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Olsen BJ, Kemp K, Campbell R, Kumar S, Monje-Garcia L, Sebastian S, Iqbal TH, Radford SJ. Significance and structure of clinical research in the UK: an introduction for gastroenterology and hepatology nurses. Frontline Gastroenterol 2024; 15:170-173. [PMID: 38779474 PMCID: PMC11106761 DOI: 10.1136/flgastro-2023-102492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This is the first of two articles from the joint British Society of Gastroenterology Nurses association and Research Committee working group. The group is dedicated to signposting and improving access to research for specialist nurses working in gastroenterology and hepatology. This article is an introduction to the significance and structure of the National Institute for Health Research clinical research landscape in the UK and the importance of encouraging nurse engagement in research. This paper describes and 'demystifies' the clinical trials infrastructure in the UK, which is one of the most organised in the world. Going forwards this working group will organise and conduct educational events encouraging specialist nurses to become more aware of and engage in clinical research in their area of practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billye J Olsen
- Endoscopy, Belfast City Hospital Health and Social Services Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Karen Kemp
- Gastroenterology/IBD, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Shaila Kumar
- Biofeedback and Nerve Stimulation, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, UK
| | - Laura Monje-Garcia
- St Mark's the National Bowel Hospital and Academic Institute, London, UK
| | - Shaji Sebastian
- Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
- Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK
| | - Tariq H Iqbal
- Gastroenterology, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Shellie Jean Radford
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham University Park Campus, Nottingham, UK
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Raschke N, Bradbury J, Yoxall J. Perceptions of research capacity in public health organisations: comparison of NSW metropolitan and non-metropolitan Local Health Districts. AUST HEALTH REV 2022; 46:746-755. [PMID: 36396128 DOI: 10.1071/ah22100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aims of this study were to explore and compare the perceptions of research capacity and culture (RCC) in metropolitan and non-metropolitan New South Wales (NSW) Local Health Districts (LHDs). Methods The Research Capacity and Culture Tool was delivered online to clinicians and health managers. A 10-point Likert scale of success or skill at organisational, team and individual level of research capacity was used. An independent t -test assessed differences in domain means between non-metropolitan and metropolitan LHDs. Results A total of 1243 participants responded. Responses to the survey indicated the perception of individual's research skills were greater than the perception of RCC at both the team and organisational levels. Participants from metropolitan locations had significantly higher mean scores across all three domains compared with non-metropolitan locations (P Conclusion Results indicated the perception of individual's research skills were greater than the team and organisational levels. Participants from metropolitan locations had significantly higher perceptions of RCC across all three domains compared with non-metropolitan locations. This was the largest study to date in Australia investigating RCC in NSW LHDs, and the first study to explore multiple professions across multiple organisations while comparing metropolitan and non-metropolitan settings. This research may inform targeted strategies for building research capacity in NSW LHDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Raschke
- Mid North Coast Local Health District, Port Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Joanne Bradbury
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia
| | - Jacqui Yoxall
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia
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Smythe A, Carter V, Dube A, Cannaby AM. How a better understanding of nursing research roles may help to embed research into clinical structures. BRITISH JOURNAL OF NURSING (MARK ALLEN PUBLISHING) 2022; 31:902-906. [PMID: 36149424 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2022.31.17.902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite efforts to build research capacity within nursing there are growing concerns about the lack of funding and support for nurses who wish to pursue a career in research. AIM To explore how research capacity within the nursing profession can be increased. DISCUSSION The disparity in opportunity and support for such roles is a barrier to the growth of nursing research. This article examines the nomenclature that exists around nursing roles in research, including those of clinical research nurse, nurse researcher and clinical nurse academic, and the challenges associated with each of these roles. The authors reflect on their career paths, specifically the transition from clinical research nurse to nurse researcher. CONCLUSION To grow research capacity within the nursing discipline, organisations must provide opportunities for research at all career stages, promote the fundamental role that research plays in the quality of patient care and highlight career pathways and roles in nursing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analisa Smythe
- Research Matron, The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, and Visiting Fellow, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent
| | - Vanda Carter
- Trust Practice Education Facilitator for Research, The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust and PhD Candidate, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent
| | - Alisen Dube
- Research Fellow (Clinical and Medical Statistics) and Doctoral Student, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent
| | - Ann-Marie Cannaby
- Chief Nursing Officer, The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust and Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust, Wolverhampton
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Kehagia AA, North TK, Grose J, Jeffery AN, Cocking L, Chapman R, Carroll C. Enhancing Trial Delivery in Parkinson’s Disease: Qualitative Insights from PD STAT. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:1591-1604. [PMID: 35466952 PMCID: PMC9398073 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: Recruitment and retention of participants in clinical trials for Parkinson’s disease (PD) is challenging. A qualitative study embedded in the PD STAT multi-centre randomised controlled trial of simvastatin for neuroprotection in PD explored the motivators, barriers and challenges of participants, care partners and research staff. Objective: To outline a set of considerations informing a patient-centred approach to trial recruitment, retention, and delivery. Method: We performed semi-structured interviews and focus groups with a subset of trial participants and their care partners. Quantitative and qualitative data were obtained through surveys circulated among the 235 participants across 23 UK sites at the beginning, middle and end of the 2-year trial. We also interviewed and surveyed research staff at trial closure. Results: Twenty-seven people with PD, 6 care partners and 9 researchers participated in interviews and focus groups. A total of 463 trial participant survey datasets were obtained across three timepoints, and 53 staff survey datasets at trial closure. Trial participants discussed the physical and psychological challenges they faced, especially in the context of OFF state assessments, relationships, and communication with research staff. Care partners shared their insights into OFF state challenges, and the value of being heard by research teams. Research staff echoed many concerns with suggestions on flexible, person-centred approaches to maximising convenience, comfort, and privacy. Conclusion: These considerations, in favour of person-centred research protocols informed by the variable needs of participants, care partners and staff, could be developed into a set of recommendations for future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie A. Kehagia
- University College Hospital, University London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
- University of Plymouth, Faculty of Health, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Tracie K. North
- University of Plymouth, Faculty of Health, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Jane Grose
- University of Plymouth, Faculty of Health, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | | | - Laura Cocking
- University of Plymouth, Faculty of Health, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Rebecca Chapman
- University of Plymouth, Faculty of Health, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Camille Carroll
- University of Plymouth, Faculty of Health, Plymouth, Devon, UK
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Faulkner-Gurstein R, Wyatt D, Cowan H, Hare N, Harris C, Wolfe C. The organization and impacts of clinical research delivery workforce redeployment during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative case study of one research-intensive acute hospital trust. Health Res Policy Syst 2022; 20:68. [PMID: 35717233 PMCID: PMC9206093 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-022-00876-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 has tested healthcare and research systems around the world, forcing the large-scale reorganization of hospitals, research infrastructure and resources. The United Kingdom has been singled out for the speed and scale of its research response. The efficiency of the United Kingdom's research mobilization was in large part predicated on the pre-existing embeddedness of the clinical research system within the National Health Service (NHS), a public, free-at-point-of-delivery healthcare system. In this paper we discuss the redeployment of the clinical research workforce to support the pandemic clinical services, detailing the process of organizing this redeployment, as well as the impacts redeployment has had on both staff and research delivery at one research-intensive acute NHS trust in London. METHODS A social science case study of one large research-active NHS trust drawing on data from an online questionnaire; participant observation of key research planning meetings; semi-structured interviews with staff involved in research; and document analysis of emails and official national and trust communications. RESULTS We found that at our case-study hospital trust, the research workforce was a resource that was effectively redeployed as part of the pandemic response. Research delivery workers were redeployed to clinical roles, to COVID-related research and to work maintaining the research system during the redeployment itself. Redeployed research workers faced some difficulties with technology and communication, but many had a positive experience and saw the redeployment as a significant and valuable moment in their career. CONCLUSIONS This study explicates the role of the research delivery workforce for the United Kingdom's COVID response. Redeployed research workers facilitated the emergency response by delivering significant amounts of patient care. The public also benefited from having a well-developed research infrastructure in place that was able to flexibly respond to a novel virus. Many research workers feel that the NHS should provide more support for this distinctive workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Faulkner-Gurstein
- King's College London, London, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK.
| | - David Wyatt
- King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hannah Cowan
- King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Naomi Hare
- Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Clair Harris
- Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Charles Wolfe
- King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
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Papoulias SC, Callard F. Material and epistemic precarity: It's time to talk about labour exploitation in mental health research. Soc Sci Med 2022; 306:115102. [PMID: 35750003 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The conditions under which people labour in mental health research affect how and what knowledge is produced - and who benefits or doesn't from involvement in health research systems. There has been, however, little sustained investigation of the uneven modalities of labour exploitation across what are increasingly financialised systems of mental health research. This theoretical paper advances conceptual and empirical investigations of labour in health research - outlining how material precarity and epistemic precarity often go hand in hand, and largely drawing on examples from the UK. The intertwining of labour relations and epistemic cultures can be understood by bringing together insights from two bodies of knowledge not commonly in contact with one another - survivor/service user research and critical research on universities and academic labour. The article addresses how mental health research makes significant use of the labour of (i) contract researchers (many of whom work on precarious and exploitative contracts); (ii) lay contributors (through 'patient and public involvement'); and (iii) research participants (where the conditions underpinning participation in various kinds of research increasingly blur the distinction between volunteering, and 'gig' work). Labour relations affect, and are affected by, efforts to change epistemic cultures and reduce epistemic inequalities, and epistemic and material precarity make efforts to improve research culture much more difficult. Those experiencing both material and epistemic precarity in health research systems need to be at the heart of efforts to combat both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stan Constantina Papoulias
- Service User Research Enterprise, Health Service & Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
| | - Felicity Callard
- Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
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Tinkler L. Multi-professional perceptions of clinical research delivery and the Clinical Research Nurse role: a realist review. J Res Nurs 2022; 27:9-29. [PMID: 35392190 PMCID: PMC8980584 DOI: 10.1177/17449871211068017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction & Background The delivery of clinical research and the Clinical Research Nurse (CRN) role is fundamental to the wider health agenda, yet both remain misunderstood outwith research teams. Methods A realist review was conducted to identify factors that influence how clinical research is perceived by healthcare professionals operating outside NHS clinical research teams. Keyword searches were undertaken across four healthcare databases including grey literature, with iterative snowball searching. Data were extracted from 42/387 sources. Coding generated 3664 extracts of text across 160 themes. Theories generated were presented as 'If-Then' statements. Results Thirteen theory statements described factors that may influence how clinical research is perceived by healthcare professionals operating outside clinical research teams across three contextual levels: • Micro: Individual characteristics/behaviours/CRN perceptions• Meso: Interpersonal relationships at the interface between CRN roles and healthcare delivery• Macro: Systemwide/infrastructural/cultural issues impacting clinical research delivery. Conclusion Factors at micro, meso and macro level contexts may influence how clinical research is perceived by healthcare professionals operating outside clinical research teams. This has the potential to affect the success of clinical research delivery. Meso level theories regarding the perceptions of healthcare professionals outwith research teams may provide insight. Empirical testing of one such theory is underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Tinkler
- Royal College of Nursing Strategic Research Alliance PhD Scholar, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Florence Nightingale Leadership Scholar 2018, NIHR 70@70 Senior Nurse Research Leader; Trust Lead for Nursing, Midwifery and AHP Research, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
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Hill G, MacArthur J. Recognising a watershed moment: opportunities for clinical research nursing and midwifery. J Res Nurs 2022; 27:3-8. [PMID: 35392211 PMCID: PMC8980574 DOI: 10.1177/17449871221084160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Hill
- Dr Gordon Hill, Assistant Head for International, School of Health & Life Sciences, Director, WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing and Public Health Education and Research, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, Scotland, UK
| | - Juliet MacArthur
- Chief Nurse Research and Development, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
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McNiven A, Boulton M, Locock L, Hinton L. Boundary spanning and identity work in the clinical research delivery workforce: a qualitative study of research nurses, midwives and allied health professionals in the National Health Service, United Kingdom. Health Res Policy Syst 2021; 19:74. [PMID: 33947400 PMCID: PMC8096156 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-021-00722-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research nurses, midwives and allied health professionals are members of an important emergent profession delivering clinical research and, in the United Kingdom, have been the focus of considerable investment by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). This paper considers the experiences of research nurses, midwives and allied health professionals in relation to professional identity work, recognizing these are coproduced alongside others that they interact with (including patients, clinical staff and other research staff). Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 45 nurses, midwives and allied health professionals in the UK about their experiences of working in research delivery. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematically coded and analysed. Results Our analysis highlights how research nurses, midwives and allied health professionals adjust to new roles, shift their professional identities and undertake identity work using uniforms, name badges and job titles as they negotiate complex identities. Conclusions Research nurses, midwives and allied health professionals experience considerable challenges as they enter and transition to a research delivery role, with implications for their sense of professional identities. A change in the work that they undertake and how they are (or perceive they are) viewed by others (including clinical non-research colleagues and patients) has implications for their sense of professional and individual identity. The tensions involved extend to their views on symbols of professional identity, such as uniforms, and as they seek to articulate and demonstrate the value of their conjoined role in research and as a healthcare professional, within the unfolding landscape of health research. We embed our study findings in the context of the newly emerging clinical research practitioner workforce, which further exacerbates and complicates the role and identity complexity for nurses, midwives and allied health professionals in research delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- A McNiven
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - M Boulton
- Department of Nursing, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - L Locock
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - L Hinton
- The Healthcare Improvement Studies Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Park HJ, Yu S. The role of clinical trial nurses: Transitioning from clinicians to clinical research coordinators. Int J Nurs Pract 2021; 28:e12943. [PMID: 33825281 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to explore the role of clinical research coordinators (CRCs) and identify the importance and performance of the role as well as the factors that affect the professional recognition of their role. METHODS A total of 102 CRCs from 10 hospitals were recruited for a survey. The Clinical Trial Nursing Questionnaire scale developed by Ehrenberger and Lillington was used to collect data for the importance-performance analysis. The importance and performance data were plotted on a two-dimensional grid, and multiple stepwise linear regression analysis was used to determine the influencing factors on the CRC role. RESULTS The influencing factors on the importance of the CRC role were frequency of protocol assessment, implementation and evaluation and professional nursing role performance. The influencing factors on performance were formal education and training in clinical research, institutional career ladder system for professional development and identification as a principal investigator in research studies. The influencing factor on the professional nursing role perception was the lower component of the 'performance of professional nursing role'. CONCLUSION Formal educational preparation, identification as a principal investigator in research studies and clear career progression are supportive factors to the professional recognition of CRC as a specialized nursing role. SUMMARY STATEMENT What is already known about this topic? Clinical trials ultimately contribute to improving public health. A clinical trial process should cover a number of tasks, such as provision of study information to patients, recruitment of patients, screening and obtainment of their consent. Clinical trial nurses affect the quality of clinical trials, but little is described about the scope and contribution of their roles in clinical trials. What is already known about this topic? This study explored the role of clinical research coordinators (CRCs) and their professional role recognition in the wake of policy changes in South Korea since 2015. Formal education, role delineation and career ladder schemes are critical factors to the career advancement of CRCs, as shown in the study results. Identifying the changes and effects of the relevant policy has implications to the South Korean context and beyond, serving as a reference for countries considering setting up CRC roles or establishing an educational system for CRCs. The implications of this paper: Formal education, role delineation and career ladder schemes are critical factors to the career advancement of CRCs. To improve the performance and professional awareness of CRCs, a government-led system and policies on formal education and career ladder are needed so that CRCs can fulfil their role in improving public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ja Park
- College of Nursing, CHA University, Pocheon-shi, South Korea
| | - Soyoung Yu
- College of Nursing, CHA University, Pocheon-shi, South Korea
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Bowers N. Championing clinical research as an integral part of the service. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 30:380-381. [PMID: 33769877 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2021.30.6.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Bowers
- Senior Cardiac Research Nurse, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, BJN Awards 2020 Cardiovascular Nurse of the Year runner-up
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Henshall C, Greenfield DM, Jarman H, Rostron H, Jones H, Barrett S. A nationwide initiative to increase nursing and midwifery research leadership: overview of year one programme development, implementation and evaluation. J Clin Nurs 2020. [PMID: 33215774 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To report on the development, implementation and evaluation of the first year of the National Institute for Health Research 70@70 Senior Nurse Research Leader Programme. BACKGROUND Internationally, there is a lack of nursing and midwifery research and policy contribution to healthcare sectors. To address this, funding was obtained for a Senior Nurse and Midwife Research Leader Programme in England. The programme aimed to increase nursing and midwifery research capacity and capability and support the development of future research leaders. DESIGN The programme had three phases: development, implementation and evaluation. The cohort study's evaluation phase consisted of a survey and qualitative written feedback. METHODS An online survey was sent to cohort members (n = 66). Quantitative survey data was analysed in Survey Monkey. Written feedback asked cohort members to summarise their activities and any challenges. Data were thematically analysed. The "Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology" reporting checklist was used. RESULTS Thirty-nine (59%) cohort members responded to the survey. Responders valued being part of a network (46%), having protected time (22%) and having workplace autonomy (13%). Challenges reported included difficulties accessing online resources (32%), lack of collaborative opportunities (17%) and organisational barriers (10%). Fifty-six (85%) cohort members submitted the written report. The main themes were "relationship and profile building", "developing capability and capacity", "developing the workforce", "patient and public involvement and engagement" and "quality improvement." CONCLUSIONS The 70@70 programme has increased the research profile of the nursing and midwifery professions at a local and national level. International healthcare systems can learn from this, by considering optimal ways to provide nurses and midwives with the tools, resources and confidence to actively contribute to research policy and practice. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The initiatives undertaken through year 1 of the programme have created a platform through which research can be incorporated into clinical practice, education and teaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Henshall
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Diana M Greenfield
- Weston Park Cancer Centre, Sheffield Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Heather Jarman
- St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Sharon Barrett
- Clinical Research Network Coordinating Centre, National Institute of Health Research, London, UK
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