1
|
Oxman E, Li H, Wang HY, Zohn IE. Identification and functional analysis of rare HECTD1 missense variants in human neural tube defects. Hum Genet 2024; 143:263-277. [PMID: 38451291 PMCID: PMC11043113 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-024-02647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are severe malformations of the central nervous system that arise from failure of neural tube closure. HECTD1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase required for cranial neural tube closure in mouse models. NTDs in the Hectd1 mutant mouse model are due to the failure of cranial mesenchyme morphogenesis during neural fold elevation. Our earlier research has linked increased extracellular heat shock protein 90 (eHSP90) secretion to aberrant cranial mesenchyme morphogenesis in the Hectd1 model. Furthermore, overexpression of HECTD1 suppresses stress-induced eHSP90 secretion in cell lines. In this study, we report the identification of five rare HECTD1 missense sequence variants in NTD cases. The variants were found through targeted next-generation sequencing in a Chinese cohort of 352 NTD cases and 224 ethnically matched controls. We present data showing that HECTD1 is a highly conserved gene, extremely intolerant to loss-of-function mutations and missense changes. To evaluate the functional consequences of NTD-associated missense variants, functional assays in HEK293T cells were performed to examine protein expression and the ability of HECTD1 sequence variants to suppress eHSP90 secretion. One NTD-associated variant (A1084T) had significantly reduced expression in HEK293T cells. All five NTD-associated variants (p.M392V, p.T801I, p.I906V, p.A1084T, and p.P1835L) reduced regulation of eHSP90 secretion by HECTD1, while a putative benign variant (p.P2474L) did not. These findings are the first association of HECTD1 sequence variation with NTDs in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elias Oxman
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Research and Innovation Campus, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20012, USA
| | - Huili Li
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Hong-Yan Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, State Key Laboratory of Genetic, Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Irene E Zohn
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Research and Innovation Campus, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20012, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Salas J, Garcia A, Zora V, Dornbush S, Mousa-Ibrahim F, Fogg H, Gromley Z, Gromley A. Centriolin interacts with HectD1 in a cell cycle dependent manner. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:375. [PMID: 38115153 PMCID: PMC10731774 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06670-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The centrosome is universally recognized as the microtubule organizing center of animal cells, but emerging evidence suggests that it has other important functions including primary cilia formation, DNA damage checkpoints, and cell cycle progression. Despite this, the role of individual components of the centrosome remains unclear. Previous studies suggest that one component, centriolin, has an important function in cytokinesis and cell cycle progression, although its exact role in these processes is not known. To determine how centriolin influences the progression through the cell cycle, we sought to identify interacting partners that may be involved in regulating its function. RESULTS This study provides evidence that the ubiquitin E3 ligase HectD1 binds to centriolin and that this association likely accounts for our observation that HectD1 co-localizes with centriolin at the centrosome during mitosis. In addition to its centrosomal localization, we also show that the expression of HectD1 fluctuates throughout the cell cycle, with the highest levels during mitosis, coinciding with a marked reduction in centriolin expression. We propose that the interaction between HectD1 and centriolin may be necessary for normal cell cycle progression and we speculate that this function may involve HectD1-mediated degradation of centriolin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Salas
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN, USA
| | - Alexander Garcia
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN, USA
| | - Vancy Zora
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN, USA
| | - Sean Dornbush
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN, USA
| | - Fady Mousa-Ibrahim
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN, USA
| | - Hanna Fogg
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN, USA
| | - Zeynep Gromley
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN, USA
| | - Adam Gromley
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xie R, Chen W, Lv Y, Xu D, Huang D, Zhou T, Zhang S, Xiong C, Yu J. Overexpressed ZC3H13 suppresses papillary thyroid carcinoma growth through m6A modification-mediated IQGAP1 degradation. J Formos Med Assoc 2023:S0929-6646(22)00477-6. [PMID: 36739231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of ZC3H13 on the growth of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). METHODS Firstly, we used qRT-PCR and Western blot to compare the difference in the expression of ZC3H13 between normal thyroid epithelial cells and PTC cell lines. Then, ZC3H13 overexpression/knockout thyroid cancer cells were constructed by lentivirus transfection, and the effects of overexpression of ZC3H13 on the proliferation, migration and invasion of PTC cells were detected by CCK8 and transwell experiments. Lastly, MeRIP-qPCR, RIP and o Actinomycin D were used to verify that ZC3H13 regulated the expression of downstream target gene IQGAP1 through m6A modification. RESULTS ZC3H13 expression was decreased in PTC cell lines BCPAP, KTC-1, k1, HTH83, and TPC-1. Proliferation, invasion, and migration of PTC cells were inhibited by overexpressed ZC3H13 but increased by knockdown of ZC3H13. IQGAP1 expression was suppressed by ZC3H13 overexpression but enhanced by ZC3H13 knockdown. In ZC3H13-overexpressed PTC cells, the m6A level of IQGAP1 mRNA was increased, and the IQGAP1 mRNA expression was decreased with the increasing time of Actinomycin D treatment. YTHDF2 enriched more IQGAP1 mRNA than IgG and knockdown of YTHDF2 reversed the effect of ZC3H13 overexpression on IQGAP1 mRNA stability. The xenograft tumor experiment in nude mice confirmed that the overexpression of ZC3H13 inhibited tumor growth, while overexpression of IQGAP1 could reverse the inhibitory effect of ZC3H13 overexpression on tumor growth. CONCLUSION ZC3H13 mediates IQGAP1 mRNA degradation by promoting m6A modification of IQGAP1 mRNA, this provides a prospective therapeutic target for PTC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xie
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Hongjiaozhou Branch of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue, Honggutan District, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wanzhi Chen
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Hongjiaozhou Branch of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue, Honggutan District, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yunxia Lv
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Hongjiaozhou Branch of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue, Honggutan District, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Debin Xu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Hongjiaozhou Branch of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue, Honggutan District, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Da Huang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Hongjiaozhou Branch of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue, Honggutan District, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Hongjiaozhou Branch of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue, Honggutan District, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuyong Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Hongjiaozhou Branch of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue, Honggutan District, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chengfeng Xiong
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Hongjiaozhou Branch of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue, Honggutan District, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jichun Yu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Hongjiaozhou Branch of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue, Honggutan District, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhuang JH, Chen HX, Gao N, Sun RD, Xiao CY, Zeng DH, Yu ZT, Peng J, Xia Y. CircUCK2 regulates HECTD1-mediated endothelial-mesenchymal transition inhibition by interacting with FUS and protects the blood-brain barrier in ischemic stroke. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2023; 39:40-51. [PMID: 36326248 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) has become a cerebrovascular disease of widespread concern. Overexpression of circUCK2 alleviates neuronal damage in IS. However, the specific regulatory mechanisms of circUCK2 are not fully understood. In this study, we found that circUCK2 and HECT domain E3 ubiquitin ligase 1 (HECTD1) were downregulated in IS models in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of circUCK2 or HECTD1 inhibited endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) and protected the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion mice from damage. It was further discovered that circUCK2 regulated HECTD1 expressions by interacting with fused in sarcoma (FUS). Moreover, FUS overexpression partially restored the effect of circUCK2 on EndoMT, and overexpression of HECTD1 weakened the effect of FUS on EndoMT. Collectively, circUCK2 upregulates the expression of HECTD1 by combining with FUS and inhibits EndoMT to alleviate BBB damage in IS both in vivo and in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hong Zhuang
- Department of Neurology, Haikou Affiliated Hospital of Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Huan-Xiong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haikou Affiliated Hospital of Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Ning Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haikou Affiliated Hospital of Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Rong-Dao Sun
- Department of Neurology, Haikou Affiliated Hospital of Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Cheng-Ye Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Haikou Affiliated Hospital of Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - De-Hua Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Haikou Affiliated Hospital of Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Zheng-Tao Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haikou Affiliated Hospital of Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haikou Affiliated Hospital of Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haikou Affiliated Hospital of Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
The explorations of dynamic interactions of paxillin at the focal adhesions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2022; 1870:140825. [PMID: 35926716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2022.140825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Paxillin is one of the most important adapters in integrin-mediated adhesions that performs numerous crucial functions relying on its dynamic interactions. Its structural behavior serves different purposes, providing a base for several activities. The various domains of paxillin display different functions in the whole process of cell movements and have a significant role in cell adhesion, migration, signal transmission, and protein-protein interactions. On the other hand, some paxillin-associated proteins provide a unique spatiotemporal mechanism for regulating its dynamic characteristics in the tissue homeostasis and make it a more complex and decisive protein at the focal adhesions. This review briefly describes the structural adaptations and molecular mechanisms of recruitment of paxillin into adhesions, explains paxillin's binding dynamics and impact on adhesion stability and turnover, and reveals a variety of paxillin-associated regulatory mechanisms and how paxillin is embedded into the signaling networks.
Collapse
|
6
|
The E3 ubiquitin ligase HECTD1 contributes to cell proliferation through an effect on mitosis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13160. [PMID: 35915203 PMCID: PMC9343455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16965-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle is tightly regulated by protein phosphorylation and ubiquitylation events. During mitosis, the multi-subunit cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase APC/c functions as a molecular switch which signals for one cell to divide into two daughter cells, through the ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of mitotic cyclins. The contributions of other E3 ligase families during cell cycle progression remain less well understood. Similarly, the roles of ubiquitin chain types beyond homotypic K48 chains in S-phase or branched K11/K48 chains during mitosis, also remain to be fully determined. Our recent findings that HECTD1 ubiquitin ligase activity assembles branched K29/K48 ubiquitin linkages prompted us to evaluate HECTD1 function during the cell cycle. We used transient knockdown and genetic knockout to show that HECTD1 depletion in HEK293T and HeLa cells decreases cell number and we established that this is mediated through loss of ubiquitin ligase activity. Interestingly, we found that HECTD1 depletion increases the proportion of cells with aligned chromosomes (Prometa/Metaphase) and we confirmed this molecularly using phospho-Histone H3 (Ser28) as a marker of mitosis. Time-lapse microscopy of NEBD to anaphase onset established that HECTD1-depleted cells take on average longer to go through mitosis. In line with this data, HECTD1 depletion reduced the activity of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint, and BUB3, a component of the Mitosis Checkpoint Complex, was identified as novel HECTD1 interactor. BUB3, BUBR1 or MAD2 protein levels remained unchanged in HECTD1-depleted cells. Overall, this study reveals a novel putative role for HECTD1 during mitosis and warrants further work to elucidate the mechanisms involved.
Collapse
|
7
|
Frey Y, Franz-Wachtel M, Macek B, Olayioye MA. Proteasomal turnover of the RhoGAP tumor suppressor DLC1 is regulated by HECTD1 and USP7. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5036. [PMID: 35322810 PMCID: PMC8943137 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08844-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rho GTPase activating protein Deleted in Liver Cancer 1 (DLC1) is frequently downregulated through genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in various malignancies, leading to aberrant Rho GTPase signaling and thus facilitating cancer progression. Here we show that in breast cancer cells, dysregulation of DLC1 expression occurs at the protein level through rapid degradation via the ubiquitin–proteasome system. Using mass spectrometry, we identify two novel DLC1 interaction partners, the ubiquitin-ligase HECTD1 and the deubiquitinating enzyme ubiquitin-specific-processing protease 7 (USP7). While DLC1 protein expression was rapidly downregulated upon pharmacological inhibition of USP7, siRNA-mediated knockdown of HECTD1 increased DLC1 protein levels and impaired its degradation. Immunofluorescence microscopy analyses revealed that the modulation of HECTD1 levels and USP7 activity altered DLC1 abundance at focal adhesions, its primary site of action. Thus, we propose opposing regulatory mechanisms of DLC1 protein homeostasis by USP7 and HECTD1, which could open up strategies to counteract downregulation and restore DLC1 expression in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Frey
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mirita Franz-Wachtel
- Proteome Center Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Boris Macek
- Proteome Center Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Monilola A Olayioye
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany. .,Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology (SRCSB), University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zeng X, Dong X, Xiao Q, Yao J. Vitamin C Inhibits Ubiquitination of Glutamate Transporter 1 (GLT-1) in Astrocytes by Downregulating HECTD1. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:676-687. [PMID: 35148069 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Excitatory neurotoxicity caused by the accumulation of glutamate in the synaptic cleft is an important cause of Parkinson's disease (PD). Astrocyte glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) is the main transporter responsible for transporting glutamate, and investigations toward the regulation of GLT-1 in astrocytes can reveal important insights. Vitamin C (VC) has important protective effects on the brain, but its effect on the regulation of GLT-1 expression is unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore any regulatory effect of VC on GLT-1 expression in astrocytes and to clarify the possible mechanism of such regulation. We found that GLT-1 expression was impaired in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide (MPP+)-treated astrocytes, and the transport capacity for glutamate was significantly reduced. Pretreatment with VC restored the GLT-1 expression in the MPP+-treated astrocytes. Intraperitoneal VC administration in a PD murine model confirmed that GLT-1 expression was restored in midbrain tissue. The VC-dependent rescue of GLT-1 expression in the MPP+-treated astrocytes was shown to be due to inhibition of GLT-1 ubiquitination. Transcriptome sequence analysis revealed a number of differentially expressed genes as a result of VC treatment on MPP+-treated astrocytes, including the downregulation of HECT Domain E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (Hectd1). After knocking down Hectd1, the impaired GLT-1 expression caused by MPP+ was alleviated, while overexpression of Hectd1 significantly reduced the expression of GLT-1. After overexpression of Hectd1, VC could no longer increase GLT-1 expression of MPP+-treated astrocytes, indicating that HECTD1 is essential for VC regulation of GLT-1. Thus, VC reduces the ubiquitination of GLT-1 in astrocytes by inhibiting the expression of HECTD1. Our findings have identified a novel mechanism by which VC regulates the expression of GLT-1 in astrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Zeng
- Central Laboratory, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, 528300 Guangdong, China
| | - Xinhuai Dong
- Central Laboratory, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, 528300 Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, 528300 Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Yao
- Central Laboratory, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, 528300 Guangdong, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde, Foshan), Foshan, 528300 Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Involvement of HECTD1 in LPS-induced astrocyte activation via σ-1R-JNK/p38-FOXJ2 axis. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:62. [PMID: 33781347 PMCID: PMC8008527 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00572-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astrocytes participate in innate inflammatory responses within the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). HECT domain E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (HECTD1) functions during microglial activation, suggesting a connection with neuroinflammation. However, the potential role of HECTD1 in astrocytes remains largely unknown. RESULTS Here, we demonstrated that HECTD1 was upregulated in primary mouse astrocytes after 100 ng/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. Genetic knockdown of HECTD1 in vitro or astrocyte-specific knockdown of HECTD1 in vivo suppressed LPS-induced astrocyte activation, whereas overexpression of HECTD1 in vitro facilitated LPS-induced astrocyte activation. Mechanistically, we established that LPS activated σ-1R-JNK/p38 pathway, and σ-1R antagonist BD1047, JNK inhibitor SP600125, or p38 inhibitor SB203580 reversed LPS-induced expression of HECTD1, thus restored LPS-induced astrocyte activation. In addition, FOXJ2 functioned as a transcription factor of HECTD1, and pretreatment of primary mouse astrocytes with BD1047, SB203580, and SP600125 significantly inhibited LPS-mediated translocation of FOXJ2 into the nucleus. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our present findings suggest that HECTD1 participates in LPS-induced astrocyte activation by activation of σ-1R-JNK/p38-FOXJ2 pathway and provide a potential therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammation induced by LPS or any other neuroinflammatory disorders.
Collapse
|
10
|
Singh S, Ng J, Sivaraman J. Exploring the "Other" subfamily of HECT E3-ligases for therapeutic intervention. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 224:107809. [PMID: 33607149 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The HECT E3 ligase family regulates key cellular signaling pathways, with its 28 members divided into three subfamilies: NEDD4 subfamily (9 members), HERC subfamily (6 members) and "Other" subfamily (13 members). Here, we focus on the less-explored "Other" subfamily and discuss the recent findings pertaining to their biological roles. The N-terminal regions preceding the conserved HECT domains are significantly diverse in length and sequence composition, and are mostly unstructured, except for short regions that incorporate known substrate-binding domains. In some of the better-characterized "Other" members (e.g., HUWE1, AREL1 and UBE3C), structure analysis shows that the extended region (~ aa 50) adjacent to the HECT domain affects the stability and activity of the protein. The enzymatic activity is also influenced by interactions with different adaptor proteins and inter/intramolecular interactions. Primarily, the "Other" subfamily members assemble atypical ubiquitin linkages, with some cooperating with E3 ligases from the other subfamilies to form branched ubiquitin chains on substrates. Viruses and pathogenic bacteria target and hijack the activities of "Other" subfamily members to evade host immune responses and cause diseases. As such, these HECT E3 ligases have emerged as potential candidates for therapeutic drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, 14 Science Drive 4, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Joel Ng
- Department of Biological Sciences, 14 Science Drive 4, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - J Sivaraman
- Department of Biological Sciences, 14 Science Drive 4, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Peng X, Wang T, Gao H, Yue X, Bian W, Mei J, Zhang Y. The interplay between IQGAP1 and small GTPases in cancer metastasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 135:111243. [PMID: 33434854 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The metastatic spread of tumor cells to distant anatomical locations is a critical cause for disease progression and leads to more than 90 % of cancer-related deaths. IQ motif-containing GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1), a prominent regulator in the cancer metastasis process, is a scaffold protein that interacts with components of the cytoskeleton. As a critical node within the small GTPase network, IQGAP1 acts as a binding partner of several small GTPases, which in turn function as molecular switches to control most cellular processes, including cell migration and invasion. Given the significant interaction between IQGAP1 and small GTPases in cancer metastasis, we briefly elucidate the role of IQGAP1 in regulating cancer metastasis and the varied interactions existing between IQGAP1 and small GTPases. In addition, the potential regulators for IQGAP1 activity and its interaction with small GTPases are also incorporated in this review. Overall, we comprehensively summarize the role of IQGAP1 in cancer tumorigenicity and metastasis, which may be a potential anti-tumor target to restrain cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiafeng Peng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China; First Clinical Medicine College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Tiejun Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China.
| | - Han Gao
- School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Xin Yue
- First Clinical Medicine College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Weiqi Bian
- First Clinical Medicine College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Jie Mei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China; Wuxi Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang X, De Geyter C, Jia Z, Peng Y, Zhang H. HECTD1 regulates the expression of SNAIL: Implications for epithelial‑mesenchymal transition. Int J Oncol 2020; 56:1186-1198. [PMID: 32319576 PMCID: PMC7115742 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
As a transcription factor, SNAIL plays a crucial role in embryonic development and cancer progression by mediating epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT); however, post‑translational modifications, such as ubiquitination, which control the degradation of SNAIL have been observed to affect its functional role in EMT. In a previous study by the authors, it was demonstrated that the HECT domain E3 ubiquitin ligase 1 (HECTD1) regulated the dynamic nature of adhesive structures. In the present study, HECTD1 was observed to interact with SNAIL and regulate its stability through ubiquitination, and the knockdown of HECTD1 increased the expression levels of SNAIL. HECTD1 was discovered to contain putative nuclear localization and export signals that facilitated its translocation between the cytoplasm and nucleus, a process regulated by epidermal growth factor (EGF). Treatment with leptomycin B resulted in the nuclear retention of HECTD1, which was associated with the loss of SNAIL expression. The knockdown of HECTD1 in HeLa cells increased cell migration and induced a mesenchymal phenotype, in addition to demonstrating sustained EGF signaling, which was observed through increased phosphorylated ERK expression levels. Under hypoxic conditions, HECTD1 expression levels were decreased by microRNA (miRNA or miR)‑210. Upon the observation of genetic abnormalities in the HECTD1 gene in cervical cancer specimens, it was observed that the decreased expression levels of HECTD1 were significantly associated with a poor patient survival. Thus, it was hypothesized that HECTD1 may regulate EMT through the hypoxia/hypoxia inducible factor 1α/miR‑210/HECTD1/SNAIL signaling pathway and the EGF/EGF receptor/HECTD1/ERK/SNAIL signaling pathway in cervical cancer. On the whole, the data of the present study indicated that HECTD1 serves as an E3 ubiquitin ligase to mediate the stability of SNAIL proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinggang Wang
- Department of Biomedicine (DBM), University Hospital, University of Basel, CH‑4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian De Geyter
- Department of Biomedicine (DBM), University Hospital, University of Basel, CH‑4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zanhui Jia
- Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Ya Peng
- Department of Biomedicine (DBM), University Hospital, University of Basel, CH‑4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Biomedicine (DBM), University Hospital, University of Basel, CH‑4031 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
CircDYM ameliorates depressive-like behavior by targeting miR-9 to regulate microglial activation via HSP90 ubiquitination. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:1175-1190. [PMID: 30413800 PMCID: PMC7244405 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0285-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), highly expressed in the central nervous system, are involved in various regulatory processes and implicated in some pathophysiology. However, the potential role of circRNAs in psychiatric diseases, particularly major depressive disorder (MDD), remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that circular RNA DYM (circDYM) levels were significantly decreased both in the peripheral blood of patients with MDD and in the two depressive-like mouse models: the chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) models. Restoration of circDYM expression significantly attenuated depressive-like behavior and inhibited microglial activation induced by CUS or LPS treatment. Further examination indicated that circDYM functions as an endogenous microRNA-9 (miR-9) sponge to inhibit miR-9 activity, which results in a downstream increase of target-HECT domain E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (HECTD1) expression, an increase of HSP90 ubiquitination, and a consequent decrease of microglial activation. Taken together, the results of our study demonstrate the involvement of circDYM and its coupling mechanism in depression, providing translational evidence that circDYM may be a novel therapeutic target for depression.
Collapse
|
14
|
D'Alonzo D, Emch FH, Shen X, Bruder E, De Geyter C, Zhang H. Hectd1 is essential for embryogenesis in mice. Gene Expr Patterns 2019; 34:119064. [PMID: 31301385 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2019.119064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Many aspects of the functional role of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Hectd1 in embryogenesis and in cell biology still remain to be elucidated. In order to contribute to this task we now report the generation of a new transgenic mouse model for Hectd1 using the gene trap strategy. The HECT domain deletion mutant mouse was created by inserting a β-geo cassette into the Hectd1 locus. Mice homozygous for Hectd1-mutant showed early embryonic lethality with abnormal placental development and defective of neural tube closure resulting in exencephaly. The thickness of the placenta of both Hectd1-mutant homozygous and heterozygous mice was distinctly thinner than that of wildtype mice, the difference being most pronounced in the labyrinth layer of the placenta. We also addressed the temporal and spatial expression profiles of Hectd1 in adult tissues by X-gal staining. Hectd1 expression was detected in specific cell populations of most but not all tissues of the adult organism. Furthermore, the expression of Hectd1 was regulated by insulin and by both heat and hypoxia. Thus, our studies reveal that Hectd1 is indispensable for normal embryogenesis and fetal survival. The generation of this new Hectd1 mutant mouse model provides ample opportunities to study the function of Hectd1 in mammalian cells in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donato D'Alonzo
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Hélène Emch
- Clinic of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoli Shen
- Clinic of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland; Chongqing Reproductive and Genetics Institute, 64 Jing Tang ST, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, 400013, PR China
| | - Elisabeth Bruder
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian De Geyter
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland; Clinic of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sugrue KF, Sarkar AA, Leatherbury L, Zohn IE. The ubiquitin ligase HECTD1 promotes retinoic acid signaling required for development of the aortic arch. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.036491. [PMID: 30578278 PMCID: PMC6361158 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.036491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the aortic arch is a complex process that involves remodeling of the bilaterally symmetrical pharyngeal arch arteries (PAAs) into the mature asymmetric aortic arch. Retinoic acid signaling is a key regulator of this process by directing patterning of the second heart field (SHF), formation of the caudal PAAs and subsequent remodeling of the PAAs to form the aortic arch. Here, we identify the HECTD1 ubiquitin ligase as a novel modulator of retinoic acid signaling during this process. Hectd1opm/opm homozygous mutant embryos show a spectrum of aortic arch abnormalities that occur following loss of 4th PAAs and increased SHF marker expression. This sequence of defects is similar to phenotypes observed in mutant mouse models with reduced retinoic acid signaling. Importantly, HECTD1 binds to and influences ubiquitination of the retinoic acid receptor, alpha (RARA). Furthermore, reduced activation of a retinoic acid response element (RARE) reporter is detected in Hectd1 mutant cells and embryos. Interestingly, Hectd1opm/+ heterozygous embryos exhibit reduced retinoic acid signaling, along with intermediate increased expression of SHF markers; however, heterozygotes show normal development of the aortic arch. Decreasing retinoic acid synthesis by reducing Raldh2 (also known as Aldh1a2) gene dosage in Hectd1opm/+ heterozygous embryos reveals a genetic interaction. Double heterozygous embryos show hypoplasia of the 4th PAA and increased incidence of a benign aortic arch variant, in which the transverse arch between the brachiocephalic and left common carotid arteries is shortened. Together, our data establish that HECTD1 is a novel regulator of retinoic acid signaling required for proper aortic arch development. Editor's choice: The HECTD1 ubiquitin ligase is a novel modulator of retinoic acid signaling during aortic arch development and provides a model for complex interactions underlying variations in aortic arch development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey F Sugrue
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA.,Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Anjali A Sarkar
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Linda Leatherbury
- Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Health System, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Irene E Zohn
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rui L, Weiyi L, Yu M, Hong Z, Jiao Y, Zhe M, Hongjie F. The serine/threonine protein kinase of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 affects the ability of the pathogen to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Cell Microbiol 2018; 20:e12862. [PMID: 29797543 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is a zoonotic agent that causes meningitis in humans and pigs. However, the mechanism whereby SS2 crosses the microvasculature endothelium of the brain is not understood. In this study, transposon (TnYLB-1) mutagenesis was used to identify virulence factors potentially associated with invasive ability in pathogenic SS2. A poorly invasive mutant was identified and was found to contain a TnYLB-1 insertion in the serine/threonine kinase (stk) gene. Transwell chambers containing hBMECs were used to model the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We observed that the SS2 wild-type ZY05719 strain crossed the BBB model more readily than the mutant strain. Hence, we speculated that STK is associated with the ability of crossing blood-brain barrier in SS2. In vitro, compared with ZY05719, the ability of the stk-deficient strain (Δstk) to adhere to and invade both hBMECs and bEnd.3 cells, as well as to cross the BBB, was significantly attenuated. Immunocytochemistry using antibodies against claudin-5 in bEnd.3 cells showed that infection by ZY05719 disrupted BBB tight junction proteins to a greater extent than in infection by Δstk. The studies revealed that SS2 initially binds at or near intercellular junctions and crosses the BBB via paracellular traversal. Claudin-5 mRNA levels were indistinguishable in ZY05719- and Δstk-infected cells. This result indicated that the decrease of claudin-5 was maybe induced by protein degradation. Cells infected by ZY05719 exhibited higher ubiquitination levels than cells infected by Δstk. This result indicated that ubiquitination was involved in the degradation of claudin-5. Differential proteomic analysis showed that E3 ubiquitin protein ligase HECTD1 decreased by 1.5-fold in Δstk-infected bEnd.3 cells relative to ZY05719-infected cells. Together, the results suggested that STK may affect the expression of E3 ubiquitin ligase HECTD1 and subsequently increase the degradation of claudin-5, thus enabling SS2 to traverse the BBB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Rui
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Veterinary Research Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Weiyi
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Yu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhou Hong
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Jiao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ma Zhe
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fan Hongjie
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Aleidi SM, Yang A, Sharpe LJ, Rao G, Cochran BJ, Rye KA, Kockx M, Brown AJ, Gelissen IC. The E3 ubiquitin ligase, HECTD1, is involved in ABCA1-mediated cholesterol export from macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:359-368. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
18
|
Bai Y, Zhang Y, Han B, Yang L, Chen X, Huang R, Wu F, Chao J, Liu P, Hu G, Zhang JH, Yao H. Circular RNA DLGAP4 Ameliorates Ischemic Stroke Outcomes by Targeting miR-143 to Regulate Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition Associated with Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity. J Neurosci 2018; 38:32-50. [PMID: 29114076 PMCID: PMC6705810 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1348-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are highly expressed in the CNS and regulate physiological and pathophysiological processes. However, the potential role of circRNAs in stroke remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the circRNA DLGAP4 (circDLGAP4) functions as an endogenous microRNA-143 (miR-143) sponge to inhibit miR-143 activity, resulting in the inhibition of homologous to the E6-AP C-terminal domain E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 expression. circDLGAP4 levels were significantly decreased in the plasma of acute ischemic stroke patients (13 females and 13 males) and in a mouse stroke model. Upregulation of circDLGAP4 expression significantly attenuated neurological deficits and decreased infarct areas and blood-brain barrier damage in the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse stroke model. Endothelial-mesenchymal transition contributes to blood-brain barrier disruption and circDLGAP4 overexpression significantly inhibited endothelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating tight junction protein and mesenchymal cell marker expression. Together, the results of our study are illustrative of the involvement of circDLGAP4 and its coupling mechanism in cerebral ischemia, providing translational evidence that circDLGAP4 serves as a novel therapeutic target for acute cerebrovascular protection.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the regulation of physiological and pathophysiological processes. However, whether circRNAs are involved in ischemic injury, particularly cerebrovascular disorders, remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate a critical role for circular RNA DLGAP4 (circDLGAP4), a novel circular RNA originally identified as a sponge for microRNA-143 (miR-143), in ischemic stroke outcomes. Overexpression of circDLGAP4 significantly attenuated neurological deficits and decreased infarct areas and blood-brain barrier damage in the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse stroke model. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the efficacy of circRNA injection in an ischemic stroke model. Our investigation suggests that circDLGAP4 may serve as a novel therapeutic target for acute ischemic injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xufeng Chen
- Emergency Department, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Rongrong Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fangfang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jie Chao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California 92354, and
| | - Honghong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China,
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kristensen LS, Okholm TLH, Venø MT, Kjems J. Circular RNAs are abundantly expressed and upregulated during human epidermal stem cell differentiation. RNA Biol 2017; 15:280-291. [PMID: 29283313 PMCID: PMC5798954 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2017.1409931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression patterns of endogenous circular RNA (circRNA) molecules during epidermal stem cell (EpSC) differentiation have not previously been explored. Here, we show that circRNAs are abundantly expressed in EpSCs and that their expression change dramatically during differentiation in a coordinated manner. Overall, circRNAs are expressed at higher levels in the differentiated cells, and many upregulated circRNAs are derived from developmental genes, including four different circRNAs from DLG1. The observed changes in circRNA expression were largely independent of host gene expression, and circRNAs independently upregulated upon differentiation are more prone to AGO2 binding and have more predicted miRNA binding sites compared to stably expressed circRNAs. In particular, upregulated circRNAs from the HECTD1 and ZNF91 genes have exceptionally high numbers of AGO2 binding sites and predicted miRNA target sites, and circZNF91 contains 24 target sites for miR-23b-3p, which is known to play important roles in keratinocyte differentiation. We also observed that upregulated circRNAs are less likely to be flanked by homologues inverted Alu repeats compared to stably expressed circRNAs. This coincide with DHX9 being upregulated in the differentiated keratinocytes. Finally, none of the circRNAs upregulated upon differentiation were also upregulated upon DNMT3A or DNMT3B knockdown, making it unlikely that epigenetic mechanisms are governing the observed circRNA expression changes. Together, we provide a map of circRNA expression in EpSCs and their differentiated counterparts and shed light on potential function and regulation of differentially expressed circRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Sommer Kristensen
- a Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark.,b Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | | | - Morten Trillingsgaard Venø
- a Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark.,b Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- a Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark.,b Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| |
Collapse
|