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Olsen T, Vinknes KJ, Barvíková K, Stolt E, Lee-Ødegård S, Troensegaard H, Johannessen H, Elshorbagy A, Sokolová J, Krijt J, Křížková M, Ditrói T, Nagy P, Øvrebø B, Refsum H, Thoresen M, Retterstøl K, Kožich V. Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction in humans with overweight and obesity: Evidence of an altered plasma and urine sulfurome, and a novel metabolic signature that correlates with loss of fat mass and adipose tissue gene expression. Redox Biol 2024; 73:103192. [PMID: 38776754 PMCID: PMC11163171 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In animals, dietary sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) improves metabolic health, possibly mediated by altering sulfur amino acid metabolism and enhanced anti-obesogenic processes in adipose tissue. AIM To assess the effects of SAAR over time on the plasma and urine SAA-related metabolites (sulfurome) in humans with overweight and obesity, and explore whether such changes were associated with body weight, body fat and adipose tissue gene expression. METHODS Fifty-nine subjects were randomly allocated to SAAR (∼2 g SAA, n = 31) or a control diet (∼5.6 g SAA, n = 28) consisting of plant-based whole-foods and supplemented with capsules to titrate contents of SAA. Sulfurome metabolites in plasma and urine at baseline, 4 and 8 weeks were measured using HPLC and LC-MS/MS. mRNA-sequencing of subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) was performed to assess changes in gene expression. Data were analyzed with mixed model regression. Principal component analyses (PCA) were performed on the sulfurome data to identify potential signatures characterizing the response to SAAR. RESULTS SAAR led to marked decrease of the main urinary excretion product sulfate (p < 0.001) and plasma and/or 24-h urine concentrations of cystathionine, sulfite, thiosulfate, H2S, hypotaurine and taurine. PCA revealed a distinct metabolic signature related to decreased transsulfuration and H2S catabolism that predicted greater weight loss and android fat mass loss in SAAR vs. controls (all pinteraction < 0.05). This signature correlated positively with scWAT expression of genes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, electron transport and β-oxidation (FDR = 0.02). CONCLUSION SAAR leads to distinct alterations of the plasma and urine sulfurome in humans, and predicted increased loss of weight and android fat mass, and adipose tissue lipolytic gene expression in scWAT. Our data suggest that SAA are linked to obesogenic processes and that SAAR may be useful for obesity and related disorders. TRIAL IDENTIFIER: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04701346.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo, Postboks 1046 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kathrine J Vinknes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo, Postboks 1046 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristýna Barvíková
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, and General University Hospital, Ke Karlovu 2, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Emma Stolt
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo, Postboks 1046 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sindre Lee-Ødegård
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Postboks 4959 Nydalen, OUS HF Aker sykehus, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hannibal Troensegaard
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo, Postboks 1046 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanna Johannessen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Postboks 45980 Nydalen, OUS HF Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Amany Elshorbagy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Chamblion street, Qesm Al Attarin, Alexandria 5372066, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Rd, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Jitka Sokolová
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, and General University Hospital, Ke Karlovu 2, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Krijt
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, and General University Hospital, Ke Karlovu 2, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Křížková
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, and General University Hospital, Ke Karlovu 2, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tamás Ditrói
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Ráth György u. 7-9, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Nagy
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Ráth György u. 7-9, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Anatomy and Histology, HUN-REN-UVMB Laboratory of Redox Biology Research Group, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; Chemistry Institute, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Bente Øvrebø
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo, Postboks 1046 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway; Department of Food Safety, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Postboks 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo, Postboks 1046 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Rd, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Magne Thoresen
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1122 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo, Postboks 1046 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway; The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Postboks 4959 Nydalen, OUS HF Aker sykehus, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Viktor Kožich
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, and General University Hospital, Ke Karlovu 2, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Brogi S, Tabanelli R, Puca S, Calderone V. Intermittent Fasting: Myths, Fakes and Truth on This Dietary Regimen Approach. Foods 2024; 13:1960. [PMID: 38998465 PMCID: PMC11241639 DOI: 10.3390/foods13131960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) has been indicated as a valuable alternative to the classical caloric restriction dietary regimen for lowering body weight and preventing obesity-related complications, such as metabolic syndrome and type II diabetes. However, is it effective? In this review article, we analyzed over 50 clinical studies in which IF, conducted by alternate day fasting (ADF) or time-restricted feeding (TRF), was compared with the caloric restriction approach. We evaluated the different roles of IF in treating and preventing human disorders such as metabolic syndrome, type II diabetes, and some types of cancer, as well as the usefulness of IF in reducing body weight and cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension. Furthermore, we explored the cellular pathways targeted by IF to exert their beneficial effects by activating effector proteins that modulate cell functions and resistance to oxidative stress. In contrast, we investigated concerns regarding human health related to the adoption of IF dietary regimens, highlighting the profound debate surrounding weight loss regimens. We examined and compared several clinical trials to formulate an updated concept regarding IF and its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (R.T.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
- Bioinformatics Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Rita Tabanelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (R.T.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Sara Puca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (R.T.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (R.T.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
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Olsen T, Elshorbagy A, Stolt E, Åsberg A, Zaré HK, Bastani NE, Refsum H, Retterstøl K, Vinknes KJ. Acute effects of oral mesna administration on the full amino acid profile and 3-methylhistidine: secondary results from the CYLOB dose-finding study. Amino Acids 2024; 56:39. [PMID: 38844567 PMCID: PMC11156715 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-024-03398-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Plasma total cysteine (tCys) is strongly associated with fat mass in humans. Mesna lowers plasma tCys in a dose-dependent manner, but it is not known whether it interferes with metabolism of other amino acids or protein. In this Phase-1 study, we show that a single dose of mesna administered at 400, 800, 1200 or 1600 mg to 6-7 individuals per dose only slightly affects amino acid profiles, with increases in plasma valine across dose levels. There were no effects of mesna on 3-methylhistidine, a marker of protein breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Amany Elshorbagy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Emma Stolt
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Åsberg
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hasse K Zaré
- Department of Pharmacology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nasser E Bastani
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, The Lipid Clinic, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathrine J Vinknes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Austad SN, Smith JR, Hoffman JM. Amino acid restriction, aging, and longevity: an update. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2024; 5:1393216. [PMID: 38757144 PMCID: PMC11096585 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2024.1393216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Various so-called dietary restriction paradigms have shown promise for extending health and life. All such paradigms rely on ad libitum (hereafter ad lib) feeding, something virtually never employed in animals whose long-term health we value, either as a control or, except for food restriction itself, for both control and treatment arms of the experiment. Even though the mechanism(s) remain only vaguely understood, compared to ad lib-fed animals a host of dietary manipulations, including calorie restriction, low protein, methionine, branched-chain amino acids, and even low isoleucine have demonstrable health benefits in laboratory species in a standard laboratory environment. The remaining challenge is to determine whether these health benefits remain in more realistic environments and how they interact with other health enhancing treatments such as exercise or emerging geroprotective drugs. Here we review the current state of the field of amino acid restriction on longevity of animal models and evaluate its translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. N. Austad
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - J. R. Smith
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - J. M. Hoffman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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Flori L, Piragine E, Calderone V, Testai L. Role of hydrogen sulfide in the regulation of lipid metabolism: Implications on cardiovascular health. Life Sci 2024; 341:122491. [PMID: 38336275 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines obesity as an urgency for health and a social emergency. Today around 39 % of people is overweight, of these over 13 % is obese. It is well-consolidated that the adipose cells are deputy to lipid storage under caloric excess; however, despite the classical idea that adipose tissue has exclusively a passive function, now it is known to be deeply involved in the regulation of systemic metabolism in physiological as well as under obesogenic conditions, with consequences on cardiovascular health. Beside two traditional types of adipose cells (white and brown), recently the beige one has been highlighted as the consequence of the healthy remodeling of white adipocytes, confirming their metabolic adaptability. In this direction, pharmacological, nutraceutical and nutrient-based approaches are addressed to positively influence inflammation and metabolism, thus contributing to reduce the obese-associated cardiovascular risk. In this scenario, hydrogen sulfide emerges as a new mediator that may regulate crucial targets involved in the regulation of metabolism. The current evidence demonstrates that hydrogen sulfide may induce peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a crucial mediator of adipogenesis, inhibit the phosphorylation of perlipin-1 (plin-1), a protein implicated in the lipolysis, and finally promote browning process, through the release of irisin from skeletal muscle. The results summarized in this review suggest an important role of hydrogen sulfide in the regulation of metabolism and in the prevention/treatment of obese-associated cardiovascular diseases and propose new insight on the putative mechanisms underlying the release of hydrogen sulfide or its biosynthesis, delineating a further exciting field of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, 6-56120 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Eugenia Piragine
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, 6-56120 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, 6-56120 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, 6-56120 Pisa, Italy.
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