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Kondoh N, Mizuno-Kamiya M. The Role of Immune Modulatory Cytokines in the Tumor Microenvironments of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122884. [PMID: 35740551 PMCID: PMC9221278 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Malignant phenotypes of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are regulated by the pro- and anti-tumoral activities of immune modulatory cytokines associated with tumor microenvironments (TMEs). We first present the immune modulatory effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines, pro- and anti- (pro-/anti-) inflammatory cytokines, and anti-inflammatory cytokines upon HNSCC phenotypes. We then report our evaluation of the functions of cytokines and chemokines that mediate the crosstalk between tumors and stromal cells, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). In HNSCCs, the status of lymph node metastasis is an important hallmark of a worse prognosis. Several chemokines mediate lymph node metastases in HNSCC patients. There are therapeutic approaches, using antitumoral cytokines or immunotherapies, that target cytokines, chemokines, or signal molecules essential for the immune evasion of HNSCCs. Finally, modulation by human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in HNSCC phenotypes and the prognostic significance of serum cytokine levels in HNSCC patients are discussed. Abstract HNSCCs are the major progressive malignancy of the upper digestive and respiratory organs. Malignant phenotypes of HNSCCs are regulated by the pro- and anti-tumoral activities of the immune modulatory cytokines associated with TMEs, i.e., a representative pro-inflammatory cytokine, interferon (IFN)-γ, plays a role as an anti-tumor regulator against HNSCCs; however, IFN-γ also drives programmed death-ligand (PD-L) 1 expression to promote cancer stem cells. Interleukin (IL)-2 promotes the cytotoxic activity of T cells and natural killer cells; however, endogenous IL-2 can promote regulatory T cells (Tregs), resulting in the protection of HNSCCs. In this report, we first classified and mentioned the immune modulatory aspects of pro-inflammatory cytokines, pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines, and anti-inflammatory cytokines upon HNSCC phenotypes. In the TME of HNSCCs, pro-tumoral immune modulation is mediated by stromal cells, including CAFs, MDSCs, pDCs, and TAMs. Therefore, we evaluated the functions of cytokines and chemokines that mediate the crosstalk between tumor cells and stromal cells. In HNSCCs, the status of lymph node metastasis is an important hallmark of a worse prognosis. We therefore evaluated the possibility of chemokines mediating lymph node metastases in HNSCC patients. We also mention therapeutic approaches using anti-tumoral cytokines or immunotherapies that target cytokines, chemokines, or signal molecules essential for the immune evasion of HNSCCs. We finally discuss modulation by HPV infection upon HNSCC phenotypes, as well as the prognostic significance of serum cytokine levels in HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Kondoh
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho 501-0296, Gifu, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-58-329-1416; Fax: +81-58-329-1417
| | - Masako Mizuno-Kamiya
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Business Administration, Asahi University School of Business Administration, Mizuho 501-0296, Gifu, Japan;
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2
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Kimura A, Kosumi H, Natsuga K, Goda T, Ujiie H. Acquired perforating dermatosis induced by necitumumab. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:e822-e823. [PMID: 35686644 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Kimura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - H Kosumi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - K Natsuga
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - T Goda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - H Ujiie
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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3
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Aoki T, Nishida N, Kudo M. Current Perspectives on the Immunosuppressive Niche and Role of Fibrosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and the Development of Antitumor Immunity. J Histochem Cytochem 2022; 70:53-81. [PMID: 34751050 PMCID: PMC8721576 DOI: 10.1369/00221554211056853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have become the mainstay of treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, they are ineffective in some cases. Previous studies have reported that genetic alterations in oncogenic pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin are the important triggers in HCC for primary refractoriness. T-cell exhaustion has been reported in various tumors and is likely to play a prominent role in the emergence of HCC due to chronic inflammation and cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction. Immunosuppressive cells including regulatory T-cells and tumor-associated macrophages infiltrating the tumor are associated with hyperprogressive disease in the early stages of immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment. In addition, stellate cells and tumor-associated fibroblasts create an abundant desmoplastic environment by producing extracellular matrix. This strongly contributes to epithelial to mesenchymal transition via signaling activities including transforming growth factor beta, Wnt/β-catenin, and Hippo pathway. The abundant desmoplastic environment has been demonstrated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma to suppress cytotoxic T-cell infiltration, PD-L1 expression, and neoantigen expression, resulting in a highly immunosuppressive niche. It is possible that a similar immunosuppressive environment is created in HCC with advanced fibrosis in the background liver. Although sufficient understanding is required for the establishment of immune therapies of HCC, further investigations are still required in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Aoki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Naoshi Nishida
- Naoshi Nishida, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-Sayama 589-8511, Japan. E-mail:
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
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4
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Nkune NW, Simelane NWN, Montaseri H, Abrahamse H. Photodynamic Therapy-Mediated Immune Responses in Three-Dimensional Tumor Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12618. [PMID: 34884424 PMCID: PMC8657498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising non-invasive phototherapeutic approach for cancer therapy that can eliminate local tumor cells and produce systemic antitumor immune responses. In recent years, significant efforts have been made in developing strategies to further investigate the immune mechanisms triggered by PDT. The majority of in vitro experimental models still rely on the two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures that do not mimic a three-dimensional (3D) cellular environment in the human body, such as cellular heterogeneity, nutrient gradient, growth mechanisms, and the interaction between cells as well as the extracellular matrix (ECM) and therapeutic resistance to anticancer treatments. In addition, in vivo animal studies are highly expensive and time consuming, which may also show physiological discrepancies between animals and humans. In this sense, there is growing interest in the utilization of 3D tumor models, since they precisely mimic different features of solid tumors. This review summarizes the characteristics and techniques for 3D tumor model generation. Furthermore, we provide an overview of innate and adaptive immune responses induced by PDT in several in vitro and in vivo tumor models. Future perspectives are highlighted for further enhancing PDT immune responses as well as ideal experimental models for antitumor immune response studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa; (N.W.N.); (N.W.N.S.); (H.M.)
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5
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Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition-Derived Heterogeneity in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215355. [PMID: 34771518 PMCID: PMC8582421 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are common malignancies with considerable morbidity and a high death toll worldwide. Resistance towards multi-modal therapy modalities composed of surgery, irradiation, chemo- and immunotherapy represents a major obstacle in the efficient treatment of HNSCC patients. Patients frequently show nodal metastases at the time of diagnosis and endure early relapses, oftentimes in the form of local recurrences. Differentiation programs such as the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) allow individual tumor cells to adopt cellular functions that are central to the development of metastases and treatment resistance. In the present review article, the molecular basis and regulation of EMT and its impact on the progression of HNSCC will be addressed. Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are common tumors with a poor overall prognosis. Poor survival is resulting from limited response to multi-modal therapy, high incidence of metastasis, and local recurrence. Treatment includes surgery, radio(chemo)therapy, and targeted therapy specific for EGFR and immune checkpoint inhibition. The understanding of the molecular basis for the poor outcome of HNSCC was improved using multi-OMICs approaches, which revealed a strong degree of inter- and intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) at the level of DNA mutations, transcriptome, and (phospho)proteome. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) identified RNA-expression signatures related to cell cycle, cell stress, hypoxia, epithelial differentiation, and a partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (pEMT). The latter signature was correlated to nodal involvement and adverse clinical features. Mechanistically, shifts towards a mesenchymal phenotype equips tumor cells with migratory and invasive capacities and with an enhanced resistance to standard therapy. Hence, gradual variations of EMT as observed in HNSCC represent a potent driver of tumor progression that could open new paths to improve the stratification of patients and to innovate approaches to break therapy resistance. These aspects of molecular heterogeneity will be discussed in the present review.
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6
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Pacheco-Torres J, Penet MF, Mironchik Y, Krishnamachary B, Bhujwalla ZM. The PD-L1 metabolic interactome intersects with choline metabolism and inflammation. Cancer Metab 2021; 9:10. [PMID: 33608051 PMCID: PMC7893974 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-021-00245-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Harnessing the power of the immune system by using immune checkpoint inhibitors has resulted in some of the most exciting advances in cancer treatment. The full potential of this approach has, however, not been fully realized for treating many cancers such as pancreatic and breast cancer. Cancer metabolism influences many aspects of cancer progression including immune surveillance. An expanded understanding of how cancer metabolism can directly impact immune checkpoints may allow further optimization of immunotherapy. We therefore investigated, for the first time, the relationship between the overexpression of choline kinase-α (Chk-α), an enzyme observed in most cancers, and the expression of the immune checkpoint PD-L1. Methods We used small interfering RNA to downregulate Chk-α, PD-L1, or both in two triple-negative human breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and SUM-149) and two human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines (Pa09C and Pa20C). The effects of the downregulation were studied at the genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic levels. The findings were compared with the results obtained by the analysis of public data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program. Results We identified an inverse dependence between Chk-α and PD-L1 at the genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic levels. We also found that prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX-2) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) play an important role in this relationship. We independently confirmed this relationship in human cancers by analyzing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program. Conclusions Our data identified previously unknown roles of PD-L1 in cancer cell metabolic reprogramming, and revealed the immunosuppressive increased PD-L1 effect of Chk-α downregulation. These data suggest that PD-L1 regulation of metabolism may be mediated through Chk-α, COX-2, and TGF-β. The observations provide new insights that can be applied to the rational design of combinatorial therapies targeting immune checkpoints and cancer metabolism. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40170-021-00245-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Pacheco-Torres
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Rm 208C Traylor Building, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Marie-France Penet
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Rm 208C Traylor Building, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yelena Mironchik
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Rm 208C Traylor Building, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Balaji Krishnamachary
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Rm 208C Traylor Building, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Zaver M Bhujwalla
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Rm 208C Traylor Building, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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7
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Strait AA, Wang XJ. The role of transforming growth factor-beta in immune suppression and chronic inflammation of squamous cell carcinomas. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:745-753. [PMID: 32301180 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite a decline in the incidence of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) over the past 20 years, their survival rate has remained nearly the same, indicating that treatment options have not improved relative to other cancer types. Immunotherapies have a high potential for a sustained effect in SCC patients, but their response rate is low. Here, we review the suppressive role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) on the antitumor immune response in SCC and present its potential as a therapeutic target in combination with the current range of immunotherapies available for SCC patients. We conclude that SCCs are an optimal cancer type to study the effectiveness of TGFβ inhibition due to the prevalence of dysregulated TGFβ signaling in them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Strait
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, Colorado
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8
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Preclinical and Clinical Evidence of Immune Responses Triggered in Oncologic Photodynamic Therapy: Clinical Recommendations. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020333. [PMID: 31991650 PMCID: PMC7074240 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an anticancer strategy utilizing light-mediated activation of a photosensitizer (PS) which has accumulated in tumor and/or surrounding vasculature. Upon activation, the PS mediates tumor destruction through the generation of reactive oxygen species and tumor-associated vasculature damage, generally resulting in high tumor cure rates. In addition, a PDT-induced immune response against the tumor has been documented in several studies. However, some contradictory results have been reported as well. With the aim of improving the understanding and awareness of the immunological events triggered by PDT, this review focuses on the immunological effects post-PDT, described in preclinical and clinical studies. The reviewed preclinical evidence indicates that PDT is able to elicit a local inflammatory response in the treated site, which can develop into systemic antitumor immunity, providing long-term tumor growth control. Nevertheless, this aspect of PDT has barely been explored in clinical studies. It is clear that further understanding of these events can impact the design of more potent PDT treatments. Based on the available preclinical knowledge, recommendations are given to guide future clinical research to gain valuable information on the immune response induced by PDT. Such insights directly obtained from cancer patients can only improve the success of PDT treatment, either alone or in combination with immunomodulatory approaches.
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9
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Misawa K, Mima M, Satoshi Y, Imai A, Mochizuki D, Ishikawa R, Kita J, Yamaguchi Y, Endo S, Misawa Y, Mineta H. Prostanoid receptor genes confer poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma via epigenetic inactivation. J Transl Med 2020; 18:31. [PMID: 31969157 PMCID: PMC6977280 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02214-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic inflammation is a risk factor for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and other diseases. Prostanoid receptors are clearly involved in the development of many types of cancer. However, their role is not simple and is poorly understood in HNSCC. Methods Methylation profiles of prostanoid receptor family genes were generated for tumour samples obtained from 274 patients with HNSCC, including 69 hypopharynx, 51 larynx, 79 oral cavity, and 75 oropharynx tumour samples, by quantitative methylation-specific PCR. Promoter methylation was then evaluated with respect to various clinical characteristics and patient survival. Results The mean number of methylated genes per sample was 2.05 ± 2.59 (range 0 to 9). Promoters of PTGDR1, PTGDR2, PTGER1, PTGER2, PTGER3, PTGER4, PTGFR, PTGIR, and TBXA2R were methylated in 43.8%, 18.2%, 25.5%, 17.5%, 41.2%, 8.0%, 19.3%, 20.4%, and 11.3% of the samples, respectively. Methylation indices for prostanoid receptor family genes tended to be higher as the number of TET methylation events increased. Patients with 5–9 methylated genes had a significantly lower survival rate than that of patients with 0–4 methylated genes (log-rank test, P= 0.007). In multivariate analyses, PTGDR1 methylation was most highly correlated with recurrence in patients with hypopharyngeal cancer (P = 0.014). A similar correlation was observed for PTGER4 in patients with laryngeal cancer (P = 0.046). Methylation of the PTGIR and TBXA2R promoters was positively correlated with recurrence in oropharyngeal cancer (P = 0.028 and P = 0.006, respectively). Moreover, Patients with 5–9 methylated genes were extremely lower of 5hmC levels (P = 0.035) and was correlated with increasing expression of DNMT3A and DNMT3B (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively). Conclusion We characterised the relationship between the methylation status of prostanoid receptor genes and recurrence in HNSCC. These results provide new perspectives for the development of molecular targeted treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Misawa
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan.
| | - Masato Mima
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yamada Satoshi
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Imai
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Daiki Mochizuki
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Ryuji Ishikawa
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Junya Kita
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Shiori Endo
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yuki Misawa
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mineta
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
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Aldawsari HM, Gorain B, Alhakamy NA, Md S. Role of therapeutic agents on repolarisation of tumour-associated macrophage to halt lung cancer progression. J Drug Target 2019; 28:166-175. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1648478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hibah M. Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bapi Gorain
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadab Md
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Chen YQ, Li PC, Pan N, Gao R, Wen ZF, Zhang TY, Huang F, Wu FY, Ou XL, Zhang JP, Zhu XJ, Hu HM, Chen K, Cai YL, Wang LX. Tumor-released autophagosomes induces CD4 + T cell-mediated immunosuppression via a TLR2-IL-6 cascade. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:178. [PMID: 31300052 PMCID: PMC6625067 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0646-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD4+ T cells are critical effectors of anti-tumor immunity, but how tumor cells influence CD4+ T cell effector function is not fully understood. Tumor cell-released autophagosomes (TRAPs) are being recognized as critical modulators of host anti-tumor immunity during tumor progression. Here, we explored the mechanistic aspects of TRAPs in the modulation of CD4+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment. METHODS TRAPs isolated from tumor cell lines and pleural effusions or ascites of cancer patients were incubated with CD4+ T cells to examine the function and mechanism of TRAPs in CD4+ T cell differentiation and function. TRAPs-elicited CD4+ T cells were tested for their suppression of effector T cell function, induction of regulatory B cells, and promotion of tumorigenesis and metastasis in a mouse model. RESULTS Heat shock protein 90α (HSP90α) on the surface of TRAPs from malignant effusions of cancer patients and tumor cell lines stimulated CD4+ T cell production of IL-6 via a TLR2-MyD88-NF-κB signal cascade. TRAPs-induced autocrine IL-6 further promoted CD4+ T cells secretion of IL-10 and IL-21 via STAT3. Notably, TRAPs-elicited CD4+ T cells inhibited CD4+ and CD8+ effector T cell function in an IL-6- and IL-10-dependent manner and induced IL-10-producing regulatory B cells (Bregs) via IL-6, IL-10 and IL-21, thereby promoting tumor growth and metastasis. Consistently, inhibition of tumor autophagosome formation or IL-6 secretion by CD4+ T cells markedly retarded tumor growth. Furthermore, B cell or CD4+ T cell depletion impeded tumor growth by increasing effector T cell function. CONCLUSIONS HSP90α on the surface of TRAPs programs the immunosuppressive functions of CD4+ T cells to promote tumor growth and metastasis. TRAPs or their membrane-bound HSP90α represent important therapeutic targets to reverse cancer-associated immunosuppression and improve immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qiang Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ning Pan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Rong Gao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhi-Fa Wen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Tian-Yu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xi-Long Ou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jin-Ping Zhang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xue-Jun Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Hong-Ming Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Mucosal Immunology Studies Team, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yun-Lang Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Li-Xin Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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12
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Chen YQ, Li PC, Pan N, Gao R, Wen ZF, Zhang TY, Huang F, Wu FY, Ou XL, Zhang JP, Zhu XJ, Hu HM, Chen K, Cai YL, Wang LX. Tumor-released autophagosomes induces CD4 + T cell-mediated immunosuppression via a TLR2-IL-6 cascade. J Immunother Cancer 2019. [PMID: 31300052 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0646-5.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD4+ T cells are critical effectors of anti-tumor immunity, but how tumor cells influence CD4+ T cell effector function is not fully understood. Tumor cell-released autophagosomes (TRAPs) are being recognized as critical modulators of host anti-tumor immunity during tumor progression. Here, we explored the mechanistic aspects of TRAPs in the modulation of CD4+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment. METHODS TRAPs isolated from tumor cell lines and pleural effusions or ascites of cancer patients were incubated with CD4+ T cells to examine the function and mechanism of TRAPs in CD4+ T cell differentiation and function. TRAPs-elicited CD4+ T cells were tested for their suppression of effector T cell function, induction of regulatory B cells, and promotion of tumorigenesis and metastasis in a mouse model. RESULTS Heat shock protein 90α (HSP90α) on the surface of TRAPs from malignant effusions of cancer patients and tumor cell lines stimulated CD4+ T cell production of IL-6 via a TLR2-MyD88-NF-κB signal cascade. TRAPs-induced autocrine IL-6 further promoted CD4+ T cells secretion of IL-10 and IL-21 via STAT3. Notably, TRAPs-elicited CD4+ T cells inhibited CD4+ and CD8+ effector T cell function in an IL-6- and IL-10-dependent manner and induced IL-10-producing regulatory B cells (Bregs) via IL-6, IL-10 and IL-21, thereby promoting tumor growth and metastasis. Consistently, inhibition of tumor autophagosome formation or IL-6 secretion by CD4+ T cells markedly retarded tumor growth. Furthermore, B cell or CD4+ T cell depletion impeded tumor growth by increasing effector T cell function. CONCLUSIONS HSP90α on the surface of TRAPs programs the immunosuppressive functions of CD4+ T cells to promote tumor growth and metastasis. TRAPs or their membrane-bound HSP90α represent important therapeutic targets to reverse cancer-associated immunosuppression and improve immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qiang Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ning Pan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Rong Gao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhi-Fa Wen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Tian-Yu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xi-Long Ou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jin-Ping Zhang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xue-Jun Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Hong-Ming Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Mucosal Immunology Studies Team, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yun-Lang Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Li-Xin Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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13
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Markosyan N, Li J, Sun YH, Richman LP, Lin JH, Yan F, Quinones L, Sela Y, Yamazoe T, Gordon N, Tobias JW, Byrne KT, Rech AJ, FitzGerald GA, Stanger BZ, Vonderheide RH. Tumor cell-intrinsic EPHA2 suppresses anti-tumor immunity by regulating PTGS2 (COX-2). J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3594-3609. [PMID: 31162144 DOI: 10.1172/jci127755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to immunotherapy is one of the biggest problems of current oncotherapeutics. WhileT cell abundance is essential for tumor responsiveness to immunotherapy, factors that define the T cell inflamed tumor microenvironment are not fully understood. We conducted an unbiased approach to identify tumor-intrinsic mechanisms shaping the immune tumor microenvironment(TME), focusing on pancreatic adenocarcinoma because it is refractory to immunotherapy and excludes T cells from the TME. From human tumors, we identified EPHA2 as a candidate tumor intrinsic driver of immunosuppression. Epha2 deletion reversed T cell exclusion and sensitized tumors to immunotherapy. We found that PTGS2, the gene encoding cyclooxygenase-2, lies downstream of EPHA2 signaling through TGFβ and is associated with poor patient survival. Ptgs2 deletion reversed T cell exclusion and sensitized tumors to immunotherapy; pharmacological inhibition of PTGS2 was similarly effective. Thus, EPHA2-PTGS2 signaling in tumor cells regulates tumor immune phenotypes; blockade may represent a novel therapeutic avenue for immunotherapy-refractory cancers. Our findings warrant clinical trials testing the effectiveness of therapies combining EPHA2-TGFβ-PTGS2 pathway inhibitors with anti-tumor immunotherapy, and may change the treatment of notoriously therapy-resistant pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinyang Li
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute
| | - Yu H Sun
- Center for RNA Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Yogev Sela
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute
| | | | | | | | - Katelyn T Byrne
- Department of Medicine.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy
| | - Andrew J Rech
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy
| | - Garret A FitzGerald
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics.,Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics
| | - Ben Z Stanger
- Department of Medicine.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology.,Abramson Cancer Center, and
| | - Robert H Vonderheide
- Department of Medicine.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy.,Abramson Cancer Center, and.,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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14
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Theodoraki MN, Hoffmann TK, Jackson EK, Whiteside TL. Exosomes in HNSCC plasma as surrogate markers of tumour progression and immune competence. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 194:67-78. [PMID: 30229863 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes in plasma of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients comprise subsets of vesicles derived from various cells. Recently, we separated CD3(+) from CD3(-) exosomes by immune capture. CD3(-) exosomes were largely tumour-derived (CD44v3+ ). Both subsets carried immunosuppressive proteins and inhibited functions of human immune cells. The role of these subsets in immune cell reprogramming by the tumour was investigated by focusing on the adenosine pathway components. Spontaneous adenosine production by CD3(+) or CD3(-) exosomes was measured by mass spectrometry, as was the production of adenosine by CD4+ CD39+ regulatory T cells (Treg ) co-incubated with these exosomes. The highest level of CD39/CD73 ectoenzymes and of adenosine production was found in CD3(-) exosomes in patients with the stages III/IV HNSCCs). Also, the production of 5'-AMP and purines was significantly higher in Treg co-incubated with CD3(-) than CD3(+) exosomes. Consistently, CD26 and adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels were higher in CD3(+) than CD3(-) exosomes. ADA and CD26 levels in CD3(+) exosomes were significantly higher in patients with early (stages I/II) than advanced (stages III/IV) disease. HNSCC patients receiving and responding to photodynamic therapy had increased ADA levels in CD3(+) exosomes with no increase in CD3(-) exosomes. The opposite roles of CD3(+) ADA+ CD26+ and CD3(-) CD44v3+ adenosine-producing exosomes in early versus advanced HNSCC suggest that, like their parent cells, these exosomes serve as surrogates of immune suppression in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-N Theodoraki
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Immunology and Otorhinolaryngology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - T K Hoffmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - E K Jackson
- Departments of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - T L Whiteside
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Immunology and Otorhinolaryngology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Immunology and Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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15
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Liu M, Guo F. Recent updates on cancer immunotherapy. PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2018; 1:65-74. [PMID: 30687562 PMCID: PMC6333045 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pby011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional cancer therapies include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, all of which are typically non-specific approaches. Cancer immunotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that helps the immune system fight cancer. Cancer immunotherapy represents a standing example of precision medicine: immune checkpoint inhibitors precisely target the checkpoints; tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, TCR T cells, and CAR T cells precisely kill cancer cells through tumor antigen recognition; and cancer vaccines are made from patient-derived dendritic cells, tumor cell DNA, or RNA, or oncolytic viruses, thus offering a type of personalized medicine. This review will highlight up-to-date advancement in most, if not all, of the immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Fukun Guo
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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16
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Li Y, Lin N, Xu J, Lu Y, Chen S, Pan C, Wang C, Xu M, Zhou B, Xu R, Xu YJ. Measurement of Serum and Hepatic Eicosanoids by Liquid Chromatography Tandem-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in a Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) with Delivery of c-Met and Activated β-Catenin by Hepatocyte Hydrodynamic Injection. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:1670-1679. [PMID: 29560932 PMCID: PMC5877205 DOI: 10.12659/msm.908931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most forms of cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), are associated with varying degrees of chronic inflammation. The association between the expression of eicosanoids, which are bioactive lipid mediators of inflammation, and HCC remains unknown. The aim of this study was to measure serum and hepatic eicosanoids in a mouse model of HCC with the delivery of c-Met and activated b-catenin by hepatocyte hydrodynamic injection. MATERIAL AND METHODS The HCC mouse model, and normal control mice, were used in this study with co-delivery of human c-Met combined with activated β-catenin into hepatocytes through hydrodynamic injection. Liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis was used to measure serum and hepatic eicosanoid levels. RESULTS The combined activation of c-Met and β-catenin was induced in the HCC mouse model. LC-MS/MS showed that a total of 13 eicosanoids in serum and 12 eicosanoids in liver tissue were significantly increased in the HCC mice, when compared with control mice. CONCLUSIONS In a mouse model of HCC, co-activation of the c-Met and β-catenin signaling pathway resulted in increased levels of serum and hepatic eicosanoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jianliang Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Shuxian Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Chuzhi Pan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Chusi Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Mingxing Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Boxuan Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Ruiyun Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Jiang Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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17
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Wang X, Li M, Hu M, Wei P, Zhu W. BAMBI overexpression together with β-sitosterol ameliorates NSCLC via inhibiting autophagy and inactivating TGF-β/Smad2/3 pathway. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:3046-3054. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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18
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Zhang Y, Yan H, Guang GC, Deng ZR. Overexpressed connective tissue growth factor in cardiomyocytes attenuates left ventricular remodeling induced by angiotensin II perfusion. Clin Exp Hypertens 2017; 39:168-174. [PMID: 28287886 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2016.1226893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- First Ward of West Yard, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hua Yan
- First Ward of West Yard, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Gong-chang Guang
- Department of Cardiovasology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zheng-rong Deng
- Department of Cardiovasology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
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19
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Ausoni S, Boscolo-Rizzo P, Singh B, Da Mosto MC, Spinato G, Tirelli G, Spinato R, Azzarello G. Targeting cellular and molecular drivers of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: current options and emerging perspectives. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2016; 35:413-26. [PMID: 27194534 PMCID: PMC5524458 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-016-9625-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite improvements in functional outcomes attributable to advances in radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgical techniques, and imaging techniques, survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients has improved only marginally during the last couple of decades, and optimal therapy has yet to be devised. Genomic complexity and intratumoral genetic heterogeneity may contribute to treatment resistance and the propensity for locoregional recurrence. Countering this, it demands a significant effort from both basic and clinical scientists in the search for more effective targeted therapies. Recent genomewide studies have provided valuable insights into the genetic basis of HNSCC, uncovering potential new therapeutic opportunities. In addition, several studies have elucidated how inflammatory, immune, and stromal cells contribute to the particular properties of these neoplasms. In the present review, we introduce recent findings on genomic aberrations resulting from whole-genome sequencing of HNSCC, we discuss how the particular microenvironment affects the pathogenesis of this disease, and we describe clinical trials exploring new perspectives on the use of combined genetic and cellular targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Ausoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Department of Neurosciences, ENT Clinic and Regional Center for Head and Neck Cancer, University of Padua, Treviso Regional Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Bhuvanesh Singh
- Laboratory of Epithelial Cancer Biology, Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Maria Cristina Da Mosto
- Department of Neurosciences, ENT Clinic and Regional Center for Head and Neck Cancer, University of Padua, Treviso Regional Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Giacomo Spinato
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Cattinara Hospital, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Tirelli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Cattinara Hospital, Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberto Spinato
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Dell'Angelo Hospital, Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Azzarello
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mirano Hospital, Local Health Unit 13, Mirano, Venezia, Italy.
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20
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Kumai T, Kobayashi H, Harabuchi Y. Novel targets for natural killer/T-cell lymphoma immunotherapy. Immunotherapy 2015; 8:45-55. [PMID: 26642249 DOI: 10.2217/imt.15.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (NKTL) is a rare but highly aggressive Epstein-Barr virus-related malignancy, which mainly occurs in nasopharyngeal and nasal/paranasal areas. In addition to its high prevalence in Asian, Central American and South American populations, its incidence rate has been gradually increasing in Western countries. The current mainstay of treatment is a combination of multiple chemotherapies and irradiation. Although chemoradiotherapy can cure NKTL, it often causes severe and fatal adverse events. Because a growing body of evidence suggests that immunotherapy is effective against hematological malignancies, this treatment could provide an alternative to chemoradiotherapy for treatment of NKTL. In this review, we focus on how recent findings could be used to develop efficient immunotherapies against NKTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kumai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-East 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroya Kobayashi
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-East 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Harabuchi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-East 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-East 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
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21
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In silico target fishing for the potential bioactive components contained in Huanglian Jiedu Tang (HLJDD) and elucidating molecular mechanisms for the treatment of sepsis. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 13:30-40. [PMID: 25660286 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(15)60004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to target fish for potential bioactive components contained in a Huang Lian Jie Du decoction (HLJDD) and identify the underlying mechanisms of action for the treatment of sepsis at the molecular level. he bioactive components database of HLJDD was constructed and the sepsis-associated targets were comprehensively investigated. The 3D structures of the PAFR and TXA2R proteins were established using the homology modelling (HM) method, and the molecular effects for sepsis treatment were analysed by comparing the bioactive components database and the sepsis targets using computational biology methods. The results of the screening were validated with biological testing against the human oral epidermal carcinoma cell line KB in vitro. We found that multiple bioactive compounds contained in the HLJDD interacted with multiple targets. We also predicted the promising compound leads for sepsis treatment, and the first 28 compounds were characterized. Several compounds, such as berberine, berberrubine and epiberberine, dose-dependently inhibited PGE2 production in human KB cells, and the effects were similar in the presence or absence of TPA. This study demonstrates a novel approach to identifying natural chemical compounds as new leads for the treatment of sepsis.
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22
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Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) are generally considered to be significant contributors to tumor escape from the host immune system. Emerging evidence suggests, however, that in some human cancers, Treg are necessary to control chronic inflammation, prevent tissue damage, and limit inflammation-associated cancer development. The dual role of Treg in cancer and underpinnings of Treg diversity are not well understood. This review attempts to provide insights into the importance of Treg subsets in cancer development and its progression. It also considers the role of Treg as potential biomarkers of clinical outcome in cancer. The strategies for monitoring Treg in cancer patients are discussed as is the need for caution in the use of therapies which indiscriminately ablate Treg. A greater understanding of molecular pathways operating in various tumor microenvironments is necessary for defining the Treg impact on cancer and for selecting immunotherapies targeting Treg.
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23
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Inhibition of EGFR Tyrosine Kinase by Erlotinib Prevents Sclerodermatous Graft-Versus-Host Disease in a Mouse Model. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:2385-2393. [PMID: 25938558 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) follows allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. It results from alloreactive processes induced by minor histocompatibility antigen incompatibilities leading to the activation of CD4 T cells and the development of fibrosis and inflammation of the skin and visceral organs and autoimmunity that resemble systemic sclerosis. EGFR is a ubiquitous cell receptor deeply involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and motility. EGFR has recently been implicated in autoimmune and fibrotic diseases. Therefore, we tested whether Erlotinib, an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, can prevent sclerodermatous GVHD (Scl-GVHD). Scl-GVHD was induced in BALB/c mice by B10.D2 bone marrow and spleen cell transplantation. Transplanted mice displayed severe clinical symptoms including alopecia, fibrosis of the skin and visceral organs, vasculitis, and diarrhea. The symptoms were reversed in mice treated with Erlotinib. These beneficial effects were mediated by the decreased production of activated/memory CD4(+) T cells and the reduction in T-cell infiltration of the skin and visceral organs along with a decrease in IFN-γ and IL-13 production and autoimmune B-cell activation. The improvement provided by Erlotinib in the mouse model of Scl-GVHD supplies a rationale for the evaluation of Erlotinib in the management of patients affected by chronic GVHD.
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24
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Kumai T, Matsuda Y, Ohkuri T, Oikawa K, Ishibashi K, Aoki N, Kimura S, Harabuchi Y, Celis E, Kobayashi H. c-Met is a novel tumor associated antigen for T-cell based immunotherapy against NK/T cell lymphoma. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e976077. [PMID: 25949874 DOI: 10.4161/2162402x.2014.976077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The expression of c-Met and its ligand HGF plays a critical role in cell proliferation and is involved in numerous malignancies. Because c-Met expression and its role in NK/T-cell lymphoma remain unclear, we studied the expression and function of c-Met in NK/T-cell lymphoma cells. In addition, we investigated the possibility that c-Met could function as a tumor-associated antigen for helper T lymphocytes (HTLs). Methods: We evaluated whether HGF and c-Met were expressed in NK/T-cell lymphoma and the capacity of predicted c-Met HTL epitopes to induce antitumor responses in vitro. In addition, c-Met inhibitor was evaluated for the ability to inhibit TGF-β production in tumor and subsequently increase HTL recognition. Results: c-Met and HGF were expressed in NK/T-cell lymphoma cell lines, nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma specimens and patient serum samples. Moreover, HGF was shown to promote NK/T cell lymphoma (NKTCL) proliferation in an autocrine manner. Furthermore, we have identified three novel c-Met HTL epitopes that were restricted by several HLA-DR molecules. Notably, peptide-induced HTL lines directly recognized and killed c-Met expressing NK/T-cell lymphomas and various epithelial solid tumors. The c-Met specific HTLs could also recognize dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with c-Met expressing tumor cell lysates. In addition, we observed that c-Met inhibition augmented HTL recognition by decreasing TGF-β production by tumor cells. Lastly, autophagy partly regulated the HTL responses against tumors. Conclusions: We identified novel c-Met HTL epitopes that can elicit effective antitumor responses against tumors expressing c-Met. Our results provide the rationale of combining c-Met targeting therapy and immunotherapy for NKTCLs and epithelial tumors.
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Key Words
- APCs, antigen presenting cells
- CD4+ helper T lymphocytes
- DC, dendritic cell
- EBV, Epstein-Barr virus
- HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- HSP, heat shock protein
- HTLs, helper CD4+ T cells
- L-cell, mouse fibroblast cell line
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- NK/T cell lymphoma
- NKTCL, natural killer/ T cell lymphoma
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- TCR, T cell receptor
- TGF-β
- TKI, tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor
- autophagy
- c-Met
- head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- immunotherapy
- major histocompatibility complex class II
- tumor antigens
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kumai
- Department of Pathology; Asahikawa Medical University ; Asahikawa, Japan ; Department of Otolaryngology; Head and Neck Surgery; Asahikawa Medical University ; Asahikawa, Japan ; Cancer Immunology; Inflammation and Tolerance Program; Georgia Regents University Cancer Center ; Augusta, GA USA
| | - Yoshinari Matsuda
- Department of Pathology; Asahikawa Medical University ; Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ohkuri
- Department of Pathology; Asahikawa Medical University ; Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kensuke Oikawa
- Department of Pathology; Asahikawa Medical University ; Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kei Ishibashi
- Department of Pathology; Asahikawa Medical University ; Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Naoko Aoki
- Department of Pathology; Asahikawa Medical University ; Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Shoji Kimura
- Department of Pathology; Asahikawa Medical University ; Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Harabuchi
- Department of Otolaryngology; Head and Neck Surgery; Asahikawa Medical University ; Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Esteban Celis
- Cancer Immunology; Inflammation and Tolerance Program; Georgia Regents University Cancer Center ; Augusta, GA USA
| | - Hiroya Kobayashi
- Department of Pathology; Asahikawa Medical University ; Asahikawa, Japan
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