1
|
Pereira CS, Santiago LM, Rosendo Silva I, Ferreira P. Validation and Cultural Adaptation of the Problem Areas in Diabetes-5 (PAID-5) Scale to European Portuguese. ACTA MEDICA PORT 2024; 37:36-41. [PMID: 37498193 DOI: 10.20344/amp.18995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes distress syndrome (DDS) can lead to poor outcomes and should be assessed with adapted and validated tools. One of these tools is the Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale, which assesses diabetes distress in people suffering from diabetes (PsD). A short five-item form, PAID-5, is an easier and quicker alternative to be used in clinical and research practices, than the previous one with 20-items and has been validated by the original authors. This study intended to perform the cultural adaptation and validation of the PAID-5 scale in European Portuguese. METHODS To create the Portuguese version of PAID-5, translation-back translation, a clinical review, and a cognitive debriefing panel were performed. A convenience sample of 90 PsD was studied in three primary healthcare units for reliability and validity tests. Reliability was studied by the internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and the interval coefficient correlation (ICC) under a test-retest design. Structural validity was studied by principal component analysis. The construct validity was tested by the sensitivity of the PAID-5 total score with age, most recent HbA1c test, and socioeconomic class by the Socio-Economic Deprivation Index (SEDI). Criterion validity was tested by correlating the PAID-5 total score with the psychological distress questions of the Diabetes Health Profile 18 Questions (DHP-PDQ). RESULTS A Cronbach's alpha coefficient value of 0.905 and an ICC of 0.905 were computed. In a sample of n = 90 PsD, 55.6% were males, 63.3% aged 65 years or more, SEDI was 5.2 ± 0.8 [3 to 6], 44.4% studied for less than 4 years, and 18.9% were living alone. The Spearman correlation between PAID-5 and DHP-PDQ total scores was ρ = 0.382, p < 0.001, between PAID-5 total score and age was ρ = -0.207, p = 0.050 and between PAID-5 total score and most recent HbA1c knowledge was ρ = 0.275, p = 0.040. There was no significant relationship between PAID-5 total score and SEDI ρ = 0.080, p = 0.452. CONCLUSION DDS can now be assessed in the Portuguese context, accounting for better intervention by primary care teams. PAID-5 has good psychometric properties and is a reliable scale to identify diabetes-specific distress in the Portuguese diabetic population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiz Miguel Santiago
- Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade de Coimbra. Coimbra. & Centro de Estudos e Investigação em Saúde - CEISUC. Universidade de Coimbra. Coimbra. Portugal
| | - Inês Rosendo Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade de Coimbra. Coimbra. & Unidade de Saúde Familiar Coimbra Centro. Agrupamento de Centros de Saúde Baixo Mondego. Coimbra. Portugal
| | - Pedro Ferreira
- Centro de Estudos e Investigação em Saúde - CEISUC. Universidade de Coimbra. Coimbra. Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hayashino Y, Goto M, Yamamoto T, Tsujii S, Ishii H. The Japanese version of Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale: a clinical and research tool to assess emotional functioning among people with diabetes. Diabetol Int 2024; 15:117-122. [PMID: 38264232 PMCID: PMC10800308 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-023-00661-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this study was to develop the Japanese version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale, a measure of emotional adjustment to diabetes that has been translated into Japanese by our group. Materials and methods A total of 418 Japanese people with diabetes attending our outpatient clinic participated (n = 65 type 1 and n = 353 type 2). We assessed the internal reliability of the PAID, examined correlations of the PAID with conceptually related psychosocial constructs, evaluated mean differences in the PAID between diabetes treatment groups, and examined correlations of the PAID with diabetes self-care behaviours and selected treatment outcomes. Results Results showed that the PAID had excellent reliability (Cronbach alpha = 0.934). The PAID correlated significantly with the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (r = -0.593, p < 0.0001) and the positive wellbeing (r = -0.396, p < 0.0001), negative wellbeing (r = -0.640, p < 0.0001) and energy (r = -0.444, p < 0.0001) subscales of the Wellbeing Questionnaire. Adherence to diet was negatively correlated with PAID score (r = -0.263, p < 0.0001). The frequency of recent hypoglycemia and number of chronic complications (retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy) were positively correlated with PAID scores. PAID was weakly correlated with HbA1c (r = 0.13, p = 0.01). Conclusions In conclusion, the Japanese version of the PAID demonstrated good internal reliability and evidence of concurrent and discriminant validity. The PAID measures the impact of diabetes, diabetes treatment and treatment outcomes on the emotions of people with diabetes. The results provide encouraging evidence for the clinical utility of the PAID in Japanese people with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Hayashino
- Department of Endocrinology, Tenri Hospital, 200 Mishima-Cho, Tenri City, Nara 632-8552 Japan
| | - Masashi Goto
- Department of General Medicine and Community Health Science, Hyogo Medical University, Sasayama Medical Center, 5 Kurooka, Tambasasayama, Hyogo 669-2321 Japan
| | - Toshikazu Yamamoto
- Department of Diabetes, Heartlife Clinic, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0101 Japan
| | - Satoru Tsujii
- Department of Endocrinology, Tenri Hospital, 200 Mishima-Cho, Tenri City, Nara 632-8552 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ishii
- Department of Doctor-Patient Relationships, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Trujillo C, Ferrari G, Ngoga G, McLaughlin A, Davies J, Tucker A, Randolph C, Cook R, Park PH, Bukhman G, Adler AJ, Pierre J. Evaluating implementation of Diabetes Self-Management Education in Maryland County, Liberia: protocol for a pilot prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060592. [PMID: 36253048 PMCID: PMC9577905 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Achieving glycaemic targets for people living with diabetes (PLWD) is challenging, especially in settings with limited resources. Programmes need to address gaps in knowledge, skills and self-management. Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) is an evidence-based intervention to educate and empower PLWD to improve self-management activities. This protocol describes a pilot study assessing the feasibility, acceptability and effect on clinical outcomes of implementing DSME in clinics caring for people living with insulin-dependent diabetes in Liberia. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Our protocol is a three-phased, mixed-methods, quasi-experimental prospective cohort study. Phase 1 focuses on (a) establishing a Patient Advisory Board and (b) training providers in DSME who provide care for PLWD. In phase 2, clinicians will implement DSME. In phase 3, we will train additional providers who interact with PLWD.We will assess whether this DSME programme can lead to increased provider knowledge of DSME, improvements in diabetes self-management behaviours, glycaemic control, diabetes knowledge and psychosocial well-being, and a reduction in severe adverse events. Primary outcomes of interest are implementation outcomes and change in frequency of self-management behaviours by patients. Secondary outcomes include change in haemoglobin A1c, psychosocial well-being, severe adverse events and change in provider knowledge of DSME. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval was obtained from the University of Liberia Institutional Review Board (IRB) and the Brigham and Women's Hospital IRB. Findings from the study will be shared with local and national clinical and programmatic stakeholders and published in an open-access, peer-reviewed journal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celina Trujillo
- Center for Integration Science, Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- NCD Synergies Project, Partners In Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gina Ferrari
- Center for Integration Science, Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- NCD Synergies Project, Partners In Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gedeon Ngoga
- NCD Synergies Project, Partners In Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- NCD Program, Partners In Health, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Amy McLaughlin
- NCD Synergies Project, Partners In Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- NCD Program, Partners In Health Liberia, Harper, Maryland, Liberia
| | - Joe Davies
- NCD Program, Partners In Health Liberia, Harper, Maryland, Liberia
| | | | - Cyrus Randolph
- NCD Program, Partners In Health Liberia, Harper, Maryland, Liberia
| | - Rebecca Cook
- NCD Program, Partners In Health Liberia, Harper, Maryland, Liberia
- Division of Global Health, Department of Population Health, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Paul H Park
- Center for Integration Science, Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- NCD Synergies Project, Partners In Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gene Bukhman
- Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Global NCDs and Social Change, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alma J Adler
- Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacquelin Pierre
- NCD Program, Partners In Health Liberia, Harper, Maryland, Liberia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sayed Ahmed HA, Mohamed SF, Elotla SF, Mostafa M, Shah J, Fouad AM. Psychrometric Properties of the Arabic Version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale in Primary Care. Front Public Health 2022; 10:843164. [PMID: 35284366 PMCID: PMC8913881 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.843164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale is a reliable and valid tool that is widely used for diabetes-distress screening, but the Arabic version of the scale lacks validity and reliability analysis in primary healthcare (PHC) patients. Our study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the PAID (AR-PAID) scale among Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in PHC settings. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study on a convenience sample of 200 patients from six rural PHC settings in the Ismailia governorate. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to test the goodness-of-fit to the predefined models of the PAID. Convergent construct was evaluated through correlations with the Arabic versions of the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5), additionally glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Discriminant validity was evaluated through associations with patients' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Reliability was evaluated through internal consistency (Cronbach's α) and test-retest reliability analysis (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC). Results The CFA demonstrated the best fit for a four-factor model. The AR-PAID was significantly correlated with the following measures: PHQ-9 (rho = 0.71, p < 0.001), GAD-7 (rho = 0.50, p < 0.001), WHO-5 (rho = −0.69, p < 0.001), and HbA1c (rho = 0.36, p < 0.001), supporting sound convergent validity. Discriminant validity was satisfactory demonstrated. Internal consistency was excellent (α = 0.96) and test-retest reliability was stable (ICC = 0.97). Conclusions The AR-PAID scale is a valid and reliable instrument for diabetes-distress screening in primary care patients with T2DM that can be used in clinical settings and research. Further research is needed to validate short forms of the AR-PAID scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hazem A. Sayed Ahmed
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Samar Farag Mohamed
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Sally Fawzy Elotla
- Department of Public Health, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mona Mostafa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Jaffer Shah
- Medical Research Center, Kateb University, Kabul, Afghanistan
- *Correspondence: Jaffer Shah
| | - Ahmed Mahmoud Fouad
- Department of Public Health, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|