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Casadevall C, Quero S, Millares L, Faner R, Cosío BG, Peces-Barba G, Castro-Acosta A, Montón C, Palou A, Pascual-Guardia S, Agustí A, Gea J, Monsó E. Relationship between Respiratory Microbiome and Systemic Inflammatory Markers in COPD: A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8467. [PMID: 39126034 PMCID: PMC11313397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The respiratory microbiome may influence the development and progression of COPD by modulating local immune and inflammatory events. We aimed to investigate whether relative changes in respiratory bacterial abundance are also associated with systemic inflammation, and explore their relationship with the main clinical COPD phenotypes. Multiplex analysis of inflammatory markers and transcript eosinophil-related markers were analyzed on peripheral blood in a cohort of stable COPD patients (n = 72). Respiratory microbiome composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA microbial sequencing on spontaneous sputum. Spearman correlations were applied to test the relationship between the microbiome composition and systemic inflammation. The concentration of the plasma IL-8 showed an inverted correlation with the relative abundance of 17 bacterial genera in the whole COPD cohort. COPD patients categorized as eosinophilic showed positive relationships with blood eosinophil markers and inversely correlated with the degree of airway obstruction and the number of exacerbations during the previous year. COPD patients categorized as frequent exacerbators were enriched with the bacterial genera Pseudomonas which, in turn, was positively associated with the severity of airflow limitation and the prior year's exacerbation history. The associative relationships of the sputum microbiome with the severity of the disease emphasize the relevance of the interaction between the respiratory microbiota and systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carme Casadevall
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (S.P.-G.); (J.G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Área de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.Q.); (R.F.); (B.G.C.); (G.P.-B.); (A.A.)
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Quero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Área de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.Q.); (R.F.); (B.G.C.); (G.P.-B.); (A.A.)
- Airway Inflammation Research Group, Parc Taulí Research and Innovation Institute-I3PT–Parc Taulí Foundation, 08208 Sabadell, Spain; (L.M.); (C.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Laura Millares
- Airway Inflammation Research Group, Parc Taulí Research and Innovation Institute-I3PT–Parc Taulí Foundation, 08208 Sabadell, Spain; (L.M.); (C.M.); (E.M.)
- Catalan Institute of Oncology–ICO, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Faner
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Área de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.Q.); (R.F.); (B.G.C.); (G.P.-B.); (A.A.)
- Servei de Pneumologia (Institut Clínic de Respiratori) and Dispositiu Transversal d’Hospitalització a Domicili (Direcció Mèdica i d’Infermeria), Hospital Clínic–Fundació Clínic per la Recerca Biomèdica, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Borja G. Cosío
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Área de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.Q.); (R.F.); (B.G.C.); (G.P.-B.); (A.A.)
- Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Son Espases–Institut d’Investigació Sanitària de Palma (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
| | - Germán Peces-Barba
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Área de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.Q.); (R.F.); (B.G.C.); (G.P.-B.); (A.A.)
- Servicio de Neumología, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ady Castro-Acosta
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Concepción Montón
- Airway Inflammation Research Group, Parc Taulí Research and Innovation Institute-I3PT–Parc Taulí Foundation, 08208 Sabadell, Spain; (L.M.); (C.M.); (E.M.)
- Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, 08208 Sabadell, Spain
| | - Alexandre Palou
- Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Son Espases–Institut d’Investigació Sanitària de Palma (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
| | - Sergi Pascual-Guardia
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (S.P.-G.); (J.G.)
- Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alvar Agustí
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Área de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.Q.); (R.F.); (B.G.C.); (G.P.-B.); (A.A.)
- Servei de Pneumologia (Institut Clínic de Respiratori) and Dispositiu Transversal d’Hospitalització a Domicili (Direcció Mèdica i d’Infermeria), Hospital Clínic–Fundació Clínic per la Recerca Biomèdica, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Gea
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (S.P.-G.); (J.G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Área de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.Q.); (R.F.); (B.G.C.); (G.P.-B.); (A.A.)
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Monsó
- Airway Inflammation Research Group, Parc Taulí Research and Innovation Institute-I3PT–Parc Taulí Foundation, 08208 Sabadell, Spain; (L.M.); (C.M.); (E.M.)
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Cheng ZX, Zhang J. Exploring the Role of Gut-Lung Interactions in COPD Pathogenesis: A Comprehensive Review on Microbiota Characteristics and Inflammation Modulation. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES (MIAMI, FLA.) 2024; 11:311-325. [PMID: 38563747 PMCID: PMC11216226 DOI: 10.15326/jcopdf.2023.0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a paramount contributor to global morbidity and mortality. Over the past decade, the concept of the "gut-lung axis" has emerged, offering a lens through which to examine the intricate interplay between the host, microbiome, and respiratory diseases, including COPD. An expanding body of evidence underscores that the composition of both the gastrointestinal and respiratory microbiome deviates in COPD patients compared to healthy individuals, leading to distinct host immune responses and clinical manifestations. The objective of this review is to provide a concise overview of the role both gut and respiratory microbiome play in the development of COPD. This was accomplished by compiling current literature on the microbiome profile in stable and exacerbated cases of COPD, as well as exploring the biological mechanisms through a discussion of relevant experiments conducted on murine models. Hallmark characteristics of the microbial profile in COPD encompass reduced Prevotella species in the respiratory microbiome, culminating in a loss of anti-inflammatory protection, and diminished Bacteroidetes in the gut microbiome, leading to a decrease in protective short-chain fatty acids. The proliferation of Proteobacteria, particularly the Haemophilus species, Moraxellaspecies, and Pseudomonas species contribute to COPD pathologies via recognition of proinflammatory lipopolysaccharide via Toll-like receptors. As a consequence, deteriorated pulmonary function, enhanced severity, increased onset of exacerbations, and elevated mortality were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xuan Cheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *PhD candidate
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Luo L, Tang J, Du X, Li N. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the airway microbiome: A review for clinicians. Respir Med 2024; 225:107586. [PMID: 38460708 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2024.107586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex heterogeneous disease characterized by progressive airflow limitation and chronic inflammation. The progressive development and long-term repeated acute exacerbation of COPD make many patients still unable to control the deterioration of the disease after active treatment, and even eventually lead to death. An increasing number of studies have shown that the occurrence and development of COPD are closely related to the composition and changes of airway microbiome. This article reviews the interaction between COPD and airway microbiome, the potential mechanisms of interaction, and the treatment methods related to microbiome. We elaborated the internal correlation between airway microbiome and different stages of COPD, inflammatory endotypes, glucocorticoid and antibiotic treatment, analyze the pathophysiological mechanisms such as the "vicious cycle" hypothesis, abnormal inflammation-immune response of the host and the "natural selection" of COPD to airway microbiome, introduce the treatment of COPD related to microbiome and emphasize the predictive value of airway microbiome for the progression, exacerbation and prognosis of COPD, as well as the guiding role for clinical management of patients, in order to provide a new perspective for exploring the pathogenesis of COPD, and also provide clues and guidance for finding new treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxin Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, PR China
| | - Junli Tang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, PR China
| | - Xianzhi Du
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, PR China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, PR China.
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Yu T, Chen Y, Ren X, Yang T. Respiratory Microbiome Profiles Associated With Distinct Inflammatory Phenotype and Clinical Indexes in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES (MIAMI, FLA.) 2024; 11:155-163. [PMID: 38113524 DOI: 10.15326/jcopdf.2023.0445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Introduction/Objective Respiratory microbiome studies have fostered our understanding of the various phenotypes and endotypes of heterogeneous chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aimed to identify microbiome-driven clusters that reflect the clinical features and dominant microbiota of COPD. Methods This cross-sectional study included 32 patients with stable COPD between December 2019 and December 2020 from the outpatient clinic of the China-Japan Friendship Hospital. Sputum samples were tested for 16S rRNA. Patients were classified according to the species level using an unsupervised clustering method to compare the inflammatory phenotypes of 2 clusters and analyze the correlation between the main bacteria and clinical indicators in each cluster. Patients were further divided into 2 clusters according to microorganisms. Results Neutrophils in cluster 1 were significantly increased compared with cluster 2. Cluster 1 was predominantly Bacteroides, while cluster 2 was dominated by Prevotella and Fusobacterium at the genus level. Fusobacterium was negatively correlated with the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score, and Bacteroides were positively correlated with the number of acute exacerbations of COPD. Conclusion This study found that differential flora was negatively associated with CAT scores and the number of acute exacerbations of COPD. This microbiome-driven, unbiased clustering method for COPD can help identify new endotype-related COPD phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunru Chen
- Centre for Evidence-based Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Ren
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Yang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Taherkhani H, KavianFar A, Aminnezhad S, Lanjanian H, Ahmadi A, Azimzadeh S, Masoudi-Nejad A. Deciphering the impact of microbial interactions on COPD exacerbation: An in-depth analysis of the lung microbiome. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24775. [PMID: 38370212 PMCID: PMC10869780 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In microbiome studies, the diversity and types of microbes have been extensively explored; however, the significance of microbial ecology is equally paramount. The comprehension of metabolic interactions among the wide array of microorganisms in the lung microbiota is indispensable for understanding chronic pulmonary disease and for the development of potent treatments. In this investigation, metabolic networks were simulated, and ecological theory was employed to assess the diagnosis of COPD, subsequently suggesting innovative treatment strategies for COPD exacerbation. Lung sputum 16S rRNA paired-end data from 112 COPD patients were utilized, and a supervised machine-learning algorithm was applied to identify taxa associated with sex and mortality. Subsequently, an OTU table with Greengenes 99 % dataset was generated. Finally, the interactions between bacterial species were analyzed using a simulated metabolic network. A total of 1781 OTUs and 1740 bacteria at the genus level were identified. We employed an additional dataset to validate our analyses. Notably, among the more abundant genera, Pseudomonas was detected in females, while Lactobacillus was detected in males. Additionally, a decrease in bacterial diversity was observed during COPD exacerbation, and mortality was associated with the high abundance of the Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas genera. Moreover, an increase in Proteobacteria abundance was observed during COPD exacerbations. In contrast, COPD patients exhibited decreased levels of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Significant connections between microbial ecology and bacterial diversity in COPD patients were discovered, highlighting the critical role of microbial ecology in the understanding of COPD. Through the simulation of metabolic interactions among bacteria, the observed dysbiosis in COPD was elucidated. Furthermore, the prominence of anaerobic bacteria in COPD patients was revealed to be influenced by parasitic relationships. These findings have the potential to contribute to improved clinical management strategies for COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Taherkhani
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Department of Bioinformatics, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran
| | - Azadeh KavianFar
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Department of Bioinformatics, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran
| | - Sargol Aminnezhad
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Lanjanian
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ahmadi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Azimzadeh
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Masoudi-Nejad
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Department of Bioinformatics, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Pragman AA, Hodgson SW, Wu T, Zank A, Reilly CS, Wendt CH. Sputum microbiome α-diversity is a key feature of the COPD frequent exacerbator phenotype. ERJ Open Res 2024; 10:00595-2023. [PMID: 38333651 PMCID: PMC10851948 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00595-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The lung microbiome is an inflammatory stimulus whose role in COPD pathogenesis is incompletely understood. We hypothesised that the frequent exacerbator phenotype is associated with decreased α-diversity and increased lung inflammation. Our objective was to assess correlations between the frequent exacerbator phenotype, the microbiome and inflammation longitudinally during exacerbation-free periods. Methods We conducted a case-control longitudinal observational study of the frequent exacerbator phenotype and characteristics of the airway microbiome. 81 subjects (41 frequent and 40 infrequent exacerbators) provided nasal, oral and sputum microbiome samples at two visits over 2-4 months. Exacerbation phenotype, relevant clinical factors and sputum cytokine values were associated with microbiome findings. Results The frequent exacerbator phenotype was associated with lower sputum microbiome α-diversity (p=0.0031). This decrease in α-diversity among frequent exacerbators was enhanced when the sputum bacterial culture was positive (p<0.001). Older age was associated with decreased sputum microbiome α-diversity (p=0.0030). Between-visit β-diversity was increased among frequent exacerbators and those who experienced a COPD exacerbation between visits (p=0.025 and p=0.014, respectively). Sputum cytokine values did not differ based on exacerbation phenotype or other clinical characteristics. Interleukin (IL)-17A was negatively associated with α-diversity, while IL-6 and IL-8 were positively associated with α-diversity (p=0.012, p=0.012 and p=0.0496, respectively). IL-22, IL-17A and IL-5 levels were positively associated with Moraxella abundance (p=0.027, p=0.0014 and p=0.0020, respectively). Conclusions Even during exacerbation-free intervals, the COPD frequent exacerbator phenotype is associated with decreased sputum microbiome α-diversity and increased β-diversity. Decreased sputum microbiome α-diversity and Moraxella abundance are associated with lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa A. Pragman
- Department of Medicine, Minneapolis VA Health Care System and Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Shane W. Hodgson
- Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tianhua Wu
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Allison Zank
- Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Cavan S. Reilly
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Chris H. Wendt
- Department of Medicine, Minneapolis VA Health Care System and Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Mao X, Li Y, Shi P, Zhu Z, Sun J, Xue Y, Wan Z, Yang D, Ma T, Wang J, Zhu R. Analysis of sputum microbial flora in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with different phenotypes during acute exacerbations. Microb Pathog 2023; 184:106335. [PMID: 37673353 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing studies have shown that the imbalance of the respiratory microbial flora is related to the occurrence of COPD, the severity and frequency of exacerbations and mortality.However, it remains unclear how the sputum microbial flora differs during exacerbations in COPD patients manifesting emphysema phenotype, chronic bronchitis with emphysema phenotype and asthma-COPD overlap phenotype. METHODS Sputum samples were obtained from 29 COPD patients experiencing acute exacerbations who had not received antibiotics or systemic corticosteroids within the past four weeks.Patients were divided into three groups;emphysema phenotype(E);chronic bronchitis with emphysema phenotype(B+E) and asthma-COPD overlap phenotype(ACO).We utilized metagenomic Next Generation Sequencing (mNGS) technology to analyze the sputum microbial flora in COPD patients with different phenotypes during exacerbations. RESULTS There was no significant difference in alpha diversity and beta diversity among three groups.The microbial flora composition was similar in all three groups during exacerbations except for a significant increase in Streptococcus mitis in ACO.Through network analysis,we found Candidatus Saccharibacteria oral taxon TM7x and Fusobacterium necrophorum were the core nodes of the co-occurrence network in ACO and E respectively.They were positively correlated with some species and play a synergistic role.In B+E,Haemophilus pittmaniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae had a synergistic effect.Besides,some species among the three groups play a synergistic or antagonistic role.Through Spearman analysis,we found the relative abundance of Streptococcus mitis was negatively correlated with the number of hospitalizations in the past year(r = -0.410,P = 0.027).We also observed that the relative abundance of Prevotella and Prevotella melaninogenica was negatively correlated with age(r = -0.534,P = 0.003;r = -0.567,P = 0.001),while the relative abundance of Streptococcus oralis and Actinomyces odontolyticus was positively correlated with age(r = 0.570,P = 0.001;r = 0.480,P = 0.008).In addition,the relative abundance of Prevotella melaninogenica was negatively correlated with peripheral blood neutrophil ratio and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio(r = -0.479,P = 0.009;r = -0.555,P = 0.002),while the relative abundance of Streptococcus sanguinis was positively correlated with peripheral blood neutrophil ratio and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (r = 0.450,P = 0.014;r = 0.501,P = 0.006).There was also a significant positive correlation between Oribacterium and blood eosinophil counts(r = 0.491,P = 0.007). CONCLUSION Overall,we analyzed the sputum microbiota of COPD patients with different phenotypes and its relationship with clinical indicators, and explored the relationships between microbiota and inflammation in COPD.We hope to alter the prognosis of patients by inhibiting specific bacterial taxa related to inflammation and using guide individualized treatment in the future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Mao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Huaian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, 223002, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Huaian Clinial College of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, 223300, China
| | - Pengfei Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Huaian Clinial College of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, 223300, China
| | - Ziwei Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Huaian Clinial College of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, 223300, China
| | - Juan Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, 223300, China
| | - Yu Xue
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, 223300, China
| | - Zongren Wan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, 223300, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, 223300, China
| | - Ting Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, 223300, China
| | - Jipeng Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, 223300, China
| | - Rong Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Huaian Clinial College of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, 223300, China.
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Hazra D, SM F, Chawla K, Sintchenko V, Martinez E, Magazine R, Siddalingaiah N. The altered sputum microbiome profile in patients with moderate and severe COPD exacerbations, compared to the healthy group in the Indian population. F1000Res 2023; 12:528. [PMID: 37928173 PMCID: PMC10624950 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.132220.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Microbial culture-independent sequencing techniques have advanced our understanding of host-microbiome interactions in health and disease. The purpose of this study was to explore the dysbiosis of airway microbiota in patients with moderate or severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and compare them with healthy controls. Methods: The COPD patients were investigated for disease severity based on airflow limitations and divided into moderate (50%≤FEV1<80% predicted) and severe groups (FEV1<50% predicted). Spontaneous sputum samples were collected and, the V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA coding gene were sequenced to examine the microbiome profile of COPD and healthy participants. Results: A total of 45 sputum samples were collected from 17 severe COPD, 12 moderate COPD cases, and 16 healthy volunteers. The bacterial alpha diversity (Shannon and Simpson's index) significantly decreased in the moderate and severe COPD groups, compared to healthy samples. A significantly higher proportion of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were present in moderate COPD, and Proteobacteria numbers were comparatively increased in severe COPD. In healthy samples, Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria were more abundant in comparison to both the COPD groups. Among the most commonly detected 20 bacterial genera, Streptococcus was predominant among the COPD sputum samples, whereas Prevotella was the top genus in healthy controls. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA>2) revealed that marker genera like Streptococcus and Rothia were abundant in moderate COPD. For severe COPD, the genera Pseudomonasand Leptotrichia were most prevalent, whereas Fusobacterium and Prevotella were dominant in the healthy group. Conclusions: Our findings suggest a significant dysbiosis of the respiratory microbiome in COPD patients. The decreased microbial diversity may influence the host immune response and provide microbiological biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Druti Hazra
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Fayaz SM
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Kiran Chawla
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Vitali Sintchenko
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology-Public Health, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wale, 2145, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2145, Australia
| | - Elena Martinez
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2145, Australia
| | - Rahul Magazine
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Nayana Siddalingaiah
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
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Gea J, Enríquez-Rodríguez CJ, Agranovich B, Pascual-Guardia S. Update on metabolomic findings in COPD patients. ERJ Open Res 2023; 9:00180-2023. [PMID: 37908399 PMCID: PMC10613990 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00180-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
COPD is a heterogeneous disorder that shows diverse clinical presentations (phenotypes and "treatable traits") and biological mechanisms (endotypes). This heterogeneity implies that to carry out a more personalised clinical management, it is necessary to classify each patient accurately. With this objective, and in addition to clinical features, it would be very useful to have well-defined biological markers. The search for these markers may either be done through more conventional laboratory and hypothesis-driven techniques or relatively blind high-throughput methods, with the omics approaches being suitable for the latter. Metabolomics is the science that studies biological processes through their metabolites, using various techniques such as gas and liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. The most relevant metabolomics studies carried out in COPD highlight the importance of metabolites involved in pathways directly related to proteins (peptides and amino acids), nucleic acids (nitrogenous bases and nucleosides), and lipids and their derivatives (especially fatty acids, phospholipids, ceramides and eicosanoids). These findings indicate the relevance of inflammatory-immune processes, oxidative stress, increased catabolism and alterations in the energy production. However, some specific findings have also been reported for different COPD phenotypes, demographic characteristics of the patients, disease progression profiles, exacerbations, systemic manifestations and even diverse treatments. Unfortunately, the studies carried out to date have some limitations and shortcomings and there is still a need to define clear metabolomic profiles with clinical utility for the management of COPD and its implicit heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Gea
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Hospital del Mar – IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
- MELIS Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERES, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - César J. Enríquez-Rodríguez
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Hospital del Mar – IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
- MELIS Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bella Agranovich
- Rappaport Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Technion University, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sergi Pascual-Guardia
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Hospital del Mar – IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
- MELIS Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERES, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Wang R, Huang C, Yang W, Wang C, Wang P, Guo L, Cao J, Huang L, Song H, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Shi G. Respiratory microbiota and radiomics features in the stable COPD patients. Respir Res 2023; 24:131. [PMID: 37173744 PMCID: PMC10176953 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02434-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS The respiratory microbiota and radiomics correlate with the disease severity and prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We aim to characterize the respiratory microbiota and radiomics features of COPD patients and explore the relationship between them. METHODS Sputa from stable COPD patients were collected for bacterial 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and fungal Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequencing. Chest computed tomography (CT) and 3D-CT analysis were conducted for radiomics information, including the percentages of low attenuation area below - 950 Hounsfield Units (LAA%), wall thickness (WT), and intraluminal area (Ai). WT and Ai were adjusted by body surface area (BSA) to WT/[Formula: see text] and Ai/BSA, respectively. Some key pulmonary function indicators were collected, which included forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), diffusion lung carbon monoxide (DLco). Differences and correlations of microbiomics with radiomics and clinical indicators between different patient subgroups were assessed. RESULTS Two bacterial clusters dominated by Streptococcus and Rothia were identified. Chao and Shannon indices were higher in the Streptococcus cluster than that in the Rothia cluster. Principal Co-ordinates Analysis (PCoA) indicated significant differences between their community structures. Higher relative abundance of Actinobacteria was detected in the Rothia cluster. Some genera were more common in the Streptococcus cluster, mainly including Leptotrichia, Oribacterium, Peptostreptococcus. Peptostreptococcus was positively correlated with DLco per unit of alveolar volume as a percentage of predicted value (DLco/VA%pred). The patients with past-year exacerbations were more in the Streptococcus cluster. Fungal analysis revealed two clusters dominated by Aspergillus and Candida. Chao and Shannon indices of the Aspergillus cluster were higher than that in the Candida cluster. PCoA showed distinct community compositions between the two clusters. Greater abundance of Cladosporium and Penicillium was found in the Aspergillus cluster. The patients of the Candida cluster had upper FEV1 and FEV1/FVC levels. In radiomics, the patients of the Rothia cluster had higher LAA% and WT/[Formula: see text] than those of the Streptococcus cluster. Haemophilus, Neisseria and Cutaneotrichosporon positively correlated with Ai/BSA, but Cladosporium negatively correlated with Ai/BSA. CONCLUSIONS Among respiratory microbiota in stable COPD patients, Streptococcus dominance was associated with an increased risk of exacerbation, and Rothia dominance was relevant to worse emphysema and airway lesions. Peptostreptococcus, Haemophilus, Neisseria and Cutaneotrichosporon probably affected COPD progression and potentially could be disease prediction biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunrong Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Third People's Hospital of Kunshan, Suzhou, 215300, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Leixin Guo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Cao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Hejie Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guochao Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Karakasidis E, Kotsiou OS, Gourgoulianis KI. Lung and Gut Microbiome in COPD. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13050804. [PMID: 37240974 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13050804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The association between lung and gut microbiomes in the pathogenesis of COPD has been recently uncovered. The goal of this study was to discuss the role of the lung and gut microbiomes in COPD pathophysiology. A systematic search of the PubMed database for relevant articles submitted up to June 2022 was performed. We examined the association between the lung and gut microbiome dysbiosis, reflected in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), lung tissue, sputum, and feces samples, and the pathogenesis and progression of COPD. It is evident that the lung and gut microbiomes affect each other and both play a vital role in the pathogenesis of COPD. However, more research needs to be carried out to find the exact associations between microbiome diversity and COPD pathophysiology and exacerbation genesis. Another field that research should focus on is the impact of treatment interventions targeting the human microbiome in preventing COPD genesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios Karakasidis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Health Science, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Ourania S Kotsiou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Health Science, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece
- Department of Human Pathophysiology, Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Science, University of Thessaly, Gaiopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantinos I Gourgoulianis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Health Science, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece
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12
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Morales-González F, Lira-Lucio JA, Falfán-Valencia R, Márquez-García JE, Abarca-Rojano E, Ramírez-Venegas A, Sansores RH, García-Gómez L, Hernández-Pérez A, Pérez-Rubio G. Characterization of the lung microbiome and inflammatory cytokine levels in women exposed to environmental risk factors: A pilot study. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e825. [PMID: 37102657 PMCID: PMC10108684 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung microbiome dysbiosis affects the immune system balance and promotes lung inflammation. We aimed to characterize and compare the lung bacteriome composition and the cytokine profile in women with normal lung function exposed to risk factors for chronic lung diseases (tobacco smoking and biomass-burning smoke exposure). METHODS We included women with biomass-burning smoke exposure (BE, n = 11) and current smokers women (TS, n = 10). The bacteriome composition was performed in induced sputum, sequencing the 16 rRNA gene. Cytokine levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay multiplex assay in the supernatant of induced sputum. For quantitative variables, we used medians and minimum and maxim values. For the amplicon sequence variants (ASV) differential abundance testing between groups. RESULTS At the taxa level, the phylum Proteobacteria was found in a higher proportion in the TS group concerning BE (p = .045); however, after the false discovery rate adjustment, this difference was not retained (p = .288). We found a higher concentration of IL-1β in the TS group than in the BE group (248.6 vs. 177.9 pg/mL, p = .010). Women with high biomass-burning smoke exposure in an hour per day had a positive correlation with the abundance of Bacteroidota (ρ = 0.71, p = .014) and Fusobacteriota (ρ = 0.73, p = .011). FEV1/FVC had a positive correlation with an abundance of Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria (ρ = 0.74, p = .009, ρ = 0.85, p = .001, and ρ = 0.83, p = .001, respectively). In tobacco smoking, women had a positive correlation (ρ = 0.77, p = .009) between cigarettes per day and Firmicutes' abundance. CONCLUSION Compared to biomass-burning smoke-exposed women, current smokers have poor lung function and high levels of IL-1β in sputum. Women with biomass-burning smoke exposure present an increased abundance of Bacteroidota and Fusobacteriota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Morales-González
- HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan A Lira-Lucio
- HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ramcés Falfán-Valencia
- HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José E Márquez-García
- Subdirección de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgar Abarca-Rojano
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Ramírez-Venegas
- Department of Tobacco Smoking and COPD Research, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Raúl H Sansores
- Clínica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Fundación Médica Sur, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leonor García-Gómez
- Department of Tobacco Smoking and COPD Research, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrea Hernández-Pérez
- Department of Tobacco Smoking and COPD Research, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gloria Pérez-Rubio
- HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
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13
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Yang H, Wen X, Wu F, Zheng Y, Dai C, Zhao N, Deng Z, Wang Z, Peng J, Xiao S, Lu L, Huang J, Yu S, Yang C, Chen S, Zhou Y, Ran P. Inter-relationships among neutrophilic inflammation, air trapping and future exacerbation in COPD: an analysis of ECOPD study. BMJ Open Respir Res 2023; 10:10/1/e001597. [PMID: 37028910 PMCID: PMC10083880 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2022-001597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inter-relationships among neutrophilic airway inflammation, air trapping and future exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the associations between sputum neutrophil proportions and future exacerbation in COPD and to determine whether these associations are modified by significant air trapping. METHODS Participants with completed data were included and followed up to the first year in the Early Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease study (n=582). Sputum neutrophil proportions and high-resolution CT-related markers were measured at baseline. Sputum neutrophil proportions were dichotomised based on their median (86.2%) to low and high levels. In addition, subjects were divided into the air trapping or non-air trapping group. Outcomes of interest included COPD exacerbation (separately any, severe and frequent exacerbation, occurring in the first year of follow-up). Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to examine the risk of severe exacerbation and frequent exacerbation with either neutrophilic airway inflammation groups or air trapping groups. RESULTS There was no significant difference between high and low levels of sputum neutrophil proportions in the exacerbation in the preceding year. After the first year of follow-up, subjects with high sputum neutrophil proportions had increased risks of severe exacerbation (OR=1.68, 95% CI: 1.09 to 2.62, p=0.020). Subjects with high sputum neutrophil proportions and significant air trapping had increased odds of having frequent exacerbation (OR=3.29, 95% CI: 1.30 to 9.37, p=0.017) and having severe exacerbation (OR=2.72, 95% CI: 1.42 to 5.43, p=0.003) when compared with those who had low sputum neutrophil proportions and non-air trapping. CONCLUSIONS We found that subjects with high sputum neutrophil proportions and significant air trapping are prone to future exacerbation of COPD. It may be a helpful predictor of future exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajing Yang
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health & State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease & National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Wen
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health & State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease & National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health & State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease & National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Youlan Zheng
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health & State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease & National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiqiong Dai
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health & State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease & National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningning Zhao
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health & State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease & National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhishan Deng
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health & State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease & National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihui Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health & State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease & National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieqi Peng
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health & State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease & National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shan Xiao
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health & State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease & National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lifei Lu
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health & State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease & National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Huang
- Department of internal medicine, Lianping County People's Hospital, Heyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuqing Yu
- Department of internal medicine, Lianping County People's Hospital, Heyuan, Guangdong, China
- Department of internal medicine, Lianping County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Changli Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Wengyuan County People's Hospital, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengtang Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Wengyuan County People's Hospital, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yumin Zhou
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health & State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease & National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pixin Ran
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health & State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease & National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Tiew PY, Meldrum OW, Chotirmall SH. Applying Next-Generation Sequencing and Multi-Omics in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032955. [PMID: 36769278 PMCID: PMC9918109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiomics have significantly advanced over the last decade, driven by the widespread availability of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and multi-omic technologies. Integration of NGS and multi-omic datasets allow for a holistic assessment of endophenotypes across a range of chronic respiratory disease states, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Valuable insight has been attained into the nature, function, and significance of microbial communities in disease onset, progression, prognosis, and response to treatment in COPD. Moving beyond single-biome assessment, there now exists a growing literature on functional assessment and host-microbe interaction and, in particular, their contribution to disease progression, severity, and outcome. Identifying specific microbes and/or metabolic signatures associated with COPD can open novel avenues for therapeutic intervention and prognosis-related biomarkers. Despite the promise and potential of these approaches, the large amount of data generated by such technologies can be challenging to analyze and interpret, and currently, there remains a lack of standardized methods to address this. This review outlines the current use and proposes future avenues for the application of NGS and multi-omic technologies in the endophenotyping, prognostication, and treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yee Tiew
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Oliver W. Meldrum
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Sanjay H. Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
- Correspondence:
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15
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Gea J, Enríquez-Rodríguez CJ, Pascual-Guardia S. Metabolomics in COPD. Arch Bronconeumol 2023; 59:311-321. [PMID: 36717301 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2022.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The clinical presentation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is highly heterogeneous. Attempts have been made to define subpopulations of patients who share clinical characteristics (phenotypes and treatable traits) and/or biological characteristics (endotypes), in order to offer more personalized care. Assigning a patient to any of these groups requires the identification of both clinical and biological markers. Ideally, biological markers should be easily obtained from blood or urine, but these may lack specificity. Biomarkers can be identified initially using conventional or more sophisticated techniques. However, the more sophisticated techniques should be simplified in the future if they are to have clinical utility. The -omics approach offers a methodology that can assist in the investigation and identification of useful markers in both targeted and blind searches. Specifically, metabolomics is the science that studies biological processes involving metabolites, which can be intermediate or final products. The metabolites associated with COPD and their specific phenotypic and endotypic features have been studied using various techniques. Several compounds of particular interest have emerged, namely, several types of lipids and derivatives (mainly phospholipids, but also ceramides, fatty acids and eicosanoids), amino acids, coagulation factors, and nucleic acid components, likely to be involved in their function, protein catabolism, energy production, oxidative stress, immune-inflammatory response and coagulation disorders. However, clear metabolomic profiles of the disease and its various manifestations that may already be applicable in clinical practice still need to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Gea
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital del Mar - IMIM, Barcelona, Spain; Dpt. MELIS, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERES, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - César J Enríquez-Rodríguez
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital del Mar - IMIM, Barcelona, Spain; Dpt. MELIS, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Pascual-Guardia
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital del Mar - IMIM, Barcelona, Spain; Dpt. MELIS, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERES, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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The association between the respiratory tract microbiome and clinical outcomes in patients with COPD. Microbiol Res 2023; 266:127244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Dang X, Kang Y, Wang X, Cao W, Li M, He Y, Pan X, Ye K, Xu D. Frequent exacerbators of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have distinguishable sputum microbiome signatures during clinical stability. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1037037. [PMID: 36532417 PMCID: PMC9753979 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1037037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Frequent exacerbation phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents a more concerning disease subgroup requiring better prevention and intervention, of which airway microbiome provides new perspective for further exploration. METHODS To investigate whether frequent exacerbators of COPD have distinguishable sputum microbiome during clinical stability, COPD patients at high disease grades with or without frequent exacerbation were recruited for sputum microbiome analysis. Sputum samples were collected during clinical stability and underwent 16S rRNA sequencing, which was then subjected for amplicon sequence variants (ASVs)-based microbiome analysis. RESULTS Our results revealed that compared with healthy controls and infrequent exacerbators, frequent COPD exacerbators have distinguishably dysbiotic sputum microbiome, as featured by fewer ASVs features, lower alpha diversity, distinct beta diversity patterns. Further taxonomic compositional analysis illustrated the structural distinctions between frequent COPD exacerbators and infrequent exacerbators at differential taxa levels and highlighted Stenotrephomonas due to its prominent elevation in frequent COPD exacerbators, providing a promising candidate for further exploration of microbiome biomarker. Moreover, we also demonstrated that frequent exacerbation phenotype is distinguishable from infrequent exacerbation phenotype with respect of functional implications. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated the first positive correlation between the frequent exacerbation phenotype of COPD and the sputum microbiome during clinical stability in a single-center Chinese COPD cohort and provide potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Dang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yongyong Kang
- Genome Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Center for Mathematical Medical, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- Chang’an District Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Minhui Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ying He
- Chang’an District Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinjie Pan
- Chang’an District Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Ye
- Genome Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Center for Mathematical Medical, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Ministry of Education (MoE) Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Ministry of Education (MoE) Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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18
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He JQ, Chen Q, Wu SJ, Wang DQ, Zhang SY, Zhang SZ, Chen RL, Wang JF, Wang Z, Yu CH. Potential Implications of the Lung Microbiota in Patients with Chronic Obstruction Pulmonary Disease and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:937864. [PMID: 35967848 PMCID: PMC9363884 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.937864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been considered as a common risk factor of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, very few studies have been conducted on the effects of COPD on the lung microbiota in patients with NSCLC. To identify the lung microbiota in patients with COPD and NSCLC (CN), the microbiome of the induced sputa of 90 patients was analyzed using 16S rDNA sequencing. The results showed no significant differences in the bacterial diversities of induced sputa among patients with COPD, NSCLC, and CN and no intrinsic differences among patients with different pathological types of lung cancer. After surgical operation, the diversities of the induced sputa in patients with CN significantly decreased. More remarkably, both the microbial community phenotypes and the components of the induced sputa in patients with CN obviously differed from those in patients with COPD or NSCLC. The relative abundances of Streptococcus, Veillonella, Moraxella, and Actinomyces significantly decreased, but those of Neisseria and Acinetobacter significantly increased in patients with CN compared with those in patients with COPD or NSCLC alone, resulting in increased Gram-negative microbiota and, therefore, in potential pathogenicity and stress tolerance, as well as in enhancement of microbial glycolipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and oxidative stress. Although COPD did not affect the number of pulmonary flora species in patients with NSCLC, these significant alterations in the microbial populations, phenotypes, and functions of induced sputa due to COPD would contribute to inflammation-derived cancer progression in patients with CN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Jun Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - De-Qin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shen-Yingjie Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Song-Zhao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui-Lin Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Feng Wang
- Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen-Huan Yu
- Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chen-Huan Yu,
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Jia Y, He T, Wu D, Tong J, Zhu J, Li Z, Dong J. The treatment of Qibai Pingfei Capsule on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may be mediated by Th17/Treg balance and gut-lung axis microbiota. Lab Invest 2022; 20:281. [PMID: 35729584 PMCID: PMC9210581 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03481-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a prevalent, progressive respiratory disease, has become the third leading cause of death globally. Increasing evidence suggests that intestinal and pulmonary microbiota dysbiosis is associated with COPD. Researchers have shown that T helper (Th) 17/regulatory T (Treg) imbalance is involved in COPD. Qibai Pingfei Capsule (QBPF) is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat COPD clinically in China. However, the effects of QBPF intervention on the Th17/Treg balance and microbiota in the gut and lung are still poorly understood. METHODS This study divided the rats into three groups (n = 8): control, model, and QBPF group. After establishing the model of COPD for four weeks and administering of QBPF for two weeks, Th17 cells, Treg cells, their associated cytokines, transcription factors, and intestinal and pulmonary microbiota of rats were analyzed. Furthermore, the correlations between intestinal and pulmonary microbiota and between bacterial genera and pulmonary function and immune function were measured. RESULTS The results revealed that QBPF could improve pulmonary function and contribute to the new balance of Th17/Treg in COPD rats. Meanwhile, QBPF treatment could regulate the composition of intestinal and pulmonary microbiota and improve community structure in COPD rats, suppressing the relative abundance of Coprococcus_2, Prevotella_9, and Blautia in the gut and Mycoplasma in the lung, but accumulating the relative abundance of Prevotellaceae_UCG_003 in the gut and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group in the lung. Additionally, gut-lung axis was confirmed by the significant correlations between the intestinal and pulmonary microbiota. Functional analysis of microbiota showed amino acid metabolism was altered in COPD rats in the gut and lung. Spearman correlation analysis further enriched the relationship between the microbiota in the gut and lung and pulmonary function and immune function in COPD model rats. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that the therapeutic effects of QBPF may be achieved by maintaining the immune cell balance and regulating the gut-lung axis microbiota, providing references to explore the potential biomarkers of COPD and the possible mechanism of QBPF to treat COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jia
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No.1, Qianjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tiantian He
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No.1, Qianjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Di Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Control on Respiratory Disease, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, No. 117, Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiabing Tong
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Control on Respiratory Disease, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, No. 117, Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No.1, Qianjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, China. .,Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Control on Respiratory Disease, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, No. 117, Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Zegeng Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Control on Respiratory Disease, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, No. 117, Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China. .,Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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20
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Russo C, Colaianni V, Ielo G, Valle MS, Spicuzza L, Malaguarnera L. Impact of Lung Microbiota on COPD. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061337. [PMID: 35740358 PMCID: PMC9219765 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a fine balance in maintaining healthy microbiota composition, and its alterations due to genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors can lead to the onset of respiratory dysfunctions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The relationship between lung microbiota and COPD is currently under study. Little is known about the role of the microbiota in patients with stable or exacerbated COPD. Inflammation in COPD disorders appears to be characterised by dysbiosis, reduced lung activity, and an imbalance between the innate and adaptive immune systems. Lung microbiota intervention could ameliorate these disorders. The microbiota’s anti-inflammatory action could be decisive in the onset of pathologies. In this review, we highlight the feedback loop between microbiota dysfunction, immune response, inflammation, and lung damage in relation to COPD status in order to encourage the development of innovative therapeutic goals for the prevention and management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Russo
- Section of Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.R.); (V.C.)
| | - Valeria Colaianni
- Section of Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.R.); (V.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Ielo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.I.); (L.S.)
| | - Maria Stella Valle
- Laboratory of Neuro-Biomechanics, Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.S.V.); (L.M.)
| | - Lucia Spicuzza
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.I.); (L.S.)
| | - Lucia Malaguarnera
- Section of Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.R.); (V.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.V.); (L.M.)
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21
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Li G, Liu S, Zhou Q, Han J, Qian C, Li Y, Meng X, Gao X, Zhou T, Li P, Gu Q. Effect of Response Surface Methodology-Optimized Ultrasound-Assisted Pretreatment Extraction on the Composition of Essential Oil Released From Tribute citrus Peels. Front Nutr 2022; 9:840780. [PMID: 35571948 PMCID: PMC9097513 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.840780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional hydrodistillation (HD) and ultrasound-assisted pretreatment extraction (UAPE) methods were proposed to obtain essential oil (EO) from Tribute citrus (TC) peels. The Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize the HD and UAPE procedures. Moreover, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and electronic nose (E-nose) were applied to identify the discrepancy of the extraction methods. The yield of EO extracted by UAPE (114.02 mg/g) was significantly higher than that by HD (85.67 mg/g) (p < 0.01) undergoing 40 min short time-consuming UPAE. A total of 28 compounds were extracted from the TC peels as terpenes were the predominant components. d-Limonene was the most vital compound in the T. citrus essential oil (TCEO), accounting for 86.38% of the total volatile concentration in HD and 86.75% in UAPE, respectively, followed by α-pinene, sabinene, γ-myrcene, and β-phellandrene. The chart of radar and graphic of the principal component analysis by E-nose displayed no significance, which was similar to the GC-MS results. This study demonstrated that UAPE is an efficient and short time-consuming method for TCEO extraction, which provides a promising method for the separation of EO from aromatic plant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Li
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuxun Liu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiarun Han
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongquan Li
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Meng
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Gu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Yang J, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Ouyang Y, Sun Z, Liu X, Qaio F, Xu LQ, Niu Y, Li J. Exploring the Change of Host and Microorganism in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients Based on Metagenomic and Metatranscriptomic Sequencing. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:818281. [PMID: 35369515 PMCID: PMC8966909 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.818281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a universal respiratory disease resulting from the complex interactions between genes and environmental conditions. The process of COPD is deteriorated by repeated episodes of exacerbations, which are the primary reason for COPD-related morbidity and mortality. Bacterial pathogens are commonly identified in patients’ respiratory tracts both in the stable state and during acute exacerbations, with significant changes in the prevalence of airway bacteria occurring during acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Therefore, the changes in microbial composition and host inflammatory responses will be necessary to investigate the mechanistic link between the airway microbiome and chronic pulmonary inflammation in COPD patients. Methods We performed metatranscriptomic and metagenomic sequencing on sputum samples for twelve AECOPD patients before treatment and for four of them stable COPD (stabilization of AECOPD patients after treatment). Sequencing reads were classified by Kraken2, and the host gene expression was analyzed by Hisat2 and HTseq. The correlation between genes was obtained by the Spearman correlation coefficient. Mann–Whitney U-test was applied to identify microbes that exhibit significantly different distribution in two groups. Results At the phyla level, the top 5 dominant phyla were Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Fusobacteria. The proportion of dominant gates in metagenomic data was similar in metatranscriptomic data. There were significant differences in the abundance of specific microorganisms at the class level between the two methods. No significant difference between AECOPD and stable COPD was found. However, the different expression levels of 5 host genes were significantly increased in stable COPD and were involved in immune response and inflammatory pathways, which were associated with macrophages. Conclusion Our study may provide a clue to investigate the mechanism of COPD and potential biomarkers in clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Respirology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Respirology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Zepeng Sun
- China Mobile (Chengdu) Industrial Research Institute, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinlong Liu
- China Mobile (Chengdu) Industrial Research Institute, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Qaio
- China Mobile (Chengdu) Industrial Research Institute, Chengdu, China
| | - Li-Qun Xu
- China Mobile (Chengdu) Industrial Research Institute, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Jian Li
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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23
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Tiew PY, Mac Aogáin M, Chotirmall SH. The current understanding and future directions for sputum microbiome profiling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2022; 28:121-133. [PMID: 34839338 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000000850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has deepened our understanding of the respiratory microbiome in health and disease. The number of microbiome studies employing sputum as an airway surrogate has continued to increase over the past decade to include multiple large multicentre and longitudinal studies of the microbiome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this review, we summarize the recent advances to our understanding of the bacteriome, virome and mycobiome in COPD. RECENT FINDINGS Diverse microbiome profiles are reported in COPD. The neutrophilic Haemophilus-predominant bacteriome remains a prominent COPD phenotype, relatively stable over time and during exacerbations. Studies of the virome remain limited but reveal a potential involvement of viruses and bacteriophages particularly during COPD exacerbations and advancing disease severity. Mycobiome signatures, even in stable COPD are associated with poorer clinical outcomes including mortality. SUMMARY The sputum microbiome in COPD is being increasingly recognized for its clinical relevance, even in the stable state. Future studies integrating microbial kingdoms holistically (i.e. bacterial, viral and fungal) will provide deeper insight into its functionality including the relevance of microbial interactions and effect of treatment on microbiome-associated clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yee Tiew
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Micheál Mac Aogáin
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, St. James's Hospital
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sanjay H Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Gut microbiota and plasma cytokine levels in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:76. [PMID: 35197458 PMCID: PMC8866486 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01844-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood mental disorder with undetermined pathophysiological mechanisms. The gut microbiota and immunological dysfunction may influence brain functions and social behaviours. In the current study, we aimed to explore the correlation of gut microbiome imbalance and inflammation in the pathophysiology of ADHD. Forty-one children with ADHD and thirty-nine healthy-control (HC) individuals were recruited. Faecal samples from all participants were collected and submitted for 16 S rRNA V3-V4 amplicon microbiome sequencing analysis. The plasma levels of 10 cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, IFN-α2, IFN-γ, and MCP-1, were determined using a custom-made sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) developed by Luminex Flowmetrix. There was no significant difference between the ADHD and HC groups in species diversity in the faeces, as determined with α-diversity and β-diversity analysis. In the ADHD group, three differentially abundant taxonomic clades at the genus level were observed, namely Agathobacter, Anaerostipes, and Lachnospiraceae. Top differentially abundant bacteria and representative biological pathways were identified in children with ADHD using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe), and the phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) analysis, respectively. The plasma levels of TNF-α were significantly lower in children with ADHD than in HCs. Within the ADHD group, the levels of TNF-α were negatively correlated with ADHD symptoms and diversity of the gut microbiome. Our study provides new insights into the association between gut microbiome dysbiosis and immune dysregulation, which may contribute to the pathophysiology of ADHD.
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25
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Su L, Qiao Y, Luo J, Huang R, Li Z, Zhang H, Zhao H, Wang J, Xiao Y. Characteristics of the sputum microbiome in COPD exacerbations and correlations between clinical indices. J Transl Med 2022; 20:76. [PMID: 35123490 PMCID: PMC8818176 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03278-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent, progressive respiratory disease, and acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) can accelerate the deterioration of the disease. Increasing evidence suggests that airway bacterial dysbiosis is associated with AECOPD. However, the exact relationship between changes in the sputum microbiome during AECOPD and clinical indices remains unclear. Methods In this study, a total of 76 sputum samples were collected from patients with AECOPD (n = 28), stable COPD (n = 23), recovery (n = 15) and healthy controls (HCs; n = 10). The sputum microbiome profile was analysed by sequencing the V3‑V4 amplicon of the 16S rRNA (ribosomal RNA) gene. Results The bacterial diversity (Shannon and Simpson’s index) was found to be significantly decreased in the AECOPD and recovery groups when compared to that in the stable COPD and HC groups. The most dominant phylum identified in the sputum samples of AECOPD patients was Proteobacteria, accounting for 30% of the microbiome. Compared to the stable COPD groups, the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were decreased, whereas those of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were increased in AECOPD patients. Furthermore, discriminative bacteria, such as Haemophilus, were identified as being specific taxa in AECOPD patients. Functional analysis showed that genes involved in membrane transport and signal transduction metabolism were enriched in the AECOPD group. Importantly, the proportions of Veillonella were positively correlated with lung function, and Staphylococcus was positively correlated with inflammatory indices. Conclusion Our study revealed variations in the sputum microbiome of AECOPD (based on composition and function) in a Chinese cohort and highlighted its correlation to clinical indices. These results indicated that microbial dysbiosis may contribute to disease progression and provide microbial biomarkers for the diagnosis of AECOPD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03278-x.
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26
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Könönen E, Gursoy UK. Oral Prevotella Species and Their Connection to Events of Clinical Relevance in Gastrointestinal and Respiratory Tracts. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:798763. [PMID: 35069501 PMCID: PMC8770924 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.798763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevotella is recognized as one of the core anaerobic genera in the oral microbiome. In addition, members of this genus belong to microbial communities of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. Several novel Prevotella species, most of them of oral origin, have been described, but limited knowledge is still available of their clinical relevance. Prevotella melaninogenica is among the anaerobic commensals on oral mucosae from early months of life onward, and other early colonizing Prevotella species in the oral cavity include Prevotella nigrescens and Prevotella pallens. Oral Prevotella species get constant access to the gastrointestinal tract via saliva swallowing and to lower airways via microaspiration. At these extra-oral sites, they play a role as commensals but also as potentially harmful agents on mucosal surfaces. The aim of this narrative review is to give an updated overview on the involvement of oral Prevotella species in gastrointestinal and respiratory health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eija Könönen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ulvi K Gursoy
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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27
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Li W, Wang B, Tan M, Song X, Xie S, Wang C. Analysis of sputum microbial metagenome in COPD based on exacerbation frequency and lung function: a case control study. Respir Res 2022; 23:321. [PMCID: PMC9675190 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of the sputum microbiome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) progression remains elusive. As the advent of the new culture-independent microbial sequencing technique makes it possible to disclose the complex microbiome community of the respiratory tract. The aim of this study was to use metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to confirm whether there are differences in sputum microbiome of COPD between different exacerbation frequencies and lung function. Methods Thirty-nine COPD patients were divided into a frequent exacerbators (FE) group (n = 20) and a non-frequent exacerbators (NFE) (n = 19) group according to their exacerbation history, or a mild group (FEV1/pre ≥ 50%, n = 20) and a severe group (FEV1/pre < 50%, n = 19) according to the lung function. Sputum was collected during their stable phase, followed by DNA extraction, untargeted metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and bioinformatic analysis. Results mNGS identified 3355 bacteria, 71 viruses and 22 fungi at the specie level. It was found that Shannon index and Simpson index in FE group was lower than that in NFE group (p = 0.005, 0.008, respectively) but similar between mild and severe groups. Out of top 10 bacteria taxa, Veillonella, Fusobacterium and Prevotella jejuni had a higher abundance in NFE group, Rothia had a higher abundance in mild group. Linear discriminant analysis revealed that many bacterial taxa were more abundant in NFE group, and they mostly belonged to Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria phyla. Frequency of exacerbations was also found to be negatively correlated with alpha diversity (with Shannon index, r = − 0.423, p = 0.009; with Simpson index, r = − 0.482, p = 0.002). No significant correlation was observed between alpha diversity and FEV1/pre. Conclusions Microbiome diversity in FE group was lower than that in NFE group. There was a significant difference in microbiome taxa abundance between FE and NFE groups, or mild and severe groups. These findings demonstrated that sputum microbiome community dysbiosis was associated with different exacerbation frequencies and lung function in stable COPD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-02246-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Bingbing Wang
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Min Tan
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Xiaolian Song
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Shuanshuan Xie
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Changhui Wang
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072 China
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Muggeo A, Perotin JM, Brisebarre A, Dury S, Dormoy V, Launois C, Ancel J, Mulette P, de Champs C, Deslée G, Guillard T. Extended Bacteria Culture-Based Clustering Identifies a Phenotype Associating Increased Cough and Enterobacterales in Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:781797. [PMID: 34970242 PMCID: PMC8712763 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.781797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease characterized by airflow limitation. This chronic respiratory disease represents the third leading cause of death worldwide. Alteration of the airway microbiota has been reported to be associated with exacerbation frequency in COPD, but its role on the symptoms in patients at stable state is still incompletely described. This study aimed to determine whether bacteria isolated in sputum can be associated with the clinical features of COPD patients within stable state. Our study highlights, for the first time, that altered microbiota with Enterobacterales is associated with pejorative clinical symptoms in stable COPD patients. The airway microbiota of 38 patients was analyzed using an extended culture approach and mass spectrometry identification. Cluster analysis by principal coordinate analysis of the bacterial communities showed that the patients could be classified into three distinct clusters in our cohort. The clusters showed no differences in proportions of the phylum, but one of them was associated with a high prevalence of Enterobacterales (71.4% in cluster 1 vs. 0% in cluster 3), loss of microbiota diversity, and higher bacterial load (107 vs. 105 CFU/ml, respectively) and characterized by predominant cough and impact on mental health. These novel findings, supported by further studies, could lead to modifying the processing of COPD sputum in the everyday practice of clinical microbiology laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaëlle Muggeo
- Inserm UMR-S 1250 Pulmonary pathologies and cellular plasticity (P3Cell), Reims-Champagne-Ardenne University, SFR CAP Santé, Reims, France.,Laboratory of Bacteriology-Virology-Hospital Hygiene-Parasitology-Mycology, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Jeanne-Marie Perotin
- Inserm UMR-S 1250 Pulmonary pathologies and cellular plasticity (P3Cell), Reims-Champagne-Ardenne University, SFR CAP Santé, Reims, France.,Department of Respiratory Diseases, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Audrey Brisebarre
- Inserm UMR-S 1250 Pulmonary pathologies and cellular plasticity (P3Cell), Reims-Champagne-Ardenne University, SFR CAP Santé, Reims, France
| | - Sandra Dury
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Valérian Dormoy
- Inserm UMR-S 1250 Pulmonary pathologies and cellular plasticity (P3Cell), Reims-Champagne-Ardenne University, SFR CAP Santé, Reims, France
| | - Claire Launois
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Julien Ancel
- Inserm UMR-S 1250 Pulmonary pathologies and cellular plasticity (P3Cell), Reims-Champagne-Ardenne University, SFR CAP Santé, Reims, France.,Department of Respiratory Diseases, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Pauline Mulette
- Inserm UMR-S 1250 Pulmonary pathologies and cellular plasticity (P3Cell), Reims-Champagne-Ardenne University, SFR CAP Santé, Reims, France.,Department of Respiratory Diseases, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Christophe de Champs
- Inserm UMR-S 1250 Pulmonary pathologies and cellular plasticity (P3Cell), Reims-Champagne-Ardenne University, SFR CAP Santé, Reims, France.,Laboratory of Bacteriology-Virology-Hospital Hygiene-Parasitology-Mycology, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Gaëtan Deslée
- Inserm UMR-S 1250 Pulmonary pathologies and cellular plasticity (P3Cell), Reims-Champagne-Ardenne University, SFR CAP Santé, Reims, France.,Department of Respiratory Diseases, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Thomas Guillard
- Inserm UMR-S 1250 Pulmonary pathologies and cellular plasticity (P3Cell), Reims-Champagne-Ardenne University, SFR CAP Santé, Reims, France.,Laboratory of Bacteriology-Virology-Hospital Hygiene-Parasitology-Mycology, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
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