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Li Z, Cai X. Baicalein targets STMN1 to inhibit the progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma via regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:3003-3013. [PMID: 38317500 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a common malignancy in the head and neck. Baicalein has been reported to exert the anticancer effects on various cancers. In this study, our aim was to explore the function of baicalein in the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and further investigate the potential underlying mechanisms. METHODS Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8 assay, EdU assay, sphere formation assay, flow cytometry, and transwell invasion assay were conducted to determine cell proliferation, stemness, apoptosis, and invasion, respectively. Western blot was performed to examine the protein levels of PCNA, MMP9, STMN1, β-catenin, and Wnt3A. The mRNA level of STMN1 was assessed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Xenograft tumor model was carried out to evaluate the effects of baicalein on tumor growth in vivo. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay was used to detect the levels of PCNA, MMP9, and STMN1 in tumor tissues from mice. RESULTS Baicalein significantly induced cell apoptosis and impeded cell proliferation, invasion, and stemness of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. STMN1 was highly expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and baicalein could directly downregulate STMN1 expression. STMN1 knockdown hampered the progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Moreover, the effects of baicalein on cell proliferation, stemness, invasion, and apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells were harbored by STMN1 overexpression. Baicalein regulated STMN1 to inhibit the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. SKL2001, an agonist of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, could reverse the effects of STMN1 knockdown on the progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In addition, baicalein markedly impeded tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSION Baicalein regulated the STMN1/Wnt/β-catenin pathway to restrain the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nanyang First People's Hospital, Nanyang, China
| | - Xiaohang Cai
- The Second Department of Cardiology, Nanyang First People's Hospital, Nanyang, China
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Aksoy A, Varoglu A, Onalan EE, Tektemur A, Artas G, Koc M, Cakmak M, Aydin S, Kilic M, Ulas M. The knockdown of stathmin with si-RNA inhibits invasion of mesothelioma. Tissue Cell 2024; 87:102303. [PMID: 38244401 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the mechanism of action of stathmin1 (STMN1) in mesothelioma (MSM) and whether it has any role in its treatment. METHODS STMN1 expression was examined using immunohistochemistry in biopsy tissues taken from MSM patients. The relationships between the levels of STMN1 expression in the pathology preparations of MSM patients, and the clinicopathological characteristics of these patients, and their survival times were investigated. Transfection of STMN1-specific siRNA into SPC212 cells was compared to negative control siRNAs. The mRNA levels of genes that may play a role in invasion, apoptosis, and autophagy were evaluated by RT-PCR. RESULTS The expression of STMN1 was shown to be high in MSM tissues (p < 0.05). It was found that the only independent predictor factor affecting the survival time of MSM patients was the disease stage (p < 0.05). STMN1 was significantly reduced after siRNA intervention (81.5%). STMN1 with specific siRNA has been shown to suppress invasion by reducing the mRNA levels of cadherin-6 (CDH6), fibroblast growth factor-8 (FGF8), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1A), matrix metallopeptidase 1-2 (gelatinase A) (MMP1-2), and TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2 (TIMP2), which are important markers for invasion. Although the expression of apoptosis and autophagy-related genes, caspase-2 (Casp2) and LC-3, was reduced by silencing STMN1 with specific siRNA in western blot analysis, this effect was not observed in PCR results. CONCLUSIONS Immunohistochemical analysis of STMN1 may contribute to the differential diagnosis of MSM, and STMN1 may also be considered as a potential therapeutic target in the early invasive stage of MSM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asude Aksoy
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Health Sciences, Fethi Sekin City Hospital SUAM, Elazig, Turkey.
| | - Asuman Varoglu
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Etem Onalan
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Tektemur
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Artas
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Koc
- Department of Radiology, Medical Faculty, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Muharrem Cakmak
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Faculty, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Siyami Aydin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Faculty, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Murat Kilic
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ulas
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Arts JA, Laberthonnière C, Lima Cunha D, Zhou H. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing: Opportunities and Challenges for Studies on Corneal Biology in Health and Disease. Cells 2023; 12:1808. [PMID: 37443842 PMCID: PMC10340756 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The structure and major cell types of the multi-layer human cornea have been extensively studied. However, various cell states in specific cell types and key genes that define the cell states are not fully understood, hindering our comprehension of corneal homeostasis, related diseases, and therapeutic discovery. Single-cell RNA sequencing is a revolutionary and powerful tool for identifying cell states within tissues such as the cornea. This review provides an overview of current single-cell RNA sequencing studies on the human cornea, highlighting similarities and differences between them, and summarizing the key genes that define corneal cell states reported in these studies. In addition, this review discusses the opportunities and challenges of using single-cell RNA sequencing to study corneal biology in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian A. Arts
- Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (J.A.A.)
| | - Camille Laberthonnière
- Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (J.A.A.)
| | - Dulce Lima Cunha
- Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (J.A.A.)
| | - Huiqing Zhou
- Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (J.A.A.)
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Liu R, Liang X, Guo H, Li S, Yao W, Dong C, Wu J, Lu Y, Tang J, Zhang H. STNM1 in human cancers: role, function and potential therapy sensitizer. Cell Signal 2023:110775. [PMID: 37331415 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
STMN1 belongs to the stathmin gene family, it encodes a cytoplasmic phosphorylated protein, stathmin1, which is commonly observed in vertebrate cells. STMN1 is a structural microtubule-associated protein (MAP) that binds to microtubule protein dimers rather than microtubules, with each STMN1 binding two microtubule protein dimers and preventing their aggregation, leading to microtubule instability. STMN1 expression is elevated in a number of malignancies, and inhibition of its expression can interfere with tumor cell division. Its expression can change the division of tumor cells, thereby arresting cell growth in the G2/M phase. Moreover, STMN1 expression affects tumor cell sensitivity to anti-microtubule drug analogs, including vincristine and paclitaxel. The research on MAPs is limited, and new insights on the mechanism of STMN1 in different cancers are emerging. The effective application of STMN1 in cancer prognosis and treatment requires further understanding of this protein. Here, we summarize the general characteristics of STMN1 and outline how STMN1 plays a role in cancer development, targeting multiple signaling networks and acting as a downstream target for multiple microRNAs, circRNAs, and lincRNAs. We also summarize recent findings on the function role of STMN1 in tumor resistance and as a therapeutic target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Liu
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaodong Liang
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Haiwei Guo
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, (Affiliated People's Hospital Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiping Yao
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Chenfang Dong
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajun Wu
- Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China; Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, (Affiliated People's Hospital Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanwei Lu
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianming Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Steinlein S, Essmann F, Ghilardi AF, Horn H, Schüler J, Hausser A, Sun L, Ott G, Kalla C. Indolyl-chalcone derivatives trigger apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant mesothelioma cells through aberrant tubulin polymerization and deregulation of microtubule-associated proteins. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1190988. [PMID: 37305581 PMCID: PMC10248254 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1190988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a neoplasm with dismal prognosis and notorious resistance to the standard therapeutics cisplatin and pemetrexed. Chalcone derivatives are efficacious anti-cancer agents with minimal toxicity and have, therefore, gained pharmaceutical interest. Here, we investigated the efficacy of CIT-026 and CIT-223, two indolyl-chalcones (CITs), to inhibit growth and viability of MPM cells and defined the mechanism by which the compounds induce cell death. Methods The effects of CIT-026 and CIT-223 were analyzed in five MPM cell lines, using viability, immunofluorescence, real-time cell death monitoring, and tubulin polymerization assays, along with siRNA knockdown. Phospho-kinase arrays and immunoblotting were used to identify signaling molecules that contribute to cell death. Results CIT-026 and CIT-223 were toxic in all cell lines at sub-micromolar concentrations, in particular in MPM cells resistant to cisplatin and pemetrexed, while normal fibroblasts were only modestly affected. Both CITs targeted tubulin polymerization via (1) direct interaction with tubulin and (2) phosphorylation of microtubule regulators STMN1, CRMP2 and WNK1. Formation of aberrant tubulin fibers caused abnormal spindle morphology, mitotic arrest and apoptosis. CIT activity was not reduced in CRMP2-negative and STMN1-silenced MPM cells, indicating that direct tubulin targeting is sufficient for toxic effects of CITs. Discussion CIT-026 and CIT-223 are highly effective inducers of tumor cell apoptosis by disrupting microtubule assembly, with only modest effects on non-malignant cells. CITs are potent anti-tumor agents against MPM cells, in particular cells resistant to standard therapeutics, and thus warrant further evaluation as potential small-molecule therapeutics in MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Steinlein
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Frank Essmann
- Robert Bosch Center for Tumor Diseases, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Amanda Franceschini Ghilardi
- Harvard Medical School, Center for Drug Discovery and Translational Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Heike Horn
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Angelika Hausser
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology and Stuttgart Research Center for Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lijun Sun
- Harvard Medical School, Center for Drug Discovery and Translational Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - German Ott
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Claudia Kalla
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Zhang L, Pan Q, Wu Y, Zhang P, Li S, Xu Y, Li D, Zheng M, Pei D, Wang Q. ORP8 inhibits renal cell carcinoma progression by accelerating Stathmin1 degradation and microtubule polymerization. Exp Cell Res 2023; 427:113601. [PMID: 37054771 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
ORP8 has been reported to suppress tumor progression in various malignancies. However, the functions and underlying mechanisms of ORP8 are still unknown in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Here, decreased expression of ORP8 was detected in RCC tissues and cell lines. Functional assays verified that ORP8 suppressed RCC cell growth, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Mechanistically, ORP8 attenuated Stathmin1 expression by accelerating ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation and led to an increase in microtubule polymerization. Lastly, ORP8 knockdown partly rescued microtubule polymerization, as well as aggressive cell phenotypes induced by paclitaxel. Our findings elucidated that ORP8 suppressed the malignant progression of RCC by increasing Stathmin1 degradation and microtubule polymerization, thus suggesting that ORP8 might be a novel target for the treatment of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiwei Pan
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China; Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang, Taizhou, 317000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shibao Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuting Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Danhua Li
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Maojin Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongsheng Pei
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qingling Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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7
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Němejcová K, Šafanda A, Bártů MK, Michálková R, Drozenová J, Fabian P, Hausnerová J, Laco J, Matěj R, Méhes G, Škapa P, Stružinská I, Dundr P. A comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis of 26 markers in 250 cases of serous ovarian tumors. Diagn Pathol 2023; 18:32. [PMID: 36855066 PMCID: PMC9972686 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-023-01317-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined a large cohort of serous tubo-ovarian tumors with 26 immunohistochemical markers, with the aim to assess their value for differential diagnosis and prognosis. METHODS Immunohistochemical analyses with 26 immunomarkers were performed on 250 primary tubo-ovarian tumors including 114 high grade serous carcinomas (HGSC), 97 low grade serous carcinomas (LGSC), and 39 serous borderline tumors (micropapillary variant, mSBT). The associations of overall positivity with clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated using the chi-squared test or Fisher's Exact test. RESULTS We found significantly different expression of p53, p16, ER, PR, PTEN, PAX2, Mammaglobin, RB1, Cyclin E1, stathmin, LMP2, L1CAM, CD44, and Ki67 in HGSCs compared to LGSCs. No significant differences were found between LGSC and mSBT. None of the other included markers (PAX8, ARID1A, HNF1B, Napsin A, CDX2, SATB2, MUC4, BRG1, AMACR, TTF1, BCOR, NTRK) showed any differences between the investigated serous tumors. Regarding the prognosis, only PR and stathmin showed a statistically significant prognostic meaning in LGSCs, with better overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in cases positive for PR, and worse outcome (RFS) for stathmin. None of the study markers showed prognostic significance in HGSCs. CONCLUSION We provided an extensive immunohistochemical analysis of serous ovarian/tubo-ovarian tumors. Although we found some differences in the expression of some markers in HGSCs compared to LGSCs, only p53, p16, and Ki67 seem to be useful in real diagnostic practice. We also suggested the best discriminative cut-off for Ki67 (10% of positive tumor cells) for distinguishing HGSC from LGSC. We found prognostic significance of PR and stathmin in LGSCs. Moreover, the high expression of stathmin could also be of predictive value in ovarian carcinomas as target-specific anti-stathmin effectors are potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Němejcová
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12800, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Adam Šafanda
- grid.411798.20000 0000 9100 9940Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kendall Bártů
- grid.411798.20000 0000 9100 9940Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Michálková
- grid.411798.20000 0000 9100 9940Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Drozenová
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Pathology, Charles University, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, 10034 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Fabian
- grid.419466.8Department of Oncological Pathology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Hausnerová
- grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956Department of Pathology, University Hospital Brno and Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Laco
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XThe Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Radoslav Matěj
- grid.411798.20000 0000 9100 9940Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic ,grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Pathology, Charles University, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, 10034 Prague, Czech Republic ,grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gábor Méhes
- grid.7122.60000 0001 1088 8582Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Petr Škapa
- grid.412826.b0000 0004 0611 0905Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Stružinská
- grid.411798.20000 0000 9100 9940Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Dundr
- grid.411798.20000 0000 9100 9940Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
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Yang H. Tau and stathmin proteins in breast cancer: A potential therapeutic target. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2022; 49:445-452. [PMID: 35066919 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm among women, responsible for 30% of all malignant tumours, and the second most significant reason of cancer fatality in women. Treatment failure and tumour recurrence are common outcomes of chemotherapy when patients develop multidrug resistance (MDR). New therapeutic methods like molecularly targeted therapeutic interventions need a thorough understanding of malignant tumour's molecular processes. Numerous studies published in the last few years indicate that stathmin and tubulin-associated units (tau) are upregulated in a range of human malignant tumours, suggesting that they may enhance the incidence and progression of malignancies. By promoting cancer cell reproduction, infiltration and generating drug resistance, these proteins aid in the disease's development. Existing information on the expression of tau protein and stathmin in breast cancer, as well as their involvement in treatment methods, is summarized in this literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhao Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Cai Y, Fu Y, Liu C, Wang X, You P, Li X, Song Y, Mu X, Fang T, Yang Y, Gu Y, Zhang H, He Z. Stathmin 1 is a biomarker for diagnosis of microvascular invasion to predict prognosis of early hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:176. [PMID: 35210426 PMCID: PMC8873260 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Microvascular invasion (MVI) is presently evaluated as a high-risk factor to be directly relative to postoperative prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Up to now, diagnosis of MVI mainly depends on the postoperative pathological analyses with H&E staining assay, based on numbers and distribution characteristics of MVI to classify the risk levels of MVI. However, such pathological analyses lack the specificity to discriminate MVI in HCC specimens, especially in complicated pathological tissues. In addition, the efficiency to precisely define stages of MVI is not satisfied. Thus, any biomarker for both conforming diagnosis of MVI and staging its levels will efficiently and effectively promote the prediction of early postoperative recurrence and metastasis for HCC. Through bioinformatics analysis and clinical sample verification, we discovered that Stathmin 1 (STMN1) gene was significantly up-regulated at the locations of MVI. Combining STMN1 immunostaining with classic H&E staining assays, we established a new protocol for MVI pathological diagnosis. Next, we found that the degrees of MVI risk could be graded according to expression levels of STMN1 for prognosis prediction on recurrence rates and overall survival in early HCC patients. STMN1 affected epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) of HCC cells by regulating the dynamic balance of microtubules through signaling of “STMN1-Microtubule-EMT” axis. Inhibition of STMN1 expression in HCC cells reduced their lung metastatic ability in recipients of mouse model, suggesting that STMN1 also could be a potential therapeutic target for inhibiting HCC metastasis. Therefore, we conclude that STMN1 has potentials for clinical applications as a biomarker for both pathological diagnosis and prognostic prediction, as well as a therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Cai
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200123, P. R. China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200335, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120, P. R. China
| | - Yong Fu
- Department of Liver Surgery V, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Changcheng Liu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200123, P. R. China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200335, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120, P. R. China
| | - Xicheng Wang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200123, P. R. China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200335, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120, P. R. China
| | - Pu You
- Institute of Brain-Intelligence Science and Technology, Zhangjiang Laboratory & Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Xiuhua Li
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200123, P. R. China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200335, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120, P. R. China
| | - Yanxiang Song
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200123, P. R. China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200335, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolan Mu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200123, P. R. China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200335, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120, P. R. China
| | - Ting Fang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200123, P. R. China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200335, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200123, P. R. China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200335, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120, P. R. China
| | - Yuying Gu
- Department of cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, P.R. China
| | - Haibin Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery V, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiying He
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200123, P. R. China. .,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200335, P. R. China. .,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120, P. R. China.
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10
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The Essential Role of Stathmin in Myoblast C2C12 for Vertical Vibration-Induced Myotube Formation. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11111583. [PMID: 34827581 PMCID: PMC8615486 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertical vibration (VV) is a type of whole body vibration, which induces muscle contraction through vibration to improve muscle strength and bone density. However, the mechanism of VV on muscle cell myotube formation is still unclear. In the current study, we aim to clarify the mechanism involved in VV’s stimulation of myotube formation. In order to identify the molecules regulated by VV, we performed proteomics analysis including 2D electrophoresis combined with MALDI-TOF/TOF Mass. Stathmin was identified as a high potential molecule responding to VV stimulation, and we found that under VV stimulation, the expression of stathmin gene and protein increased in a time-dependent manner. In addition, we also confirmed that the increase of stathmin stimulated by VV is mediated through the PI3K/Akt pathway. Furthermore, stathmin siRNA significantly down-regulated the expression of myogenic regulatory factor (MRF) MyoD, decorin, and type I collagen (Col-I), and down-regulated the cellular process regulators such as FGF7, TGFBr1 and PAK3. Taken together, our results confirm that under the stimulation of VV, PI3K/Akt and stathmin would be activated, as well as the up-regulation of MRFs, such as FGF7, TGFBr1 and PAK3 to initiate myogenesis. It also showed that the response of MRF to VV stimulation was significantly related to stathmin expression, which also confirmed the importance of stathmin in the entire myotube formation process. This study may provide evidence of stathmin as a biological indicator of VV to increase muscle strength.
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11
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Acquired resistance to PRMT5 inhibition induces concomitant collateral sensitivity to paclitaxel. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2024055118. [PMID: 34408017 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024055118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulators play key roles in cancer and are increasingly being targeted for treatment. However, for many, little is known about mechanisms of resistance to the inhibition of these regulators. We have generated a model of resistance to inhibitors of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5). This study was conducted in Kras G12D;Tp53-null lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cell lines. Resistance to PRMT5 inhibitors (PRMT5i) arose rapidly, and barcoding experiments showed that this resulted from a drug-induced transcriptional state switch, not selection of a preexisting population. This resistant state is both stable and conserved across variants arising from distinct LUAD lines. Moreover, it brought with it vulnerabilities to other chemotherapeutics, especially the taxane paclitaxel. This paclitaxel sensitivity depended on the presence of stathmin 2 (STMN2), a microtubule regulator that is specifically expressed in the resistant state. Remarkably, STMN2 was also essential for resistance to PRMT5 inhibition. Thus, a single gene is required for both acquisition of resistance to PRMT5i and collateral sensitivity to paclitaxel in our LUAD cells. Accordingly, the combination of PRMT5i and paclitaxel yielded potent and synergistic killing of the murine LUAD cells. Importantly, the synergy between PRMT5i and paclitaxel also extended to human cancer cell lines. Finally, analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas patient data showed that high STMN2 levels correlate with complete regression of tumors in response to taxane treatment. Collectively, this study reveals a recurring mechanism of PRMT5i resistance in LUAD and identifies collateral sensitivities that have potential clinical relevance.
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12
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PTEN loss promotes oncogenic function of STMN1 via PI3K/AKT pathway in lung cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14318. [PMID: 34253824 PMCID: PMC8275769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93815-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all cancer types, lung cancer has already become the leading cause of cancer-related death around the world. The molecular mechanism understanding this development is still needed to be improved to treat lung cancer. Stathmin (STMN1) was initially identified as a cytoplasmic protein phosphorylated responding to cell signal and controlled cell physiological processes. The dysregulation of STMN1 is found in various kinds of tumors. However, the molecular mechanism of STMN1 regulating lung cancer is still unclear. Here, we found that STMN1 was overexpressed in lung cancer tissues and associated with worse survival rates of lung cancer patients. Inhibition of STMN1 suppressed lung cancer cell growth, migration and invasion, and promoted drug sensitivity. Moreover, PTEN loss promoted STMN1 expression via PI3K/AKT pathway. PTEN loss ameliorated the inhibition of cell growth, migration and invasion, and drug sensitivity induced by STMN1 knockdown in lung cancer. The high expression of STMN1 was negatively correlated with the low expression of PTEN in lung cancer specimens. Overall, our work demonstrated that PTEN regulated the oncogenic function of STMN1 in lung cancer.
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13
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Extracellular Vesicles as a Novel Liquid Biopsy-Based Diagnosis for the Central Nervous System, Head and Neck, Lung, and Gastrointestinal Cancers: Current and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112792. [PMID: 34205183 PMCID: PMC8200014 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary To improve clinical outcomes, early diagnosis is mandatory in cancer patients. Several diagnostic approaches have been proposed, however, the main drawback relies on the invasive procedures required. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are bilayer lipid membrane structures released by almost all cells and transferred to remote sites via the bloodstream. The observation that their cargo reflects the cell of origin has opened a new frontier for non-invasive biomarker discovery in oncology. Moreover, since EVs can be recovered from different body fluids, their impact as a Correctdiagnostic tool has gained particular interest. Hence, in the last decade, several studies using different biological fluids have been performed, showing the valuable contributions of EVs as tumour biomarkers, and their improved diagnostic power when combined with currently available tumour markers. In this review, the most relevant data on the diagnostic relevance of EVs, alone or in combination with the well-established tumour markers, are discussed. Abstract Early diagnosis, along with innovative treatment options, are crucial to increase the overall survival of cancer patients. In the last decade, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained great interest in biomarker discovery. EVs are bilayer lipid membrane limited structures, released by almost all cell types, including cancer cells. The EV cargo, which consists of RNAs, proteins, DNA, and lipids, directly mirrors the cells of origin. EVs can be recovered from several body fluids, including blood, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), saliva, and Broncho-Alveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF), by non-invasive or minimally invasive approaches, and are therefore proposed as feasible cancer diagnostic tools. In this review, methodologies for EV isolation and characterization and their impact as diagnostics for the central nervous system, head and neck, lung, and gastrointestinal cancers are outlined. For each of these tumours, recent data on the potential clinical applications of the EV’s unique cargo, alone or in combination with currently available tumour biomarkers, have been deeply discussed.
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14
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Zhang H, Shen YW, Zhang LJ, Chen JJ, Bian HT, Gu WJ, Zhang H, Chen HZ, Zhang WD, Luan X. Targeting Endothelial Cell-Specific Molecule 1 Protein in Cancer: A Promising Therapeutic Approach. Front Oncol 2021; 11:687120. [PMID: 34109132 PMCID: PMC8181400 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.687120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the dramatic advances in cancer research in the past few years, effective therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 (ESM-1), a soluble dermatan sulfate proteoglycan, also known as endocan, serves as a diagnostic and prognostic indicator due to its aberrant expression under pathological conditions, including cancer, sepsis, kidney diseases, and cardiovascular disease. Significantly, ESM-1 can promote cancer progression and metastasis through the regulation of tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and drug resistant. In addition, ESM-1 is involved in the tumor microenvironment, containing inflammation, angiogenesis, and lymph angiogenesis. This article reviews the molecular and biological characteristics of ESM-1 in cancer, the underlying mechanisms, the currently clinical and pre-clinical applications, and potential therapeutic strategies. Herein, we propose that ESM-1 is a new therapeutic target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Wen Shen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Jiao Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Ting Bian
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Jie Gu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Zhuan Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Luan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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15
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A Bioinformatics Analysis Identifies the Telomerase Inhibitor MST-312 for Treating High-STMN1-Expressing Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11050332. [PMID: 33922244 PMCID: PMC8145764 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11050332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a relatively chemo-resistant tumor. Several multi-kinase inhibitors have been approved for treating advanced HCC. However, most HCC patients are highly refractory to these drugs. Therefore, the development of more effective therapies for advanced HCC patients is urgently needed. Stathmin 1 (STMN1) is an oncoprotein that destabilizes microtubules and promotes cancer cell migration and invasion. In this study, cancer genomics data mining identified STMN1 as a prognosis biomarker and a therapeutic target for HCC. Co-expressed gene analysis indicated that STMN1 expression was positively associated with cell-cycle-related gene expression. Chemical sensitivity profiling of HCC cell lines suggested that High-STMN1-expressing HCC cells were the most sensitive to MST-312 (a telomerase inhibitor). Drug-gene connectivity mapping supported that MST-312 reversed the STMN1-co-expressed gene signature (especially BUB1B, MCM2/5/6, and TTK genes). In vitro experiments validated that MST-312 inhibited HCC cell viability and related protein expression (STMN1, BUB1B, and MCM5). In addition, overexpression of STMN1 enhanced the anticancer activity of MST-312 in HCC cells. Therefore, MST-312 can be used for treating STMN1-high expression HCC.
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16
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Liao TT, Cheng WC, Yang CY, Chen YQ, Su SH, Yeh TY, Lan HY, Lee CC, Lin HH, Lin CC, Lu RH, Chiou AET, Jiang JK, Hwang WL. The microRNA-210-Stathmin1 Axis Decreases Cell Stiffness to Facilitate the Invasiveness of Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081833. [PMID: 33921319 PMCID: PMC8069838 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Metastasis of tumor cells is the leading cause of death in cancer patients. Concurrent therapy with surgical removal of primary and metastatic lesions is the main approach for cancer therapy. Currently, therapeutic resistant properties of cancer stem cells (CSCs) are known to drive malignant cancer progression, including metastasis. Our study aimed to identify molecular tools dedicated to the detection and treatment of CSCs. We confirmed that microRNA-210-3p (miR-210) was upregulated in colorectal stem-like cancer cells, which targeted stathmin1 (STMN1), to decrease cell elasticity for increasing mobility. We envision that strategies for softening cellular elasticity will reduce the onset of CSC-orientated metastasis. Abstract Cell migration is critical for regional dissemination and distal metastasis of cancer cells, which remain the major causes of poor prognosis and death in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Although cytoskeletal dynamics and cellular deformability contribute to the migration of cancer cells and metastasis, the mechanisms governing the migratory ability of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a nongenetic source of tumor heterogeneity, are unclear. Here, we expanded colorectal CSCs (CRCSCs) as colonospheres and showed that CRCSCs exhibited higher cell motility in transwell migration assays and 3D invasion assays and greater deformability in particle tracking microrheology than did their parental CRC cells. Mechanistically, in CRCSCs, microRNA-210-3p (miR-210) targeted stathmin1 (STMN1), which is known for inducing microtubule destabilization, to decrease cell elasticity in order to facilitate cell motility without affecting the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) status. Clinically, the miR-210-STMN1 axis was activated in CRC patients with liver metastasis and correlated with a worse clinical outcome. This study elucidates a miRNA-oriented mechanism regulating the deformability of CRCSCs beyond the EMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Tsen Liao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (T.-T.L.); (H.-Y.L.)
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Cheng
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan;
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yung Yang
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
- General Education Center, University of Taipei, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Quan Chen
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Shu-Han Su
- Institution of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (S.-H.S.); (T.-Y.Y.)
| | - Tzu-Yu Yeh
- Institution of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (S.-H.S.); (T.-Y.Y.)
| | - Hsin-Yi Lan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (T.-T.L.); (H.-Y.L.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chan Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Hung-Hsin Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Chi Lin
- Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Hwa Lu
- Department of Surgery, Zhongxing Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
| | - Arthur Er-Terg Chiou
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Jeng-Kai Jiang
- Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-K.J.); (W.-L.H.); Tel.: +886-2-2826-7000 (ext. 65832) (W.-L.H.)
| | - Wei-Lun Hwang
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-K.J.); (W.-L.H.); Tel.: +886-2-2826-7000 (ext. 65832) (W.-L.H.)
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17
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Leiphrakpam PD, Lazenby AJ, Smith LM, Brattain MG, Are C. Stathmin expression in metastatic colorectal cancer. J Surg Oncol 2021; 123:1764-1772. [PMID: 33765336 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the relationship between stathmin expression and clinical outcome in colorectal cancer (CRC). BACKGROUND Stathmin is a phosphoprotein involved in the regulation of microtubule dynamics and integration of intracellular signaling pathways. Stathmin has been implicated in the tumorigenesis of several cancers and is a potential therapeutic target. METHODS Stathmin expression was evaluated in 25 metastatic CRC (mCRC) patients by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Ki67 IHC and TUNEL assay were also evaluated in mCRC for cell proliferation and apoptosis. RESULTS High expression of stathmin was correlated with CRC metastasis (p = .0084), and significantly worse overall survival (OS) in CRC patients (p = .036). There was a significant increase in cell proliferation and a decrease in apoptosis in liver metastasis compared with CRC primary tumors as determined by Ki67 IHC and TUNEL assay (p < .0001). We also observed a significant positive correlation between stathmin level and cell proliferation in both CRC primary tumor and liver metastasis (p = .0429 to 0.0451; r = .4236 to .4288). CONCLUSION Stathmin expression correlated with worse patient prognosis in mCRC patients and positively correlated with increased cell proliferation. Together, our findings indicate stathmin as a novel potential marker for increased risk of CRC-specific mortality and identify stathmin as an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premila D Leiphrakpam
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Audrey J Lazenby
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Lynette M Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Michael G Brattain
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Chandrakanth Are
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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18
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Vicari HP, Lima K, Gomes RDC, Fernandes DC, da Silva JCL, Rodrigues Junior MT, Barroso de Oliveira AS, Dos Santos RN, Andricopulo AD, Coelho F, Costa-Lotufo LV, Machado-Neto JA. Synthetic cyclopenta[b]indoles exhibit antineoplastic activity by targeting microtubule dynamics in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 894:173853. [PMID: 33422507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is associated with PML-RARα oncogene, which is treated using all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-based chemotherapy. However, chemoresistance is observed in 20-30% of treated patients and represents a clinical challenge, raising the importance of the development of new therapeutic options. In the present study, the effects of three synthetic cyclopenta[b]indoles on the leukemia phenotype were investigated using NB4 (ATRA-sensitive) and NB4-R2 (ATRA-resistant) cells. Among the tested synthetic cyclopenta[b]indoles, compound 2, which contains a heterocyclic nucleus, was the most active, presenting time-dependent cytotoxic activity in the μM range in APL cells, without cytotoxicity for normal leukocytes, and was selected for further characterization. Compound 2 significantly decreased clonogenicity, increased apoptosis, and caused cell cycle arrest at S and G2/M phases in a drug concentration-dependent manner. Morphological analyses indicated aberrant mitosis and diffuse tubulin staining upon compound 2 exposure, which corroborates cell cycle findings. In the molecular scenario, compound 2 reduced STMN1 expression and activity, and induced PARP1 cleavage and H2AX and CHK2 phosphorylation, and modulated CDKN1A, PMAIP1, GADD45A, and XRCC3 expressions, indicating reduction of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA damage. Moreover, in the in vivo tubulin polymerization assay, NB4 and NB4-R2 cells showed a reduction in the levels of polymerized tubulin upon compound 2 exposure, which indicates tubulin as a target of the drug. Molecular docking supports this hypothesis. Taken together, these data indicated that compound 2 exhibits antileukemic effects through disrupting the microtubule dynamics, identifying a possible novel potential antineoplastic agent for the treatment of ATRA-resistant APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Passos Vicari
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Keli Lima
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Ralph da Costa Gomes
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Daniara Cristina Fernandes
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, SP, 13083-970, Brazil; Currently at Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo, Matão, SP, 15991-502, Brazil
| | - Jean Carlos Lipreri da Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Fernando Coelho
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Leticia Veras Costa-Lotufo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - João Agostinho Machado-Neto
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil.
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19
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Kang H, Wang N, Wang X, Zhang Y, Lin S, Mao G, Liu D, Dang C, Zhou Z. A glycolysis-related gene signature predicts prognosis of patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:25828-25844. [PMID: 33234735 PMCID: PMC7803571 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a growing problem with a rapidly rising incidence and carries a poor prognosis. We aimed to develop a glycolysis-related gene signature to predict the prognostic outcome of patients with EAC. Results: Five genes (CLDN9, GFPT1, HMMR, RARS and STMN1) were correlated with prognosis of EAC patients. Patients were classified into high-risk and low-risk groups calculated by Cox regression analysis, based on the five gene signature risk score. The five-gene signature was an independent biomarker for prognosis and patients with low risk scores showed better prognosis. Nomogram incorporating the gene signature and clinical prognostic factors was effective in predicting the overall survival. Conclusion: An innovative identified glycolysis-related gene signature and an effective nomogram reliably predicted the prognosis of EAC patients. Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas database was investigated for the gene expression profile of EAC patients. Glycolytic gene sets difference between EAC and normal tissues were identified via Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis were utilized to construct a prognostic gene signature. The signature was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curves and Kaplan–Meier curves. A prognosis model integrating clinical parameters with the gene signature was established with nomogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafeng Kang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Lin
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guochao Mao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chengxue Dang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhangjian Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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20
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Dekker LJM, Kannegieter NM, Haerkens F, Toth E, Kros JM, Steenhoff Hov DA, Fillebeen J, Verschuren L, Leenstra S, Ressa A, Luider TM. Multiomics profiling of paired primary and recurrent glioblastoma patient tissues. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:vdaa083. [PMID: 32793885 PMCID: PMC7415260 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaa083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite maximal therapy with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, glioblastoma (GBM) patients have a median survival of only 15 months. Almost all patients inevitably experience symptomatic tumor recurrence. A hallmark of this tumor type is the large heterogeneity between patients and within tumors itself which relates to the failure of standardized tumor treatment. In this study, tissue samples of paired primary and recurrent GBM tumors were investigated to identify individual factors related to tumor progression. Methods Paired primary and recurrent GBM tumor tissues from 8 patients were investigated with a multiomics approach using transcriptomics, proteomics, and phosphoproteomics. Results In the studied patient cohort, large variations between and within patients are observed for all omics analyses. A few pathways affected at the different omics levels partly overlapped if patients are analyzed at the individual level, such as synaptogenesis (containing the SNARE complex) and cholesterol metabolism. Phosphoproteomics revealed increased STMN1(S38) phosphorylation as part of ERBB4 signaling. A pathway tool has been developed to visualize and compare different omics datasets per patient and showed potential therapeutic drugs, such as abobotulinumtoxinA (synaptogenesis) and afatinib (ERBB4 signaling). Afatinib is currently in clinical trials for GBM. Conclusions A large variation on all omics levels exists between and within GBM patients. Therefore, it will be rather unlikely to find a drug treatment that would fit all patients. Instead, a multiomics approach offers the potential to identify affected pathways on the individual patient level and select treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennard J M Dekker
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Emma Toth
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan M Kros
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Lars Verschuren
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Sieger Leenstra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Theo M Luider
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Alabiad MA, Harb OA, Abdelfattah MT, El-Shafaay BS, El-Taher AK, El-Hendawy EI. The values of Transgelin, Stathmin, BCOR and Cyclin-D1 expression in differentiation between Uterine Leiomyosarcoma (ULMS) and Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma (ESS); diagnostic and prognostic implications. SURGICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s42047-020-00065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Morphologic distinction between uterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS) and endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) alone is not straightforward and has been shown to be challenging especially with poor differentiation, so immunohistochemistry (IHC) is often employed as an adjunct to morphology in uterine sarcoma.
Aim
We aimed to assess the diagnostic utility of Transgelin, Stathmin, BCOR and Cyclin-D1 separately and in-combinations in distinguishing ULMS from ESS, and to evaluate their prognostic value in patients with such sarcoma subtypes.
Material and Methods
We included 44 patients with uterine sarcoma. The diagnostic performances of Transgelin, Stathmin, BCOR and Cyclin-D1 were assessed in samples from all patients using immunohistochemistry.
Results
The combination of Stathmin and Transgelin expression has high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of LMS and differentiating it from ESS; 95.5% and associated with poor prognosis in LMS patients.
The combination of BCOR and Cyclin-D1 expression has high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of ESS and differentiating it from LMS; 90.9% and 95.5% respectively and associated with poor prognosis in ESS patients. The combination of Stathmin and Transgelin, BCOR and CyclinD1 expression has high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of LMS and differentiating it from ESS; 100%.
Conclusion
Combination of Stathmin, Transgelin, BCOR and Cycline-D1 raised the accuracy of differentiation between ULMS and ESS to 100% and has prognostic roles in such sarcomas.
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22
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Gao J, Ma S, Yang F, Chen X, Wang W, Zhang J, Li Y, Wang T, Shan L. miR‑193b exhibits mutual interaction with MYC, and suppresses growth and metastasis of osteosarcoma. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:139-155. [PMID: 32377743 PMCID: PMC7254955 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has indicated that microRNAs (miRs) are involved in the malignant behavior of cancer. The present study explored the role of miR‑193b in the development and metastasis of osteosarcoma. Compared with F4 osteosarcoma cells, which have a relatively low metastatic potential, highly metastatic F5M2 cells exhibited a lower expression of miR‑193b. Furthermore, miR‑193b exerted negative effects on cell proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle progression, migration and invasion, and induced apoptosis. In vivo studies revealed negative influences of miR‑193b on tumorigenesis and metastasis. The tumor‑suppressive role of miR‑193b was achieved by targeting KRAS and stathmin 1 (STMN1). Notably, overexpression of KRAS and STMN1 attenuated the miR‑193b‑induced inhibition of malignant behaviors. There was a double‑negative regulatory loop between MYC and miR‑193b, with MYC inhibiting miR‑193b expression by directly binding to its promoter region and miR‑193b negatively influencing MYC expression indirectly through some unknown mechanism. Collectively, these findings indicated that miR‑193b may serve a tumor suppressive role in osteosarcoma by targeting KRAS and STMN1. The double‑negative regulatory loop between MYC and miR‑193b may contribute to the sustained upregulation of MYC, the downregulation of miR‑193b, and to the subsequently enhanced expression of KRAS and STMN1, which may eventually lead to the development and metastasis of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjian Gao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Sai Ma
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Yufang Li
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Lequn Shan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
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23
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Janacova L, Faktor J, Capkova L, Paralova V, Pospisilova A, Podhorec J, Ebhardt HA, Hrstka R, Nenutil R, Aebersold R, Bouchal P. SWATH-MS Analysis of FFPE Tissues Identifies Stathmin as a Potential Marker of Endometrial Cancer in Patients Exposed to Tamoxifen. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:2617-2630. [PMID: 32343582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A specific form of endometrial cancer (EC) can develop in breast cancer patients previously treated with tamoxifen (ET), an antagonist of estrogen receptor (ER) that inhibits proliferation of ER positive breast cancer. ET tumors have a different phenotype than endometrial tumors, which typically develop de novo without previous exposure to tamoxifen (EN). Here we aimed to identify specific protein markers that could serve as specific molecular targets in either phenotype. A set of total 45 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) endometrial tumor tissues and adjacent myometrium tissue samples were analyzed using LC-MS/MS in SWATH-MS mode. We found that calcyphosin (CAPS) levels were elevated in EN tumors compared to ET tumors. The higher CAPS level in EC tissue invading to myometrium supports its relationship to EC aggressiveness. Further, stathmin (STMN1) levels were found significantly elevated in ET versus EN tumors and significantly associated with patient survival. This finding connects elevated levels of this cell cycle regulating, proliferation-associated protein with tamoxifen exposure. In summary, using SWATH-MS we show that CAPS and STMN1 should be recognized as clinicopathologically different EC markers of which STMN1 is specifically connected with a previous tamoxifen exposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Janacova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Faktor
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 65653 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Capkova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Paralova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Pospisilova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Podhorec
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 65653 Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Holger Alexander Ebhardt
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Swiss Federal Institute for Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Roman Hrstka
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 65653 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Nenutil
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 65653 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ruedi Aebersold
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Swiss Federal Institute for Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pavel Bouchal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
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24
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Stathmin expression associates with vascular and immune responses in aggressive breast cancer subgroups. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2914. [PMID: 32076022 PMCID: PMC7031232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59728-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies indicate that stathmin expression associates with PI3K activation in breast cancer, suggesting stathmin as a marker for targetable patient subgroups. Here we assessed stathmin in relation to tumour proliferation, vascular and immune responses, BRCA1 germline status, basal-like differentiation, clinico-pathologic features, and survival. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on breast cancers from two series (cohort 1, n = 187; cohort 2, n = 198), and mass spectrometry data from 24 cases and 12 breast cancer cell lines was examined for proteomic profiles. Open databases were also explored (TCGA, METABRIC, Oslo2 Landscape cohort, Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia). High stathmin expression associated with tumour proliferation, p53 status, basal-like differentiation, BRCA1 genotype, and high-grade histology. These patterns were confirmed using mRNA data. Stathmin mRNA further associated with tumour angiogenesis, immune responses and reduced survival. By logistic regression, stathmin protein independently predicted a BRCA1 genotype (OR 10.0, p = 0.015) among ER negative tumours. Cell line analysis (Connectivity Map) implied PI3K inhibition in tumours with high stathmin. Altogether, our findings indicate that stathmin might be involved in the regulation of tumour angiogenesis and immune responses in breast cancer, in addition to tumour proliferation. Cell data point to potential effects of PI3K inhibition in tumours with high stathmin expression.
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25
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Ju WT, Ma HL, Zhao TC, Liang SY, Zhu DW, Wang LZ, Li J, Zhang ZY, Zhou G, Zhong LP. Stathmin guides personalized therapy in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:1303-1313. [PMID: 31994271 PMCID: PMC7156844 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival benefit from docetaxel, cisplatin and 5‐fluorouracil (TPF) induction chemotherapy in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients is not satisfactory. Previously, we identified that stathmin, a microtubule‐destabilizing protein, is overexpressed in OSCC. Here, we further investigated its role as a biomarker that impacts on OSCC chemosensitivity. We analyzed the predictive value of stathmin on TPF induction chemotherapy and its impact on OSCC cell chemosensitivity. Then, we further investigated the therapeutic effects of the combination therapy of TPF chemotherapy and PI3K‐AKT‐mTOR inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. We found that OSCC patients with low stathmin expression benefited from TPF induction chemotherapy, while OSCC patients with high stathmin expression could not benefit from TPF induction chemotherapy. Stathmin overexpression promoted cellular proliferation and decreased OSCC cell sensitivity to TPF treatment. In addition, inhibition of the PI3K‐AKT‐mTOR signaling pathway decreased stathmin expression and phosphorylation. The combination therapy of TPF chemotherapy and PI3K‐AKT‐mTOR inhibitors exhibited a potent antitumor effect both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, stathmin can be used as a predictive biomarker for TPF induction chemotherapy and a combination therapy regimen based on stathmin expression might improve the survival of OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Tong Ju
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hai-Long Ma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong-Chao Zhao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Yuan Liang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Wang Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Zhen Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ge Zhou
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lai-Ping Zhong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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26
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Zhao E, Shen Y, Amir M, Farris AB, Czaja MJ. Stathmin 1 Induces Murine Hepatocyte Proliferation and Increased Liver Mass. Hepatol Commun 2020; 4:38-49. [PMID: 31909354 PMCID: PMC6939544 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The endogenous cellular signals that initiate the transition of hepatocytes from quiescence to proliferation remain unclear. The protein stathmin 1 (STMN1) is highly expressed in dividing cells, including hepatocytes, and functions to promote cell mitosis through physical interactions with tubulin and microtubules that regulate mitotic spindle formation. The recent finding that STMN1 mediates the resistance of cultured hepatocytes to oxidant stress led to an examination of the expression and function of this protein in the liver in vivo. STMN1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein were essentially undetectable in normal mouse liver but increased markedly in response to oxidant injury from carbon tetrachloride. Similarly, levels of STMN1 mRNA and protein were increased in human livers from patients with acute fulminant hepatic failure. To determine STMN1 function in the liver in vivo, mice were infected with a control or Stmn1-expressing adenovirus. Stmn1 expression induced spontaneous liver enlargement with a doubling of the liver to body weight ratio. The increase in liver mass resulted, in part, from hepatocellular hypertrophy but mainly from an induction of hepatocyte proliferation. STMN1 expression led to marked increases in the numbers of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-positive and mitotic hepatocytes and hepatic nuclear levels of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases. STMN1-induced hepatocyte proliferation was followed by an apoptotic response and a return of the liver to its normal mass. Conclusion: STMN1 promotes entry of quiescent hepatocytes into the cell cycle. STMN1 expression by itself in the absence of any reduction in liver mass is sufficient to stimulate a hepatic proliferative response that significantly increases liver mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enpeng Zhao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY
| | - Yang Shen
- Division of Digestive DiseasesDepartment of MedicineEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGA
| | - Muhammad Amir
- Division of Digestive DiseasesDepartment of MedicineEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGA
| | - Alton B. Farris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGA
| | - Mark J. Czaja
- Division of Digestive DiseasesDepartment of MedicineEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGA
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Drug-Loaded Microbubbles Combined with Ultrasound for Thrombolysis and Malignant Tumor Therapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6792465. [PMID: 31662987 PMCID: PMC6791276 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6792465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac-cerebral thrombosis and malignant tumor endanger the safety of human life seriously. Traditional chemotherapy drugs have side effects which restrict their applications. Drug-loaded microbubbles can be destroyed by ultrasound irradiation at the focus position and be used for thrombolysis and tumor therapy. Compared with traditional drug treatment, the drug-loaded microbubbles can be excited by ultrasound and release drugs to lesion sites, increasing the local drug concentration and the exposure dose to nonfocal regions, thus reducing the cytotoxicity and side effects of drugs. This article reviews the applications of drug-loaded microbubbles combined with ultrasound for thrombolysis and tumor therapy. We focus on highlighting the advantages of using this new technique for disease treatment and concluding with recommendations for future efforts on the applications of this technology.
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28
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Dos Santos Passaia B, Lima K, Kremer JL, da Conceição BB, de Paula Mariani BM, da Silva JCL, Zerbini MCN, Fragoso MCBV, Machado-Neto JA, Lotfi CFP. Stathmin 1 is highly expressed and associated with survival outcome in malignant adrenocortical tumours. Invest New Drugs 2019; 38:899-908. [PMID: 31441020 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-019-00846-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an aggressive endocrine cancer with few molecular predictors of malignancy and survival, especially in paediatric patients. Stathmin 1 (STMN1) regulates microtubule dynamics and has been involved in the malignant phenotype of cancer cells. Recently, it was reported that STMN1 is highly expressed in ACC patients, and STMN1 silencing reduces the clonogenicity and migration of ACC cell lines. However, the prognostic significance of STMN1 and its therapeutic potential remain undefined in ACC. In the present study, STMN1 mRNA levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in ACC patients, especially in an advanced stage, and correlated with BUB1B and PINK1 expression, the prognostic-related genes in ACC. In paediatric tumours, high STMN1 expression was observed in both adrenocortical carcinoma and adrenocortical adenoma patients. Among the adult malignant tumours, STMN1 level was an independent predictor of survival outcomes (overall survival: hazard ratio = 6.08, p = 0.002; disease-free survival: hazard ratio = 4.65, p < 0.0001). Paclitaxel, a microtubule-stabilizing drug, reduces the activation of STMN1 and significantly decreases cell migration and invasion in ACC cell lines and ACC cells from secondary cell culture (all p < 0.0001). In summary, STMN1 expression may be of great value to clinical and pathological findings in therapeutic trials and deserves future studies in ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Dos Santos Passaia
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Keli Lima
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean Lucas Kremer
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Barbara Brito da Conceição
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Marinho de Paula Mariani
- Adrenal Unit, Hormone and Molecular Genetic Laboratory/LIM42, Hospital of Clinics, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Claudia Nogueira Zerbini
- Division of Anatomy Pathology, Laboratory of Liver Pathology/LIM14, Hospital of Clinics, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Claudimara Ferini Pacicco Lotfi
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
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29
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Saffarian A, Tarokh A, Reza Haghshenas M, Taghipour M, Chenari N, Ghaderi A, Razmkhah M. Proteomics Study of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Like Cells Isolated from Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Meningioma. CURR PROTEOMICS 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164616666190204161453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contains pro-growth factors that can affect proliferation, migration and differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs).Objective:This study aimed to isolate MSC like cells from CSF of patients with meningioma and psudotumorcerebri (PTC) and identify differentially expressed proteins in these cells.Methods:Five patients with newly diagnosed intracranial meningioma and five patients with PTC were recruited in this comparative proteomics study. MSCs were isolated from CSF and validated by mesenchyml and non-mesenchyml fluorochrome antibodies, and flow cytometer analysis. Two- Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with Mass Spectrometry (MS) was performed to identify differentially expressed proteins.Results:Microscopic views of the isolated cells as well as flow cytometer analysis were found to be compatible with MSC-like cells. Eight distinct protein spots were differentially and reproducibly expressed among the stained gels of two studied groups. The identified proteins were Phosphoglycerate Mutase 1 (PGAM1), LIM and SH3 domain protein (LASP1), peroxiredoxin-6 (PRDX-6), type I cytoskeletal 9 (KRT9), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), endoplasmin, Stathmin 1 (STMN1), and glutathione S-transferase (GST).Conclusion:This study provides new insights into the plausible role of CSF derived MSCs in cancer progression, and reveals a promising therapeutic opportunity for targeting of MSC proteins in patients with meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Saffarian
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Tarokh
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Haghshenas
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mousa Taghipour
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nooshafarin Chenari
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ghaderi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Razmkhah
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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30
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Zhang D, Dai L, Yang Z, Wang X, LanNing Y. Association of STMN1 with survival in solid tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Biol Markers 2019; 34:108-116. [PMID: 30966849 DOI: 10.1177/1724600819837210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic value of Stathmin 1 (STMN1) in malignant solid tumors remains controversial. Thus, we conducted this meta-analysis to summarize the potential value of STMN1 as a biomarker for predicting overall survival in patients with solid tumor. METHODS We systematically searched eligible studies in PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE from the establishment date of these databases to September 2018. Hazard ratio (HR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the association between STMN1 expression and overall survival. RESULTS A total of 25 studies with 4625 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Our combined results showed that high STMN1 expression was associated with poor overall survival in solid tumors (HR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.55, 2.21). In general, our subgroup and sensitivity analyses demonstrated that our combined results were stable and reliable. However, from the results of the subgroups we found that high STMN1 expression was not related to overall survival in colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer anymore, suggesting that much caution should be taken to interpret our combined result, and more studies with large sample sizes are required to further explore the prognostic value of STMN1 expression in the specific type of tumors, especially colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer. CONCLUSIONS STMN1 could serve as a prognostic biomarker and could be developed as a valuable therapeutic target for patients with solid tumors. However, due to the limitations of the present meta-analysis, this conclusion should be taken with caution. Further studies adequately designed are required to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,2 Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Lizhen Dai
- 3 Department of Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - ZengXi Yang
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,2 Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - XiChen Wang
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,2 Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yin LanNing
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,2 Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
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Iuchi S, Paulo JA. Lysine-specific demethylase 2A enhances binding of various nuclear factors to CpG-rich genomic DNAs by action of its CXXC-PHD domain. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5496. [PMID: 30940825 PMCID: PMC6445129 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41896-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The lysine-specific demethylase 2A gene (KDM2A) is ubiquitously expressed and its transcripts consist of several alternatively spliced forms, including KDM2A and the shorter form N782 that lacks the 3' end encoding F-box and LRR. KDM2A binds to numerous CpG-rich genomic loci and regulates various cellular activities; however, the mechanism of the pleiotropic function is unknown. Here, we identify the mechanism of KDM2A played by its CXXC-PHD domain. KDM2A is necessary for a rapid proliferation of post-natal keratinocytes while its 3' end eclipses the stimulatory effect. EGFP-N782 binds to chromatin together with the XRCC5/6 complex, and the CXXC-PHD domain regulates the CpG-rich IGFBPL1 promoter. In vitro, CXXC-PHD enhances binding of nuclear extract ORC3 to the CpG-rich promoter, but not to the AT-rich DIP2B promoter to which ORC3 binds constitutively. Furthermore, CXXC-PHD recruits 94 nuclear factors involved in replication, ribosome synthesis, and mitosis, including POLR1A to the IGFBPL1 promoter. This recruitment is unprecedented; however, the result suggests that these nuclear factors bind to their cognate loci, as substantiated by the result that CXXC-PHD recruits POLR1A to the rDNA promoter. We propose that CXXC-PHD promotes permissiveness for nuclear factors to interact, but involvement of the XRCC5/6 complex in the recruitment is undetermined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Iuchi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 20115, USA.
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 20115, USA
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Stathmin is a potential therapeutic target but not a prognostic marker in melanoma: an immunohistochemical study of 323 melanocytic lesions. Melanoma Res 2018; 29:157-162. [PMID: 30422880 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In several solid tumors, an increased stathmin expression is associated with both poor prognosis and resistance to certain chemotherapy types. However, the data regarding melanocytic lesions are very limited. The goals of our study are as follows: the assessment of stathmin expression in benign and malignant melanocytic lesions, and the significance of its expression for the differential diagnostics between benign and malignant lesions; the analysis of the prognostic significance of stathmin expression in melanoma; and the evaluation of stathmin expression in melanoma and melanoma metastases with respect to possible therapeutic targeting. Immunohistochemical analysis of stathmin expression was done in 323 melanocytic lesions, including 205 primary cutaneous melanomas, 60 melanoma metastases, and 58 melanocytic nevi. Stathmin expression was found in all analyzed groups of melanocytic lesions. Using the H-scoring system, the observed intensity of expression was as follows: melanocytic nevi: 146.1 (mean) and 150 (median); melanomas: 116.7 (mean) and 110 (median); and melanoma metastases: 136.8 (mean) and 140 (median). The stathmin expression was significantly lower in the cohort of primary melanomas when compared with metastases and nevi (P=0.001). The stathmin expression showed no prognostic significance. The high stathmin expression in melanoma suggests that stathmin might be a promising marker for therapeutic targeting in ongoing clinical trials. Compared with several other solid tumors, stathmin expression in melanoma showed no prognostic significance. The potential use of stathmin expression in differential diagnostics is limited by its common expression, and despite the statistically significant differences between nevi and melanoma, it may not be used in this setting.
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Assali A, Akhavan O, Mottaghitalab F, Adeli M, Dinarvand R, Razzazan S, Arefian E, Soleimani M, Atyabi F. Cationic graphene oxide nanoplatform mediates miR-101 delivery to promote apoptosis by regulating autophagy and stress. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:5865-5886. [PMID: 30319254 PMCID: PMC6171513 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s162647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction MicroRNA-101 (miR-101) is an intense cancer suppressor with special algorithm to target a wide range of pathways and genes which indicates the ability to regulate apoptosis, cellular stress, metastasis, autophagy, and tumor growth. Silencing of some genes such as Stathmin1 with miR-101 can be interpreted as apoptotic accelerator and autophagy suppressor. It is hypothesized that hybrid microRNA (miRNA) delivery structures based on cationized graphene oxide (GO) could take superiority of targeting and photothermal therapy to suppress the cancer cells. Materials and methods In this study, GO nanoplatforms were covalently decorated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and poly-l-arginine (P-l-Arg) that reduced the surface of GO and increased the near infrared absorption ~7.5-fold higher than nonreduced GO. Results The prepared nanoplatform [GO-PEG-(P-l-Arg)] showed higher miRNA payload and greater internalization and facilitated endosomal scape into the cytoplasm in comparison with GO-PEG. Furthermore, applying P-l-Arg, as a targeting agent, greatly improved the selective transfection of nanoplatform in cancer cells (MCF7, MDA-MB-231) in comparison with immortalized breast cells and fibroblast primary cells. Treating cancer cells with GO-PEG-(P-l-Arg)/miR-101 and incorporating near infrared laser irradiation induced 68% apoptosis and suppressed Stathmin1 protein. Conclusion The obtained results indicated that GO-PEG-(P-l-Arg) would be a suitable targeted delivery system of miR-101 transfection that could downregulate autophagy and conduct thermal stress to activate apoptotic cascades when combined with photothermal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Assali
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Omid Akhavan
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mottaghitalab
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Mohsen Adeli
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Shayan Razzazan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Arefian
- Molecular Virology Lab, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Hematology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
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Rong B, Nan Y, Liu H, Gao W. Increased stathmin correlates with advanced stage and poor survival of non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Biomark 2018; 19:35-43. [PMID: 28282798 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies show that overexpression of stathmin involved in the malignant biological behavior of lung cancer. This investigation is to disclose the expression status of stathmin in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its clinical value for the diagnosis and prognosis to lung cancer. METHODS The expression of stathmin in cells and tissues of NSCLC was examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC), in-situ hybridization (ISH), and Western blot. The correlation between stathmin expression and survival of lung cancer patients was evaluated by a Kaplan-Meier method and the multiple regression analysis. RESULTS NSCLC tissues and cells showed an overexpression of stathmin compared with normal lung tissues and cells (p< 0.05). And the expression level of stathmin was significantly associated with lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) (p< 0.05), lymphatic invasion (p< 0.05) and advanced stages of NSCLC (p< 0.05). Moreover, overexpression of stathmin predicted a reduced survival (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Increased stathmin correlated with pathologic grade, lymphatic invasion, advanced stage and poor survival of NSCLC, which indicated that stathmin could serve as a potential biomarker of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biaoxue Rong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710077, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yandong Nan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wenlong Gao
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Rong B, Yang S. Molecular mechanism and targeted therapy of Hsp90 involved in lung cancer: New discoveries and developments (Review). Int J Oncol 2017; 52:321-336. [PMID: 29207057 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The exploration of the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways on lung cancer is very important for developing new strategies of diagnosis and treatment to this disease, such as finding valuable lung cancer markers and molecularly targeted therapies. Previously, a number of studies disclose that heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is upregulated in cancer cells, tissues and serum of lung cancer patients, and its upregulation intimately correlates with the occurrence, development and outcome of lung cancer. On the contrary, inhibition of Hsp90 can suppress cell proliferation, motility and metastasis of lung cancer and promote apoptosis of lung cancer cells via complex signaling pathways. In addition, a series of Hsp90 inhibitors have been investigated as effective molecular targeted therapy tactics fighting against lung cancer. This review, systematically summarizes the role of Hsp90 in lung cancer, the molecular mechanisms and development of anti-Hsp90 treatment in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biaoxue Rong
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Shuanying Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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36
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Shrestha D, Kim N, Song K. Stathmin/Op18 depletion induces genomic instability and leads to premature senescence in human normal fibroblasts. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:2381-2395. [PMID: 28885720 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Stathmin/oncoprotein18 regulates microtubule dynamics and participates in mitotic entry and exit. We isolated stathmin as a physically interacting partner of KIFC1, a minus-end-directed kinesin functioning in bipolar spindle formation and maintenance. We found that stathmin depletion leads to multipolar spindle formation in IMR-90 normal human fibroblasts. Stathmin-depleted IMR-90 cells showed early mitotic delay but managed to undergo chromosome segregation by forming multiple poles or pseudo-bipoles. Consistent with these observations, lagging chromosomes, and micronuclei were elevated in stathmin-depleted IMR-90 cells, demonstrating that stathmin is essential for maintaining genomic stability during mitosis in human cells. Genomic instability induced by stathmin depletion led to premature senescence without any indication of cell death in normal IMR-90 cells. Double knock-down of both stathmin and p53 also did not induce cell death in IMR-90 cells, while the stathmin knock-down triggered apoptosis in p53-proficient human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Our results suggest that stathmin is essential in bipolar spindle formation to maintain genomic stability during mitosis, and the depletion of stathmin prevents the initiation of chromosome instability by inducing senescence in human normal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepmala Shrestha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Namil Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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37
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Chakravarthi BVSK, Chandrashekar DS, Agarwal S, Balasubramanya SAH, Pathi SS, Goswami MT, Jing X, Wang R, Mehra R, Asangani IA, Chinnaiyan AM, Manne U, Sonpavde G, Netto GJ, Gordetsky J, Varambally S. miR-34a Regulates Expression of the Stathmin-1 Oncoprotein and Prostate Cancer Progression. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 16:1125-1137. [PMID: 29025958 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In aggressive prostate cancers, the oncoprotein STMN1 (also known as stathmin 1 and oncoprotein 18) is often overexpressed. STMN1 is involved in various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, motility, and tumor metastasis. Here, it was found that the expression of STMN1 RNA and protein is elevated in metastatic prostate cancers. Knockdown of STMN1 resulted in reduced proliferation and invasion of cells and tumor growth and metastasis in vivo Furthermore, miR-34a downregulated STMN1 by directly binding to its 3'-UTR. Overexpression of miR-34a in prostate cancer cells reduced proliferation and colony formation, suggesting that it is a tumor suppressor. The transcriptional corepressor C-terminal binding protein 1 (CtBP1) negatively regulated expression of miR-34a. Furthermore, gene expression profiling of STMN1-modulated prostate cancer cells revealed molecular alterations, including elevated expression of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), which is involved in cancer progression and potentially in STMN1-mediated oncogenesis. Thus, in prostate cancer, CtBP1-regulated miR-34a modulates STMN1 expression and is involved in cancer progression through the CtBP1\miR-34a\STMN1\GDF15 axis.Implications: The CtBP1\miR-34a\STMN1\GDF15 axis is a potential therapeutic target for treatment of aggressive prostate cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 16(7); 1125-37. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balabhadrapatruni V S K Chakravarthi
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Sumit Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Satya S Pathi
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Moloy T Goswami
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Xiaojun Jing
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rui Wang
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rohit Mehra
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Irfan A Asangani
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Upender Manne
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Guru Sonpavde
- Department of Medical Oncology, GU section, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - George J Netto
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jennifer Gordetsky
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sooryanarayana Varambally
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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38
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Machado-Neto JA, Rodrigues Alves APN, Fernandes JC, Coelho-Silva JL, Scopim-Ribeiro R, Fenerich BA, da Silva FB, Scheucher PS, Simões BP, Rego EM, Traina F. Paclitaxel induces Stathmin 1 phosphorylation, microtubule stability and apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00405. [PMID: 29034341 PMCID: PMC5629349 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a hematological malignancy characterized by abnormal proliferation and accumulation of lymphoblasts in the hematopoietic system. Stathmin 1 is a proliferation marker for normal lymphocytes, which has been described as highly expressed in ALL patients and functionally important for leukemia phenotype. In the present study, we expand our previous observations and aim to investigate Stathmin 1 expression and its impact on laboratory features and clinical outcomes in an independent cohort of ALL patients, and to verify the effects of paclitaxel treatment on Stathmin 1 phosphorylation and cell viability in ALL cell lines. In ALL patients, Stathmin 1 expression was significantly increased, associated with lower age onset and positively correlated with white blood cell counts, but did not impact on clinical outcomes. Functional assays revealed that paclitaxel induces Stathmin 1 phosphorylation at serine 16 (an inhibitory site), microtubule stability and apoptosis in Jurkat and Namalwa cell lines. Paclitaxel treatment did not modulate cell viability of normal peripheral blood leukocytes. In conclusion, our data confirm increased levels of Stathmin 1 in ALL patients and that therapeutic doses of paclitaxel inhibits Stathmin 1 function and promote microtubule stability and apoptosis in ALL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Agostinho Machado-Neto
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Nunes Rodrigues Alves
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Cristina Fernandes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juan Luiz Coelho-Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Scopim-Ribeiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Alves Fenerich
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Borges da Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Santos Scheucher
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Belinda Pinto Simões
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Magalhães Rego
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Traina
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
FtsZ, a homolog of tubulin, is found in almost all bacteria and archaea where it has a primary role in cytokinesis. Evidence for structural homology between FtsZ and tubulin came from their crystal structures and identification of the GTP box. Tubulin and FtsZ constitute a distinct family of GTPases and show striking similarities in many of their polymerization properties. The differences between them, more so, the complexities of microtubule dynamic behavior in comparison to that of FtsZ, indicate that the evolution to tubulin is attributable to the incorporation of the complex functionalities in higher organisms. FtsZ and microtubules function as polymers in cell division but their roles differ in the division process. The structural and partial functional homology has made the study of their dynamic properties more interesting. In this review, we focus on the application of the information derived from studies on FtsZ dynamics to study microtubule dynamics and vice versa. The structural and functional aspects that led to the establishment of the homology between the two proteins are explained to emphasize the network of FtsZ and microtubule studies and how they are connected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Rao Battaje
- Department of Biosciences and BioengineeringIndian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Dulal Panda
- Department of Biosciences and BioengineeringIndian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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40
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Liu H, Li Y, Li Y, Zhou L, Bie L. STMN1 as a candidate gene associated with atypical meningioma progression. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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41
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Wang H, Li W, Wang G, Zhang S, Bie L. Overexpression of STMN1 is associated with the prognosis of meningioma patients. Neurosci Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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42
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Procházková I, Lenčo J, Fučíková A, Dresler J, Čápková L, Hrstka R, Nenutil R, Bouchal P. Targeted proteomics driven verification of biomarker candidates associated with breast cancer aggressiveness. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2017; 1865:488-498. [PMID: 28216224 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common and molecularly relatively well characterized malignant disease in women, however, its progression to metastatic cancer remains lethal for 78% of patients 5years after diagnosis. Novel markers could identify the high risk patients and their verification using quantitative methods is essential to overcome genetic, inter-tumor and intra-tumor variability and translate novel findings into cancer diagnosis and treatment. We recently identified 13 proteins associated with estrogen receptor, tumor grade and lymph node status, the key factors of breast cancer aggressiveness, using untargeted proteomics. Here we verified these findings in the same set of 96 tumors using targeted proteomics based on selected reaction monitoring with mTRAQ labeling (mTRAQ-SRM), transcriptomics and immunohistochemistry and validated in 5 independent sets of 715 patients using transcriptomics. We confirmed: (i) positive association of anterior gradient protein 2 homolog (AGR2) and periostin (POSTN) and negative association of annexin A1 (ANXA1) with estrogen receptor status; (ii) positive association of stathmin (STMN1), cofilin-1 (COF1), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 RNA-binding protein (PAIRBP1) and negative associations of thrombospondin-2 (TSP2) and POSTN levels with tumor grade; and (iii) positive association of POSTN, alpha-actinin-4 (ACTN4) and STMN1 with lymph node status. This study highlights a panel of gene products that can contribute to breast cancer aggressiveness and metastasis, the understanding of which is important for development of more precise breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Procházková
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Zluty kopec 7, 65653 Brno, Czech Republic; Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Lenčo
- University of Defence, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Trebesska 1575, 50001 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Fučíková
- University of Defence, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Trebesska 1575, 50001 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Dresler
- University of Defence, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Trebesska 1575, 50001 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Military Health Institute, Tychonova 1, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Čápková
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Zluty kopec 7, 65653 Brno, Czech Republic; Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Hrstka
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Zluty kopec 7, 65653 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Nenutil
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Zluty kopec 7, 65653 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Bouchal
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Zluty kopec 7, 65653 Brno, Czech Republic; Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic.
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