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Ma K, Yin K, Li J, Ma L, Zhou Q, Lu X, Li B, Li J, Wei G, Zhang G. The Hypothalamic Epigenetic Landscape in Dietary Obesity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306379. [PMID: 38115764 PMCID: PMC10916675 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamus in the brain plays a pivotal role in controlling energy balance in vertebrates. Nutritional excess through high-fat diet (HFD) feeding can dysregulate hypothalamic signaling at multiple levels. Yet, it remains largely unknown in what magnitude HFD feeding may impact epigenetics in this brain region. Here, it is shown that HFD feeding can significantly alter hypothalamic epigenetic events, including posttranslational histone modifications, DNA methylation, and chromatin accessibility. The authors comprehensively analyze the chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq), methylated DNA immunoprecipitation-sequencing (MeDIP-seq), single nucleus assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (snATAC-seq), and RNA-seq data of the hypothalamus of C57 BL/6 mice fed with a chow or HFD for 1 to 6 months. The chromatins are categorized into 6 states using the obtained ChIP-seq data for H3K4me3, H3K27ac, H3K9me3, H3K27me3, and H3K36me3. A 1-month HFD feeding dysregulates histone modifications and DNA methylation more pronouncedly than that of 3- or 6-month. Besides, HFD feeding differentially impacts chromatin accessibility in hypothalamic cells. Thus, the epigenetic landscape is dysregulated in the hypothalamus of dietary obesity mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic DiseaseThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310003China
| | - Kaili Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthMinistry of EducationDepartment of ToxicologySchool of Public HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430030China
- Institute for Brain ResearchCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430030China
| | - Jiong Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthMinistry of EducationDepartment of ToxicologySchool of Public HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430030China
- Institute for Brain ResearchCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430030China
| | - Li Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational BiologyShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)CASShanghai200031China
| | - Qun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthMinistry of EducationDepartment of ToxicologySchool of Public HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430030China
- Institute for Brain ResearchCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430030China
| | - Xiyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu211166China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of EndocrinologyXinhua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200092China
| | - Juxue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu211166China
| | - Gang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational BiologyShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)CASShanghai200031China
| | - Guo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthMinistry of EducationDepartment of ToxicologySchool of Public HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430030China
- Institute for Brain ResearchCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430030China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenan475004China
- Institute of Metabolism and HealthHenan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
- Zhongzhou LaboratoryZhengzhouHenan450046China
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Bai Y, He H, Ren B, Ren J, Zou T, Chen X, Liu Y. Sstr2 Defines the Cone Differentiation-Competent Late-Stage Retinal Progenitor Cells in the Developing Mouse Retina. Stem Cells Transl Med 2024; 13:83-99. [PMID: 37935630 PMCID: PMC10785222 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szad073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cone cell death is a characteristic shared by various retinal degenerative disorders, such as cone-rod dystrophy, Stargardt disease, achromatopsia, and retinitis pigmentosa. This leads to conditions like color blindness and permanently impaired visual acuity. Stem cell therapy focused on photoreceptor replacement holds promise for addressing these conditions. However, identifying surface markers that aid in enriching retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) capable of differentiating into cones remains a complex task. In this study, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing to scrutinize the transcriptome of developing retinas in C57BL/6J mice. This revealed the distinctive expression of somatostatin receptor 2 (Sstr2), a surface protein, in late-stage RPCs exhibiting the potential for photoreceptor differentiation. In vivo lineage tracing experiments verified that Sstr2+ cells within the late embryonic retina gave rise to cones, amacrine and horizontal cells during the developmental process. Furthermore, Sstr2+ cells that were isolated from the late embryonic mouse retina displayed RPC markers and exhibited the capability to differentiate into cones in vitro. Upon subretinal transplantation into both wild-type and retinal degeneration 10 (rd10) mice, Sstr2+ cells survived and expressed cone-specific markers. This study underscores the ability of Sstr2 to enrich late-stage RPCs primed for cone differentiation to a large extent. It proposes the utility of Sstr2 as a biomarker for RPCs capable of generating cones for transplantation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Bai
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han He
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bangqi Ren
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiayun Ren
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Zou
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Liu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
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Micheli L, D'Andrea G, Creanza TM, Volpe D, Ancona N, Scardigli R, Tirone F. Transcriptome analysis reveals genes associated with stem cell activation by physical exercise in the dentate gyrus of aged p16Ink4a knockout mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1270892. [PMID: 37928906 PMCID: PMC10621069 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1270892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout adulthood neural stem cells divide in neurogenic niches-the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone-producing progenitor cells and new neurons. Stem cells self-renew, thus preserving their pool. Furthermore, the number of stem/progenitor cells in the neurogenic niches decreases with age. We have previously demonstrated that the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16Ink4a maintains, in aged mice, the pool of dentate gyrus stem cells by preventing their activation after a neurogenic stimulus such as exercise (running). We showed that, although p16Ink4a ablation by itself does not activate stem/progenitor cells, exercise strongly induced stem cell proliferation in p16Ink4a knockout dentate gyrus, but not in wild-type. As p16Ink4a regulates stem cell self-renewal during aging, we sought to profile the dentate gyrus transcriptome from p16Ink4a wild-type and knockout aged mice, either sedentary or running for 12 days. By pairwise comparisons of differentially expressed genes and by correlative analyses through the DESeq2 software, we identified genes regulated by p16Ink4a deletion, either without stimulus (running) added, or following running. The p16Ink4a knockout basic gene signature, i.e., in sedentary mice, involves upregulation of apoptotic, neuroinflammation- and synaptic activity-associated genes, suggesting a reactive cellular state. Conversely, another set of 106 genes we identified, whose differential expression specifically reflects the pattern of proliferative response of p16 knockout stem cells to running, are involved in processes that regulate stem cell activation, such as synaptic function, neurotransmitter metabolism, stem cell proliferation control, and reactive oxygen species level regulation. Moreover, we analyzed the regulation of these stem cell-specific genes after a second running stimulus. Surprisingly, the second running neither activated stem cell proliferation in the p16Ink4a knockout dentate gyrus nor changed the expression of these genes, confirming that they are correlated to the stem cell reactivity to stimulus, a process where they may play a role regulating stem cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Micheli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio D'Andrea
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Maria Creanza
- CNR-Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniel Volpe
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Ancona
- CNR-Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing, Bari, Italy
| | - Raffaella Scardigli
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Rome, Italy
| | - Felice Tirone
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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Severa G, Pennisi A, Barnerias C, Fiorillo C, Scala M, Taglietti V, Cojocaru AI, Jouni D, Tosca L, Tachdjian G, Desguerre I, Authier FJ, Carlier RY, Metay C, Verebi C, Malfatti E. An early onset benign myopathy with glycogen storage caused by a de novo 1.4 Mb-deletion of chromosome 14. Neuromuscul Disord 2023; 33:817-821. [PMID: 37743183 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Early onset myopathies are a clinically and histologically heterogeneous monogenic diseases linked to approximately 90 genes. Molecular diagnosis is challenging, especially in patients with a mild phenotype. We describe a 26-year-old man with neonatal hypotonia, motor delay and seizures during infancy, and non-progressive, mild muscular weakness in adulthood. Serum Creatine kinase level was normal. Whole-body muscle MRI showed thin muscles, and brain MRI was unremarkable. A deltoid muscle biopsy showed glycogen storage. WGS revealed a de novo 1.4 Mb-deletion of chromosome 14, confirmed by Array-CGH. This microdeletion causes the loss of ten genes including RALGAPA1, encoding for RalA, a regulator of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression at the membrane of myofibers. GLUT4 was overexpressed in patient's muscle. Here we highlight the importance to search for chromosomal alterations in the diagnostic workup of early onset myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Severa
- Université Paris Est, U955, IMRB, INSERM, APHP, Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire Nord-Est-Ile-de-France, Filnemus, Henri Mondor Hospital, France; Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, Neurology‑Neurophysiology Unit, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci 1, 5310 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Christine Barnerias
- Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Filnemus, EuroNMD, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP) Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Chiara Fiorillo
- Neurologia Pediatrica e Malattie Muscolari, Istituto G.Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marcello Scala
- Neurologia Pediatrica e Malattie Muscolari, Istituto G.Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università Degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | - Dima Jouni
- AP-HP. Université Paris Saclay, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Service d'Histologie, Embryologie et Cytogénétique, 92140 Clamart, France
| | - Lucie Tosca
- AP-HP. Université Paris Saclay, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Service d'Histologie, Embryologie et Cytogénétique, 92140 Clamart, France
| | - Gérard Tachdjian
- AP-HP. Université Paris Saclay, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Service d'Histologie, Embryologie et Cytogénétique, 92140 Clamart, France
| | - Isabelle Desguerre
- Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Filnemus, EuroNMD, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP) Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - François-Jérome Authier
- Université Paris Est, U955, IMRB, INSERM, APHP, Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire Nord-Est-Ile-de-France, Filnemus, Henri Mondor Hospital, France
| | - Robert-Yves Carlier
- AP-HP, GHU Paris Saclay, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, DMU Smart Imaging, UMR1179 INSERM Garches France
| | - Corinne Metay
- Unité Fonctionnelle de Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique moléculaire et cellulaire. Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique et INSERM UMRS 974, Institut de Myologie. Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, INSERM UMRS1166, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Camille Verebi
- Service de Médecine Génomique, Maladies de Système et d'Organe - Fédération de Génétique et de Médecine Génomique, DMU BioPhyGen, APHP Centre-Université Paris Cité - Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Edoardo Malfatti
- Université Paris Est, U955, IMRB, INSERM, APHP, Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire Nord-Est-Ile-de-France, Filnemus, Henri Mondor Hospital, France.
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5
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Kaur L, Sundrani D, Dave K, Randhir K, Mehendale S, Bayyana S, Kalyanaraman K, Chandak GR, Joshi S. Hypoxia Inducible Factors (HIF1α and HIF3α) are differentially methylated in preeclampsia placentae and are associated with birth outcomes. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2309-2318. [PMID: 36708442 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04661-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a placental vascular pathology and hypoxia is known to influence placental angiogenesis. Hypoxia Inducible Factors (HIF1α and HIF3α) mediate the response to cellular oxygen concentration and bind to hypoxia response element of target genes. However the mechanism regulating above activity is not well-understood. We investigated if placental DNA methylation (DNAm) and expression of HIF1α and 3α genes are altered and associated with pre-eclampsia, placental weight and birth outcomes. Using a cohort comprising women with preeclampsia [N = 100, delivering at term (N = 43) and preterm (N = 57)] and normotensive controls (N = 100), we analysed DNAm in HIF1α and 3α, and their mRNA expression in placentae, employing pyrosequencing and quantitative real-time PCR, respectively. We observed significant hypermethylation at cg22891070 of HIF3α in preeclampsia placentae compared to controls (β = 1.5%, p = 0.04). CpG8 in the promoter region of HIF1α, showed marginally significant hypomethylation in preterm preeclampsia compared to controls (β = - 0.15%, p = 0.055). HIF1α expression was significantly lower in preterm preeclampsia compared to controls (mean ± SE = 10.16 ± 2.00 vs 4.25 ± 0.90, p = 0.04). Further, DNAm in HIF1α promoter region was negatively associated with its expression levels (β = - 0.165, p = 0.024). Several CpGs in HIF1α were negatively associated with placental weight and birth outcomes including birth weight (β range = - 0.224-0.300) and birth length [β range = - 0.248 to - 0.301 (p < 0.05 for all)]. Overall, we demonstrate altered DNAm in HIF1α and HIF3α in preeclampsia placentae, also associated with various birth outcomes. Correlation of DNAm in HIF1α and its expression suggests a possible role in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. Further investigations on interactions between HIF1α and HIF3α in preeclampsia would be interesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovejeet Kaur
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Maternal and Child Health (MCH), Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Deepali Sundrani
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Kinjal Dave
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Karuna Randhir
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Savita Mehendale
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College and Hospital, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Swati Bayyana
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Kumaran Kalyanaraman
- CSI Epidemiology Research Unit, Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore, India
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Giriraj R Chandak
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, 500007, India.
| | - Sadhana Joshi
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India.
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Li ZM, Li YY, Fei CF, Zhou LQ. Insm2 deficiency results in female infertility by disturbing steroid pathway and decreasing ovarian reserve in mice. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:2255-2267. [PMID: 35786158 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2092816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The number and quality of oocytes in the ovarian reserve are related to fertility and reproductive lifespan in mammals. Some transcription factors have been demonstrated to determine oogenesis. The insulinoma-associated 2 (Insm2) gene is a member of the Snail transcriptional repressor superfamily. Recent studies have demonstrated Insm2 plays an essential role for insulin secretion and glucose intolerance in mice, but the functions of Insm2 in reproduction remain elusive. Here, by examination of Insm2 knockout mice, we found Insm2 was essential for female fertility. Loss of Insm2 resulted in female infertility with major defects in primordial follicle pool, ovarian folliculogenesis and ovulation. Transcriptomic profiling of ovaries suggests that loss of Insm2 caused defects in oocyte meiosis and steroid synthesis. Both oocyte- and granulosa cell-expressed genes were dysregulated, including Foxo1 and other known genes involved in primary ovarian insufficiency. Together, these studies show that Insm2 is required for oocyte development and their communication with ovarian somatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ming Li
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cai-Feng Fei
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Quan Zhou
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Tomić TT, Olausson J, Rehammar A, Deland L, Muth A, Ejeskär K, Nilsson S, Kristiansson E, Wassén ON, Abel F. MYO5B mutations in pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma promote cancer progression. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008803. [PMID: 32511227 PMCID: PMC7329139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of additional cancer-associated genes and secondary mutations driving the metastatic progression in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) is important for subtyping, and may provide optimization of therapeutic regimens. We recently reported novel recurrent nonsynonymous mutations in the MYO5B gene in metastatic PPGL. Here, we explored the functional impact of these MYO5B mutations, and analyzed MYO5B expression in primary PPGL tumor cases in relation to mutation status. Immunohistochemistry and mRNA expression analysis in 30 PPGL tumors revealed an increased MYO5B expression in metastatic compared to non-metastatic cases. In addition, subcellular localization of MYO5B protein was altered from cytoplasmic to membranous in some metastatic tumors, and the strongest and most abnormal expression pattern was observed in a paraganglioma harboring a somatic MYO5B:p.G1611S mutation. In addition to five previously discovered MYO5B mutations, the present study of 30 PPGL (8 previous and 22 new samples) also revealed two, and hence recurrent, mutations in the gene paralog MYO5A. The three MYO5B missense mutations with the highest prediction scores (p.L587P, p.G1611S and p.R1641C) were selected and functionally validated using site directed mutagenesis and stable transfection into human neuroblastoma cells (SK-N-AS) and embryonic kidney cells (HEK293). In vitro analysis showed a significant increased proliferation rate in all three MYO5B mutated clones. The two somatically derived mutations, p.L587P and p.G1611S, were also found to increase the migration rate. Expression analysis of MYO5B mutants compared to wild type clones, demonstrated a significant enrichment of genes involved in migration, proliferation, cell adhesion, glucose metabolism, and cellular homeostasis. Our study validates the functional role of novel MYO5B mutations in proliferation and migration, and suggest the MYO5-pathway to be involved in the malignant progression in some PPGL tumors. Up to 25% of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL) cases develop metastatic disease with poor outcome and few treatment options. The disease mechanism is not fully understood, and to date there are no reliable markers to predict malignancy. We have recently discovered novel missense mutations in the non-conventional myosin 5 gene (MYO5B), an endosomal transport protein, which we now show enhances progression and migration in PPGLs. MYO5B mutations were preferentially found in patients with metastatic disease and SDH deficiency (germline SDHB-mutations). Abolished SDH activity result in a metabolic switch to aerobic glycolysis requiring increased glucose consumption. Since the MYO5B mutations were found to drive progression through downstream up-regulation of glucose metabolism genes, e.g. glucagon, we hypothesize that these mutations may fuel the pseudohypoxic state by altering glucose uptake in cancer cells. Our result is the first to link the myosin 5 genes to PPGL tumorigenesis. Further, it shows that the tumor progression route in PPGL is complex, with contribution from several genetic factors. An increasing number of studies show dysregulation and importance of the MYO5-proteins in cancer, but little is still known about the precise role and mechanism of mutations, hence more research in this area is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tajana Tešan Tomić
- Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Josefin Olausson
- Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Rehammar
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lily Deland
- Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andreas Muth
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Surgery, Section of endocrine and sarcoma surgery, Gothenborg, Sweden
| | - Katarina Ejeskär
- School of Health and Education, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Staffan Nilsson
- Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Kristiansson
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ola Nilsson Wassén
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frida Abel
- Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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8
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Chen C, Notkins AL, Lan MS. Insulinoma-Associated-1: From Neuroendocrine Tumor Marker to Cancer Therapeutics. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1597-1604. [PMID: 31113827 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Insulinoma-associated-1 (IA-1 or INSM1) encodes a zinc-finger transcription factor, which was isolated from a human insulinoma subtraction library, with specific expression patterns, predominantly in developing neuroendocrine tissues and tumors. INSM1 is key in early pancreatic endocrine, sympatho-adrenal lineage, and pan-neurogenic precursor development. Insm1 gene ablation results in impairment of pancreatic β cells, catecholamine biosynthesis, and basal progenitor development during mammalian neocortex maturation. Recently, INSM1 has emerged as a superior, sensitive, and specific biomarker for neuroendocrine tumors. INSM1 regulates downstream target genes and exhibits extranuclear activities associated with multiple signaling pathways, including Sonic Hedgehog, PI3K/AKT, MEK/ERK1/2, ADK, p53, Wnt, histone acetylation, LSD1, cyclin D1, Ascl1, and N-myc. Novel strategies targeting INSM1-associated signaling pathways facilitate the suppression of neuroendocrine tumor growth. In addition, INSM1 promoter-driven reporter assay and/or suicide gene therapy are promising effective therapeutic approaches for targeted specific neuroendocrine tumor therapy. In this review, the current knowledge of the biological role of INSM1 as a neuroendocrine tumor biomarker is summarized, and novel strategies targeting multiple signaling pathways in the context of INSM1 expression in neuroendocrine tumors are further explored. IMPLICATIONS: Neuroendocrine transcription factor (INSM1) may serve as a neuroendocrine biomarker for the development of novel cancer therapeutics against neuroendocrine tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiachen Chen
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Abner L Notkins
- Experimental Medicine Section, National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael S Lan
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana. .,Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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