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Rahman E, Webb WR, Rao P, Yu N, Garcia PE, Ioannidis S, Philipp-Dormston WG, Sayed K, Rahman Z, Mosahebi A, Carruthers JDA. Generational Exploration on Aesthetic Medicine Products: Influence of Social Media, Reviews, and Brand Identity-GEMS Bond Survey. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024:10.1007/s00266-024-04109-8. [PMID: 38839613 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-024-04109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study investigates the impact of social media reviews and brand identity on consumer preferences in the non-surgical aesthetics products across different generations. It highlights the evolving landscape of aesthetic medicine and surgery, driven by technological advancements and a cultural shift towards individual well-being. The research aims to explore the interplay between generational preferences, the influence of social media, and the role of brand identity in shaping consumer decisions. METHODS A cross-sectional study design was employed, with a sample size of > 5000 participants stratified across various generational cohorts. The study utilized an online questionnaire to capture both quantitative and qualitative insights into consumer behaviour, with statistical analysis performed to identify patterns and relationships. RESULTS Analysis of 5850 responses revealed distinct generational preferences and behaviours. Social media engagement varied significantly across generations, with younger cohorts placing a higher emphasis on online reviews. The study also found that brand identity's influence is diminishing in decision-making processes, with consumers increasingly relying on peer reviews and social media content. CONCLUSION The findings highlight a pivotal shift in the non-surgical aesthetics consumer market, emphasizing the growing importance of social media and peer reviews over traditional brand identities. Importantly, the study underscores the critical need for integrating patient safety and evidence-based practice within marketing strategies. As consumer preferences evolve towards valuing transparency and authenticity, non-surgical aesthetics providers must prioritize these elements, ensuring that their services are not only appealing but also grounded in safety and scientific validity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV "This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 ."
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Affiliation(s)
- Eqram Rahman
- Research and Innovation Hub, Innovation Aesthetics, London, WC2H 9JQ, UK.
| | | | - Parinitha Rao
- The Skin Address, Aesthetic Dermatology Practice, Bengaluru, India
| | - Nanze Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | - Karim Sayed
- Nomi Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- University of South-Eastern Norway, Drammen, Norway
| | - Zakia Rahman
- Stanford Dermatology, Stanford university School of Medicine, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Ash Mosahebi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, Hempstead, London, UK
| | - Jean D A Carruthers
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Mehra R, Ray A, Das S, Biman Kusum Chowdhury, Singh Koshal S, Hora R, Kumari A, Kaur A, Quadri SF, Deb Roy A. Enablers and barriers to rotavirus vaccine coverage in Assam, India- A qualitative study. Vaccine X 2024; 18:100479. [PMID: 38559753 PMCID: PMC10979257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Estimates suggest that 78,000 children died due to rotavirus gastroenteritis annually between 2011 and 2013 in India. The north eastern state of Assam reported 38.4% pediatric diarrheal admissions testing positive for rotavirus. Rotavirus vaccine (RVV) was introduced in Assam in 2017 following which the National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS-5) (2019) revealed low RVV coverage in Assam with wide variation between the districts. the current study was conceptualized and undertaken to capture the enablers and barriers to RVV coverage in Assam. Methods Qualitative study conducted in 5 randomly selected districts in Assam. Participants (key informants) were recruited by purposive sampling at each level of the health system including healthcare officials, service providers and caregivers based on availability. Thirty-five in-depth interviews (IDIs) and five focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted. Interviews were tape recorded and transcribed. Data was coded and analyzed using the thematic framework approach. Results Findings from the qualitative data collection were collated and analyzed under 7 identified themes. Difficult terrain, limited service provider availability and no catch-up training for new recruits were some of the barriers to RVV coverage. In contrast, Information, Education & Communication (IEC) in vernacular language, RVV safety profile, development partner support and adequate RVV supply were identified as some of the enablers of RVV coverage. Conclusion Few broad recommendations to overcome identified barriers include comprehensive inter-sectoral coordination, regular monitoring and frequent refresher training sessions. There is a need for a future study utilizing existing coverage data and larger sample size to triangulate the findings of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arindam Ray
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, New Delhi, India
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van den Bosch WB, Lv Q, Andrinopoulou ER, Pijnenburg MW, Ciet P, Janssens HM, Tiddens HA. Children with severe asthma have substantial structural airway changes on computed tomography. ERJ Open Res 2024; 10:00121-2023. [PMID: 38226065 PMCID: PMC10789264 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00121-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In adults with severe asthma (SA) bronchial wall thickening, bronchiectasis and low attenuation regions (LAR) have been described on chest computed tomography (CT) scans. The extent to which these structural abnormalities are present in children with SA is largely unknown. Our aim was to study the presence and extent of airway abnormalities on chest CT of children with SA. Methods 161 inspiratory and expiratory CT scans, either spirometer-controlled or technician-controlled, obtained in 131 children with SA (mean±SD age 11.0±3.8 years) were collected retrospectively. Inspiratory scans were analysed manually using a semi-quantitative score and automatically using LungQ (v2.1.0.1; Thirona B.V., Nijmegen, the Netherlands). LungQ segments the bronchial tree, identifies the generation for each bronchus-artery (BA) pair and measures the following BA dimensions: outer bronchial wall diameter (Bout), adjacent artery diameter (A) and bronchial wall thickness (Bwt). Bronchiectasis was defined as Bout/A ≥1.1, bronchial wall thickening as Bwt/A ≥0.14. LAR, reflecting small airways disease (SAD), was measured automatically on inspiratory and expiratory scans and manually on expiratory scans. Functional SAD was defined as FEF25-75 and/or FEF75 z-scores <-1.645. Results are shown as median and interquartile range. Results Bronchiectasis was present on 95.8% and bronchial wall thickening on all CTs using the automated method. Bronchiectasis was present on 28% and bronchial wall thickening on 88.8% of the CTs using the manual semi-quantitative analysis. The percentage of BA pairs defined as bronchiectasis was 24.62% (12.7-39.3%) and bronchial wall thickening was 41.7% (24.0-79.8%) per CT using the automated method. LAR was observed on all CTs using the automatic analysis and on 82.9% using the manual semi-quantitative analysis. Patients with LAR or functional SAD had more thickened bronchi than patients without. Conclusion Despite a large discrepancy between the automated and the manual semi-quantitative analysis, bronchiectasis and bronchial wall thickening are present on most CT scans of children with SA. SAD is related to bronchial wall thickening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wytse B. van den Bosch
- Erasmus MC – Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Paediatrics, division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Qianting Lv
- Erasmus MC – Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Paediatrics, division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eleni-Rosalina Andrinopoulou
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Biostatistics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Epidemiology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle W.H. Pijnenburg
- Erasmus MC – Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Paediatrics, division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pierluigi Ciet
- Erasmus MC – Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Paediatrics, division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Policlinico Universitario, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Hettie M. Janssens
- Erasmus MC – Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Paediatrics, division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harm A.W.M. Tiddens
- Erasmus MC – Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Paediatrics, division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Thirona BV, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Son K, Koo B, Lee W, Cho M, Lee HC, Kim KH, Jeong H, Jeon M, Kim J, Lee KB. A concept to detect a subgingival finish line using an intraoral optical coherence tomography system: A clinical report. J Prosthet Dent 2023:S0022-3913(23)00696-0. [PMID: 37957063 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
This clinical report introduces an approach for detecting the supragingival finish line by penetrating the teeth and gingival tissue using optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology. This approach was used in 3 patients who underwent tooth preparation with a subgingival finish line. Consequently, the subgingival finish line, typically challenging to discern clearly in intraoral scans, was identifiable in the OCT image.
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Affiliation(s)
- KeunBaDa Son
- Research Professor, Advanced Dental Device Development Institute, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Boncheol Koo
- Doctoral Candidate, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Weonjoon Lee
- Executive Director, Ossvis Co., Ltd., Anyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Cho
- Principal Engineer, Huvitz Co., Ltd., Anyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Chul Lee
- Principal Engineer, Huvitz Co., Ltd., Anyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Ho Kim
- Principal Engineer, Huvitz Co., Ltd., Anyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosang Jeong
- Senior Engineer, Huvitz Co., Ltd., Anyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Mansik Jeon
- Associate Professor, School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehyun Kim
- Professor, School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Bok Lee
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Bak MA, Vroonland JC, Blom MT, Damjanovic D, Willems DL, Tan HL, Corrette Ploem M. Data-driven sudden cardiac arrest research in Europe: Experts' perspectives on ethical challenges and governance strategies. Resusc Plus 2023; 15:100414. [PMID: 37363125 PMCID: PMC10285638 DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2023.100414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Observational studies using large-scale databases and biobanks help improve prevention and treatment of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) but the lack of guidance on data protection issues in this setting may harm patients' rights and the research enterprise itself. This qualitative study explored the ethical aspects of observational SCA research, as well as solutions. Methods European experts in SCA research, medical ethics and health law reflected on this topic through semi-structured interviews (N = 29) and a virtual roundtable conference (N = 18). The ESCAPE-NET project served as a discussion case. Findings were coded and thematically analysed. Results The first theme concerned the potential benefits and harms (at individual and group level) of observational data-based SCA studies and included the following sub-themes: societal value, scientific validity, data privacy, disclosure of genetic findings, stigma and discrimination, and medicalisation of sudden death. The second theme involved governance through 'privacy by design', 'privacy by policy' and associated regulation and oversight. Sub-themes were: de-identification of data, informed consent (broad and deferred), ethics review, and harmonisation. Conclusions Researchers and scientific societies should be aware that ethico-legal issues may arise during data-driven studies in SCA and other emergencies. These can be mitigated by combining technical data protection safeguards with appropriate informed consent policies and proportional ethics oversight. To ensure responsible conduct of data research in emergency medicine, we recommend the establishment of 'codes of conduct' which should be developed in interdisciplinary groups and together with patient representatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke A.R. Bak
- Department of Ethics, Law and Humanities, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marieke T. Blom
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of General Practice, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Chronic Disease & Health Behaviour, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Domagoj Damjanovic
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dick L. Willems
- Department of Ethics, Law and Humanities, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanno L. Tan
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M. Corrette Ploem
- Department of Ethics, Law and Humanities, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Teixeira da Silva JA. Mandate Proof of Institutional Review Board (IRB) Approval Upon Submission. Ann Thorac Surg 2023; 116:657. [PMID: 36898516 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2023.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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Rahman E, Philip-Dormston WG, Webb WR, Rao P, Carruthers JD, Carruthers A, Swift A, Goodman GJ, Mosahebi A, Nahai F. Developing Consensus-Based Guidelines for Case Reporting in Aesthetic Medicine: Enhancing Transparency and Standardization. Aesthet Surg J Open Forum 2023; 5:ojad076. [PMID: 37694226 PMCID: PMC10483583 DOI: 10.1093/asjof/ojad076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical case reporting plays a vital role in sharing detailed patient narratives, providing insights into rare conditions, innovative treatments, and unexpected outcomes. However, existing reporting guidelines in aesthetic medicine fail to capture the specific nuances of procedures and outcomes in this field. The authors' objectives were to develop comprehensive guidelines for Case REporting in Aesthetic Medicine (CREAM). The study employed a 3-phase consensus process, including a literature review, expert interviews, and a consensus meeting. A diverse group of 10 expert participants (plastic surgeons, dermatologists, noncore specialists, evidence-based medicine expert, and research scientist) in Phase I and 30 experienced aesthetic practitioners in Phase II contributed to the research. Statistical analysis was conducted to assess agreement levels among participants and explore associations and variations within the data. The participants represented various specialties, genders, LGBTQ+ identities, and ethnic backgrounds. The research resulted in the development of the CREAM guidelines, consisting of a 16-item checklist. The guidelines covered essential aspects of case reporting, such as patient and practice information, procedure details, clinical assessment and outcomes, adverse events, and ethical considerations. Statistical analysis indicated a high level of consensus among participants, as well as significant associations between checklist items. CREAM guidelines represent a step toward enhancing transparency and standardization in case reporting in aesthetic medicine. Adhering to these guidelines will allow authors to contribute to a robust evidence base, prioritize patient safety, and drive advancements aesthetic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eqram Rahman
- Corresponding Author: Dr Eqram Rahman, Pond Street, Hampstead NW3 2QG, UK. E-mail: ; Instagram: @Beyond_border_Aesthetics
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McKay F, Williams BJ, Prestwich G, Bansal D, Treanor D, Hallowell N. Artificial intelligence and medical research databases: ethical review by data access committees. BMC Med Ethics 2023; 24:49. [PMID: 37422629 PMCID: PMC10329342 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-023-00927-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been argued that ethics review committees-e.g., Research Ethics Committees, Institutional Review Boards, etc.- have weaknesses in reviewing big data and artificial intelligence research. For instance, they may, due to the novelty of the area, lack the relevant expertise for judging collective risks and benefits of such research, or they may exempt it from review in instances involving de-identified data. MAIN BODY Focusing on the example of medical research databases we highlight here ethical issues around de-identified data sharing which motivate the need for review where oversight by ethics committees is weak. Though some argue for ethics committee reform to overcome these weaknesses, it is unclear whether or when that will happen. Hence, we argue that ethical review can be done by data access committees, since they have de facto purview of big data and artificial intelligence projects, relevant technical expertise and governance knowledge, and already take on some functions of ethical review. That said, like ethics committees, they may have functional weaknesses in their review capabilities. To strengthen that function, data access committees must think clearly about the kinds of ethical expertise, both professional and lay, that they draw upon to support their work. CONCLUSION Data access committees can undertake ethical review of medical research databases provided they enhance that review function through professional and lay ethical expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis McKay
- Population Health Sciences Institute, University of Newcastle, NE2 4AX Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Bethany J. Williams
- National Pathology Imaging Co-operative, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, LS9 7TF UK
| | - Graham Prestwich
- Yorkshire and Humber Academic Health Science Network, Unit 1, Calder Close, Calder Park, Wakefield, WF4 3BA UK
| | - Daljeet Bansal
- National Pathology Imaging Co-operative, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, LS9 7TF UK
| | - Darren Treanor
- National Pathology Imaging Co-operative, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, LS9 7TF UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Nina Hallowell
- The Ethox Centre and the Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF UK
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Namas R, Elarabi M, Fayad F, Muhanna Ghanem AA, Al-Herz A, Hafiz W, Joshi A, Merashli M, Okais J, Uthman I, Essa KS, Omair MA. Expert Opinion Guidance on the Detection of Early Connective Tissue Diseases in Interstitial Lung Disease. Open Access Rheumatol 2023; 15:93-102. [PMID: 37273763 PMCID: PMC10237281 DOI: 10.2147/oarrr.s401709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a significant variation in symptoms and clinical presentation of connective tissue disorders (CTD) associated with interstitial lung disease (ILD) (CTD-ILD). This presents difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment of CTD-ILD. Early detection and treatment of CTD-ILD using a multidisciplinary approach have been shown to enhance patient outcomes. This exercise aims to explore clinical components to develop a screening tool for pulmonologists for early detection of CTD in ILD and to provide a framework for a multidisciplinary approach in managing CTD-ILD. This in turn will lead to early treatment of CTD-ILD in collaboration with rheumatologists. A panel of 12 leading rheumatologists from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region met virtually to select the most relevant clinical findings to aid in identifying CTD-ILD. Twelve panellists opted to investigate seven of the most common inflammatory autoimmune disorders. The panel discussed how to improve the early detection of CTD-ILD. Clinical characteristics were categorized, and a nine-item questionnaire was created. A biphasic algorithm was developed to guide early referral to a rheumatologist based on the presence of one of nine clinical features of CTD (Phase 1) or the presence of CTD-specific antibodies (Phase 2). A brief questionnaire has been developed to serve as a simple and practical screening tool for CTD-ILD detection. Additional research is needed to validate and evaluate the tool in longitudinal cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaie Namas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Elarabi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fouad Fayad
- Rheumatology Department, Hotel-Dieu de France Hospital, Lebanon and Saint Joseph University of Beirut-Beirut (Lebanon), Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Adeeba Al-Herz
- Department of Rheumatology, Amiri Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Waleed Hafiz
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abhay Joshi
- Department of Rheumatology, Burjeel Day Surgery, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mira Merashli
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jad Okais
- Rheumatology Department, Hotel-Dieu de France Hospital, Lebanon and Saint Joseph University of Beirut-Beirut (Lebanon), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Imad Uthman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Holloway SE, Smith SL, Chudleigh T. Clinical audit in obstetric ultrasound—Implementation of an obstetric audit in the
National Health Service
—A case example. SONOGRAPHY 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/sono.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sally Elizabeth Holloway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Cambridge University NHS Foundation Trust (Addenbrookes Hospital) Cambridge USA
| | | | - Trish Chudleigh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Cambridge University NHS Foundation Trust (Addenbrookes Hospital) Cambridge USA
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Wismer P, Soares SA, Einarson KA, Sommer MOA. Laboratory performance prediction using virtual reality behaviometrics. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279320. [PMID: 36534685 PMCID: PMC9762586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we show that virtual reality (VR) behaviometrics can be used for the assessment of compliance and physical laboratory skills. Drawing on approaches from machine learning and classical statistics, significant behavioral predictors were deduced from a logistic regression model that classified students and biopharma company employees as experts or novices on pH meter handling with 77% accuracy. Specifically, the game score and number of interactions in VR tasks requiring practical skills were found to be performance predictors. The study provides biopharma companies and academic institutions the possibility of assessing performance using an automatic, reliable, and simple alternative to traditional in-person assessment methods. Integrating the assessment into the training tool renders such laborious post-training assessments unnecessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Wismer
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sarah Aparecida Soares
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kasper Alnor Einarson
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Morten Otto Alexander Sommer
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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Althouse GC. Biological and chemical contaminants in extended porcine semen: Outcomes and diagnosis. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 247:107086. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.107086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Schutte T, Wouters A. The Importance of Context and Organization of Ethical Review in Health Professions Education Research. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2022; 97:1729-1730. [PMID: 36449909 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000004982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Schutte
- Resident, internal medicine, and fellow, medical oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and resident-member, Health Professions Education Research Ethical Review Board, the Netherlands Association for Medical Education, Utrecht, The Netherlands; ; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4096-0917
| | - Anouk Wouters
- Assistant professor, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and member, Health Professions Education Research Ethical Review Board, the Netherlands Association for Medical Education, Utrecht, The Netherlands; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6806-7573
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Southerland LT, Benson KK, Schoeffler AJ, Lashutka MA, Borson S, Bischof JJ. Inclusion of older adults and reporting of consent processes in randomized controlled trials in the emergency department: A scoping review. J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open 2022; 3:e12774. [PMID: 35919513 PMCID: PMC9337842 DOI: 10.1002/emp2.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Conducting research in the emergency department (ED) is often complicated by patients' acute and chronic illnesses, which can adversely affect cognition and subsequently capacity to consent for research, especially in older adults. Validated screening tools to assess capacity to consent for research exist, but neither the frequency of use nor which ones are used for ED research are known. Methods We conducted a scoping review using standard review techniques. Inclusion criteria included (1) randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from publication years 2014-2019 that (2) enrolled participants only in the ED, (3) included patients aged 65+ years, and (4) were fully published in English. Articles were sourced from Embase and screened using Covidence. Results From 3130 search results, 269 studies passed title/abstract and full text screening. Average of the mean or median ages was 55.7 years (SD 14.2). The mean number of study participants was 311.9 [range 8-10,807 participants]. A few (n = 13, 4.8%) waived or had exception from informed consent. Of the 256 studies requiring consent, a fourth (26.5%, n = 68) specifically excluded patients due to impaired capacity to consent. Only 11 (4.3%) documented a formal capacity screening tool and only 13 (5.1%) reported consent by legally authorized representative (LAR). Conclusions Most RCTs enrolling older adults in EDs did not report assessment of capacity to consent or use of LARs. This snapshot of informed consent procedures is potentially concerning and suggests that either research consent processes for older patients and/or reporting of consent processes require improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren T Southerland
- Department of Emergency MedicineThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA
| | | | | | - Margaret A. Lashutka
- Department of Emergency MedicineThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Soo Borson
- Department of Family MedicineKeck School of Medicine University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jason J. Bischof
- Department of Emergency MedicineThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA
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15
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Milosavljevic M, Hewitt L, Fish J, Cuenca J, Ashford B. How to streamline the low and negligible research ethics and governance review process from 80 to 10 days: submission to decision. Intern Med J 2022; 52:853-858. [PMID: 35538005 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Most clinicians find research ethics and governance difficult and time consuming. This study aimed to develop a better local review process for low-risk research. We used real-time processing, leveraged local expertise and streamlined paperwork. As a result, turnaround times decreased from more than 80 days to 10 days, creating an efficient review process for low-risk projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Milosavljevic
- Research Office, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lyndel Hewitt
- Research Office, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janaye Fish
- Research Office, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jose Cuenca
- Research Office, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bruce Ashford
- Research Office, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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16
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Christian K, Johnstone C, Larkins JA, Wright W. Seeking Approval from Universities to Research the Views of Their Staff. Do Gatekeepers Provide a Barrier to Ethical Research? J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2022; 17:317-328. [PMID: 34985351 DOI: 10.1177/15562646211068316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A "gatekeeper" controls access to an organization; "gatekeeper approval" is often needed before external research can take place within an organization. We explore the need for gatekeeper approval for research with university staff employing, as a case study, a project which collected data in Australia. This case study addresses known issues, seemingly rarely addressed in the literature. The Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC)'s requirement for approval from individual universities to approach their staff brought significant consequences, exacerbated by the lack of university procedures for such approvals. Simultaneously, since invitations could legitimately be distributed via other avenues, such approval was superfluous. We recommend the HREC's blanket requirement for institutional approval instead be considered on a case-by-case basis depending on the risk of the research, and perhaps waived for low-risk research where participants are able to provide informed consent, and that universities establish processes to deal with requests from external researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Christian
- School of Arts, 1458Federation University Australia, Mt Helen Campus, Ballarat, Victoria
| | - Carolyn Johnstone
- School of Arts, 1458Federation University Australia, Mt Helen Campus, Ballarat, Victoria
| | - Jo-Ann Larkins
- School of Engineering, Information Technology and Physical Sciences, 1458Federation University Australia, 72534Gippsland Campus, Churchill, Victoria
| | - Wendy Wright
- School of Science, Psychology and Sport, 1458Federation University Australia, Gippsland Campus, Churchill, Victoria
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17
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Sharpe D, Ziemer J. Psychology, ethics, and research ethics boards. ETHICS & BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2021.2023019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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18
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Hosen M, Uddin MN, Hossain S, Islam MA, Ahmad A. The impact of COVID-19 on tertiary educational institutions and students in Bangladesh. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08806. [PMID: 35083378 PMCID: PMC8776340 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 forced to transform face-to-face mode of teaching to virtual in educational institutions around the globe that not only impact institutional stakeholders, but also posed as a threat to entire humanity because, all parties related to education had to change their activities. The intentions of this study therefore firstly, to determine the content analysis by interviewing tertiary students and secondly, to determine the frequency distribution by questionnaire developed from results of the content analysis. To better understand the consequences of this outbreak, we took an interview from forty respondents, including undergraduate and postgraduate students across Bangladesh. Results of Content analysis revealed that stakeholders of tertiary education are encountering severe problems in mental health, financial, technical, and study. A questionnaire was designed based on results were obtained through content analysis and distributed using email, WhatsApp, LinkedIn, Telegram, Facebook, and Instagram from May 20 to May 30, 2021. A total number of 505 valid questionnaires were received from respondents. Frequency distribution analysis disclosed that 60% respondents have no separate reading rooms. Laptops and desktops are commonly used for online classes, but unfortunately, 21% respondents have no personal electronic gadgets. Moreover, 55% reported spending less time to study during the coronavirus outbreak. Furthermore, 88% respondents reported experiencing mental health-related stress, anxiety, and depression problems. The proportion that suffered financial crisis, family disruptions, internet and technology related problems were 79%, 83% and 72% respectively. Since coronavirus pandemic is a totally new phenomenon in the world, not much empirical literature exist. So we fill the gap, investigating the issue empirically using content and frequency distribution analysis. Policy implications and recommendations are discussed accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosharrof Hosen
- Department of Business Administration, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Nazim Uddin
- Department of Business Administration, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Afzal Ahmad
- Department of Business Administration, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh
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19
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Glasziou P, Scott AM, Chalmers I, Kolstoe SE, Davies HT. Improving research ethics review and governance can improve human health. J R Soc Med 2021; 114:556-562. [PMID: 34761994 DOI: 10.1177/01410768211051711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Glasziou
- Institute for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4229, Australia
| | - Anna Mae Scott
- Institute for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4229, Australia
| | - Iain Chalmers
- Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Department of Primary Care, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Simon E Kolstoe
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2UP, UK
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20
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van den Bosch WB, Kloosterman SF, Andrinopoulou ER, Greidanus R, Pijnenburg MWH, Tiddens HAWM, Janssens HM. Small airways targeted treatment with smart nebulizer technology could improve severe asthma in children: a retrospective analysis. J Asthma 2021; 59:2223-2233. [PMID: 34699298 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2021.1996597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Conventional inhaler devices have a low efficacy in targeting small airways. Smart nebulizers can be used to increase deposition to small airways by adjusting the flow and depth of each inhalation based on patients 'individual inspiratory capacity. We investigated whether targeting of high dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) to small airways with a smart nebulizer could reduce exacerbation rate in children with severe asthma (SA). METHODS We conducted a retrospective study in children with SA using a smart nebulizer (Akita® Jet nebulizer) for the administration of high dose ICS in our outpatient clinic at the Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital. Clinical data before and after start of treatment were collected. The primary outcome was exacerbation rate, defined as: number of asthma exacerbations for which oral corticosteroid courses (OCS) were prescribed. The exacerbation rate 1 year before treatment was compared with the exacerbation rate 1 year after start of treatment. Secondary outcomes were changes in spirometry parameters, hospital admissions and medication use. RESULTS Data on OCS use was available for 28/31 patients. Median number of asthma exacerbations requiring OCS courses 1 year before decreased from 2 (interquartile range(IQR) 2) to 0.5 (IQR 3) 1 year after treatment (p = 0.021). Hospital admission decreased from 1 (IQR 3) to 0 (IQR 1)(p = 0.028). FEV1, FEF25-75 and FEF75 were not significantly improved after one year of treatment with the smart nebulizer (p = 0.191; p = 0.248; p = 0.572). CONCLUSION Targeting small airways with high dose ICS using a smart nebulizer resulted in a significant reduction in exacerbations requiring OCS after one year of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wytse B van den Bosch
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne F Kloosterman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rients Greidanus
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle W H Pijnenburg
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harm A W M Tiddens
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hettie M Janssens
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Chalmers I, Glasziou P. Protecting the public from the adverse effects of confused research ethics. J R Soc Med 2021; 114:507-512. [PMID: 34698579 DOI: 10.1177/01410768211051720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iain Chalmers
- Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Department of Primary Care, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Paul Glasziou
- Institute for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast QLD 4229, Australia
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22
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Scott AM, Bryant EA, Byrne JA, Taylor N, Barnett AG. "No Country Bureaucratised its way to Excellence": A Content Analysis of Comments on a Petition to Streamline Australian Research Ethics and Governance Processes. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2021; 17:102-113. [PMID: 34636706 DOI: 10.1177/15562646211048268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We created a petition for a national inquiry into the Australian system of research ethics and governance, to inform the politicians about the problems with the existing system. We analyzed the reasons that signatories offered for why signing the petition was important to them. A total of 409 comments (by 805 signatories) focused on five major themes: (1) views on previous changes to the system of research ethics and governance; (2) drawbacks of the existing system; (3) suggested changes to the system; (4) anticipated impacts of changing the system; and (5) miscellaneous/other comments. Comments ranged from several words to over 400 words in length, and most often focused on the procedural aspects, and commented on theme 2: drawbacks of the existing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Scott
- Institute for Evidence-Based Healthcare, 3555Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - E Ann Bryant
- Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, 3555Bond University, Robina, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Byrne
- NSW Health Statewide Biobank, NSW Health Pathology, 4334The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, 4334The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Natalie Taylor
- Daffodil Centre, 4334The University of Sydney, a Joint Venture With Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adrian G Barnett
- Faculty of Health, 1969Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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23
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Morrow A, Chan P, Tiernan G, Steinberg J, Debono D, Wolfenden L, Tucker KM, Hogden E, Taylor N. Building capacity from within: qualitative evaluation of a training program aimed at upskilling healthcare workers in delivering an evidence-based implementation approach. Transl Behav Med 2021; 12:6320108. [PMID: 34255088 PMCID: PMC8765000 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibab094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Translating evidence into complex health systems is an ongoing challenge. Building the capacity of healthcare workers in behavioral and implementation science methods may facilitate the use of evidence-based implementation approaches, leading to sustainable and effective translation. The aim was to describe the development, contents and evaluation of a training workshop aimed at upskilling hospital-embedded staff to deliver an evidence-based implementation approach. The Hide and Seek Project (HaSP) is a cluster randomized controlled trial testing two implementation approaches for improving hereditary cancer referral at eight Australian hospitals. Healthcare workers were recruited as “Implementation Leads” and trained via a one-day workshop—TRAining in evideNce-baSed ImpLementATion for hEalth (TRANSLATE). The purpose of TRANSLATE was to upskill Implementation Leads in the delivery of HaSP, as well as implementation science methods more broadly. Implementation Leads participated in semi-structured evaluation interviews, which were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Nine Implementation Leads from various professional backgrounds completed the training. Four key themes were identified: (i) training day reactions, (ii) learning, (iii) implementation barriers and facilitators, and (iv) building health system capacity for implementation. Participants reported high levels of satisfaction, and anticipated that the knowledge and skills may be useful in the future. We describe a novel training program focused on the delivery of evidence-based implementation within health systems. Guided by insights from this study, methods to deliver the training on a larger scale and across different contexts are being explored. The prolonged impact of TRANSLATE will be further evaluated at trial completion. Trial registration: ANZCTR, ACTRN12618001072202. Registered on June 27, 2018
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Affiliation(s)
- April Morrow
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown New South Wales, Australia
| | - Priscilla Chan
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gabriella Tiernan
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julia Steinberg
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown New South Wales, Australia
| | - Deborah Debono
- Centre for Health Services Management, School of Public Health, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katherine M Tucker
- Hereditary Cancer Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, New South Wales, Australia.,Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emily Hogden
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natalie Taylor
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown New South Wales, Australia
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24
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Molebatsi K, Musindo O, Ntlantsana V, Wambua GN. Mental Health and Psychosocial Support During COVID-19: A Review of Health Guidelines in Sub-Saharan Africa. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:571342. [PMID: 34093251 PMCID: PMC8172960 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.571342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic brought in its wake an unforeseen mental health crisis. The World Health Organization published a guideline as a way of supporting mental health and psychosocial well-being of different groups during this pandemic. The impact of the pandemic has pushed governments to put measures in place to curb not only the physical health of individuals but their mental health and psychosocial well-being as well. The aim of our paper was to review mental health guidelines of some Sub Saharan African (SSA) countries: (i) to assess their appropriateness for the immediate mental health needs at this time, (ii) to form as a basis for ongoing reflection as the current pandemic evolves. Guidelines were retrieved openly from internet search and some were requested from mental health practitioners in various SSA countries. The authors designed a semi structured questionnaire, as a self-interview guide to gain insight on the experience of COVID-19 from experts in the mental health sector in the various countries. While we used a document analysis approach to analyze the data, we made use of the Mental Health Preparedness and Action Framework to discuss our findings. We received health or mental health guidelines from 10 SSA countries. Cameroon, Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda all had mental health guidelines or mental health component in their health guidelines. Our experts highlight that the mental health needs of the people are of concern during this pandemic but have not been given priority. They go further to suggest that the mental health needs are slightly different during this time and requiring a different approach especially considering the measures taken to curb the spread of disease. We conclude that despite the provision of Mental Health and Psychosocial Support guidelines, gaps still exist making them inadequate to meet the mental health needs of their communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keneilwe Molebatsi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Psychiatry, Nelson Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Otsetswe Musindo
- Selibe Phikwe Government Hospital, Ministry of Health and Wellness, Selibe Phikwe, Botswana
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Vuyokazi Ntlantsana
- Department of Psychiatry, Nelson Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Grace Nduku Wambua
- Department of Psychiatry, Nelson Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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25
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Brandenburg C, Thorning S, Ruthenberg C. What are the most common reasons for return of ethics submissions? An audit of an Australian health service ethics committee. RESEARCH ETHICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1747016121999935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
One of the key criticisms of the ethical review process is the time taken to decision, and associated resource use. A key source of delay is that most submissions are required to respond to at least one request for further information or clarification from the Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC). This study audited the request letters of a single Australian public health HREC using content analysis. Twenty-four submissions were analysed, including 355 individual request elements. Most submissions received a single request letter. There was a mean number of 14.2 (SD = 5.5) elements per letter for the first request and a mean of 2.1 (SD = 1.2) for subsequent requests. Administrative errors were the most common source of request for further information, occurring in all submissions. The second most common theme was the content of the Participant Information and Consent Form, occurring in 79% of submissions. Other common themes, present in over 50% of submissions, concerned: data collection and study procedures; general ethical considerations; recruitment and consent; site, setting or patient pool; research design and methodology; and data management and security. In terms of the general purpose of the HREC comments, 44% were direct corrections or specific requests for changes, 42% were asking for more information or clarification of existing information, and 14% were the HREC expressing concerns about an element of the study, without directly suggesting a change. Overall, the study provides some evidence to show that the quality of the submission (ensuring correct attachments, up to date documents, clear information etc.) could account for a significant proportion of the burden and delay associated with ethical review.
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26
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Scott AM, Chalmers I, Barnett A, Stephens A, Kolstoe SE, Clark J, Glasziou P. 'The ethics approval took 20 months on a trial which was meant to help terminally ill cancer patients. In the end we had to send the funding back': a survey of views on human research ethics reviews. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS 2021; 47:medethics-2020-106785. [PMID: 33431648 DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2020-106785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We conducted a survey to identify what types of health/medical research could be exempt from research ethics reviews in Australia. METHODS We surveyed Australian health/medical researchers and Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) members. The survey asked whether respondents had previously changed or abandoned a project anticipating difficulties obtaining ethics approval, and presented eight research scenarios, asking whether these scenarios should or should not be exempt from ethics review, and to provide (optional) comments. Qualitative data were analysed thematically; quantitative data in R. RESULTS We received 514 responses. Forty-three per cent of respondents to whom the question applied, reported changing projects in anticipation of obstacles from the ethics review process; 25% reported abandoning projects for this reason. Research scenarios asking professional staff to provide views in their area of expertise were most commonly exempted from ethics review (to prioritise systematic review topics 84%, on software strengths/weaknesses 85%); scenarios involving surplus samples (82%) and N-of-1 (single case) studies (76%) were most commonly required to undergo ethics review. HREC members were 26% more likely than researchers to require ethics review. Need for independent oversight, and low risk, were most frequently cited in support of decisions to require or exempt from ethics review, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Considerable differences exist between researchers and HREC members, about when to exempt from review the research that ultimately serves the interests of patients and the public. It is widely accepted that evaluative research should be used to reduce clinical uncertainties-the same principle should apply to ethics reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mae Scott
- Institute for Evidence Based Healthcare, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Adrian Barnett
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Simon E Kolstoe
- Institute of Biomedical and Bimolecular Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Hampshire, UK
| | - Justin Clark
- Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Practice (CREBP), Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul Glasziou
- Institute for Evidence Based Healthcare, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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27
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Leonhard SE, Cornblath DR, Endtz HP, Sejvar JJ, Jacobs BC. Guillain-Barré syndrome in times of pandemics. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020; 91:1027-1029. [PMID: 32732383 PMCID: PMC7509514 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-324230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hubert P Endtz
- Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Fondation Mérieux, Lyon, France
| | - James J Sejvar
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bart C Jacobs
- Neurology and Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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28
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Hanney SR, Kanya L, Pokhrel S, Jones TH, Boaz A. How to strengthen a health research system: WHO's review, whose literature and who is providing leadership? Health Res Policy Syst 2020; 18:72. [PMID: 32571364 PMCID: PMC7308111 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-020-00581-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health research is important for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. However, there are many challenges facing health research, including securing sufficient funds, building capacity, producing research findings and using both local and global evidence, and avoiding waste. A WHO initiative addressed these challenges by developing a conceptual framework with four functions to guide the development of national health research systems. Despite some progress, more is needed before health research systems can meet their full potential of improving health systems. The WHO Regional Office for Europe commissioned an evidence synthesis of the systems-level literature. This Opinion piece considers its findings before reflecting on the vast additional literature available on the range of specific health research system functions related to the various challenges. Finally, it considers who should lead research system strengthening. MAIN TEXT The evidence synthesis identifies two main approaches for strengthening national health research systems, namely implementing comprehensive and coherent strategies and participation in partnerships. The literature describing these approaches at the systems level also provides data on ways to strengthen each of the four functions of governance, securing financing, capacity-building, and production and use of research. Countries effectively implementing strategies include England, Ireland and Rwanda, whereas West Africa experienced effective partnerships. Recommended policy approaches for system strengthening are context specific. The vast literature on each function and the ever-growing evidence-base are illustrated by considering papers in just one key journal, Health Research Policy and Systems, and analysing the contribution of two national studies. A review of the functions of the Iranian system identifies over 200 relevant and mostly national records; an analysis of the creation of the English National Institute for Health Research describes the key leadership role played by the health department. Furthermore, WHO is playing leadership roles in helping coordinate partnerships within and across health research systems that have been attempting to tackle the COVID-19 crisis. CONCLUSIONS The evidence synthesis provides a firm basis for decision-making by policy-makers and research leaders looking to strengthen national health research systems within their own national context. It identifies five crucial policy approaches - conducting situation analysis, sustaining a comprehensive strategy, engaging stakeholders, evaluating impacts on health systems, and partnership participation. The vast and ever-growing additional literature could provide further perspectives, including on crucial leadership roles for health ministries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R. Hanney
- Health Economics Research Group, Institute of Health, Environment and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Kanya
- Health Economics Research Group, Institute of Health, Environment and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH United Kingdom
- Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - Subhash Pokhrel
- Health Economics Research Group, Institute of Health, Environment and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH United Kingdom
| | - Teresa H. Jones
- Health Economics Research Group, Institute of Health, Environment and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH United Kingdom
| | - Annette Boaz
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, a partnership between Kingston University and St George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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