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Vencato AA, Clerici NJ, Juchem ALM, Veras FF, Rolla HC, Brandelli A. Electrospun nanofibers incorporating lactobionic acid as novel active packaging materials: biological activities and toxicological evaluation. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:135. [PMID: 39215943 PMCID: PMC11365877 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-04084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
In this study, lactobionic acid (LBA) was incorporated into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) by electrospinning. The antimicrobial effects of the nanofibers were tested using the agar diffusion method. Only the PVA formulations showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The PVA and PCL nanofibers containing LBA showed antioxidant activity ranging from 690.33 to 798.67 µM TEAC when tested by the ABTS method. The characterization of nanofibers was performed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and mechanical analysis. The nanofibers showed a uniform morphology and their average diameters ranged from 295.5 to 2778.2 nm. The LBA addition induced a decrease in the enthalpy of fusion (ΔHm) of PVA and PCL nanofibers, while the Young's modulus was reduced from 20 to 10 MPa in PCL and PCL-LBA nanofibers, respectively. No relevant differences were observed between the FTIR spectra of the control nanofibers and the nanofibers containing LBA. All nanofibers presented hemolysis rate below 2%, thus can be considered as non-hemolytic materials. Further toxicological assessment was performed with the selected formulation PVA10 + LBA. The evaluations by mutagenicity assay, cell survival measurement, cell viability analysis and agar diffusion cytotoxicity test indicated that there are no significant toxic effects. Electrospun nanofibers PVA-LBA and PCL-LBA were successfully produced, showing good thermal and mechanical properties and non-toxic effects. Furthermore, the nanofibers showed antimicrobial activity and antioxidant activity. The findings of this study indicate that PVA and PCL electrospun nanofibers incorporating LBA are promising for use in packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Aniele Vencato
- Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia e Microbiologia Aplicada, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Naiara Jacinta Clerici
- Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia e Microbiologia Aplicada, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
| | | | - Flavio Fonseca Veras
- Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia e Microbiologia Aplicada, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
| | | | - Adriano Brandelli
- Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia e Microbiologia Aplicada, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil.
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Pitchakarn P, Buacheen P, Taya S, Karinchai J, Temviriyanukul P, Inthachat W, Chaipoot S, Wiriyacharee P, Phongphisutthinant R, Ounjaijean S, Boonyapranai K. Anti-Inflammatory, Cytotoxic, and Genotoxic Effects of Soybean Oligopeptides Conjugated with Mannose. Foods 2024; 13:2558. [PMID: 39200485 PMCID: PMC11353420 DOI: 10.3390/foods13162558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Soy protein is considered to be a high-quality protein with a range of important biological functions. However, the applications of soy protein are limited due to its poor solubility and high level of allergenicity. Its peptides have been of interest because they exert the same biological functions as soy protein, but are easier to absorb, more stable and soluble, and have a lower allergenicity. Moreover, recent research found that an attachment of chemical moieties to peptides could improve their properties including their biodistribution, pharmacokinetic, and biological activities with lower toxicity. This study therefore aimed to acquire scientific evidence to support the further application and safe use of the soybean oligopeptide (OT) conjugated with allulose (OT-AL) or D-mannose (OT-Man). The anti-inflammation, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity of OT, OT-AL, and OT-Man were investigated. The results showed that OT, AL, Man, OT-AL, and OT-Man at doses of up to 1000 µg/mL were not toxic to HepG2 (liver cancer cells), HEK293 (kidney cells), LX-2 (hepatic stellate cells), and pre- and mature-3T3-L1 (fibroblasts and adipocytes, respectively), while slightly delaying the proliferation of RAW 264.7 cells (macrophages) at high doses. In addition, the oligopeptides at up to 800 µg/mL were not toxic to isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and did not induce hemolysis in human red blood cells (RBCs). OT-Man (200 and 400 µg/mL), but not OT, AL, Man, and OT-AL, significantly reduced the production of NO and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 cells, suggesting that the mannose conjugation of soy peptide had an inhibitory effect against LPS-stimulated inflammation. In addition, the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) stimulated by LPS was significantly reduced by OT-AL (200 and 400 µg/mL) and OT-Man (400 µg/mL). The tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level was significantly decreased by OT (400 µg/mL), AL (400 µg/mL), OT-AL (200 µg/mL), and OT-Man (200 and 400 µg/mL) in the LPS-stimulated cells. The conjugation of the peptides with either AL or Man is likely to be enhance the anti-inflammation ability to inhibit the secretion of cytokines. As OT-Man exhibited a high potential to inhibit LPS-induced inflammation in macrophages, its mutagenicity ability was then assessed in bacteria and Drosophila. These findings showed that OT-Man did not trigger DNA mutations and was genome-safe. This study provides possible insights into the health advantages and safe use of conjugated soybean peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornsiri Pitchakarn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Muang Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.P.); (P.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Pensiri Buacheen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Muang Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.P.); (P.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Sirinya Taya
- Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.T.); (S.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Jirarat Karinchai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Muang Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.P.); (P.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Piya Temviriyanukul
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (P.T.); (W.I.)
| | - Woorawee Inthachat
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (P.T.); (W.I.)
| | - Supakit Chaipoot
- Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.T.); (S.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Pairote Wiriyacharee
- Processing and Product Development Factory, The Royal Project Foundation, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
| | - Rewat Phongphisutthinant
- Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.T.); (S.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Sakaewan Ounjaijean
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Kongsak Boonyapranai
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
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Wang PX, Wu SL, Ju JQ, Jiao L, Zou YJ, Zhang KH, Sun SC, Hu LL, Zheng XB. Benzo[a]pyrene exposure disrupts the organelle distribution and function of mouse oocytes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 281:116630. [PMID: 38917590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound that is generated during combustion processes, and is present in various substances such as foods, tobacco smoke, and burning emissions. BaP is extensively acknowledged as a highly carcinogenic substance to induce multiple forms of cancer, such as lung cancer, skin cancer, and stomach cancer. Recently it is shown to adversely affect the reproductive system. Nevertheless, the potential toxicity of BaP on oocyte quality remains unclear. In this study, we established a BaP exposure model via mouse oral gavage and found that BaP exposure resulted in a notable decrease in the ovarian weight, number of GV oocytes in ovarian, and oocyte maturation competence. BaP exposure caused ribosomal dysfunction, characterized by a decrease in the expression of RPS3 and HPG in oocytes. BaP exposure also caused abnormal distribution of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and induced ER stress, as indicated by increased expression of GRP78. Besides, the Golgi apparatus exhibited an abnormal localization pattern, which was confirmed by the GM130 localization. Disruption of vesicle transport processes was observed by the abnormal expression and localization of Rab10. Additionally, an enhanced lysosome and LC3 fluorescence intensity indicated the occurrence of protein degradation in oocytes. In summary, our results suggested that BaP exposure disrupted the distribution and functioning of organelles, consequently affecting the developmental competence of mouse oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Xia Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Si-Le Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jia-Qian Ju
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Le Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuan-Jing Zou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kun-Huan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lin-Lin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Research on Clinical Molecular Diagnosis for High Incidence Diseases in Western Guangxi, Reproductive Medicine of Guangxi Medical and Health Key Discipline Construction Project, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China.
| | - Xi-Bang Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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Ng GYQ, Hande MP. Use of peptide nucleic acid probe to determine telomere dynamics in improving chromosome analysis in genetic toxicology studies. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2024; 897:503773. [PMID: 39054004 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2024.503773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Genetic toxicology, strategically located at the intersection of genetics and toxicology, aims to demystify the complex interplay between exogenous agents and our genetic blueprint. Telomeres, the protective termini of chromosomes, play instrumental roles in cellular longevity and genetic stability. Traditionally karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), have been indispensable tools for chromosomal analysis following exposure to genotoxic agents. However, their scope in discerning nuanced molecular dynamics is limited. Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNAs) are synthetic entities that embody characteristics of both proteins and nucleic acids and have emerged as potential game-changers. This perspective report comprehensively examines the vast potential of PNAs in genetic toxicology, with a specific emphasis on telomere research. PNAs' superior resolution and precision make them a favourable choice for genetic toxicological assessments. The integration of PNAs in contemporary analytical workflows heralds a promising evolution in genetic toxicology, potentially revolutionizing diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutic avenues. In this timely review, we attempted to assess the limitations of current PNA-FISH methodology and recommend refinements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Yong Quan Ng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manoor Prakash Hande
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Whorwell P, Lange R, Scarpignato C. Review article: do stimulant laxatives damage the gut? A critical analysis of current knowledge. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2024; 17:17562848241249664. [PMID: 38887508 PMCID: PMC11181897 DOI: 10.1177/17562848241249664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Stimulant laxatives are well established as first- or second-line treatments for constipation and although they have a reliable therapeutic effect, alleged safety concerns still exist, particularly with long-term use. The potential harmful effects on the gastrointestinal system (including carcinogenicity) of the long-term use of diphenylmethane [bisacodyl, sodium picosulfate (SPS)] and senna stimulant laxatives were assessed in a comprehensive review of the publications identified in literature searches performed in PubMed and Embase up to and including June 2023. We identified and reviewed 43 publications of interest. While stimulant laxatives at supratherapeutic doses have been shown to cause structural alterations to surface absorptive cells in animals and humans, these effects are reversible and not considered clinically relevant. No formal long-term studies have demonstrated morphological changes in enteric neural elements or intestinal smooth muscle with bisacodyl or SPS in humans. Furthermore, there is no convincing evidence that stimulant laxatives are associated with the development of colon cancer, and in fact, chronic constipation itself has been reported to potentially increase the risk of colon cancer, therefore, the use of stimulant laxatives might reduce this risk. Many studies suggesting a possible harmful effect from laxatives were limited by their failure to consider confounding factors such as concomitant neurological disease, metabolic disorders, and age. These findings highlight the lack of evidence for the harmful effects of laxatives on the colon, and thus, the benefits of treatment with stimulant laxatives, even in the long-term, should be reconsidered for the management of patients with constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Whorwell
- Neurogastroenterology Unit, Wythenshawe Hospital, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
| | | | - Carmelo Scarpignato
- Department of Health Sciences, United Campus of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
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Vicente ED, Figueiredo D, Alves C. Toxicity of particulate emissions from residential biomass combustion: An overview of in vitro studies using cell models. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:171999. [PMID: 38554951 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
This article aims to critically review the current state of knowledge on in vitro toxicological assessments of particulate emissions from residential biomass heating systems. The review covers various aspects of particulate matter (PM) toxicity, including oxidative stress, inflammation, genotoxicity, and cytotoxicity, all of which have important implications for understanding the development of diseases. Studies in this field have highlighted the different mechanisms that biomass combustion particles activate, which vary depending on the combustion appliances and fuels. In general, particles from conventional combustion appliances are more potent in inducing cytotoxicity, DNA damage, inflammatory responses, and oxidative stress than those from modern appliances. The sensitivity of different cell lines to the toxic effects of biomass combustion particles is also influenced by cell type and culture conditions. One of the main challenges in this field is the considerable variation in sampling strategies, sample processing, experimental conditions, assays, and extraction techniques used in biomass burning PM studies. Advanced culture systems, such as co-cultures and air-liquid interface exposures, can provide more accurate insights into the effects of biomass combustion particles compared to simpler submerged monocultures. This review provides critical insights into the complex field of toxicity from residential biomass combustion emissions, underscoring the importance of continued research and standardisation of methodologies to better understand the associated health hazards and to inform targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Vicente
- Department of Environment and Planning, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - D Figueiredo
- Department of Environment and Planning, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biology, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - C Alves
- Department of Environment and Planning, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Vahidi S, Agah S, Mirzajani E, Asghari Gharakhyli E, Norollahi SE, Rahbar Taramsari M, Babaei K, Samadani AA. microRNAs, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity as the main inducers in the pathobiology of cancer development. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2024; 45:55-73. [PMID: 38507551 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2023-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most serious leading causes of death in the world. Many eclectic factors are involved in cancer progression including genetic and epigenetic alongside environmental ones. In this account, the performance and fluctuations of microRNAs are significant in cancer diagnosis and treatment, particularly as diagnostic biomarkers in oncology. So, microRNAs manage and control the gene expression after transcription by mRNA degradation, or also they can inhibit their translation. Conspicuously, these molecular structures take part in controlling the cellular, physiological and pathological functions, which many of them can accomplish as tumor inhibitors or oncogenes. Relatively, Oxidative stress is defined as the inequality between the creation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body's ability to detoxify the reactive mediators or repair the resulting injury. ROS and microRNAs have been recognized as main cancer promoters and possible treatment targets. Importantly, genotoxicity has been established as the primary reason for many diseases as well as several malignancies. The procedures have no obvious link with mutagenicity and influence the organization, accuracy of the information, or fragmentation of DNA. Conclusively, mutations in these patterns can lead to carcinogenesis. In this review article, we report the impressive and practical roles of microRNAs, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity in the pathobiology of cancer development in conjunction with their importance as reliable cancer biomarkers and their association with circulating miRNA, exosomes and exosomal miRNAs, RNA remodeling, DNA methylation, and other molecular elements in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sogand Vahidi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shahram Agah
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mirzajani
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, 37554 Guilan University of Medical Sciences , Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Seyedeh Elham Norollahi
- Cancer Research Center and Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Morteza Rahbar Taramsari
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, 37554 Guilan University of Medical Sciences , Rasht, Iran
| | - Kosar Babaei
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Samadani
- Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Trauma Institute, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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de Souza AM, Dantas MRDN, Secundo EL, Silva EDC, Silva PF, Moreira SMG, de Medeiros SRB. Are hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials free of genotoxicity? A systematic review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141383. [PMID: 38360416 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a biomaterial widely used in clinical applications and pharmaceuticals. The literature on HA-based materials studies is focused on chemical characterization and biocompatibility. Generally, biocompatibility is analyzed through adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation assays. Fewer studies are looking for genotoxic events. Thus, although HA-based biomaterials are widely used as biomedical devices, there is a lack of literature regarding their genotoxicity. This systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA statement. Specific search strategies were developed and performed in four electronic databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science). The search used "Hydroxyapatite OR Calcium Hydroxyapatite OR durapatite AND genotoxicity OR genotoxic OR DNA damage" and "Hydroxyapatite OR Calcium Hydroxyapatite OR durapatite AND mutagenicity OR mutagenic OR DNA damage" as keywords and articles published from 2000 to 2022, after removing duplicate studies and apply include and exclusion criteria, 53 articles were identified and submitted to a qualitative descriptive analysis. Most of the assays were in vitro and most of the studies did not show genotoxicity. In fact, a protective effect was observed for hydroxyapatites. Only 20 out of 71 tests performed were positive for genotoxicity. However, no point mutation-related mutagenicity was observed. As the genotoxicity of HA-based biomaterials observed was correlated with its nanostructured forms as needles or rods, it is important to follow their effect in chronic exposure to guarantee safe usage in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Monteiro de Souza
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Estefânia Lins Secundo
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Elisângela da Costa Silva
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Priscila Fernandes Silva
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Susana Margarida Gomes Moreira
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
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Silveira FM, Schuch LF, Schimidt TR, Lopes MP, Wagner VP, Só BB, Palo RM, Martins MD. Potentially carcinogenic effects of hydrogen peroxide for tooth bleaching on the oral mucosa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:375-383. [PMID: 35282937 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Little is known about the extent to which hydrogen peroxide as used for tooth bleaching could be carcinogenic to the oral mucosa. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate whether hydrogen peroxide as used for tooth bleaching has carcinogenic effects on the oral mucosa. MATERIAL AND METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase electronic databases were searched. Studies evaluating different outcomes potentially related to the carcinogenic effects of hydrogen peroxide for tooth bleaching on the oral mucosa were included. Risk of bias was assessed by the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), Risk Of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I), or Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tools. The strength of the evidence was assessed by using the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) protocol. The quantitative analysis was performed with means, standard deviations, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was analyzed by using I-squared statistics. RESULTS Thirteen articles comprising 5 animal and 8 clinical studies met the inclusion criteria. Three of the 5 animal studies associated the bleaching agents with a carcinogen and demonstrated an enhancement of the carcinogenic effect, but probably with the bleaching agent acting only as a promoter. Five clinical studies concluded that the bleaching agents did not cause mutagenic stress on the oral mucosa by using the micronucleus test. The meta-analysis demonstrated that the frequency of micronuclei did not differ significantly between baseline and 30 days after bleaching (mean difference: 0.48; 95% CI, -1.49, 2.46; P=.63). CONCLUSIONS This systematic review indicated that hydrogen peroxide does not appear to have carcinogenic effects on the oral mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Martins Silveira
- Adjunct Professor, Molecular Pathology Area, School of Dentistry, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Montevideo, Uruguay; Post-dotoral Fellowship, Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lauren Frenzel Schuch
- PhD student, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tuany Rafaeli Schimidt
- PhD student, Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marina Paparotto Lopes
- Undergraduate student, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Petersen Wagner
- Post-doctoral Fellowship, Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield (UoS), Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Bruna Barcelos Só
- PhD student, Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Renato Miotto Palo
- PhD in Endodontics, Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoela Domingues Martins
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Postgraduation Professor, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Abiola T, John EO, Sossou IT, Charles Callistus B. Immune boosting and ameliorative properties of aqueous extract of Vernonia amygdalina Delile against MSG-induced genotoxicity: An in silico and in vivo approach. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23226. [PMID: 38163244 PMCID: PMC10755317 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Vernonia amygdalina (VA) is popularly consumed as food and as medicine due to its nutritional and bioactive constituents. This study assessed the anti-genotoxic effect of aqueous leaf extract of VA against monosodium (MSG) -induced genotoxicity. Crude extraction and phytochemical analysis were done using standard methods. In silico studies was done using compounds in the extract against Bcl-2, NF-kB 50, DNA polymerase lambda, DNA ligase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). Twelve rats were divided into three groups with four rats in each group. Group I was fed on food and water, group II received MSG (4 g/kg) per body weight (pbw) intraperitoneally, group III received MSG (4 g/kg) pbw intraperitoneally followed by oral dose of VA leaf extract (250 mg/kg) per body weight. The number of the micronucleated red blood cells and white blood cells were determined from blood smears microscopically. Results showed that aqueous extract of VA contained in mg/100 g alkaloids (7.04 ± 0.16), saponins (3.91 ± 0.13), flavonoid (1.64 ± 0.16), phenol (3.40 ± 0.12) and tannins (0.07 ± 0.32). In silico studies revealed high binding interaction (ΔG > -8.6) of vernoniosides D and E with all the tested proteins. There was a reduction in the number of micronucleated cells, neutrophils and eosinophils of the treated group compared to the MSG group, while there was an increase in the lymphocyte count. The anti-genotoxic effects of VA leaf extract might be attributed to the synergistic interaction of the various bioactive components in the extract. VA could be a potential plant for the prevention of cancer and other diseases that attenuate the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temitope Abiola
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel O. John
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Oduduwa University, Ipetumodu, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Ibukun Temitope Sossou
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
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Hwang JH, Jung C. In Vivo Genotoxicity Evaluation of a No-Pain Pharmacopuncture Extract Using the Micronucleus Test. J Pharmacopuncture 2023; 26:366-372. [PMID: 38162468 PMCID: PMC10739474 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2023.26.4.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to evaluate the genotoxicity of a recently developed no-pain pharmacopuncture (NPP) targeting muscle relaxation and analgesia using the micronucleus test. Methods To evaluate the potential of NPP extracts to induce micronuclei in rat bone marrow cells, a micronucleus test was performed using male Sprague-Dawley rats. The test substance NPP was administered intramuscularly at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mL/animal. Saline was used as the negative control and cyclophosphamide as the positive control. Results No NPP treatment-related deaths or abnormal changes in general appearance were observed at any dose level during the experimental period. No statistically significant differences in body weight were observed in any of the NPP dose groups compared to the saline negative control group. NPP did not cause a significant increase in the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) and PCEs or in the ratio of PCE-to-total erythrocytes. Conclusion The NPP extract did not exhibit genotoxic in Sprague-Dawley rat bone marrow cells under the conditions of this study. Further toxicity studies of the NPP extract are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Hwang
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Jung
- Namsangcheon Korean Medicine Clinic, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Buacheen P, Karinchai J, Inthachat W, Butkinaree C, Jankam C, Wongnoppavich A, Imsumran A, Chewonarin T, Pimpha N, Temviriyanukul P, Pitchakarn P. The Toxicological Assessment of Anoectochilus burmannicus Ethanolic-Extract-Synthesized Selenium Nanoparticles Using Cell Culture, Bacteria, and Drosophila melanogaster as Suitable Models. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2804. [PMID: 37887954 PMCID: PMC10609996 DOI: 10.3390/nano13202804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are worthy of attention and development for nutritional supplementation due to their health benefits in both animals and humans with low toxicity, improved bioavailability, and controlled release, being greater than the Se inorganic and organic forms. Our previous study reported that Anoectochilus burmannicus extract (ABE)-synthesized SeNPs (ABE-SeNPs) exerted antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Furthermore, ABE could stabilize and preserve the biological activities of SeNPs. To promote the ABE-SeNPs as supplementary and functional foods, it was necessary to carry out a safety assessment. Cytotoxicity testing showed that SeNPs and ABE-SeNPs were harmless with no killing effect on Caco2 (intestinal epithelial cells), MRC-5 (lung fibroblasts), HEK293 (kidney cells), LX-2 (hepatic stellate cells), and 3T3-L1 (adipocytes), and were not toxic to isolated human PBMCs and RBCs. Genotoxicity assessments found that SeNPs and ABE-SeNPs did not induce mutations in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 (Ames test) as well as in Drosophila melanogaster (somatic mutation and recombination test). Noticeably, ABE-SeNPs inhibited mutation in TA98 and TA100 induced by AF-2, and in Drosophila induced by urethane, ethyl methanesulfonate, and mitomycin c, suggesting their anti-mutagenicity ability. This study provides data that support the safety and anti-genotoxicity properties of ABE-SeNPs for the further development of SeNPs-based food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pensiri Buacheen
- PhD Program in Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jirarat Karinchai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Woorawee Inthachat
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Chutikarn Butkinaree
- National Omics Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chonchawan Jankam
- National Omics Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Ariyaphong Wongnoppavich
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Arisa Imsumran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Teera Chewonarin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nuttaporn Pimpha
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Piya Temviriyanukul
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Pornsiri Pitchakarn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Robledo DAR, Prudente MS, Aguja SE, Iwata H. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies on the hepatoxicity induced by polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in rats and mice. Curr Res Toxicol 2023; 5:100131. [PMID: 37841056 PMCID: PMC10570958 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2023.100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Several toxicological studies were conducted to evaluate the hepatoxicity of PBDEs using different animal models, congeners, duration of exposure, and other parameters. These variations in different animal models and conditions might have an impact on extrapolating experimental results to humans. Hence, by the meta-analysis, we aimed to clarify and elucidate the species differences in hepatoxicity induced by PBDE exposure in rats and mice across different conditions and moderators. Fourteen in vivo studies that utilized rats and mice models were identified, and data such as author names, year of publication, type of PBDE congeners, rodent species, life stage of exposure, dosage, duration, and hepatoxicity indicators were extracted. The pooled standard mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was used to evaluate the association between hepatoxicity and PBDE exposure across multiple approaches of measurement. Subgroup analysis, meta-regression, and interaction analysis were utilized to elucidate the species-related differences among the results of the involved studies. The pooled SMD of hepatoxicity of PBDE exposure in the involved in vivo studies was 1.82 (p = 0.016), indicating exposure to PBDE congeners and mixtures is associated with a significant increase in liver toxicity in rodents. Moreover, findings showed that rats were more sensitive to PBDEs than mice with the BDE-209 had the highest SMD value. Among the life stages of exposure, embryonic stage was found to be the most sensitive to hepatoxicity induced by PBDE congeners. Positive relationships were found between the incidence of hepatoxicity with dosage and duration of exposure to PBDE. Interaction analyses showed significant interactions between rodent species (rats or mice), dosage, length of exposure, and hepatotoxicity endpoints. Rats demonstrated an increased susceptibility to variations in organ weight, histopathological changes, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress markers. Conversely, mice showed pronounced lipid accumulation and modifications in liver enzyme expression levels. However, significant differences were not found in terms of endoplasmic reticular stress as a mechanistic endpoint for hepatotoxicity. In conclusion, this meta-analysis showed that there might be some species-related differences in hepatoxicity induced by PBDE exposure in rats and mice depending on the parameters used. This study highlights the importance of cross-species extrapolation of results from animal models to accurately assess the potential risks to human health from exposure to PBDEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave Arthur R. Robledo
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | | | | | - Hisato Iwata
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
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Ladeira C, Araújo R, Ramalhete L, Teixeira H, Calado CRC. Blood molecular profile to predict genotoxicity from exposure to antineoplastic drugs. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 891:503681. [PMID: 37770138 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxicity is an important information that should be included in human biomonitoring programmes. However, the usually applied cytogenetic assays are laborious and time-consuming, reason why it is critical to develop rapid and economic new methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the molecular profile of frozen whole blood, acquired by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, allows to assess genotoxicity in occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs, as obtained by the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. For that purpose, 92 samples of peripheral blood were studied: 46 samples from hospital professionals occupationally exposed to antineoplastic drugs and 46 samples from workers in academia without exposure (controls). It was first evaluated the metabolome from frozen whole blood by methanol precipitation of macromolecules as haemoglobin, followed by centrifugation. The metabolome molecular profile resulted in 3 ratios of spectral bands, significantly different between the exposed and non-exposed group (p < 0.01) and a spectral principal component-linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) model enabling to predict genotoxicity from exposure with 73 % accuracy. After optimization of the dilution degree and solution used, it was possible to obtain a higher number of significant ratios of spectral bands, i.e., 10 ratios significantly different (p < 0.001), highlighting the high sensitivity and specificity of the method. Indeed, the PCA-LDA model, based on the molecular profile of whole blood, enabled to predict genotoxicity from the exposure with an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 92 %, 93 % and 91 %, respectively. All these parameters were achieved based on 1 μL of frozen whole blood, in a high-throughput mode, i.e., based on the simultaneous analysis of 92 samples, in a simple and economic mode. In summary, it can be conclude that this method presents a very promising potential for high-dimension screening of exposure to genotoxic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Ladeira
- H&TRC - Health & Technology Research Center, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa (ESTeSL), Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Avenida D. João II, lote 4.69.01, Parque das Nações, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal; NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Rúben Araújo
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal; ISEL - Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, R. Conselheiro Emidio Navarro 1, 1959‑007 Lisboa, Portugal; NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Ramalhete
- ISEL - Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, R. Conselheiro Emidio Navarro 1, 1959‑007 Lisboa, Portugal; Blood and Transplantation Center of Lisbon, Instituto Português do Sangue e da Transplantação, Alameda das Linhas de Torres, n◦ 117, 1769-001 Lisbon, Portugal; NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hélder Teixeira
- ISEL - Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, R. Conselheiro Emidio Navarro 1, 1959‑007 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cecília R C Calado
- ISEL - Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, R. Conselheiro Emidio Navarro 1, 1959‑007 Lisboa, Portugal; CIMOSM - Centro de Investigação em Modelação e Otimização de Sistemas Multifuncionais, ISEL - Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, R. Conselheiro Emidio Navarro 1, 1959‑007 Lisboa, Portugal
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15
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Kumar R, Chhikara BS, Er Zeybekler S, Gupta DS, Kaur G, Chhillar M, Aggarwal AK, Rahdar A. Nanotoxicity of multifunctional stoichiometric cobalt oxide nanoparticles (SCoONPs) with repercussions toward apoptosis, necrosis, and cancer necrosis factor (TNF-α) at nano-biointerfaces. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:716-740. [PMID: 37915472 PMCID: PMC10615831 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Apoptosis, necrosis, and cancer necrosis factor (TNF-a) are all impacted by the nanotoxicity of multifunctional stoichiometric cobalt oxide nanoparticles (SCoONPs) at nano-biointerfaces. The creation of multi-functional nanoparticles has had a considerable impact on the transport of drugs and genes, nanotheranostics (in-vivo imaging, concurrent diagnostics), interventions for external healing, the creation of nano-bio interfaces, and the instigation of desired changes in nanotherapeutics. Objectives The quantitative structure-activity relationships, chemical transformations, biological interactions as well as toxicological analyses are considered as main objectives. Discrete dimensions of SCoNPs-cell interaction interfaces, their characteristic physical features (size, shape, shell structure, and surface chemistry), impact on cell proliferation and differentiation are the key factors responsible for nanotoxicity. Methods The development of multi-functional nanoparticles has been significant in drug/gene delivery, nanotheranostics (in-vivo imaging, coinciding diagnostics), and external healing interventions, designing a nano-bio interface, as well as inciting desired alterations in nanotherapeutics. Every so often, the cellular uptake of multi-functional cobalt [Co, CoO, Co2(CO)8 and Co3O4] nanoparticles (SCoONPs) influences cellular mechanics and initiates numerous repercussions (oxidative stress, DNA damage, cytogenotoxicity, and chromosomal damage) in pathways, including the generation of dysregulating factors involved in biochemical transformations. Results The concerns and influences of multifunctional SCoNPs on different cell mechanisms (mitochondria impermeability, hydrolysis of ATP, the concentration of Ca2+, impaired calcium clearance, defective autophagy, apoptosis, and necrosis), and interlinked properties (adhesion, motility, and internalization dynamics, role in toxicity, surface hydrophilic and hydrophobicity, biokinetics and biomimetic behaviors of biochemical reactions) have also been summarized. SCoONPs have received a lot of interest among the nanocarriers family because of its advantageous qualities such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, nontoxicity, and nonimmunogenicity. Conclusion Various applications, such as bio-imaging, cell labeling, gene delivery, enhanced chemical stability, and increased biocompatibility, concerning apoptosis, necrosis, and nano-bio interfaces, along with suitable examples. In this analysis, the multi-functional cobalt [Co, CoO, Co2(CO)8 and Co3O4] nanoparticles (SCoNPs) intricacies (cytogenotoxicity, clastogenicity, and immunomodulatory), nanotoxicity, and associated repercussions have been highlighted and explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Kumar
- University of Delhi, Mall Road, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Bhupender S Chhikara
- Department of Chemistry, Aditi Mahavidyalaya, University of Delhi, Auchandi Road, Bawana, Delhi 110039, India
| | - Simge Er Zeybekler
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Hastanesi 9/3A 35100 Bornova-Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Dhruv Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, SPP School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM’s NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, SPP School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM’s NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | | | - Anil K Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Shivaji College, University of Delhi, Ring Road, Raja Garden, New Delhi 110027, India
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Sistan va Baluchestan, Zabol 538-98615, Iran
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Wang H, Liu B, Chen H, Xu P, Xue H, Yuan J. Dynamic changes of DNA methylation induced by benzo(a)pyrene in cancer. Genes Environ 2023; 45:21. [PMID: 37391844 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-023-00278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), the earliest and most significant carcinogen among polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), has been found in foods, tobacco smoke, and automobiles exhaust, etc. Exposure to BaP induced DNA damage directly, or oxidative stress-related damage, resulting in cell apoptosis and carcinogenesis in human respiratory system, digestive system, reproductive system, etc. Moreover, BaP triggered genome-wide epigenetic alterations by methylation, which might cause disturbances in regulation of gene expression, and thereby induced cancer. It has been proved that BaP reduced genome-wide DNA methylation, and activated proto-oncogene by hypomethylation in the promoter region, but silenced tumor suppressor genes by promoter hypermethylation, resulting in cancer initiation and progression. Here we summarized the changes in DNA methylation in BaP exposure, and revealed the methylation of DNA plays a role in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizeng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010050, China
| | - Bingchun Liu
- Stem Cell Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010050, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010050, China
| | - Peixin Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010050, China
| | - Huiting Xue
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010010, China.
| | - Jianlong Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010050, China.
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Oleforuh-Okoleh VU, Sikiru AB, Kakulu II, Fakae BB, Obianwuna UE, Shoyombo AJ, Adeolu AI, Ollor OA, Emeka OC. Improving hydrocarbon toxicity tolerance in poultry: role of genes and antioxidants. Front Genet 2023; 14:1060138. [PMID: 37388938 PMCID: PMC10302211 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1060138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustenance of smallholder poultry production as an alternative source of food security and income is imperative in communities exposed to hydrocarbon pollution. Exposure to hydrocarbon pollutants causes disruption of homeostasis, thereby compromising the genetic potential of the birds. Oxidative stress-mediated dysfunction of the cellular membrane is a contributing factor in the mechanism of hydrocarbon toxicity. Epidemiological studies show that tolerance to hydrocarbon exposure may be caused by the activation of genes that control disease defense pathways like aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and nuclear factor erythroid 2p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Disparity in the mechanism and level of tolerance to hydrocarbon fragments among species may exist and may result in variations in gene expression within individuals of the same species upon exposure. Genomic variability is critical for adaptation and serves as a survival mechanism in response to environmental pollutants. Understanding the interplay of diverse genetic mechanisms in relation to environmental influences is important for exploiting the differences in various genetic variants. Protection against pollutant-induced physiological responses using dietary antioxidants can mitigate homeostasis disruptions. Such intervention may initiate epigenetic modulation relevant to gene expression of hydrocarbon tolerance, enhancing productivity, and possibly future development of hydrocarbon-tolerant breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akeem B. Sikiru
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Agriculture, Zuru, Kebbi State, Nigeria
| | - Iyenemi I. Kakulu
- Department of Estate Management, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Barineme B. Fakae
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | | | - Ayoola J. Shoyombo
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Science, Landmark University, Omu-aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Adewale I. Adeolu
- Department of Agriculture, Animal Science Programme, Alex-Ekwueme Federal University, Ikwo, Ebonyi, Nigeria
| | - Ollor A. Ollor
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Science, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Onyinyechi C. Emeka
- Department of Animal Science, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
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Pereira da Silva V, de Carvalho Brito L, Mesquita Marques A, da Cunha Camillo F, Raquel Figueiredo M. Bioactive limonoids from Carapa guianensis seeds oil and the sustainable use of its by-products. Curr Res Toxicol 2023; 4:100104. [PMID: 37020602 PMCID: PMC10068018 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2023.100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Carapa guianensis (Andiroba, Meliaceae) is considered a multipurpose tree. In Brazil, Indigenous people have used it as insect repellent and in the treatment of various diseases. Most biological activities and popular uses are attributed to limonoids, which are highly oxygenated tetranortriterpenoids. More than 300 limonoids have been described in Meliaceae family. Limonoids from Andiroba oil have shown high anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activities in vivo, by inhibiting platelet activating factors and many inflammatory mediators such as IL-5, IL-1β and TNF-α. It also reduced T lymphocytes, eosinophils and mast cells. In corroboration with the wide popular use of Andiroba oil, no significant cytotoxicity or genotoxicity in vivo was reported. This oil promotes apoptosis in a gastric cancer cell line (ACP02) at high concentrations, without showing mutagenic effects, and is suggested to increase the body's nonspecific resistance and adaptive capacity to stressors, exhibit some antioxidant activity, and protect against oxidative DNA damages. Recently, new methodologies of toxicological assays have been applied. They include in chemico, in vitro, in silico and ex vivo procedures, and take place to substitute the use of laboratory animals. Andiroba by-products have been used in sustainable oil production processes and as fertilizers and soil conditioners, raw material for soap production, biodegradable surfactants and an alternative natural source of biodegradable polymer in order to reduce environmental impacts. This review reinforces the relevance of Andiroba and highlights its ability to add value to its by-products and to minimize possible risks to the health of the Amazonian population.
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Evaluation of Genotoxic Effect and Antigenotoxic Potential against DNA Damage of the Aqueous and Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Annona muricata Using an In Vivo Erythrocyte Rodent Micronucleus Assay. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9554011. [PMID: 36567911 PMCID: PMC9788883 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9554011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Annona muricata have been extensively used in traditional medicine to treat multiple diseases, including cancers. This study evaluated the genotoxic potential and antigenotoxic activities of A. muricata aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts by employing an in vivo erythrocyte rodent micronucleus assay. Different doses (187.5, 375, and 750 mg/kg) of both extracts were administered orally for 5 days alone and combined with cyclophosphamide (CP, 60 mg/kg) to BALB/c mice. Also, it was administered orally to Wistar rats for 5 days through the final stage of gestation. No genotoxic or cytotoxic effects were observed in the two adult rodent models when A. muricata was administered orally nor in newborn rats transplacentally exposed to the extracts. Moreover, A. muricata aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts demonstrated a protective effect against CP-induced DNA damage. Due to its lack of genotoxic effect and its capacity to decrease DNA damage, A. muricata is likely to open an interest field regarding its potential safe use in clinical applications.
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Santana LADM, Andrade JRG, Souza EDCM, Nogueira DPDS, Nunes FDS, Trento CL, Takeshita WM. Use of electronic cigarette and the risk of developing potentially malignant disorders: What are we really supposed to know? JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2022; 124:101357. [PMID: 36521733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2022.101357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wilton Mitsunari Takeshita
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
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Radovanović J, Antonijević B, Ćurčić M, Baralić K, Kolarević S, Bulat Z, Đukić-Ćosić D, Buha Djordjević A, Vuković-Gačić B, Javorac D, Antonijević Miljaković E, Carević M, Mandinić Z. Fluoride subacute testicular toxicity in Wistar rats: Benchmark dose analysis for the redox parameters, essential elements and DNA damage. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120321. [PMID: 36191801 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Excessive fluoride (F-) levels in the environment could induce different pathological changes, including comorbidities in reproductive functions. Hence, the aim of the present in vivo study was to explore F- subacute toxicity mechanisms via Benchmark dose (BMD) methodology on rat's testicles. The experiment was conducted on thirty male Wistar rats for 28 days, divided into six groups (n = 5): 1) Control (tap water); 2) 10 mg/L F-; 3) 25 mg/L F-; 4) 50 mg/L F-; 5) 100 mg/L F-; 6) 150 mg/L F-. Testicles were dissected out and processed for the determination of F- tissue concentrations, redox status parameters, essential elements level, and DNA damage. PROASTweb 70.1 software was used for determination of external and internal dose-response relationship. The results confirmed a significant increase in superoxide anion (O2.-), total oxidative status (TOS), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), DNA damage levels, and decrease in superoxide dismutase activity (SOD1) and total thiol (SH) groups. The dose-dependent changes were confirmed for SOD1 activity and DNA damage. The most sensitive parameters were SOD1 activity and DNA damage with the lowest BMDLs 0.1 μg F-/kg b. w. Since human and animal populations are daily and frequently unconsciously exposed to F-, this dose-response study is valuable for further research regarding the F- health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Radovanović
- Clinic for Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, "Vinča" Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Biljana Antonijević
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marijana Ćurčić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Baralić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stoimir Kolarević
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Department for Hydroecology and Water Protection, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Đukić-Ćosić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Buha Djordjević
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Vuković-Gačić
- Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Javorac
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Evica Antonijević Miljaković
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Momir Carević
- Clinic for Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Mandinić
- Clinic for Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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Binding and Detoxification of Insecticides by Potentially Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Honeybee ( Apis mellifera L.) Environment-An In Vitro Study. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233743. [PMID: 36496999 PMCID: PMC9740702 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) naturally inhabiting the digestive tract of honeybees are known for their ability to detoxify xenobiotics. The effect of chlorpyrifos, coumaphos, and imidacloprid on the growth of LAB strains was tested. All strains showed high resistance to these insecticides. Subsequently, the insecticide binding ability of LAB was investigated. Coumaphos and chlorpyrifos were bound to the greatest extent (up to approx. 64%), and imidacloprid to a much weaker extent (up to approx. 36%). The insecticides were detected in extra- and intracellular extracts of the bacterial cell wall. The ability of selected LAB to reduce the cyto- and genotoxicity of insecticides was tested on two normal (ovarian insect Sf-9 and rat intestinal IEC-6) cell lines and one cancer (human intestinal Caco-2) cell line. All strains exhibited various levels of reduction in the cyto- and genotoxicity of tested insecticides. It seems that coumaphos was detoxified most potently. The detoxification abilities depended on the insecticide, LAB strain, and cell line. The detoxification of insecticides in the organisms of honeybees may reduce the likelihood of the penetration of these toxins into honeybee products consumed by humans and may contribute to the improvement of the condition in apiaries and honeybee health.
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Nanosafety: An Evolving Concept to Bring the Safest Possible Nanomaterials to Society and Environment. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12111810. [PMID: 35683670 PMCID: PMC9181910 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of nanomaterials has been increasing in recent times, and they are widely used in industries such as cosmetics, drugs, food, water treatment, and agriculture. The rapid development of new nanomaterials demands a set of approaches to evaluate the potential toxicity and risks related to them. In this regard, nanosafety has been using and adapting already existing methods (toxicological approach), but the unique characteristics of nanomaterials demand new approaches (nanotoxicology) to fully understand the potential toxicity, immunotoxicity, and (epi)genotoxicity. In addition, new technologies, such as organs-on-chips and sophisticated sensors, are under development and/or adaptation. All the information generated is used to develop new in silico approaches trying to predict the potential effects of newly developed materials. The overall evaluation of nanomaterials from their production to their final disposal chain is completed using the life cycle assessment (LCA), which is becoming an important element of nanosafety considering sustainability and environmental impact. In this review, we give an overview of all these elements of nanosafety.
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Arojojoye OA, Nwaechefu OO, Nkwadinamor SC. Evaluation of genotoxic and oxidative stress potential of Ajakanga Landfill Leachate in rats. Environ Anal Health Toxicol 2022; 37:e2022004-0. [PMID: 35500887 PMCID: PMC9058101 DOI: 10.5620/eaht.2022004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotoxicity and oxidative stress potential of Ajakanga Landfill Leachate (ALL) were investigated in this study. Forty-two male albino rats of the Wistar strain (100 g and 150 g) were divided equally into six groups. Group A (control) animals were given distilled water as drinking water for forty-five days; while groups B-F animals were exposed to 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% leachate respectively via drinking water for forty-five days. The effect of the leachate was assessed on markers of oxidative stress in the liver, kidney and testes of rats; markers of liver function (Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined in the serum and the genotoxic effect of the leachate was investigated using micronucleus assay. Physicochemical and heavy metal analysis were also carried out on the leachate sample. Exposure to ALL resulted in increase in the activities of ALT and AST. A significant increase in malondialdehyde level as well as alterations in antioxidant status was observed in the liver, kidney and testes of the rats compared with control. There was also significant increase in micronuclei formation in the bone marrow of rats exposed to the leachate. Physicochemical and heavy metal analysis of the leachate revealed the presence of some heavy metals at high concentrations as well as other toxic constituents and the total number of active bacteria in the leachate sample were also high. In conclusion, ALL induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in rats. This suggests that the leachate may be toxic to humans if exposure occurs.
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25
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Tice RR, Bassan A, Amberg A, Anger LT, Beal MA, Bellion P, Benigni R, Birmingham J, Brigo A, Bringezu F, Ceriani L, Crooks I, Cross K, Elespuru R, Faulkner DM, Fortin MC, Fowler P, Frericks M, Gerets HHJ, Jahnke GD, Jones DR, Kruhlak NL, Lo Piparo E, Lopez-Belmonte J, Luniwal A, Luu A, Madia F, Manganelli S, Manickam B, Mestres J, Mihalchik-Burhans AL, Neilson L, Pandiri A, Pavan M, Rider CV, Rooney JP, Trejo-Martin A, Watanabe-Sailor KH, White AT, Woolley D, Myatt GJ. In Silico Approaches In Carcinogenicity Hazard Assessment: Current Status and Future Needs. COMPUTATIONAL TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 20. [PMID: 35368437 DOI: 10.1016/j.comtox.2021.100191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Historically, identifying carcinogens has relied primarily on tumor studies in rodents, which require enormous resources in both money and time. In silico models have been developed for predicting rodent carcinogens but have not yet found general regulatory acceptance, in part due to the lack of a generally accepted protocol for performing such an assessment as well as limitations in predictive performance and scope. There remains a need for additional, improved in silico carcinogenicity models, especially ones that are more human-relevant, for use in research and regulatory decision-making. As part of an international effort to develop in silico toxicological protocols, a consortium of toxicologists, computational scientists, and regulatory scientists across several industries and governmental agencies evaluated the extent to which in silico models exist for each of the recently defined 10 key characteristics (KCs) of carcinogens. This position paper summarizes the current status of in silico tools for the assessment of each KC and identifies the data gaps that need to be addressed before a comprehensive in silico carcinogenicity protocol can be developed for regulatory use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond R Tice
- RTice Consulting, Hillsborough, North Carolina, 27278, USA
| | | | - Alexander Amberg
- Sanofi Preclinical Safety, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lennart T Anger
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Marc A Beal
- Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Government of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Birmingham
- GlaxoSmithKline, David Jack Centre for R&D, Ware, Hertfordshire, SG12 0DP, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Brigo
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation, Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Lidia Ceriani
- Humane Society International, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ian Crooks
- British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd, GR&D Centre, Southampton, SO15 8TL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rosalie Elespuru
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - David M Faulkner
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Marie C Fortin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08855, USA
| | - Paul Fowler
- FSTox Consulting (Genetic Toxicology), Northamptonshire, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Gloria D Jahnke
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | | | - Naomi L Kruhlak
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Elena Lo Piparo
- Chemical Food Safety Group, Nestlé Research, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Juan Lopez-Belmonte
- Cuts Ice Ltd Chemical Food Safety Group, Nestlé Research, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Amarjit Luniwal
- North American Science Associates (NAMSA) Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55426, USA
| | - Alice Luu
- Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Government of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Federica Madia
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Serena Manganelli
- Chemical Food Safety Group, Nestlé Research, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | | | - Jordi Mestres
- IMIM Institut Hospital Del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; and Chemotargets SL, Baldiri Reixac 4, Parc Científic de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Louise Neilson
- Broughton Nicotine Services, Oak Tree House, Earby, Lancashire, BB18 6JZ United Kingdom
| | - Arun Pandiri
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | | | - Cynthia V Rider
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - John P Rooney
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, LLC., Morrisville, North Carolina, 27560, USA
| | | | - Karen H Watanabe-Sailor
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, West Campus, Glendale, Arizona, 85306, USA
| | - Angela T White
- GlaxoSmithKline, David Jack Centre for R&D, Ware, Hertfordshire, SG12 0DP, United Kingdom
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26
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Kus-Liśkiewicz M, Fickers P, Ben Tahar I. Biocompatibility and Cytotoxicity of Gold Nanoparticles: Recent Advances in Methodologies and Regulations. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10952. [PMID: 34681612 PMCID: PMC8536023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles (MeNPs), and more specifically gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), have led to tremendous expansion of their potential applications in different fields, ranging from healthcare research to microelectronics and food packaging. The properties of functionalised MeNPs can be fine-tuned depending on their final application, and subsequently, these properties can strongly modulate their biological effects. In this review, we will firstly focus on the impact of MeNP characteristics (particularly of gold nanoparticles, AuNPs) such as shape, size, and aggregation on their biological activities. Moreover, we will detail different in vitro and in vivo assays to be performed when cytotoxicity and biocompatibility must be assessed. Due to the complex nature of nanomaterials, conflicting studies have led to different views on their safety, and it is clear that the definition of a standard biosafety label for AuNPs is difficult. In fact, AuNPs' biocompatibility is strongly affected by the nanoparticles' intrinsic characteristics, biological target, and methodology employed to evaluate their toxicity. In the last part of this review, the current legislation and requirements established by regulatory authorities, defining the main guidelines and standards to characterise new nanomaterials, will also be discussed, as this aspect has not been reviewed recently. It is clear that the lack of well-established safety regulations based on reliable, robust, and universal methodologies has hampered the development of MeNP applications in the healthcare field. Henceforth, the international community must make an effort to adopt specific and standard protocols for characterisation of these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kus-Liśkiewicz
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Patrick Fickers
- TERRA Research and Teaching Centre, Microbial Processes and Interactions Laboratory (MiPI), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech-University of Liège, Avenue de la Faculté 2B, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (P.F.); (I.B.T.)
| | - Imen Ben Tahar
- TERRA Research and Teaching Centre, Microbial Processes and Interactions Laboratory (MiPI), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech-University of Liège, Avenue de la Faculté 2B, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (P.F.); (I.B.T.)
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27
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Giambò F, Leone GM, Gattuso G, Rizzo R, Cosentino A, Cinà D, Teodoro M, Costa C, Tsatsakis A, Fenga C, Falzone L. Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations Induced by Pesticide Exposure: Integrated Analysis of Gene Expression, microRNA Expression, and DNA Methylation Datasets. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168697. [PMID: 34444445 PMCID: PMC8394939 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Environmental or occupational exposure to pesticides is considered one of the main risk factors for the development of various diseases. Behind the development of pesticide-associated pathologies, there are both genetic and epigenetic alterations, where these latter are mainly represented by the alteration in the expression levels of microRNAs and by the change in the methylation status of the DNA. At present, no studies have comprehensively evaluated the genetic and epigenetic alterations induced by pesticides; therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify modifications in gene miRNA expression and DNA methylation useful for the prediction of pesticide exposure. For this purpose, an integrated analysis of gene expression, microRNA expression, and DNA methylation datasets obtained from the GEO DataSets database was performed to identify putative genes, microRNAs, and DNA methylation hotspots associated with pesticide exposure and responsible for the development of different diseases. In addition, DIANA-miRPath, STRING, and GO Panther prediction tools were used to establish the functional role of the putative biomarkers identified. The results obtained demonstrated that pesticides can modulate the expression levels of different genes and induce different epigenetic alterations in the expression levels of miRNAs and in the modulation of DNA methylation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Giambò
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy;
| | - Gian Marco Leone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.M.L.); (G.G.); (R.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Gattuso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.M.L.); (G.G.); (R.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Roberta Rizzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.M.L.); (G.G.); (R.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Alessia Cosentino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.M.L.); (G.G.); (R.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Diana Cinà
- Health Management of the “Cannizzaro” Emergency Hospital of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy;
- Clinical Pathology and Clinical Molecular Biology Unit, “Garibaldi Centro” Hospital, ARNAS Garibaldi, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Teodoro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Occupational Medicine Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.T.); (C.F.)
| | - Chiara Costa
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine Department, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Concettina Fenga
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Occupational Medicine Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.T.); (C.F.)
| | - Luca Falzone
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, National Cancer Institute-IRCCS ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-478-1278
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28
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Cha SB, Kim SS, Oh JJ, Lee WJ, Song SW, Lim JO, Kim JC. Evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity of a Dioscorea Rhizome water extract. Toxicol Res 2021; 37:385-393. [PMID: 34295802 PMCID: PMC8249543 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-020-00077-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioscorea Rhizome is commonly used in traditional herbal medicines for the treatment of diabetes, hyperthyroidism, liver damage, neuropathy, and asthma. Here, we investigated the genotoxicity potential of D. Rhizome water extract (DRWE) using three standard battery systems in accordance with the test guidelines of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development and Ministry of Food and Drug Safety as well as the principles of Good Laboratory Practice. A bacterial reverse mutation test (Ames test) was performed using the direct plate incorporation method in the presence or absence of a metabolic activation system (S9 mixture). The tester strains used included four histidine auxotrophic strains of Salmonella typhimurium, TA100, TA1535, TA98, and TA1537, along with a tryptophan auxotrophic strain of Escherichia coli, WP2 uvrA. An in vitro chromosome aberration test was performed using CHL/IU cells originally derived from the lung of a female Chinese hamster in the presence or absence of the S9 mixture. An in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus test was performed using male ICR mice. The micronucleus was confirmed after observation of the micro-nucleated polychromatic. The Ames test showed that DRWE did not induce gene mutations at any dose level in any of the tested strains. Additionally, DRWE did not result in any chromosomal aberrations specified in the in vitro chromosomal aberration and in vivo micronucleus tests. These results showed that DRWE exhibited neither mutagenic nor clastogenic potential in either the in vitro or in vivo test systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Beom Cha
- Nonclinical Research Center, ChemOn Inc., Yongin, 17162 Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project Team), Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186 Korea
| | - Seong-Sook Kim
- Nonclinical Research Center, ChemOn Inc., Yongin, 17162 Korea
| | - Jeong-Ja Oh
- Nonclinical Research Center, ChemOn Inc., Yongin, 17162 Korea
| | - Woo-Joo Lee
- Nonclinical Research Center, ChemOn Inc., Yongin, 17162 Korea
| | - Si-Whan Song
- Nonclinical Research Center, ChemOn Inc., Yongin, 17162 Korea
| | - Je-Oh Lim
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project Team), Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186 Korea
| | - Jong-Choon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project Team), Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186 Korea
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29
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Choudhuri S, Kaur T, Jain S, Sharma C, Asthana S. A review on genotoxicity in connection to infertility and cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 345:109531. [PMID: 34058178 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Genotoxicity has been identified as the main cause of infertility and a variety of cancers. The mechanisms affect the structure, quality of the information or the segregation of DNA and are not inherently correlated with mutagenicity. The concept of genotoxicity, the chemical classes that cause genetic damage and the associated mechanisms of action are discussed here. Hazardous effects of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, agrochemicals, industrial compounds, food additives, natural toxins and nanomaterials are, in large part, identified by genotoxicity and mutagenicity tests. These are critical and early steps in industrial and regulatory health assessment. Though several in vitro experiments are commonly used and approval by regulatory agencies for commercial licensing of drugs, their accuracy in human predictions for genotoxic and mutagenic effects is frequently questioned. Treatment of real and functional genetic toxicity problems depends in detail on the knowledge of mechanisms of DNA damage in the molecular, subcellular, cellular and tissue or organ system levels. Current strategies for risk assessment of human health need revisions to achieve robust and reliable results for optimizing their effectiveness. Additionally, computerized methods, neo-biomarkers leveraging '-omics' approaches, all of which can provide a convincing genotoxicity evaluation to reduce infertility and cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmistha Choudhuri
- Department of Biochemistry, R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Taruneet Kaur
- Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Sapna Jain
- Multidisciplinary Clinical Translational Research, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Chandresh Sharma
- Multidisciplinary Clinical Translational Research, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
| | - Shailendra Asthana
- Non-Communicable Disease, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
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30
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Raja IS, Lee JH, Hong SW, Shin DM, Lee JH, Han DW. A critical review on genotoxicity potential of low dimensional nanomaterials. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124915. [PMID: 33422758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Low dimensional nanomaterials (LDNMs) have earned attention among researchers as they exhibit a larger surface area to volume and quantum confinement effect compared to high dimensional nanomaterials. LDNMs, including 0-D and 1-D, possess several beneficial biomedical properties such as bioimaging, sensor, cosmetic, drug delivery, and cancer tumors ablation. However, they threaten human beings with the adverse effects of cytotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and genotoxicity when exposed for a prolonged time in industry or laboratory. Among different toxicities, genotoxicity must be taken into consideration with utmost importance as they inherit DNA related disorders causing congenital disabilities and malignancy to human beings. Many researchers have performed NMs' genotoxicity using various cell lines and animal models and reported the effect on various physicochemical and biological factors. In the present work, we have compiled a comparative study on the genotoxicity of the same or different kinds of NMs. Notwithstanding, we have included the classification of genotoxicity, mechanism, assessment, and affecting factors. Further, we have highlighted the importance of studying the genotoxicity of LDNMs and signified the perceptions, future challenges, and possible directives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jong Ho Lee
- Daan Korea Corporation, Seoul 06252, South Korea
| | - Suck Won Hong
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Dong-Myeong Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Jong Hun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, South Korea.
| | - Dong-Wook Han
- BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea; Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea.
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Thá EL, Matos M, Avelino F, Lomonaco D, Rodrigues-Souza I, Gagosian VSC, Cestari MM, Magalhães WLE, Leme DM. Safety aspects of kraft lignin fractions: Discussions on the in chemico antioxidant activity and the induction of oxidative stress on a cell-based in vitro model. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:977-986. [PMID: 33887289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lignin is a complex phenolic biopolymer present in plant cell walls and a by-product of the cellulose pulping industry. Lignin has functional properties, such as antioxidant activity, that make it a potential natural active ingredient for health-care products. However, not all safety aspects of lignin fractions have been adequately investigated. Herein, we evaluated the antioxidant and genotoxic potential of two hardwood kraft lignins (F3 and F5). The chemical characterization of F3 and F5 demonstrated their thermal stability and the presence of different phenolic units, while the DPPH assay confirmed the antioxidant activity of these lignin fractions. Despite being antioxidants in the DPPH assay, F3 and F5 were capable of generating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequently causing oxidative DNA damage (Comet assay) in HepG2 cells. The biological relevance of the DPPH assay might be uncertain in some cases; therefore, we suggest combining in chemico tests with biological system-based tests to determine efficacy and safety levels of lignins and define appropriate applications of lignins for consumer products. Moreover, kraft lignins obtained by acid precipitation may pose risks to human health; however, as genotoxicity is not the sole endpoint of toxicity required in hazard assessments, additional toxicological evaluations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanoela Lundgren Thá
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics - Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Mailson Matos
- Graduate Program in Engineering and Materials Science (PIPE), Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Francisco Avelino
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará (IFCE), Iguatu, CE, Brazil
| | - Diego Lomonaco
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry - Federal University of Ceará (UFCE), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Isisdoris Rodrigues-Souza
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics - Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Marta Margarete Cestari
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics - Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Washington Luiz Esteves Magalhães
- Graduate Program in Engineering and Materials Science (PIPE), Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Embrapa Florestas, Colombo, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniela Morais Leme
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics - Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Techera Antunes FT, Caminski ES, Picada JN, Regner AP, Dallegrave E, Hubner de Souza A. In vivo treatment with a subacute low dose of 3-nitropropionic acid does not induce genotoxicity or mutagenicity in rats. Toxicon 2021; 195:20-23. [PMID: 33689791 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) is a toxin that causes neural damage in the striatum and can lead to the development of Huntington's disease manifestations in animal models. Several studies have shown genotoxicity related to the 3-NP treatment. This study investigated potential genotoxicity and mutagenicity that was induced by a low dose (6.25 mg/kg i. p.) 3-NP subacute treatment (daily, over 6 days) in a rat model. The arterial blood and the frontal cortex were analyzed by the comet assay and the bone marrow by micronucleus. Surprisingly, the 3-NP subacute treatment with the low dose did not show genotoxic or mutagenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Tasmin Techera Antunes
- Program of Postgraduation in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Emanuelle Sistherenn Caminski
- Department of Pharmacoscience, Federal University Science of Health of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | | | - Andrea Pereira Regner
- Program of Postgraduation in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Eliane Dallegrave
- Department of Pharmacoscience, Federal University Science of Health of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra Hubner de Souza
- Program of Postgraduation in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil.
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Amkiss S, Dalouh A, Idaomar M. Chemical composition, genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity study of Artemisia herba-alba using the eye and wing SMART assay of Drosophila melanogaster. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.102976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Dirar AI, Devkota HP. Ethnopharmacological uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Guiera senegalensis J.F. Gmel. (Combretaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113433. [PMID: 33011373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Guiera senegalensis J.F. Gmel. (Combretaceae), commonly known as "Gubeish" in Sudan, is a small shrub abundant in semi-desert areas of the Sudano-Sahelian zone. It is widely used in African traditional medicine as a tonic and for the treatment of many complications such as respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders, microbial and parasitic infections. AIM OF THE REVIEW The aim of this review is to critically analyze the reports on the traditional uses, ethnopharmacological studies, chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of G. senegalensis. METHODS Scientific information on G. senegalensis was retrieved from the online bibliographic databases (e.g. like MEDLINE/PubMed, SciFinder, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, Elsevier, SpringerLink). Other scientific information was acquired from secondary resources including books and proceedings, library catalogs, and dissertations. RESULTS G. senegalensis is reported to be widely used traditionally for the treatment of various diseases in many African countries. Most of these studies are reported from Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, and Sudan. Phytochemical studies have revealed the presence of a total of 46 compounds belonging to major phytochemical classes namely; phenolic compounds, alkaloids, and triterpenes. Among them, galloylquinic acid derivatives and flavonoids are the most frequently reported constituents. The extracts and compounds have shown diverse biological activities including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiprotozoal activities and activities against gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders. CONCLUSION G. senegalensis is widely used in most African traditional medicine systems and used among African people for the treatment of many diseases. Although there are many reports on its biological activities, most of these studies are based on in vitro systems and only very few are based on in vivo systems. Also, some of these pharmacological data are insufficient and lack essential parameters such as proper positive and negative controls, and calculating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. From these studies, it is difficult to assess the future clinical potential of this plant without detailed studies in animal models or in humans. Similarly, there are not many reports on the action mechanism of the extracts and compounds. Future studies should focus to explore the therapeutic potential of G. senegalensis with advance experimental protocols and cutting-edge technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Ibrahim Dirar
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Medicinal, Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute (MAPTRI), National Center for Research, P.O. Box 2404, Mek Nimr Street, Khartoum, Sudan; Faculty of Clinical and Industrial Pharmacy, National University-Sudan, P.O. Box 3783, Al-Raki Area, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Program for Leading Graduate Schools, Health life Science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented (HIGO) Program, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
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The Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Neuroblastoma Therapy for Delivery of Anti-Cancer Agents and Hematopoietic Recovery. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11030161. [PMID: 33668854 PMCID: PMC7996318 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11030161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is one of the most common pediatric cancers and a major cause of cancer-related death in infancy. Conventional therapies including high-dose chemotherapy, stem cell transplantation, and immunotherapy approach a limit in the treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma and prevention of relapse. In the last two decades, research unraveled a potential use of mesenchymal stromal cells in tumor therapy, as tumor-selective delivery vehicles for therapeutic compounds and oncolytic viruses and by means of supporting hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Based on pre-clinical and clinical advances in neuroblastoma and other malignancies, we assess both the strong potential and the associated risks of using mesenchymal stromal cells in the therapy for neuroblastoma. Furthermore, we examine feasibility and safety aspects and discuss future directions for harnessing the advantageous properties of mesenchymal stromal cells for the advancement of therapy success.
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Dural E, Shah UK, Pritchard D, Chapman KE, Doak SH, Jenkins GJS. The effect of chronic dosing and p53 status on the genotoxicity of pro-oxidant chemicals in vitro. Mutagenesis 2020; 35:479-489. [PMID: 33259605 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have studied the cytotoxicity and genotoxic potency of 3 pro-oxidants; H2O2, menadione and KBrO3 in different dosing scenarios, namely acute (1-day dosing) and chronic (5-days). For this purpose, relative population doubling (RPD%) and mononucleated micronucleus (MN) test were used. TK6 cells and NH32 were employed in in vitro experiments. In the study, the total acute dose was divided into 5 days for each prooxidant chemicals by dose fractionation (1/5th per day) method. Acute dosing was compared to chronic dosing. The oxidative stress caused by the exposure of cells with pro-oxidant chemicals to the cells was determined by an optimized 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFHDA) test method. The antioxidant levels of the cell lines were altered with buthionine sulfoxide (BSO) and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), and the effect of antioxidant capacity on the MN formation in the cells was observed with this method. In the case of H2O2 and menadione, fractional dosing has been observed to result in lower toxicity and lower genotoxicity. But in the case of KBrO3, unlike the other 2 pro-oxidants, higher MN induction was observed with fractionated doses. DCFHDA test clearly demonstrated ROS induction with H2O2 and menadione but not with KBrO3. Unexpectedly, DCFHDA test demonstrated that KBrO3 did not cause an increase ROS levels in both acute and chronic dosing, suggesting an alternative ROS induction mechanism. It was also observed that, treatment with BSO and NAC, caused increasing and decreasing of MN fold change respectively, allowing further ROS specific mechanisms to be explored. Hence, dose fractionation expectedly caused less MN, cytotoxicity and ROS formation with H2O2 and menadione exposure, but not with KBrO3. This implies a unique mechanism of action for KBrO3 induced genotoxicity. Chronic dosing in vitro may be a valuable approach allowing better understanding of how chemicals damage DNA and pose human hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Dural
- In vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, U.K
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ume-Kulsoom Shah
- In vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, U.K
| | - Demi Pritchard
- In vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, U.K
| | - Katherine Emma Chapman
- In vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, U.K
| | - Shareen Heather Doak
- In vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, U.K
| | - Gareth James Scott Jenkins
- In vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, U.K
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Inhibition of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli biofilm formation by DNA aptamer. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7567-7573. [PMID: 32981012 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05822-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a bioagent that causes diarrhea through the formation of biofilm. The recalcitrant of EPEC to the current conventional antibiotic treatment has grown a big concern in a way to find effective alternative inhibitors. Aptamers have been demonstrated to show the ability to kill the pathogenic bacteria through inhibition of biofilm formation. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate antibiofilm activities of six types of aptamers against EPEC K1.1 which was isolated from patients with diarrhea. Environmental conditions such as temperatures and pH which impacted on biofilm formation of EPEC K1.1 and also biofilm inhibition of aptamer on EPEC K1.1 were performed by counting the crystal violet formation in 96-well polystyrene microplates at OD570. The motility examination combined with qPCR were applied to prove the mechanism of aptamers inhibition on biofilm by targeting essential genes that involve biofilm formation. The result showed that by applying cut off value at 0.399, aptamer SELEX 10 Colony 5 exhibited the highest biofilm inhibition against EPEC K1.1 with an absorbance value of 0.126. Further analysis showed that this aptamer also was able to reduce the motility diameter of EPEC K1.1. The effect of this aptamer on EPEC K1.1 motility was confirmed by qPCR where the mRNA level of motB, csgA and lsrA gene reduced significantly compared to the untreated group. Aptamer SELEX 10 Colony 5 was able to inhibit biofilm formation through interfering the motility ability of EPEC K1.1 and also by reducing the mRNA level of biofilm formation-related genes. This study provides evidences that aptamer is effective and promising for both antibiofilm of EPEC K1.1 and alternative treatment of diarrhea.
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Mohamad Kamal NS, Safuan S, Shamsuddin S, Foroozandeh P. Aging of the cells: Insight into cellular senescence and detection Methods. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 99:151108. [PMID: 32800277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular theory of aging states that human aging is the result of cellular aging, in which an increasing proportion of cells reach senescence. Senescence, from the Latin word senex, means "growing old," is an irreversible growth arrest which occurs in response to damaging stimuli, such as DNA damage, telomere shortening, telomere dysfunction and oncogenic stress leading to suppression of potentially dysfunctional, transformed, or aged cells. Cellular senescence is characterized by irreversible cell cycle arrest, flattened and enlarged morphology, resistance to apoptosis, alteration in gene expression and chromatin structure, expression of senescence associated- β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) and acquisition of senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In this review paper, different types of cellular senescence including replicative senescence (RS) which occurs due to telomere shortening and stress induced premature senescence (SIPS) which occurs in response to different types of stress in cells, are discussed. Biomarkers of cellular senescence and senescent assays including BrdU incorporation assay, senescence associated- β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) and senescence-associated heterochromatin foci assays to detect senescent cells are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Shaheera Mohamad Kamal
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sabreena Safuan
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Shaharum Shamsuddin
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; USM-RIKEN International Centre for Ageing Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Georgetown, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Parisa Foroozandeh
- USM-RIKEN International Centre for Ageing Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Georgetown, Penang, Malaysia.
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Attia SM, Al-Khalifa MK, Al-Hamamah MA, Alotaibi MR, Attia MSM, Ahmad SF, Ansari MA, Nadeem A, Bakheet SA. Vorinostat is genotoxic and epigenotoxic in the mouse bone marrow cells at the human equivalent doses. Toxicology 2020; 441:152507. [PMID: 32512035 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vorinostat was approved as the first histone deacetylase inhibitor for the management of cutaneous T cell lymphoma. However, it's in vivo genetic and epigenetic effects on non-cancerous cells remain poorly understood. As genetic and epigenetic changes play a critical role in the pathogenesis of carcinogenesis, we investigated whether vorinostat induces genetic and epigenetic alterations in mouse bone marrow cells. Bone marrow cells were isolated 24 h following the last oral administration of vorinostat at the doses of 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg/day for five days (approximately equal to the recommended human doses). The cells were then used to assess clastogenicity and aneugenicity by the micronucleus test complemented by fluorescence in situ hybridization assay; DNA strand breaks, oxidative DNA strand breaks, and DNA methylation by the modified comet assay; apoptosis by annexin V/PI staining analysis and the occurrence of the hypodiploid DNA content; and DNA damage/repair gene expression by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Array. The expression of the mRNA transcripts were also confirmed by real-time PCR and western blot analysis. Vorinostat caused structural chromosomal damage, numerical chromosomal abnormalities, DNA strand breaks, oxidative DNA strand breaks, DNA hypomethylation, and programed cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the expression of numerous genes implicated in DNA damage/repair were altered after vorinostat treatment. Accordingly, the genetic/epigenetic mechanism(s) of action of vorinostat may play a role in its carcinogenicity and support the continued study and development of new compounds with lower toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabry M Attia
- College of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed K Al-Khalifa
- College of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Al-Hamamah
- College of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moureq R Alotaibi
- College of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S M Attia
- College of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh F Ahmad
- College of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq A Ansari
- College of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- College of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Bakheet
- College of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Deniz AAH, Abdik EA, Abdik H, Aydın S, Şahin F, Taşlı PN. Zooming in across the Skin: A Macro-to-Molecular Panorama. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1247:157-200. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ramar MK, Dhayanandamoorthy Y, Ramachandran SS, Kandasamy R. HPLC-ESI-QqQ based standardization, mutagenic and genotoxic potential of methanol extract of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam leaves. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 246:112216. [PMID: 31493461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The leaves of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam have been an integral part of the traditional system of medicine for the treatment of inflammation, wounds, fever, asthma and liver disorders. The leaves are utilised as an edible vegetable in rural parts of India and Indonesia. Despite its pharmacological significance, Ziziphus mauritiana Lam lacks scientific evidence on its mutagenic and genotoxic potential. RATIONALE The aim of the present work is to identify bioactive compounds present in the methanol extract of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam leaves (MEZ) using HPLC-ESI-QqQ and to evaluate its mutagenic and genotoxic potential. METHODS The phytochemical standardization of the MEZ was done using HPLC-ESI-QqQ. The mutagenic and genotoxic potential of MEZ was tested using bacterial reverse mutation (Ames test), chromosomal aberration, and micronucleus tests. The Ames test was performed in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1535 and TA1537, and the genotoxic potential was tested in in-vitro using chromosome aberration assay with Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and in-vivo micronucleus test using mouse bone marrow cells. RESULTS Fifteen phytochemical compounds were identified in HPLC-ESI- QqQ. It was observed from the Ames test that MEZ did not induce gene mutations in the S. typhimurium in the presence or absence of S9 activation. Similarly, no significant increase in the number of structural aberrations was observed in CHO cells with or without S9 activation. The oral administration of MEZ at a dose of up to 2000 mg/kg caused no significant increase in the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes or in the mean ratio of polychromatic to total erythrocytes. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study confirm that MEZ is not-mutagenic and non-genotoxic in the presence or absence of the exogenous metabolizing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Kumar Ramar
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Research, National Facility for Drug Development (NFDD) for Academia, Pharmaceutical and Allied Industries, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Centre for Excellence in Nanobio Translational REsearch (CENTRE), Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Yamini Dhayanandamoorthy
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Research, National Facility for Drug Development (NFDD) for Academia, Pharmaceutical and Allied Industries, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Centre for Excellence in Nanobio Translational REsearch (CENTRE), Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shiyam Sundar Ramachandran
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ruckmani Kandasamy
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Research, National Facility for Drug Development (NFDD) for Academia, Pharmaceutical and Allied Industries, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Centre for Excellence in Nanobio Translational REsearch (CENTRE), Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Nieddu V, Piredda R, Bexell D, Barton J, Anderson J, Sebire N, Kolluri K, Janes SM, Karteris E, Sala A. Engineered human mesenchymal stem cells for neuroblastoma therapeutics. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:35-42. [PMID: 31115546 PMCID: PMC6549104 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant neuroblastoma remains a major challenge in paediatric oncology and novel and less toxic therapeutic approaches are urgently needed to improve survival and reduce the side effects of traditional therapeutic interventions. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an attractive candidate for cell and gene therapy since they are recruited by and able to infiltrate tumours. This feature has been exploited by creating genetically modified MSCs that are able to combat cancer by delivering therapeutic molecules. Whether neuroblastomas attract systemically delivered MSCs is still controversial. We investigated whether MSCs engineered to express tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) could: i) cause death of classic and primary neuroblastoma cell lines in vitro; ii) migrate to tumour sites in vivo; and iii) reduce neuroblastoma growth in xenotransplantation experiments. We observed that classic and primary neuroblastoma cell lines expressing death receptors could be killed by TRAIL-loaded MSCs in vitro. When injected in the peritoneum of neuroblastoma-bearing mice, TRAIL-MSCs migrated to tumour sites, but were unable to change the course of cancer development. These results indicated that MSCs have the potential to be used to deliver drugs in neuroblastoma patients, but more effective biopharmaceuticals should be used instead of TRAIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Nieddu
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Roberta Piredda
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Daniel Bexell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jack Barton
- Institute of Child Health, Unit of Molecular Haematology and Cancer Biology, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - John Anderson
- Institute of Child Health, Unit of Molecular Haematology and Cancer Biology, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Neil Sebire
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Krishna Kolluri
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Sam M Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Emmanouil Karteris
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Arturo Sala
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
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Neuroblastoma Cell Lines Are Refractory to Genotoxic Drug-Mediated Induction of Ligands for NK Cell-Activating Receptors. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:4972410. [PMID: 29805983 PMCID: PMC5901817 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4972410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB), the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood, causes death in almost 15% of children affected by cancer. Treatment of neuroblastoma is based on the combination of chemotherapy with other therapeutic interventions such as surgery, radiotherapy, use of differentiating agents, and immunotherapy. In particular, adoptive NK cell transfer is a new immune-therapeutic approach whose efficacy may be boosted by several anticancer agents able to induce the expression of ligands for NK cell-activating receptors, thus rendering cancer cells more susceptible to NK cell-mediated lysis. Here, we show that chemotherapeutic drugs commonly used for the treatment of NB such as cisplatin, topotecan, irinotecan, and etoposide are unable to induce the expression of activating ligands in a panel of NB cell lines. Consistently, cisplatin-treated NB cell lines were not more susceptible to NK cells than untreated cells. The refractoriness of NB cell lines to these drugs has been partially associated with the abnormal status of genes for ATM, ATR, Chk1, and Chk2, the major transducers of the DNA damage response (DDR), triggered by several anticancer agents and promoting different antitumor mechanisms including the expression of ligands for NK cell-activating receptors. Moreover, both the impaired production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in some NB cell lines and the transient p53 stabilization in response to our genotoxic drugs under our experimental conditions could contribute to inefficient induction of activating ligands. These data suggest that further investigations, exploiting molecular strategies aimed to potentiate the NK cell-mediated immunotherapy of NB, are warranted.
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Dusinska M, Tulinska J, El Yamani N, Kuricova M, Liskova A, Rollerova E, Rundén-Pran E, Smolkova B. Immunotoxicity, genotoxicity and epigenetic toxicity of nanomaterials: New strategies for toxicity testing? Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:797-811. [PMID: 28847762 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The unique properties of nanomaterials (NMs) are beneficial in numerous industrial and medical applications. However, they could also induce unintended effects. Thus, a proper strategy for toxicity testing is essential in human hazard and risk assessment. Toxicity can be tested in vivo and in vitro; in compliance with the 3Rs, alternative strategies for in vitro testing should be further developed for NMs. Robust, standardized methods are of great importance in nanotoxicology, with comprehensive material characterization and uptake as an integral part of the testing strategy. Oxidative stress has been shown to be an underlying mechanism of possible toxicity of NMs, causing both immunotoxicity and genotoxicity. For testing NMs in vitro, a battery of tests should be performed on cells of human origin, either cell lines or primary cells, in conditions as close as possible to an in vivo situation. Novel toxicity pathways, particularly epigenetic modification, should be assessed along with conventional toxicity testing methods. However, to initiate epigenetic toxicity screens for NM exposure, there is a need to better understand their adverse effects on the epigenome, to identify robust and reproducible causal links between exposure, epigenetic changes and adverse phenotypic endpoints, and to develop improved assays to monitor epigenetic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry-MILK, NILU- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway.
| | - Jana Tulinska
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Naouale El Yamani
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry-MILK, NILU- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Miroslava Kuricova
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Aurelia Liskova
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Rollerova
- Faculty of Public Health, Department of Toxicology, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Elise Rundén-Pran
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry-MILK, NILU- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Bozena Smolkova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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