1
|
Han R, Li X, Gao X, Lv G. Cinnamaldehyde: Pharmacokinetics, anticancer properties and therapeutic potential (Review). Mol Med Rep 2024; 30:163. [PMID: 38994757 PMCID: PMC11267250 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer incidence is increasing globally, presenting a growing public health challenge. While anticancer drugs are crucial in treatment, their limitations, including poor targeting ability and high toxicity, hinder effectiveness and patient safety, requiring relentless scientific research and technological advancements to develop safer and more effective therapeutics. Cinnamaldehyde (CA), an active compound derived from the natural plant cinnamon, has garnered attention in pharmacological research due to its diverse therapeutic applications. CA has potential in treating a wide array of conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, inflammatory disorders and various forms of cancer. The present review comprehensively summarizes the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic profiles of CA, and delves into the latest advancements in elucidating its potential mechanisms and targets across various cancer types. CA and its derivatives have antitumor effects, which encompass inhibiting cell proliferation, arresting the cell cycle, inducing apoptosis, limiting cell migration and invasion, and suppressing angiogenesis. Additionally, the present review explores targeted formulations of CA, laying a scientific foundation for further exploration of its implications in cancer prevention and treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruxia Han
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Xueying Li
- School of Health, Binzhou Polytechnic, Binzhou, Shandong 256600, P.R. China
| | - Xinfu Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Guangyao Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xia K, Huang X, Zhao Y, Yang I, Guo W. SERPINH1 enhances the malignancy of osteosarcoma via PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Transl Oncol 2024; 39:101802. [PMID: 37839175 PMCID: PMC10728702 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serpin Family H Member 1 (SERPINH1) may be involved in the regulation of occurrence and development of tumors. However, the role and mechanism of SERPINH1 in osteosarcoma remain poorly understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression and role of SRPINH1 in osteosarcoma and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms. METHODS First, we examined the expression of SERPINH1 in osteosarcoma and analyzed publicly available datasets to investigate whether SERPINH1 expression was associated with the prognosis of osteosarcoma. Then we constructed SERPINH1 overexpression and knockdown systems in osteosarcoma cells, and examined the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of osteosarcoma cells after SERPINH1 expression changes using CCK-8 assay, wound healing assay and transwell invasion assay. In addition, we constructed a subcutaneous xenograft tumor model to study the function of SERPINH1 in vivo. We also examined the downstream pathways of SERPINH1 by functional analysis and performed subsequent validation. RESULTS SERPINH1 was upregulated and associated with poor survival in patients with osteosarcoma. SERPINH1 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells and promotes the growth of osteosarcoma in vivo by activating the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. CONCLUSION SERPINH1 partakes in the biological process of osteosarcoma as a tumor promotor and may be an emerging biomarker in osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kezhou Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xinghan Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yingchun Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Isabelle Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Weichun Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Y, Zhang T, He X. Advances in the role of microRNAs associated with the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in lung cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1279822. [PMID: 38169723 PMCID: PMC10758458 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1279822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer has long been a topic of great interest in society and a major factor affecting human health. Breast, prostate, lung, and colorectal cancers are the top four tumor types with the greatest incidence rates in 2020, according to the most recent data on global cancer incidence. Among these, lung cancer had the highest fatality rate. Extensive research has shown that microRNAs, through different signaling pathways, play crucial roles in cancer development. It is considered that the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway plays a significant role in the development of lung cancer. MicroRNAs can act as a tumor suppressor or an oncogene by altering the expression of important proteins in this pathway, such as PTEN and AKT. In order to improve the clinical translational benefit of microRNAs in lung cancer research, we have generalized and summarized the way of action of microRNAs linked with the PI3/AKT signaling pathway in this review through literature search and data analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Illness Medicine, Gannan Medical University’s First Affiliated Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Illness Medicine, Gannan Medical University’s First Affiliated Hospital, Ganzhou, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Branch of China Clinical Medical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lu X, Ying Y, Zhang W, Li R, Wang W. Identification of stemness subtypes and features to improve endometrial cancer treatment using machine learning. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 51:57-73. [PMID: 36748358 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2023.2172027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is one of the most common malignant tumours in women, and cancer stem cells are known to play an important role in its growth, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Immunotherapy for endometrial cancer is still under research. In this study, a total of 547 endometrial cancer cases were randomly divided into training set (351 cases) set and test set (196 cases). The stemness index of patients was calculated using the One-Class Logistic Regression (OCLR) machine learning algorithm to explore the clinicopathological differences between index levels. Stemness subtypes were determined according to the characteristics of cancer stemness and their clinicopathological characteristics, immune features, and therapeutic effects were described. Our study suggests that endometrial cancer is classified into two stemness subtypes. Stemness subtypes, which are associated with its clinical features, may be independent prognostic factors for endometrial cancer. The stemness subtypes differed significantly in immune activity, immune cell infiltration, and the immune microenvironment, including sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs and potential therapeutic compounds. Algorithms were utilised to construct a stemness subtype prediction model and predictor. These findings will provide guidance for the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of endometrial cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanqi Ying
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wuliang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
The role of BMI1 in endometrial cancer and other cancers. Gene 2023; 856:147129. [PMID: 36563713 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the third leading gynecological malignancy, and its treatment remains challenging. B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site-1 (BMI1) is one of the core members of the polycomb group (PcG) family, which plays a promoting role in the occurrence and development of various tumors. Notably, BMI1 has been found to be frequently upregulated in endometrial cancer (EC) and promote the occurrence of EC through promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and AKT/PI3K pathways. This review summarizes the structure and upstream regulatory mechanisms of BMI1 and its role in EC. In addition, we focused on the role of BMI1 in chemoradiotherapy resistance and summarized the current drugs that target BMI1.
Collapse
|
6
|
Yu Q, Dai J, Shu M. Circular RNA-0072309 has antitumor influences in Hep3B cell line by targeting microRNA-665. Biofactors 2023; 49:79-89. [PMID: 32048412 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer is a malignant tumor that occurs in the liver and has a high mortality rate. We strived to detect the role and mechanism of circRNA-0072309 in liver cancer. Hep3B cell line was transfected with pc-circ and si-circ for viability, colony formation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion tests, which were individually performed by CCK-8, colony formation detection, flow cytometry assay, migration and invasion assays. What is more, the luciferase reporter assay was conducted to determine the target relationship between the circRNA-0072309 and microRNA (miR)-665. The expression of circRNA-0072309 was examined by qRT-PCR. The expression of proteins was examined via western blot. CircRNA-0072309 was lowly expressed in liver cancer tissues and positively associated with 5-year survival rate. The viability, colony formation, invasive and migratory ability were inhibited by abundant circRNA-0072309, which promoted cell apoptosis on the contrary. CircRNA-0072309 knockdown induced opposite effects, but could not affect apoptosis. Overexpressed miR-665 in tumor tissues was targeted and negatively controlled by circRNA-0072309. The PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β-catenin pathways were inhibited by abundant circRNA-0072309. miR-665 overexpression disturbed those effects derived from pc-circ. The circRNA-0072309 had antitumor influences in Hep3B cell line through targeting miR-665 relying on the deactivation of PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β-catenin pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyun Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Science (Ningbo No.2 Hospital), Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinhua Dai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Science (Ningbo No.2 Hospital), Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming Shu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Science (Ningbo No.2 Hospital), Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Digestive System Tumors, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xiao Q, Deng B, Akbari A, Liu Q, Zhu B. The ketogenic diet could improve the efficacy of curcumin and Oldenlandia diffusa extract in the treatment of gastric cancer by increasing miR340 expression and apoptosis mediated by autophagy, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14407. [PMID: 36219718 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of gastric cancer is a multistage process that involves glucose metabolism, inflammation, oxidative damage, angiogenesis, autophagy, and apoptosis. Moreover, microRNA-340 (miR340) also plays a vital role in tumorigenesis and the biology of gastric cancer as an epigenetic factor. It seems that the use of ketogenic diets (KDs) and plant extracts that have antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties can be good treatment options to cure gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of miR-340 on pathways involved in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and the improving effects of the KD, Oldenlandia diffusa extract (ODE), and curcumin in the animal model of gastric cancer. One hundred and ten male Wistar rats were divided into control and treatment groups. The expression of miR-340 along with genes involved in inflammation, oxidative damage, angiogenesis, and apoptosis were assessed. The results showed that the KD and different doses of curcumin and ODE in a dose-dependent behavior could induce apoptosis and the expression of the Akt/mTORC1 pathway and inhibit inflammation, oxidative damage, and angiogenesis in the gastric tissue of rats with cancer. In addition, there was no significant difference between cancer groups receiving ODE and curcumin. These results also showed that consumption of KD could significantly increase the efficacy of ODE and curcumin which may be due to increasing miR-340 expression. The results of this study suggested well that the KD along with conventional therapies in traditional medicine can be a useful solution for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death, and genetic and epigenetic factors, including miR-340, are involved in its pathogenesis. However, the use of ketogenic diets (KDs) and plant products such as curcumin and Oldenlandia diffusa extract (ODE) can play an effective role in inhibiting tumorigenesis in some cancers. Our results showed that the KD and different doses of curcumin and ODE could induce apoptosis and the expression of the Akt/mTORC1 pathway and inhibit inflammation, oxidative damage, and angiogenesis in the gastric tissue. Moreover, the KD could significantly increase the efficacy of ODE and curcumin which may be due to an increase in miR-340 expression. These findings provide novel perceptions about the mechanisms of the KD, curcumin, and ODE to cure gastric cancer. It suggested that the KD as adjunctive therapy along with conventional therapies in traditional medicine could be considered a useful solution to prevent and treat gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Department of Oncology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Qisheng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Bisheng Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Therachiyil L, Hussein OJ, Uddin S, Korashy HM. Regulation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in cancer and cancer stem cells of gynecological malignancies: An update on signaling pathways. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:1186-1202. [PMID: 36252938 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Gynecological malignancies are a female type of cancers that affects the reproductive system. Cancer metastasis or recurrence mediated by cellular invasiveness occurs at advanced stages of cancer progression. Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) enrichment in tumors leads to chemoresistance, which results in cancer mortality. Exposure to environmental pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is associated with an increased the risk of CSC enrichment in gynecological cancers. One of the important pathways that mediates the metabolism and bioactivation of these environmental chemicals is the transcription factor, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). The present review explores the molecular mechanisms regulating the crosstalk and interaction of the AhR with cancer-related signaling pathways, such as apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, immune checkpoints, and G-protein-coupled receptors in several gynecological malignancies such as ovarian, uterine, endometrial, and cervical cancers. The review also discusses the potential of targeting the AhR pathway as a novel chemotherapy for gynecological cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Therachiyil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Ola J Hussein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Hesham M Korashy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Penariol LBC, Thomé CH, Tozetti PA, Paier CRK, Buono FO, Peronni KC, Orellana MD, Covas DT, Moraes MEA, Silva WA, Rosa-e-Silva JC, Ferriani RA, Faça VM, Poli-Neto OB, Tiezzi DG, Meola J. What Do the Transcriptome and Proteome of Menstrual Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Tell Us about Endometriosis? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11515. [PMID: 36232817 PMCID: PMC9570451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the importance of menstrual blood in the pathogenesis of endometriosis and the multifunctional roles of menstrual mesenchymal stem cells (MenSCs) in regenerative medicine, this issue has gained prominence in the scientific community. Moreover, recent reviews highlight how robust the integrated assessment of omics data are for endometriosis. To our knowledge, no study has applied the multi-omics approaches to endometriosis MenSCs. This is a case-control study at a university-affiliated hospital. MenSCs transcriptome and proteome data were obtained by RNA-seq and UHPLC-MS/MS detection. Among the differentially expressed proteins and genes, we emphasize ATF3, ID1, ID3, FOSB, SNAI1, NR4A1, EGR1, LAMC3, and ZFP36 genes and MT2A, TYMP, COL1A1, COL6A2, and NID2 proteins that were already reported in the endometriosis. Our functional enrichment analysis reveals integrated modulating signaling pathways such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (↑) and PI3K signaling via AKT to mTORC1 (↓ in proteome), mTORC1 signaling, TGF beta signaling, TNFA signaling via NFkB, IL6 STAT3 signaling, and response to hypoxia via HIF1A targets (↑ in transcriptome). Our findings highlight primary changes in the endometriosis MenSCs, suggesting that the chronic inflammatory endometrial microenvironment can modulate these cells, providing opportunities for endometriosis etiopathogenesis. Moreover, they identify challenges for future research leveraging knowledge for regenerative and precision medicine in endometriosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia B. C. Penariol
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Carolina H. Thomé
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
- Regional Blood Center, Medical School of Hemocenter Foundation of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14051-140, Brazil
| | - Patrícia A. Tozetti
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos R. K. Paier
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara, Ceará 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Fabiana O. Buono
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Kamila C. Peronni
- Department of Genetics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Maristela D. Orellana
- Regional Blood Center, Medical School of Hemocenter Foundation of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14051-140, Brazil
| | - Dimas T. Covas
- Regional Blood Center, Medical School of Hemocenter Foundation of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14051-140, Brazil
| | - Maria E. A. Moraes
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara, Ceará 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Wilson A. Silva
- Department of Genetics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Júlio C. Rosa-e-Silva
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
- Laboratory for Translational Data Science, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Rui A. Ferriani
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
- National Institute of Hormones and Women’s Health (Hormona), CNPq, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Vitor M. Faça
- Regional Blood Center, Medical School of Hemocenter Foundation of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14051-140, Brazil
- Department Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Omero B. Poli-Neto
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
- Laboratory for Translational Data Science, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel G. Tiezzi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
- Laboratory for Translational Data Science, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana Meola
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
- Laboratory for Translational Data Science, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
- National Institute of Hormones and Women’s Health (Hormona), CNPq, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Aynekin B, Akalin H, Muderris II, Acmaz G, Akgun H, Şahin IO, Gokce NC, Alzaidi Z, Erturk Zararsiz G, Ozkul Y, Dundar M, Saatci Ç. Biomarker potential of the GRP78 cell-free RNA in endometrial cancer. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00355-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Circulating tumor cells represent an opportunity for the assessment of early recurrent disease or for real-time tracing of cancer. Glucose Regulated Protein 78 (GRP78) is known in the literature as a stress factor in endometrial cancer. We aimed to investigate the importance of the gene by targeting tumor traces circulating in the cell fluids of patients with Type 1 endometrial cancer, examining cell-free RNAs in patients’ samples and performing ROC analysis.
Methodology
In this study, 32 endometrial cancer patients and 20 controls were included. This in vitro study evaluated, the GRP78 cell-free mRNA expression levels in endometrial cancer patients, by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction qRT–PCR Light Cycler. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis is a tool used to identify the precision of a diagnostic test or prediction model. In our study, we investigated whether the expression levels of cell-free GRP78 mRNA could be used as a diagnostic criterion.
Results
The ROC curve results for endometrial cancer diagnostic criterion of cfRNA GRP78 mRNA indicated quite a significant value (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Current findings show that cell-free mRNA GRP78 is now a criterion that can be used together with smear mRNA GRP78 without the need for invasive methods in endometrial cancer studies.
Collapse
|
11
|
ZEB1: Catalyst of immune escape during tumor metastasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113490. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
12
|
Xie CF, Feng KL, Wang JN, Luo R, Fang CK, Zhang Y, Shen CP, Zhong C. Jianpi Huayu decoction inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by suppressing exosomal miR-23a-3p/Smad signaling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 294:115360. [PMID: 35568116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Jianpi Huayu decoction (JHD) is a traditional Chinese medicinal preparation used to treat a variety of malignant tumors including HCC, although the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Exosomes in the tumor microenvironment mediate intercellular signaling among cancer cells, but precise contributions to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression are still elusive. AIM OF THE STUDY In this work, the main objective was to examine the mechanisms underlying anti-tumor effects of JHD and the potential contributions of exosomal signaling. MATERIALS AND METHODS LC-MS/MS was used for quality control of JDH preparation, while nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and western blotting were used for verification of exosomes. In vitro assays included CCK8, wound healing assay, transwell invasion assay, qRT-PCR and western blotting were performed to investigate the effects of JHD on HCC cells and the molecular mechanism. Furthermore, the effects of JHD on subcutaneous tumor model of nude mice were also determined. RESULTS JHD inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cultured HCC cells. Further, exosomes isolated from EMT-induced HCC cells promoted the migration, invasion and EMT of other cultured HCC cells, while exosomes isolated from EMT-induced HCC cells after JHD treatment had little effect. In addition, JHD reduced the expression of exosomal miR-23a-3p in cultured HCC cells. miR-23a-3p was significantly up-regulated in tumor compared with that in adjacent non-cancerous tissues of patients with HCC. HCC patients with high miR-23a-3p expression had poor overall survival after hepatectomy. Meanwhile, miR-23a-3p enhanced HCC cell proliferation, EMT, and expression of Smad signaling proteins. More importantly, overexpression of miR-23a-3p can reverse the inhibition of EMT and Smad signaling pathway caused by JHD treatment. In vivo assays, treatment with JHD also reduced the growth of HCC-derived tumors in nude mice, reduced the expression of miR-23a-3p in serum exosomes and the level of EMT in tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS the antitumor effects of JHD on HCC are mediated at least in part by inhibition of EMT due to downregulation of exosome-mediated intercellular miR-23a-3p transfer and subsequent blockade of Smad signaling. Disrupting this exosomal miR-23a-3p/Smad signaling pathway may be an effective treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Feng Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Department of General Surgery, Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, 545001, Liuzhou, China
| | - Kun-Liang Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Ji-Nan Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Rui Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Chong-Kai Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Chuang-Peng Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Chong Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sobstyl M, Brecht P, Sobstyl A, Mertowska P, Grywalska E. The Role of Microbiota in the Immunopathogenesis of Endometrial Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105756. [PMID: 35628566 PMCID: PMC9143279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The female reproductive tract hosts a specific microbiome, which plays a crucial role in sustaining equilibrium and good health. In the majority of reproductive women, the microbiota (all bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other single-celled organisms within the human body) of the vaginal and cervical microenvironment are dominated by Lactobacillus species, which benefit the host through symbiotic relationships, in comparison to the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, which may contain a low-biomass microbiome with a diverse mixture of microorganisms. Although disruption to the balance of the microbiota develops, the altered immune and metabolic signaling may cause an impact on diseases such as cancer. These pathophysiological modifications in the gut–uterus axis may spark gynecological cancers. New information displays that gynecological and gastrointestinal tract dysbiosis (disruption of the microbiota homeostasis) can play an active role in the advancement and metastasis of gynecological neoplasms, such as cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers. Understanding the relationship between microbiota and endometrial cancer is critical for prognosis, diagnosis, prevention, and the development of innovative treatments. Identifying a specific microbiome may become an effective method for characterization of the specific microbiota involved in endometrial carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to summarize the current state of knowledge that describes the correlation of microbiota with endometrial cancer with regard to the formation of immunological pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Sobstyl
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-037 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Peet Brecht
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Anna Sobstyl
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Paulina Mertowska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.B.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (E.G.)
| | - Ewelina Grywalska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.B.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (E.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Banz-Jansen C, Helweg LP, Kaltschmidt B. Endometrial Cancer Stem Cells: Where Do We Stand and Where Should We Go? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063412. [PMID: 35328833 PMCID: PMC8955970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases in women worldwide, with an incidence of 5.9%. Thus, it is the most frequent cancer of the female genital tract, with more than 34,000 women dying, in Europe and North America alone. Endometrial Cancer Stem Cells (CSC) might be drivers of carcinogenesis as well as metastatic and recurrent disease. Therefore, targeting CSCs is of high interest to improve prognosis of patients suffering of advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer. This review describes the current evidence of molecular mechanisms in endometrial CSCs with special emphasis on MYC and NF-κB signaling as well as mitochondrial metabolism. Furthermore, the current status of immunotherapy targeting PD-1 and PD-L1 in endometrial cancer cells and CSCs is elucidated. The outlined findings encourage novel therapies that target signaling pathways in endometrial CSCs as well as immunotherapy as a promising therapeutic approach in the treatment of endometrial cancer to impede cancer progression and prevent recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Banz-Jansen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, and Perinatal Center, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, University Medical School OWL at Bielefeld, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Burgsteig 13, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany;
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany;
| | - Laureen P. Helweg
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany;
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany;
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Molecular Neurobiology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Piperigkou Z, Tzaferi K, Makrokanis G, Cheli K, Karamanos NK. The microRNA-cell surface proteoglycan axis in cancer progression. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C825-C832. [PMID: 35294845 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00041.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteoglycans consist one of the major extracellular matrix class of biomolecules that demonstrate nodal roles in cancer progression. Μodern diagnostic and therapeutic approaches include proteoglycan detection and pharmacological targeting in various cancers. Proteoglycans orchestrate critical signaling pathways for cancer development and progression through dynamic interactions with matrix components. It is well established that the epigenetic signatures of cancer cells play critical role in guiding their functional properties and metastatic potential. Secreted microRNAs (miRNAs) reside in a complex network with matrix proteoglycans, thus affecting cell-cell and cell-matrix communication. This mini-review aims to highlight current knowledge on the proteoglycan-mediated signaling cascades that regulate miRNA biogenesis in cancer. Moreover, the miRNA-mediated proteoglycan regulation during cancer progression and mechanistic aspects on the way that proteoglycans affect miRNA expression are presented. Recent advances on the role of cell surface proteoglycans in exosome biogenesis and miRNA packaging and expression are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Piperigkou
- Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Tzaferi
- Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - George Makrokanis
- Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Konsatntina Cheli
- Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Souza MF, Cólus IMS, Fonseca AS, Antunes VC, Kumar D, Cavalli LR. MiR-182-5p Modulates Prostate Cancer Aggressive Phenotypes by Targeting EMT Associated Pathways. Biomolecules 2022; 12:187. [PMID: 35204688 PMCID: PMC8961520 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a clinically heterogeneous disease, where deregulation of epigenetic events, such as miRNA expression alterations, are determinants for its development and progression. MiR-182-5p, a member of the miR-183 family, when overexpressed has been associated with PCa tumor progression and decreased patients' survival rates. In this study, we determined the regulatory role of miR-182-5p in modulating aggressive tumor phenotypes in androgen-refractory PCa cell lines (PC3 and DU-145). The transient transfection of the cell lines with miR-182-5p inhibitor and mimic systems, significantly affected cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and the viability of the cells to the chemotherapeutic agents, docetaxel, and abiraterone. It also affected the protein expression levels of the tumor progression marker pAKT. These changes, however, were differentially observed in the cell lines studied. A comprehensive biological and functional enrichment analysis and miRNA/mRNA interaction revealed its strong involvement in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process; expression analysis of EMT markers in the PCa transfected cells directly or indirectly modulated the analyzed tumor phenotypes. In conclusion, miR-182-5p differentially impacts tumorigenesis in androgen-refractory PCa cells, in a compatible oncomiR mode of action by targeting EMT-associated pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marilesia Ferreira Souza
- General Biology Department, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil; (M.F.S.); (I.M.S.C.)
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Ilce Mara Syllos Cólus
- General Biology Department, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil; (M.F.S.); (I.M.S.C.)
| | - Aline Simoneti Fonseca
- Research Institute Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR 80240-020, Brazil; (A.S.F.); (V.C.A.)
| | - Valquíria Casanova Antunes
- Research Institute Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR 80240-020, Brazil; (A.S.F.); (V.C.A.)
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA;
| | - Luciane Regina Cavalli
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
- Research Institute Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR 80240-020, Brazil; (A.S.F.); (V.C.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Effects of Anti-Cancer Drug Sensitivity-Related Genetic Differences on Therapeutic Approaches in Refractory Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020699. [PMID: 35054884 PMCID: PMC8776099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) includes tumors of follicular cells; it ranges from well differentiated TC (WDTC) with generally favorable prognosis to clinically aggressive poorly differentiated TC (PDTC) and undifferentiated TC (UTC). Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is a WDTC and the most common type of thyroid cancer that comprises almost 70–80% of all TC. PTC can present as a solid, cystic, or uneven mass that originates from normal thyroid tissue. Prognosis of PTC is excellent, with an overall 10-year survival rate >90%. However, more than 30% of patients with PTC advance to recurrence or metastasis despite anti-cancer therapy; consequently, systemic therapy is limited, which necessitates expansion of improved clinical approaches. We strived to elucidate genetic distinctions due to patient-derived anti-cancer drug-sensitive or -resistant PTC, which can support in progress novel therapies. Patients with histologically proven PTC were evaluated. PTC cells were gained from drug-sensitive and -resistant patients and were compared using mRNA-Seq. We aimed to assess the in vitro and in vivo synergistic anti-cancer effects of a novel combination therapy in patient-derived refractory PTC. This combination therapy acts synergistically to promote tumor suppression compared with either agent alone. Therefore, genetically altered combination therapy might be a novel therapeutic approach for refractory PTC.
Collapse
|
18
|
MicroRNAs in Pancreatic Cancer and Chemoresistance. Pancreas 2021; 50:1334-1342. [PMID: 35041330 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the leading malignancies affecting human health, largely because of the development of resistance to chemotherapy/radiotherapy. There are many mechanisms that mediate the development of drug resistance, such as the transport of antineoplastic agents into cells, shifts in energy metabolism and environment, antineoplastic agent-induced DNA damage, and genetic mutations. MicroRNAs are short, noncoding RNAs that are 20 to 24 nucleotides in length and serve several biological functions. They bind to the 3'-untranslated regions of target genes and induce target degradation or translational inhibition. MicroRNAs can regulate several target genes and mediate PDAC chemotherapy/radiotherapy resistance. The detection of novel microRNAs would not only reveal the molecular mechanisms of PDAC and resistance to chemotherapy/radiotherapy but also provide new approaches to PDAC therapy. MicroRNAs are thus potential therapeutic targets for PDAC and might be essential in uncovering new mechanisms of the disease.
Collapse
|
19
|
Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Conversation with Tumor Cells in Endometrial Cancers: A Partner in Crime. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179121. [PMID: 34502029 PMCID: PMC8430936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A tumor cell carrying characteristic genomic alteration(s) exists within its host’s microenvironment. The tumor microenvironment (TME) renders holistic support to the tumor via cross-talk between tumor cells and three components of TME, immune components, vascular components, and fibroblast components. The tempero-spatial interaction of tumor cells with its microenvironment is the deterministic factor for tumor growth, progression, resistance to therapy, and its outcome in clinics. TME (1) facilitates proliferation, and the ensuing metastasis-associated phenotypes, (2) perturbs immune surveillance and supports tumor cells in their effort to evade immune recognition, and (3) actively participates in developing drug-induced resistance in cancer cells. Cancer-Associated Fibroblast (CAF) is a unique component of TME. CAF is the host mesenchyme immediately surrounding the tumor cells in solid tumors. It facilitates tumor growth and progression and participates in developing drug resistance in tumor cells by playing a critical role in all the ways mentioned above. The clinical outcome of a disease is thus critically contributed to by the CAF component of TME. Although CAFs have been identified historically, the functional relevance of CAF-tumor cell cross-talk and their influence on angiogenic and immune-components of TME are yet to be characterized in solid tumors, especially in endometrial cancers. Currently, the standard of care for the treatment of endometrial cancers is primarily guided by therapies directed towards the disease’s tumor compartment and immune compartments. Unfortunately, in the current state of therapies, a complete response (CR) to the therapy is still limited despite a more commonly achieved partial response (PR) and stable disease (SD) in patients. Acknowledging the limitations of the current sets of therapies based on only the tumor and immune compartments of the disease, we sought to put forward this review based on the importance of the cross-talk between CAF of the tumor microenvironment and tumor cells. The premise of the review is to recognize the critical role of CAF in disease progression. This manuscript presents a systemic review of the role of CAF in endometrial cancers. We critically interrogated the active involvement of CAF in the tumor compartment of endometrial cancers. Here we present the functional characteristics of CAF in the context of endometrial cancers. We review (1) the characteristics of CAF, (2) their evolution from being anti-tumor to pro-tumor, (3) their involvement in regulating growth and several metastasis-associated phenotypes of tumor cells, (4) their participation in perturbing immune defense and evading immune surveillance, and (5) their role in mediating drug resistance via tumor-CAF cross-talk with particular reference to endometrial cancers. We interrogate the functional characteristics of CAF in the light of its dialogue with tumor cells and other components of TME towards developing a CAF-based strategy for precision therapy to supplement tumor-based therapy. The purpose of the review is to present a new vision and initiate a thought process which recognizes the importance of CAF in a tumor, thereby resulting in a novel approach to the design and management of the disease in endometrial cancers.
Collapse
|
20
|
Wu W, Zhou J, Wu Y, Tang X, Zhu W. Overexpression of circRNA circFAT1 in Endometrial Cancer Cells Increases Their Stemness by Upregulating miR-21 Through Methylation. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2021; 37:843-849. [PMID: 34314629 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2020.4506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Circular (Circ)RNA circFAT1 play tumor-suppressive or oncogenic roles in different cancers. Microarray analysis observed altered expression of circFAT1 in endometrial cancer (EC) and its inverse correlation with miR-21. Materials and Methods: Expression of circFAT1 and miR-21 in EC and paired nontumor tissues collected from 62 EC patients was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). An experiment was conducted to evaluate the expression and interaction between circFAT1 and miR-21, followed by RT-qPCR and methylation-specific PCR. The role of circFAT1 and miR-21 in regulating the stemness was assessed by cell stemness assay. Heml 1.0 software was used to show differential gene expression. ANOVA Tukey's test and Pearson's correlation coefficient was used. Results: CircFAT1 was upregulated in EC and positively correlated with miR-21 across EC tissues. In RL95-2 and HEC-1-A cells, overexpression of circFAT1 increased the expression levels of miR-21 and decreased the methylation of miR-21 gene, whereas overexpression of miR-21 did not alter the expression of circFAT1. Cell stemness analysis showed that overexpression of circFAT1 and miR-21 increased cell stemness, and miR-21 inhibition decreased cell stemness. Moreover, inhibitor of miR-21 suppressed the role of circFAT1. Conclusions: In conclusion, circFAT1 is upregulated in EC and it may increase cancer cell stemness by upregulating miR-21.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Regional Specialized Disease Center of Northern Zhejiang, Jiaxing Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, P.R. China
| | - Jianqing Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Regional Specialized Disease Center of Northern Zhejiang, Jiaxing Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Regional Specialized Disease Center of Northern Zhejiang, Jiaxing Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, P.R. China
| | - Xuedong Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Regional Specialized Disease Center of Northern Zhejiang, Jiaxing Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, P.R. China
| | - Weili Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Regional Specialized Disease Center of Northern Zhejiang, Jiaxing Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu F, Wang YL, Wei JM, Huang ZD. Upregulation of circ_0000142 promotes multiple myeloma progression by adsorbing miR-610 and upregulating AKT3 expression. J Biochem 2021; 169:327-336. [PMID: 32970816 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play an important regulatory role in a variety of malignancies. Nevertheless, the role of circ_0000142 in multiple myeloma (MM) and its regulatory mechanism remains largely unknown. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was employed to detect the expressions of circ_0000142 and miR-610 in MM tissues and cell lines. The expression of AKT3 and apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2, Bax) in MM cells was detected by western blot. The correlation between the expression level of circ_0000142 and the clinicopathological parameters of MM patients was analysed. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion were monitored by Cell Counting Kit 8 assay, flow cytometry analysis and Transwell assay, respectively. The dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay were employed to verify the targeting relationship between circ_0000142 and miR-610. In this study, it was demonstrated that, circ_0000142 was highly expressed in MM patients, and its high expression level was significantly associated with increased International Staging System and Durie-Salmon stage. Overexpression of circ_0000142 enhanced MM cell proliferation, migration, invasion and suppressed cell apoptosis, while knocking down circ_0000142 had the opposite effects. Mechanistically, circ_0000142 functioned as a competitive endogenous RNA, directly targeting miR-610 and positively regulating AKT3 expression. In brief, circ_0000142 enhances the proliferation and metastasis of MM cells by modulating the miR-610/AKT3 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhao-Dong Huang
- Department of Intervention, Linyi Central Hospital, No. 17, Health Road, Yishui County, Linyi City, 276400 Shandong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Alkafaji HA, Raji A, Rahman HS, Zekiy AO, Adili A, Jalili M, Hojjatipour T, Cid‐Arregui A, Shomali N, Tarzi S, Tamjidifar R, Heshmati R, Marofi F, Akbari M, Hasanzadeh A, Deljavanghodrati M, Jarahian M, Sandoghchian Shotorbani S. Up-regulation of KISS1 as a novel target of Let-7i in melanoma serves as a potential suppressor of migration and proliferation in vitro. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:6864-6873. [PMID: 34096173 PMCID: PMC8278109 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a kind of skin cancer that is begun by the alteration of melanocytes. miRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate a variety of biological processes. KISS1, the metastasis-suppressor gene, encodes kisspeptins which inhibits migration and proliferation of cancers. This study was aimed to determine the role of Let-7i and KISS1 in melanoma cell migration and proliferation. At first, the expression of Let-7i and KISS1 was determined in patients with melanoma. In the in vitro part of the study, Let-7i mimics were transfected and the impact of its restoration on target gene expression, proliferation, migration and apoptosis of SK-MEL-3 melanoma cell line was assessed by real-time PCR and Western blotting, MTT assay, wound-healing assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Besides, KISS1 inhibitor siRNA alone and along with Let-7i was transfected to determine their probable correlation. The results revealed that either Let-7i or KISS1 were down-regulated in patients with melanoma. The results obtained from the in vitro part of the study revealed that restoration of Let-7i reduced the expression of metastasis- and proliferation-related target genes. Moreover, it was revealed that up-regulation of Let-7i attenuated migration and proliferation capability of SK-MEL-3 cells. Besides, it was demonstrated that Let-7i restoration induced apoptosis in melanoma cells. More importantly, the KISS1 inhibitor caused a prominent cell migration and proliferation, attenuated by Let-7i re-expression. To sum up, the present study revealed the impressive role of Let-7i restoration along with its correlation with KISS1 on melanoma carcinogenicity which may be applicable in future in vivo studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Raji
- College of medicineUniversity of BabylonBabylonIraq
| | - Heshu S. Rahman
- Department of PhysiologyCollege of MedicineUniversity of SuleimanyahSuleimanyahIraq
| | - Angelina O. Zekiy
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Ali Adili
- Department of OncologyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | | | - Tahereh Hojjatipour
- Department of Hematology and Blood TransfusionStudents Research CentreSchool of Allied MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Angel Cid‐Arregui
- Targeted Tumor Vaccines UnitGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Navid Shomali
- Immunology Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of ImmunologyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Saeed Tarzi
- Immunology Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Rozita Tamjidifar
- Immunology Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Ramin Heshmati
- Immunology Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Department of ImmunologyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Morteza Akbari
- Immunology Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Ali Hasanzadeh
- Department of ImmunologyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | | | - Mostafa Jarahian
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit (G401)German Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
| | - Siamak Sandoghchian Shotorbani
- Immunology Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of ImmunologyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
The structure-based cancer-related single amino acid variation prediction. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13599. [PMID: 34193921 PMCID: PMC8245468 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92793-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Single amino acid variation (SAV) is an amino acid substitution of the protein sequence that can potentially influence the entire protein structure or function, as well as its binding affinity. Protein destabilization is related to diseases, including several cancers, although using traditional experiments to clarify the relationship between SAVs and cancer uses much time and resources. Some SAV prediction methods use computational approaches, with most predicting SAV-induced changes in protein stability. In this investigation, all SAV characteristics generated from protein sequences, structures and the microenvironment were converted into feature vectors and fed into an integrated predicting system using a support vector machine and genetic algorithm. Critical features were used to estimate the relationship between their properties and cancers caused by SAVs. We describe how we developed a prediction system based on protein sequences and structure that is capable of distinguishing if the SAV is related to cancer or not. The five-fold cross-validation performance of our system is 89.73% for the accuracy, 0.74 for the Matthews correlation coefficient, and 0.81 for the F1 score. We have built an online prediction server, CanSavPre ( http://bioinfo.cmu.edu.tw/CanSavPre/ ), which is expected to become a useful, practical tool for cancer research and precision medicine.
Collapse
|
24
|
Luan X, Li S, Zhao J, Zhai J, Liu X, Chen ZJ, Li W, Du Y. Down-regulation of CCR7 via AKT pathway and GATA2 inactivation suppressed trophoblast migration and invasion in recurrent spontaneous abortion†. Biol Reprod 2021; 102:424-433. [PMID: 31504210 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanism of the chemokine-C receptor 7 (CCR7) that leads to aberrant trophoblast migration and invasion in recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) remains unknown. CCR7 is considered crucial for migration and invasion and has been associated with the risk of miscarriage. However, the functional role of CCR7 in RSA is not fully understood. Our study found that CCR7 mRNA and protein abundance were significantly decreased in the villous from RSA patients compared with healthy controls. Knockdown of CCR7 caused a significant reduction of migration and invasion in JAR and JEG-3 cells. Meanwhile, CCR7 functioned as a positive upstream factor of the AKT pathway contributing to the expression of GATA2, promoting trophoblast migration, and invasion via MMP2. Notably, a decreased abundance of CCR7 was positively correlated with the phosphorylation of AKT and with an abundance of GATA2 and MMP2 in human villous specimens of RSA compared with the control group. CCL19, a ligand of CCR7, could promote trophoblast migration and invasion by activating the deregulation of the CCR7-mediated pathway in RSA. We are convinced that CCR7 and its downstream factors may be possible mechanisms for the pathogenesis of RSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Luan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shang Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyu Zhai
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Weiping Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanzhi Du
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wu F, Yang J, Liu J, Wang Y, Mu J, Zeng Q, Deng S, Zhou H. Signaling pathways in cancer-associated fibroblasts and targeted therapy for cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:218. [PMID: 34108441 PMCID: PMC8190181 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00641-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To flourish, cancers greatly depend on their surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME), and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in TME are critical for cancer occurrence and progression because of their versatile roles in extracellular matrix remodeling, maintenance of stemness, blood vessel formation, modulation of tumor metabolism, immune response, and promotion of cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and therapeutic resistance. CAFs are highly heterogeneous stromal cells and their crosstalk with cancer cells is mediated by a complex and intricate signaling network consisting of transforming growth factor-beta, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin, mitogen-activated protein kinase, Wnt, Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription, epidermal growth factor receptor, Hippo, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, etc., signaling pathways. These signals in CAFs exhibit their own special characteristics during the cancer progression and have the potential to be targeted for anticancer therapy. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of these signaling cascades in interactions between cancer cells and CAFs is necessary to fully realize the pivotal roles of CAFs in cancers. Herein, in this review, we will summarize the enormous amounts of findings on the signals mediating crosstalk of CAFs with cancer cells and its related targets or trials. Further, we hypothesize three potential targeting strategies, including, namely, epithelial-mesenchymal common targets, sequential target perturbation, and crosstalk-directed signaling targets, paving the way for CAF-directed or host cell-directed antitumor therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanglong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingtian Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxiang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuzhi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Moafian Z, Maghrouni A, Soltani A, Hashemy SI. Cross-talk between non-coding RNAs and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in colorectal cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4797-4811. [PMID: 34057685 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06458-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third commonest cancer globally, with metastasis being the reason for cancer-associated mortality. Much is still unknown biochemically about CRC, and with current treatments that are not wholly effective over time, new therapeutics are urgently needed. Emerging evidence has shown the importance of non-coding RNAs such as lncRNAs and miRNAs functions in the development and progression of CRC. However, the exact underlying mechanism of these types of RNAs in CRC is still mostly unknown. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway contributes to many cellular processes, and dysregulation of this pathway frequently occurs in cancers. In this review, the authors have mostly focused on the significant non-coding RNAs regulators of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and their contribution to the development or inhibition of CRC and their potential as diagnostic or therapeutic targets in CRC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Moafian
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory (PCL), Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Maghrouni
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Soltani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Raghav PK, Mann Z. Cancer stem cells targets and combined therapies to prevent cancer recurrence. Life Sci 2021; 277:119465. [PMID: 33831426 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) control the dynamics of tumorigenesis by self-renewal ability and differentiation potential. These properties contribute towards tumor malignancy, metastasis, cellular heterogeneity, and immune escape, which are regulated by multiple signaling pathways. The CSCs are chemoresistant and cause cancer recurrence, generally recognized as a small side-population that eventually leads to tumor relapse. Despite many treatment options available, none can be considered entirely efficient due to a lack of specificity and dose limitation. This review primarily highlights the processes involved in CSCs development and maintenance. Secondly, the current effective therapies based on stem cells, cell-free therapies that involve exosomes and miRNAs, and photodynamic therapy have been discussed. Also, the inhibitors that specifically target various signaling pathways, which can be used in combination to control CSCs kinetics have been highlighted. Conclusively, this comprehensive review is a detailed study of recently developed novel treatment strategies that will facilitate in coming up with better-targeted approaches against CSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zoya Mann
- Independent Researcher, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Accumulating evidence strongly indicates that the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) leads to the emergence of worse clinical scenarios, such as chemo- and radiotherapy resistance, metastasis, and cancer recurrence. CSCs are a highly tumorigenic population characterized by self-renewal capacity and differentiation potential. Thus, CSCs establish a hierarchical intratumor organization that enables tumor adaptation to evade the immune response and resist anticancer therapy. YY1 functions as a transcription factor, RNA-binding protein, and 3D chromatin regulator. Thus, YY1 has multiple effects and regulates several molecular processes. Emerging evidence indicates that the development of lethal YY1-mediated cancer phenotypes is associated with the presence of or enrichment in cancer stem-like cells. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate whether and to what extent YY1 regulates the CSC phenotype. Since CSCs mirror the phenotypic behavior of stem cells, we initially describe the roles played by YY1 in embryonic and adult stem cells. Next, we scrutinize evidence supporting the contributions of YY1 in CSCs from a number of various cancer types. Finally, we identify new areas for further investigation into the YY1-CSCs axis, including the participation of YY1 in the CSC niche.
Collapse
|
29
|
mTOR Signaling in Pulmonary Vascular Disease: Pathogenic Role and Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042144. [PMID: 33670032 PMCID: PMC7926633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and fatal disease without a cure. The exact pathogenic mechanisms of PAH are complex and poorly understood, yet a number of abnormally expressed genes and regulatory pathways contribute to sustained vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling of the distal pulmonary arteries. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is one of the major signaling pathways implicated in regulating cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and protein synthesis. Here we will describe the canonical mTOR pathway, structural and functional differences between mTOR complexes 1 and 2, as well as the crosstalk with other important signaling cascades in the development of PAH. The pathogenic role of mTOR in pulmonary vascular remodeling and sustained vasoconstriction due to its contribution to proliferation, migration, phenotypic transition, and gene regulation in pulmonary artery smooth muscle and endothelial cells will be discussed. Despite the progress in our elucidation of the etiology and pathogenesis of PAH over the two last decades, there is a lack of effective therapeutic agents to treat PAH patients representing a significant unmet clinical need. In this review, we will explore the possibility and therapeutic potential to use inhibitors of mTOR signaling cascade to treat PAH.
Collapse
|
30
|
Dong B, Li S, Zhu S, Yi M, Luo S, Wu K. MiRNA-mediated EMT and CSCs in cancer chemoresistance. Exp Hematol Oncol 2021; 10:12. [PMID: 33579377 PMCID: PMC7881653 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-021-00206-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small group of cancer cells, which contribute to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Cancer cells undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) acquire the chemoresistant ability, which is regarded as an important feature of CSCs. Thus, there emerges an opinion that the generation of CSCs is considered to be driven by EMT. In this complex process, microRNAs (miRNAs) are found to play a key role. In order to overcome the drug resistance, inhibiting EMT as well as CSCs phenotype seem feasible. Thereinto, regulating the EMT- or CSCs-associated miRNAs is a crucial approach. Herein, we conduct this review to elaborate on the complicated interplay between EMT and CSCs in cancer chemoresistance, which is modulated by miRNAs. In addition, we elucidate the therapeutic strategy to overcome drug resistance through targeting EMT and CSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Dong
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008 China
| | - Shiyu Li
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Shuangli Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Suxia Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008 China
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008 China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
The emerging role of non-coding RNAs in the regulation of PI3K/AKT pathway in the carcinogenesis process. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111279. [PMID: 33493969 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT pathway is an intracellular signaling pathway with an indispensable impact on cell cycle control. This pathway is functionally related with cell proliferation, cell survival, metabolism, and quiescence. The crucial role of this pathway in the development of cancer has offered this pathway as a target of novel anti-cancer treatments. Recent researches have demonstrated the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in controlling the PI3K/AKT pathway. Some miRNAs such as miR-155-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-125b-5p, miR-126, miR-331-3p and miR-16 inactivate this pathway, while miR-182, miR-106a, miR-193, miR-214, miR-106b, miR-93, miR-21 and miR-103/107 enhance activity of this pathway. Expression levels of PI3K/AKT-associated miRNAs could be used to envisage the survival of cancer patients. Numerous lncRNAs such as GAS5, FER1L4, LINC00628, PICART1, LOC101928316, ADAMTS9-AS2, SLC25A5-AS1, MEG3, AB073614 and SNHG6 interplay with this pathway. Identification of the impact of miRNAs and lncRNAs in the control of the activity of PI3K/AKT pathway would enhance the efficacy of targeted therapies against this pathway. Moreover, each of the mentioned miRNAs and lncRNAs could be used as a putative therapeutic candidate for the interfering with the carcinogenesis. In the current study, we review the role of miRNAs and lncRNAs in controlling the PI3K/AKT pathway and their contribution to carcinogenesis.
Collapse
|
32
|
Xu D, Dong P, Xiong Y, Chen R, Konno Y, Ihira K, Yue J, Watari H. PD-L1 Is a Tumor Suppressor in Aggressive Endometrial Cancer Cells and Its Expression Is Regulated by miR-216a and lncRNA MEG3. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:598205. [PMID: 33363153 PMCID: PMC7755603 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.598205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poorly differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma and serous adenocarcinoma represent an aggressive subtype of endometrial cancer (EC). Programmed death-ligand-1 (PD-L1) was known to exhibit a tumor cell-intrinsic function in mediating immune-independent tumor progression. However, the functional relevance of tumor cell-intrinsic PD-L1 expression in aggressive EC cells and the mechanisms regulating its expression remain unknown. METHODS PD-L1 expression in 65 EC tissues and 18 normal endometrium samples was analyzed using immunohistochemical staining. The effects of PD-L1 on aggressive EC cell growth, migration and invasion were investigated by cell functional assays. Luciferase reporter assays were used to reveal the microRNA-216a (miR-216a)-dependent mechanism modulating the expression of PD-L1. RESULTS Positive PD-L1 expression was identified in 84% of benign cases but only in 12% of the EC samples, and the staining levels of PD-L1 in EC tissues were significantly lower than those in the normal tissues. Higher PD-L1 expression predicts favorable survival in EC. Ectopic expression of PD-L1 in aggressive EC cells results in decreased cell proliferation and the loss of mesenchymal phenotypes. Mechanistically, PD-L1 exerts the anti-tumor effects by downregulating MCL-1 expression. We found that PD-L1 levels in aggressive EC cells are regulated by miR-216a, which directly targets PD-L1. We further identified a mechanism whereby the long non-coding RNA MEG3 represses the expression of miR-216a, thereby leading to increased PD-L1 expression and significant inhibition of cell migration and invasion. CONCLUSION These results reveal an unappreciated tumor cell-intrinsic role for PD-L1 as a tumor suppressor in aggressive EC cells, and identify MEG3 and miR-216a as upstream regulators of PD-L1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daozhi Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Peixin Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Gynecology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Gynecology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yosuke Konno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kei Ihira
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junming Yue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Hidemichi Watari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
In-silico modeling and analysis of the therapeutic potential of miRNA-7 on EGFR associated signaling network involved in breast cancer. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
34
|
Zhao Y, Liu S, Wen Y, Zhong L. Effect of MicroRNA-210 on the Growth of Ovarian Cancer Cells and the Efficacy of Radiotherapy. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2020; 86:71-80. [PMID: 33260174 DOI: 10.1159/000511771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to explore the role of miR-210 in the growth of ovarian cancer cells and the correlation with radiotherapy and to elucidate underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS Human ovarian cancer cell lines OVCAR3 and SKOV3 were cultured in vitro, and miR-210 over-expression and low-expression ovarian cancer cell models were established by cell transfection. MTT assay was used to detect the proliferation activity. Transwell was used to detect the migration and invasion abilities. Western blot measured the expression of proteins related to cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. The cells were treated with different doses of ionizing radiation, and then the cell proliferation activity was detected by MTT. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins was detected by Western blot. The Caspase-Glo® Kit was used to detect the activity of cellular caspase 3/7 enzymes. RESULTS The proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of miR-210 over-expression ovarian cancer cells were increased (p < 0.05), the expressions of PTEN and E-cadherin were decreased, and the expression of p-Protein kinase B (AKT), N-cadherin, Snail, and Vimentin were elevated. After ionizing radiation, the sensitivity of miR-210 over-expression cells to radiotherapy was decreased, the expression of apoptosis-related protein Bax was decreased, the expression of Bcl-2 was increased, and the activity of cellular caspase 3/7 enzyme was reduced (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION miR-210 can promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer cells by activating the AKT signaling pathway and regulating the expression of Epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related proteins. miR-210 can reduce the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to radiotherapy by inhibiting apoptosis, which might serve as a potential target for the treatment of ovarian tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinlong Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shirui Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Wen
- Purchasing Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun Jilin, China
| | - Lili Zhong
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Duică F, Condrat CE, Dănila CA, Boboc AE, Radu MR, Xiao J, Li X, Creţoiu SM, Suciu N, Creţoiu D, Predescu DV. MiRNAs: A Powerful Tool in Deciphering Gynecological Malignancies. Front Oncol 2020; 10:591181. [PMID: 33194751 PMCID: PMC7646292 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.591181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidence on the clinical roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer prevention and control has revealed the emergence of new genetic techniques that have improved the understanding of the mechanisms essential for pathology induction and progression. Comprehension of the modifications and individual differences of miRNAs and their interactions in the pathogenesis of gynecological malignancies, together with an understanding of the phenotypic variations have considerably improved the management of the diagnosis and personalized treatment for different forms of cancer. In recent years, miRNAs have emerged as signaling molecules in biological pathways involved in different categories of cancer and it has been demonstrated that these molecules could regulate cancer-relevant processes, our focus being on malignancies of the gynecologic tract. The aim of this paper is to summarize novel research findings in the literature regarding the parts that miRNAs play in cancer-relevant processes, specifically regarding gynecological malignancy, while emphasizing their pivotal role in the disruption of cancer-related signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Duică
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Elena Condrat
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cezara Alina Dănila
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Elena Boboc
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Raluca Radu
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinli Li
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Sanda Maria Creţoiu
- Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicolae Suciu
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polizu Clinical Hospital, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania.,Obstetrics, Gynecology and Neonatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragoş Creţoiu
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania.,Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragoş-Valentin Predescu
- Department of General Surgery, Sf. Maria Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Regulation of Glycolysis by Non-coding RNAs in Cancer: Switching on the Warburg Effect. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 19:218-239. [PMID: 33251334 PMCID: PMC7666327 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The “Warburg effect” describes the reprogramming of glucose metabolism away from oxidative phosphorylation toward aerobic glycolysis, and it is one of the hallmarks of cancer cells. Several factors can be involved in this process, but in this review, the roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are highlighted in several types of human cancer. ncRNAs, including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, can all affect metabolic enzymes and transcription factors to promote glycolysis and modulate glucose metabolism to enhance the progression of tumors. In particular, the 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways are associated with alterations in ncRNAs. A better understanding of the roles of ncRNAs in the Warburg effect could ultimately lead to new therapeutic approaches for suppressing cancer.
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhang YH, Jin M, Li J, Kong X. Identifying circulating miRNA biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring of lung cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165847. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
|
38
|
Discriminating miRNA Profiles between Endometrioid Well- and Poorly-Differentiated Tumours and Endometrioid and Serous Subtypes of Endometrial Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176071. [PMID: 32842533 PMCID: PMC7504607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The discrimination of different subtypes of endometrial carcinoma (EC) is frequently problematic when using the current histomorphological classification; therefore, new markers for this differentiation are needed. Here, we examined differences in miRNA expression between well- and poorly-differentiated (grades 1 and 3) endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EEC) and between EEC and serous endometrial carcinoma (SEC). The expression of 84 tumour-suppressor miRNAs was analysed by real-time polymerase chain reactions in 62 EC and 20 non-neoplastic endometrial specimens. The potential functions of the differentially expressed miRNAs were determined by bioinformatics analyses. The expression of let-7c-5p, miR-125b-5p, miR-23b-3p, and miR-99a-5p in grade 3 EEC was decreased compared to grade 1 EEC. To discriminate between EEC and SEC, let-7g-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-34a-5p, and miR-497-5p expression was significantly downregulated in SEC. In bioinformatic analyses, miRNAs that could discriminate grade 1 from grade 3 mainly targeted genes involved in PI3K-AKT signaling, whereas miRNAs that could discriminate EEC from SEC targeted genes involved in several signaling pathways, but mainly MAPK signaling. Taken collectively, our results indicate that the activation of certain signaling pathways can be useful in the molecular characterization of EEC and SEC.
Collapse
|
39
|
Xue W, Men S, Liu R. Rotenone restrains the proliferation, motility and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of colon cancer cells and the tumourigenesis in nude mice via PI3K/AKT pathway. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1484-1494. [PMID: 32282954 PMCID: PMC7384028 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rotenone, a toxic rotenoid compound, has anti-tumour effects on several cancers. This study aims to clarify the effect of rotenone on the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration of colon cancer cells and tumourigenesis in nude mice. The present results show that rotenone significantly inhibited the proliferation, promoted the apoptosis, and suppressed the invasion and migration of colon cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Rotenone inhibited PI3K/AKT pathway in LoVo and SW480 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, rotenone regulated the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration and EMT of LoVo and SW480 cells through PI3K/AKT pathway. In colon cancer xenograft mice, rotenone inhibited tumour volume and weight in nude mice, inhibited PI3K/AKT pathway and EMT in vivo. Therefore, rotenone inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration, promoted the apoptosis of colon cancer cells through PI3K/AKT pathway in vitro, and suppressed the tumourigenesis in nude mice in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wusong Xue
- Department of AnoretalDongfang HospitalBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Siye Men
- Department of General SurgeryDongfang HospitalBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Renghai Liu
- Department of AnoretalDongfang HospitalBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sorolla MA, Parisi E, Sorolla A. Determinants of Sensitivity to Radiotherapy in Endometrial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1906. [PMID: 32679719 PMCID: PMC7409033 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the cornerstone treatments for endometrial cancer and has successfully diminished the risk of local recurrences after surgery. However, a considerable percentage of patients suffers tumor relapse due to radioresistance mechanisms. Knowledge about the molecular determinants that confer radioresistance or radiosensitivity in endometrial cancer is still partial, as opposed to other cancers. In this review, we have highlighted different central cellular signaling pathways and processes that are known to modulate response to radiotherapy in endometrial cancer such as PI3K/AKT, MAPK and NF-κB pathways, growth factor receptor signaling, DNA damage repair mechanisms and the immune system. Moreover, we have listed different clinical trials employing targeted therapies against some of the aforementioned signaling pathways and members with radiotherapy. Finally, we have identified the latest advances in radiotherapy that have started being utilized in endometrial cancer, which include modern radiotherapy and radiogenomics. New molecular and genetic studies in association with the analysis of radiation responses in endometrial cancer will assist clinicians in taking suitable decisions for each individual patient and pave the path for personalized radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alba Sorolla
- Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Institute (IRB Lleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.A.S.); (E.P.)
| | - Eva Parisi
- Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Institute (IRB Lleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.A.S.); (E.P.)
| | - Anabel Sorolla
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dong P, Xu D, Xiong Y, Yue J, Ihira K, Konno Y, Watari H. The Expression, Functions and Mechanisms of Circular RNAs in Gynecological Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1472. [PMID: 32512912 PMCID: PMC7352180 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed, endogenous non-coding RNAs and certain circRNAs are linked to human tumors. Owing to their circular form, circRNAs are protected from degradation by exonucleases, and therefore, they are more stable than linear RNAs. Many circRNAs have been shown to sponge microRNAs, interact with RNA-binding proteins, regulate gene transcription, and be translated into proteins. Mounting evidence suggests that circRNAs are dysregulated in cancer tissues and can mediate various signaling pathways, thus affecting tumorigenesis, metastasis, and remodeling of the tumor microenvironment. First, we review the characteristics, biogenesis, and biological functions of circRNAs, and describe various mechanistic models of circRNAs. Then, we provide a systematic overview of the functional roles of circRNAs in gynecological cancers. Finally, we describe the potential future applications of circRNAs as biomarkers for prognostic stratification and as therapeutic targets in gynecological cancers. Although the function of most circRNAs remains elusive, some individual circRNAs have biologically relevant functions in cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and endometrial cancer. Certain circRNAs have the potential to serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in gynecological cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan; (D.X.); (K.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Daozhi Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan; (D.X.); (K.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Gynecology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China;
| | - Junming Yue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Kei Ihira
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan; (D.X.); (K.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yosuke Konno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan; (D.X.); (K.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Hidemichi Watari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan; (D.X.); (K.I.); (Y.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Quan MY, Guo Q, Liu J, Yang R, Bai J, Wang W, Cai Y, Han R, Lv YQ, Ding L, Billadeau DD, Lou Z, Bellusci S, Li X, Zhang JS. An FGFR/AKT/SOX2 Signaling Axis Controls Pancreatic Cancer Stemness. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:287. [PMID: 32457900 PMCID: PMC7221133 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stemness is associated with high malignancy and low differentiation, as well as therapeutic resistance of tumors including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) exert pleiotropic effects on a variety of cellular processes and functions including embryonic stem cell pluripotency and cancer cell stemness via the activation of four tyrosine kinase FGF receptors (FGFRs). FGF ligands have been a major component of the cocktail of growth factors contained in the cancer stemness-inducing (CSI) and organoid culture medium. Although FGF/FGFR signaling has been hypothesized to maintain cancer stemness, its function in this process is still unclear. We report that inhibition of FGF/FGFR signaling impairs sphere-forming ability of PDAC in vitro, and knocking down FGFR1 and FGFR2 decreased their tumorigenesis abilities in vivo. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that SOX2 is down-regulated upon loss of FGFR signaling. The overexpression of SOX2 in SOX2-negative cells, which normally do not display stemness capabilities, is sufficient to induce spheroid formation. Additionally, we found that AKT phosphorylation was reduced upon FGFR signaling inhibition. The inhibition of AKT using specific pharmacological inhibitors in the context of CSI medium leads to the loss of spheroid formation associated with loss of SOX2 nuclear expression and increased degradation. We demonstrate that an FGFR/AKT/SOX2 axis controls cancer stemness in PDAC and therefore may represent an important therapeutic target in the fight against this very aggressive form of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yu Quan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ruo Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing Bai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yaxin Cai
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Rui Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu-Qing Lv
- Center for Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Li Ding
- Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Daniel D Billadeau
- Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Zhenkun Lou
- Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Member of the German Lung Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ozaki Tan SJ, Floriano JF, Nicastro L, Emanueli C, Catapano F. Novel Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Exosomes for Myocardial Infarction Therapeutics. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E707. [PMID: 32370160 PMCID: PMC7277090 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally, representing approximately a third of all deaths every year. The greater part of these cases is represented by myocardial infarction (MI), or heart attack as it is better known, which occurs when declining blood flow to the heart causes injury to cardiac tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that represent a promising vector for cell therapies that aim to treat MI due to their potent regenerative effects. However, it remains unclear the extent to which MSC-based therapies are able to induce regeneration in the heart and even less clear the degree to which clinical outcomes could be improved. Exosomes, which are small extracellular vesicles (EVs) known to have implications in intracellular communication, derived from MSCs (MSC-Exos), have recently emerged as a novel cell-free vector that is capable of conferring cardio-protection and regeneration in target cardiac cells. In this review, we assess the current state of research of MSC-Exos in the context of MI. In particular, we place emphasis on the mechanisms of action by which MSC-Exos accomplish their therapeutic effects, along with commentary on the current difficulties faced with exosome research and the ongoing clinical applications of stem-cell derived exosomes in different medical contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sho Joseph Ozaki Tan
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; (S.J.O.T.); (J.F.F.); (L.N.)
| | - Juliana Ferreria Floriano
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; (S.J.O.T.); (J.F.F.); (L.N.)
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618687, Brazil
| | - Laura Nicastro
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; (S.J.O.T.); (J.F.F.); (L.N.)
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; (S.J.O.T.); (J.F.F.); (L.N.)
| | - Francesco Catapano
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; (S.J.O.T.); (J.F.F.); (L.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kato M, Onoyama I, Yoshida S, Cui L, Kawamura K, Kodama K, Hori E, Matsumura Y, Yagi H, Asanoma K, Yahata H, Itakura A, Takeda S, Kato K. Dual-specificity phosphatase 6 plays a critical role in the maintenance of a cancer stem-like cell phenotype in human endometrial cancer. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:1987-1999. [PMID: 32159851 PMCID: PMC7496376 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis of patients with high‐grade or advanced‐stage endometrial cancer remains poor. As cancer stem‐like cells (CSCs) are thought to be associated with endometrial cancers, it is essential to investigate the molecular mechanisms that regulate endometrial CSCs. Dual‐specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6) functions as a negative‐feedback regulator of MAPK–ERK1/2 signaling, but its role in endometrial cancer remains unknown. We investigated whether DUSP6 is involved in cancer cell stemness using endometrial cancer cell lines and specimens from endometrial cancer patients. DUSP6 induced the expression of CSC‐related genes including ALDH1, Nanog, SOX2 and Oct4A, increased the population of cells in the G0/G1 phase, and promoted sphere formation ability. DUSP6 knockdown resulted in reduced cell invasion and metastasis, whereas DUSP6 overexpression inhibited apoptosis under serum‐free conditions. Moreover, DUSP6 decreased phosphorylated ERK1/2 and increased phosphorylated Akt levels, which potentially induces CSC features. In patients with endometrial cancers, DUSP6 expression was determined using immunohistochemistry, and based on the results, the patients were dichotomized into high‐ and low‐DUSP6‐expression groups. Progression‐free survival and overall survival were significantly shorter in the high‐DUSP6‐expression group. These results suggest that DUSP6 has potential value as a biomarker of CSCs and as a target of therapies designed to eliminate CSCs in endometrial cancer. What's new? Although cancer stem‐like cells (CSCs) are involved in human endometrial cancers, the underlying molecular mechanisms and biomarkers for CSCs in endometrial cancers remain elusive. Here, the authors found that DUSP6 plays an important role in regulating endometrial CSC phenotypes by increasing self‐renewal ability and starvation resistance. DUSP6 expression was required for inducing invasion and metastasis and resulted in ERK1/2 dephosphorylation and Akt phosphorylation, which potentially contribute to the promotion of CSC phenotypes. As DUSP6 expression was also positively associated with worse progression‐free and overall survival, DUSP6 represents a potential biomarker for endometrial CSCs and a therapeutic target in endometrial cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySchool of Medical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySchool of Medical Sciences, Juntendo UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Ichiro Onoyama
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySchool of Medical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Sachiko Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySchool of Medical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Lin Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySchool of Medical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Keiko Kawamura
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySchool of Medical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Keisuke Kodama
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySchool of Medical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Emiko Hori
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySchool of Medical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yumiko Matsumura
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySchool of Medical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Yagi
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySchool of Medical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Kazuo Asanoma
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySchool of Medical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Hideaki Yahata
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySchool of Medical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Atsuo Itakura
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySchool of Medical Sciences, Juntendo UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Satoru Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySchool of Medical Sciences, Juntendo UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Kiyoko Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySchool of Medical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wu W, Xi W, Li H, Yang M, Yao X. Circular RNA circ‑ACACA regulates proliferation, migration and glycolysis in non‑small‑cell lung carcinoma via miR‑1183 and PI3K/PKB pathway. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:1814-1824. [PMID: 32236577 PMCID: PMC7169939 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) accounts for 85% of all lung cancers and the five-year survival rate is ~1% in the late stage. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) were reported to be involved in the progression of diverse human cancers. However, the role of circ-ACACA in NSCLC progression remains elusive. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was conducted to detect the expression levels of circ-ACACA and microRNA (miR)-1183 in NSCLC tissues and cells. A Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and transwell assay were employed to check proliferation and migration, respectively. Metabolic alternations in NSCLC cells were monitored by the Seahorse XFe96 analyzer. The protein levels of cellular myelocytomatosis, matrix metallopeptidase 9, glucose transporter 1, phosphatase and tensin homolog, phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K), phosphorylated PI3K (p-PI3K), protein kinase B (PKB) and p-PKB in samples were measured by western blotting. The interaction between circ-ACACA and miR-1183 was predicted by circular RNA Interactome, which was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation assay and RNA pull-down assay. Xenograft tumor model was established to investigate the biological roles of circ-ACACA in vivo. The level of circ-ACACA was markedly upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cells, which was contrary to the expres-sion of miR-1183. Knockdown of circ-ACACA inhibited proliferation and migration of NSCLC cells and also reduced the glycolysis rate. In addition, miR-1183 was a target of circ-ACACA and its downregulation reversed circ-ACACA silencing-mediated inhibitory impact on NSCLC progression. Further studies indicated that circ-ACACA regulated the PI3K/PKB pathway through interacting with miR-1183 and downregulation of circ-ACACA suppressed tumor growth. Knockdown of circ-ACACA impeded NSCLC progression by sponging miR-1183 and inactivating the PI3K/PKB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wu
- Department of Oncology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xi
- Department of Oncology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Li
- Department of Oncology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Mengxiang Yang
- Department of Oncology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Xialei Yao
- Department of Oncology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ba MC, Ba Z, Long H, Cui SZ, Gong YF, Yan ZF, Lin KP, Wu YB, Tu YN. LncRNA AC093818.1 accelerates gastric cancer metastasis by epigenetically promoting PDK1 expression. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:64. [PMID: 31988283 PMCID: PMC6985138 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly prevalent type of metastatic tumor. The mechanisms underlying GC metastasis are poorly understood. Some long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) reportedly play key roles in regulating metastasis of GC. However, the biological roles of five natural antisense lncRNAs (AC093818.1, CTD-2541M15.1, BC047644, RP11-597M12.1, and RP11-40A13.1) in GC metastasis remain unclear. In this study, the expression of these lncRNAs was measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Migration and invasion were evaluated by wound-healing and the Transwell assay, respectively. Stable cells were injected into the tail veins of nude mice. Sections of collected lung and liver tissues were stained using hematoxylin and eosin. Protein expression was analyzed by western blot. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay was used to verify whether the STAT3 and SP1 transcription factors bound to AC093818.1 in GC cells. Expression levels of the five lncRNAs, especially AC093818.1, were significantly upregulated in metastatic GC tissues relative to those in nonmetastatic GC tissues. AC093818.1 expression was correlated with invasion, lymphatic metastasis, distal metastasis, and tumor-node-metastasis stage. AC093818.1 expression was highly sensitive and specific in the diagnosis of metastatic or nonmetastatic GC. AC093818.1 overexpression promoted GC migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. AC093818.1 overexpression increased PDK1, p-AKT1, and p-mTOR expression levels. AC093818.1 silencing decreased these expressions. AC093818.1 bound to transcription factors STAT3 and SP1, and SP1 or STAT3 silencing could alleviated the effect of AC093818.1 overexpression. The data demonstrate that lncRNA AC093818.1 accelerates gastric cancer metastasis by epigenetically promoting PDK1 expression. LncRNA AC093818.1 may be a potential therapeutic target for metastatic GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chen Ba
- Intracelom Hyperthermic Perfusion Therapy Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, P.R. China.
| | - Zheng Ba
- Intensive Care Unit, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
| | - Hui Long
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Dermatology Institute, Guangzhou, 510095, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Zhong Cui
- Intracelom Hyperthermic Perfusion Therapy Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Feng Gong
- Intracelom Hyperthermic Perfusion Therapy Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Fei Yan
- Intracelom Hyperthermic Perfusion Therapy Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, P.R. China
| | - Kun-Peng Lin
- Intracelom Hyperthermic Perfusion Therapy Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, P.R. China
| | - Yin-Bing Wu
- Intracelom Hyperthermic Perfusion Therapy Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Nuo Tu
- Intracelom Hyperthermic Perfusion Therapy Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Yao J, Xu G, Zhu L, Zheng H. circGFRA1 Enhances NSCLC Progression by Sponging miR-188-3p. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:549-558. [PMID: 32021297 PMCID: PMC6980840 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s230795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer continues to be one of the most dangerous tumors around the world. It is an urgency to explore the molecular mechanism of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression for developing novel therapeutic approaches. Circular RNA (circRNA) is a novel type of non-coding RNA with a stable closed loop structure. Abnormally expressed circRNAs have been found in many kinds of cancer including NSCLC. Methods and Results The expression of circGFRA1 and miR-188-3p was detected in NSCLC tissues by RT-qPCR and it was found that circGFRA1 was highly expressed and miR-183-3p was lowly expressed in NSCLC tissues. In NSCLC cell lines, we confirmed that circGFRA1 acted as an miR-188-3p sponge using dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) analysis. Overexpression of cirGFRA1 enhanced NSCLC progression while miR-188-3p overexpression inhibited it by CCK8 and colony formation analysis. In vivo tumor xenograft model, circGFRA1 and miR-188-3p synergistically regulated the proliferation of NSCLC tumors. Mechanistic study indicated that circGFRA1 and miR-188-3p regulated the proliferation of NSCLC cells at least through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Conclusion Our study elaborated a novel circGFRA-miR-188-3p-PI3K/AKT regulatory pathway, providing a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanxin Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Heqing Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yueqing People's Hospital, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Giannone G, Attademo L, Scotto G, Genta S, Ghisoni E, Tuninetti V, Aglietta M, Pignata S, Valabrega G. Endometrial Cancer Stem Cells: Role, Characterization and Therapeutic Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1820. [PMID: 31752447 PMCID: PMC6896186 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most frequent gynecological cancer. In patients with relapsed and advanced disease, prognosis is still dismal and development of resistance is common. In this context, endometrial Cancer Stem Cells (eCSC), stem-like cells capable to self-renewal and differentiation in mature cancer cells, represent a potential field of expansion for drug development. The aim of this review is to characterize the role of eCSC in EC, their features and how they could be targeted. CSC are involved in progression, invasiveness and metastasis (though epithelial to mesenchimal transition, EMT), as well as chemoresistance in EC. Nevertheless, isolation of eCSC is still controversial. Indeed, CD133, Aldheyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), CD117, CD55 and CD44 are enriched in CSCs but there is no universal marker nowadays. The most frequently activated pathways in eCSC are Wingless-INT (Wnt)/β-catenin, Notch1, and Hedghog, with a high expression of self-renewal transcription factors like Octamer binding transcription factor 4 (OCT), B Lymphoma Mo-MLV Insertion Region 1 Homolog (BMI1), North American Network Operations Group Homebox protein (NANOG), and SRY-Box 2 (SOX2). These pathways have been targeted with selective drugs alone or in combination with chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Unfortunately, although preclinical results are encouraging, few clinical data are available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Giannone
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (S.G.); (E.G.); (V.T.); (M.A.); (G.V.)
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS - Str. Prov.le 142, km. 3,95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Laura Attademo
- Department of Urology and Gynecology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale Napoli, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (L.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Giulia Scotto
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (S.G.); (E.G.); (V.T.); (M.A.); (G.V.)
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS - Str. Prov.le 142, km. 3,95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Sofia Genta
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (S.G.); (E.G.); (V.T.); (M.A.); (G.V.)
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS - Str. Prov.le 142, km. 3,95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Eleonora Ghisoni
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (S.G.); (E.G.); (V.T.); (M.A.); (G.V.)
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS - Str. Prov.le 142, km. 3,95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Valentina Tuninetti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (S.G.); (E.G.); (V.T.); (M.A.); (G.V.)
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS - Str. Prov.le 142, km. 3,95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Massimo Aglietta
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (S.G.); (E.G.); (V.T.); (M.A.); (G.V.)
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS - Str. Prov.le 142, km. 3,95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Sandro Pignata
- Department of Urology and Gynecology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale Napoli, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (L.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Giorgio Valabrega
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (S.G.); (E.G.); (V.T.); (M.A.); (G.V.)
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS - Str. Prov.le 142, km. 3,95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Liu Z, Yu S, Ye S, Shen Z, Gao L, Han Z, Zhang P, Luo F, Chen S, Kang M. Keratin 17 activates AKT signalling and induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Proteomics 2019; 211:103557. [PMID: 31669361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an aggressive malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Lack of effective early diagnosis strategies and ensuing complications from tumour metastasis account for the majority of ESCC death. Thus, identification of key molecular targets involved in ESCC carcinogenesis and progression is crucial for ESCC prognosis. In this study, four pairs of ESCC tissues were used for mRNA sequencing to determine differentially expressed genes (DEGs). 347 genes were found to be upregulated whereas 255 genes downregulated. By screening DEGs plus bioinformatics analyses such as KEGG, PPI and IPA, we found that there were independent interactions between KRT family members. KRT17 upregulation was confirmed in ESCC and its relationship with clinicopathological features were analysed. KRT17 was significantly associated with ESCC histological grade, lymph node and distant metastasis, TNM stage and five-year survival rate. Upregulation of KRT17 promoted ESCC cell growth, migration, and lung metastasis. Mechanistically, we found that KRT17-promoted ESCC cell growth and migration was accompanied by activation of AKT signalling and induction of EMT. These findings suggested that KRT17 is significantly related to malignant progression and poor prognosis of ESCC patients, and it may serve as a new biological target for ESCC therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: Oesophageal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide and oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the major histological type of oesophageal cancer in Eastern Asia. However, the molecular basis for the development and progression of ESCC remains largely unknown. In this study, RNA sequencing was used to establish the whole-transcriptome profile in ESCC tissues versus the adjacent non-cancer tissues and the results were bioinformatically analysed to predict the roles of the identified differentially expressed genes. We found that upregulation of KRT17 was significantly associated with advanced clinical stage, lymph node and distant metastasis, TNM stage and poor clinical outcome. Keratin 17 (KRT17) upregulation in ESCC cells not only promoted cell proliferation but also increased invasion and metastasis accompanied with AKT activation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). These data suggested that KRT17 played an important role in ESCC development and progression and may serve as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in ESCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhun Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Shaobin Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Shuting Ye
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Zhimin Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Ziyang Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Fei Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Sui Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China.
| | - Mingqiang Kang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China; Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Li J, Ke J, Fang J, Chen JP. A potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target: SPOCK1 promotes the proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:743-754. [PMID: 31478239 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a common malignancy originated from the digestive system worldwide, has a poor clinical outcome. SPOCK1 is a widely investigated member of the Ca2+ -binding proteoglycan family and functions as an essential driver in several cancers. However, the complex regulatory role of SPOCK1 in PDAC is unclear. Bioinformatics analysis predicted an interrelationship between increased SPOCK1 expression and the clinical characteristics of patients with PDAC. The SPOCK1 expression levels in fresh tissue samples were confirmed, and SPOCK1 expression was then knocked down by lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA. Cell proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis were detected through Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation assays, invasion and migration assays, flow cytometric analysis, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot experiment. On the basis of the Cancer Genome Atlas database, we found a significantly higher level of SPOCK1 in PDAC than in adjacent nontumor tissues. Patients with PDAC with high SPOCK1 expression exhibited shorter overall survival time, as well as disease-free survival time. The knockdown of SPOCK1 significantly decreased the proliferation and metastasis of PCNA-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cells. Moreover, the knockdown of SPOCK1 led to cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and increased the proportion of apoptotic PDAC cells by regulating members of the caspase and Bcl-2 families. Our data proved that SPOCK1 is a critical regulator of tumor proliferation and metastasis in PDAC cells. Therefore, SPOCK1 might be a potential prognostic and therapeutic target molecule in PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Laboratory of General Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jing Ke
- Laboratory of General Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jun Fang
- Laboratory of General Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jin-Peng Chen
- Laboratory of General Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| |
Collapse
|