS Significant differences in PMH total and domain specific scores were observed across socio-demographic characteristics. Age and ethnicity were significantly correlated with PMH total scores as well as various domain scores, while gender, marital and residency status and the staff's position were only significantly correlated with domain specific scores. Job satisfaction was also found to be a significantly associated with total PMH. CONCLUSION The workplace is a key environment that affects the mental health and well-being of working adults. In order to promote and foster PMH, workplaces need to consider the importance of psychosocial well-being and the wellness of staff whilst providing an environment that supports and maintains overall health and work efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Picco
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qi Yuan
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Sherilyn Chang
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edimansyah Abdin
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong Choon Chua
- Chief Executive Office, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siow Ann Chong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
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Jeyagurunathan A, Vaingankar JA, Abdin E, Sambasivam R, Seow E, Pang S, Picco L, Chong SA, Subramaniam M. Gender differences in positive mental health among individuals with schizophrenia. Compr Psychiatry 2017; 74:88-95. [PMID: 28113098 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article aims to investigate the gender differences in positive mental health among outpatients with schizophrenia. METHODS 142 outpatients (aged 21-65 years) with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were recruited from a tertiary psychiatric hospital. They were administered the following instruments: The Positive Mental Health (PMH) instrument, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-8 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-7, and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were gathered from interviews with the participants as well as from their medical records. Independent t-tests and chi-square tests were performed to investigate the gender differences in PMH total and domain-specific scores. Association of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics with PMH was furthered explored in men and women independently using multiple linear regression analyses using backward stepwise method. RESULTS PMH total score and Emotional Support (ES) and Global Affect (GA) sub-scale scores were significantly higher among women vs men (PMH = 4.41 vs 4.07, p value = 0.01 and domains ES = 4.56 vs 3.84, p value < 0.01 and GA = 4.44 vs 4.02, p value = 0.01), given that the men and women samples did not differ significantly in their socio-demographic and clinical profiles. After adjusting for all covariates, men with no formal/ primary education were significantly associated with lower PMH total score than those with higher (secondary, A level, pre-university) education. Men belonging to Malay ethnic group had significant higher PMH total score compared to men of Chinese ethnicity. Among the women samples, those with depression as measured by PHQ-8 had significantly lower scores in the PMH total score and higher GAF score was associated with significantly higher scores in PMH total score. CONCLUSIONS This study identified gender differences in PMH of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders whereby women had higher PMH total score and domain scores than men. The study also identified factors associated with PMH which can aid in designing gender appropriate mental health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Esmond Seow
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore.
| | - Shirlene Pang
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore.
| | - Louisa Picco
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore.
| | - Siow Ann Chong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore.
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Positive mental health in outpatients: comparison within diagnostic groups. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:412. [PMID: 27863524 PMCID: PMC5116138 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-1113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive mental health (PMH) supplements the definition of mental health which is not just the mere absence of mental illness. It encompasses an individual's social, emotional and psychological well-being. This cross-sectional study examines the PMH levels in a multi-ethnic outpatient population and the socio-demographic correlates of PMH across the various diagnostic groups. In addition comparisons with the general population were conducted. METHODS Outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum, depressive or anxiety disorders seeking treatment at a tertiary psychiatric care hospital were included in the study sample. All respondents completed the PMH instrument. Independent t-tests and ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used to establish differences between the PMH levels and domains. RESULTS Three hundred and sixty outpatients with a mean age of 39.2 years were included in the study. 52.5% were younger adults (21-39 years). There were slightly more males (50.8%) and 56.1% of the sample was unemployed. PMH scores differed between the patient and general populations. There were significant associations of the PMH domains with socio-demographic variables such as age, ethnicity, gender and education status in the patient population. CONCLUSIONS PMH can be viewed as a protective factor of mental illnesses. As such it is critical that mental health professionals examine the domains of PMH in individuals with mental illnesses. This will in turn allow them to develop coping strategies that can look into focusing on emotional, psychological and social well-being appropriately to allow these individuals to thrive.
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Seow LSE, Vaingankar JA, Abdin E, Sambasivam R, Jeyagurunathan A, Pang S, Chong SA, Subramaniam M. Positive mental health in outpatients with affective disorders: Associations with life satisfaction and general functioning. J Affect Disord 2016; 190:499-507. [PMID: 26561940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive mental health (PMH) is an integral and essential component of health that encompasses emotional, psychological and social well-being. The Keyes' two continua model of mental health and illness posits that mental health status is not merely the absence of mental health problems, and it can be enhanced regardless of a diagnosis of mental illness. The present study hypothesized that mentally ill patients with higher levels of PMH would be associated with better life satisfaction and general functioning. METHODS 218 outpatients with affective disorders at a tertiary psychiatric hospital were recruited and administered the multidimensional Positive Mental Health instrument, which was validated and developed in Singapore to measure PMH. Depression and anxiety severity were also assessed. Associations of positive mental health with life satisfaction and general functioning were investigated in linear regression models. RESULTS PMH scores varied largely within patients with depressive and anxiety disorders but did not differ statistically across the two diagnoses, except for emotional support. PMH was associated with both life satisfaction and general functioning with little evidence of confounding by sociodemographic and clinical status. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design of the study could not examine causal relationships. Findings may be restrictive to treatment-seeking population with specific affective disorders. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence to support the notion that a good mental health state is not simply the absence of a mental disorder. Mentally ill patients can also have high levels of PMH that possibly have a moderating or mediating effect on the relationship between patients' clinical symptoms and life satisfaction or general functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shirlene Pang
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Siow Ann Chong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
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