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Yu M, Song X, Guo J, Feng Q, Tian J. Exploring potential predictors of Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis: a pilot investigation on urinary metabolites. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:3117-3128. [PMID: 38668796 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) is the most severe manifestation of Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP). This study aimed to determine the role of urine metabolomics in predicting HSPN and explore the potential mechanisms of HSP. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics analysis was performed to investigate the urinary metabolic profiles of 90 participants, comprising 30 healthy children (group CON) and 60 patients with HSP, including 30 HSP patients without renal involvement (group H) and 30 HSPN patients (group HSPN). The differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were identified using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and subsequent bioinformatics analysis was conducted to elucidate the perturbed metabolic pathways. A total of 43 DEMs between H and HSPN groups were analyzed by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) database, and the result indicates that glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, and cysteine and methionine metabolism were significantly disturbed. A composite model incorporating propionylcarnitine and indophenol sulfate was developed to assess the risk of renal involvement in pediatric patients with HSP. Conclusion: This study reveals the metabolic alterations in healthy children, HSPN patients, and HSP patients without renal involvement. Furthermore, propionylcarnitine and indophenol sulfate may be potential predictive biomarkers of the occurrence of HSPN. What is Known: • HSP is the predominant type of vasculitis observed in children. The long-term prognosis of HSP is contingent upon the extent of renal impairment. In severe nephritis, a delay in appropriate treatment may lead to fibrosis progression and subsequent development of chronic kidney disease (CKD), even leading to renal failure. • The application of metabolomics in investigating diverse renal disorders has been documented. Urine is a robust and sensitive medium for metabolomics detection. What is New: • The metabolic profiles were identified in urine samples of healthy children and those with HSP at the early stage of the disease. Different metabolites were identified between HSP patients without nephritis and those who developed HSPN. • These different metabolites may affect oxidative stress in the progression of HSPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyi Yu
- Department of Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Song
- Department of Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Jie Guo
- Department of Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Qihua Feng
- Department of Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Jianmei Tian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
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Hayden J, O'Donnell G, deLaunois I, O'Gorman C. Endothelial Peripheral Arterial Tonometry (Endo-PAT 2000) use in paediatric patients: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e062098. [PMID: 36657756 PMCID: PMC9853225 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endo Peripheral Artery Tonometry (EndoPAT-2000) is a non-invasive technology for measuring endothelial dysfunction (ED). The reactive hyperaemia index (RHI) is resulted and is low when ED is present. We aim to synthesise the literature on paediatric ED that used Endo-PAT analysis. DESIGN A comprehensive systematic review was conducted from January 2015 to March 2021. The databases included Cochrane, MEDLINE EBSCO, EMBASE (Ovid), PUBMED and CINAHL EBSCO. Exclusion criteria were: (1) If a study used a different device, for example, (2) If the study had no results. Inclusion criteria were: (1) Published in the English, (2) more than 50% of study subjects were in the paediatric age range, (3) data relevant to paediatric age range children could be extrapolated from all data, where not all study subjects were children. RESULTS Following the removal of duplicates, 156 articles were initially identified. Following exclusion, 50 articles were included for review. We have subdivided these papers into different systems for ease of reference and have reported our findings in six tables: patients with type 1/2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular, respiratory, psychiatric conditions and miscellaneous diseases. For each, the study design, population, control group (if available), RHI results and conclusions were reported. CONCLUSIONS A number of papers using Endo-PAT for children with various chronic diseases have evidence of ED. However, in many cases, there has only been a single cohort study using Endo-PAT. Further studies are required to validate these findings and to help characterise the cardiovascular risk profile of children with chronic disease. Further studies are also required that will characterise more completely the cardiovascular risk profile of these children.Consensus on other vascular risk markers that could be included in future studies is ideal and if accomplished, this would facilitate meta-analyses of studies of relatively rare conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Hayden
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Gill O'Donnell
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - Clodagh O'Gorman
- Paediatrics, Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- University Hospital Limerick, Dooradoyle, Limerick, Ireland
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Mosalem O, Hernandez Garcilazo N, Saleh Y, Abu Rous F. Pulmonary embolism as the primary presentation of IgA vasculitis. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:13/8/e235884. [PMID: 32859624 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-235884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A 47-year-old man presented to the emergency department with acute onset of dyspnoea and a week history of painful erythematous rash on both of his legs. CT angiogram of the chest showed saddle pulmonary embolism resulting in right ventricular strain and obstructive shock. Due to the atypical nature of his skin rash, a skin biopsy from one of these lesions was done and came consistent with the diagnosis of IgA vasculitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Mosalem
- Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA .,Department of Medicine, Sparrow Health System, Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Nora Hernandez Garcilazo
- Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.,Department of Medicine, Sparrow Health System, Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Yehia Saleh
- Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fawzi Abu Rous
- Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Kochummen E, Umpaichitra V, Marwa A, Joshi K, Chin VL, Perez-Colon S. Assessment of Microvascular Function in Children and Adolescents with Diabetes and Obesity. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2020; 18:e90094. [PMID: 32308696 PMCID: PMC7138597 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.90094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is a marker of vascular damage. Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) predicts vascular complications. The EndoPAT (peripheral arterial tonometry) device calculates the reactive hyperemic index (RHI), a measure of endothelial function. The greater the vasodilation, the higher the RHI. We hypothesized that children with poorly-controlled diabetes mellitus (DM) and non-diabetes mellitus (NDM) obese children have ED. METHODS A cross-sectional study using the EndoPAT device was performed on children with poorly-controlled DM and NDM children. ANOVA, t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, multiple linear regression and Spearman correlation were used. RESULTS Of 58 children that completed the study (aged 13.1 ± 3.42 years), 33 with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), 8 with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and 17 were NDM obese children. Eighty-five percent were African-American, 60% were female and 79% entered puberty. The RHI of children with DM (1.42 ± 0.48) versus NDM obese group (1.40 ± 0.34) was not different (P = 0.86) regardless of the type of DM or body mass index. In the DM group, for every 1% increase in latest A1C, the RHI decreased by 0.097 (P = 0.01) after adjusting for age, gender, and type of DM. The RHI of DM patients with latest A1C of < 10% (1.70 ± 0.58) versus those with A1C ≥10% (1.21 ± 0.19) was statistically different (P = 0.02). In the total study population, males had significantly lower RHI (1.28 ± 0.36) when compared to females (1.51 ± 0.46), P = 0.04 but this difference disappeared when considering pubertal status and type of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that patients with poorly-controlled DM as reflected by latest A1C of ≥ 10% had worse endothelial function as reflected by lower RHI score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elna Kochummen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinolology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Vatcharapan Umpaichitra
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinolology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Albara Marwa
- Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Krittika Joshi
- Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Vivian L. Chin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinolology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Sheila Perez-Colon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinolology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, United States
- Corresponding Author: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinolology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 445 Lenox Rd., Box 49, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States. Tel: +1-7186138605,
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Van De Maele K, Devlieger R, Gies I. In utero programming and early detection of cardiovascular disease in the offspring of mothers with obesity. Atherosclerosis 2018; 275:182-195. [PMID: 29929107 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The offspring of women with obesity during their pregnancy are exposed to an altered intra-uterine environment. A subsequent influence on the cardiovascular development during fetal life is assumed. In the present thematic review, we report on the current knowledge about this early development of cardiovascular disease from fetal life until adolescence. Based on animal studies, different contributing mechanisms have been hypothesized that still need confirmation in human subjects. Insulin resistance, increased levels of leptin, chronic inflammatory state, perturbation of sympathetic tone and epigenetic modifications contribute to a suboptimal nutrient environment and changed hemodynamics. The ensuing aberrant cardiomyocyte development, impaired endothelial cell relaxation and atherogenic lipid profile put these children at risk for the development of endothelial cell dysfunction. Increasing possibilities for early detection of this preliminary stage of atherosclerotic disease offer new insights into future prevention and treatment strategies. Future research should focus on further unraveling the effect of moderate intense, aerobic exercise. Since it is used to treat the condition in children and adolescents with good results, it might be a contributor to tackling endothelial cell dysfunction at its cradle when applied in early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolien Van De Maele
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital of Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Jette, Belgium; Research unit Organ Systems, Department of Development and Regeneration, Catholic University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Research unit GRON, Free University of Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Jette, Belgium.
| | - Roland Devlieger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Research unit Organ Systems, Department of Development and Regeneration, Catholic University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inge Gies
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital of Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Jette, Belgium; Research unit GRON, Free University of Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Jette, Belgium
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Zhang W, Zhang DG, Liang X, Zhang WL, Ma JX. Effects of apelin on retinal microglial cells in a rat model of oxygen-induced retinopathy of prematurity. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:2900-2910. [PMID: 29091306 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the effects of apelin on retinal microglial cells in rat models of oxygen-induced retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Totally, 274 rats were selected for establishing oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) models, and 92 healthy rats for control group. OIR rats were assigned into OIR, 10-5 g/L apelin, 10-4 g/L apelin, and 10-3 g/L apelin groups. Immunohistochemistry was employed to determine morphology of microglial cells and cell number. CDllb, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA-1), TNF-α, and iNOS mRNA and protein expressions were identified using RT-qPCR and Western blotting, respectively. ELISA was employed to determine the levels of VEGF and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The amoeboid microglial cells were found in the OIR and 10-3 g/L apelin groups, while bipolar microglial cells were found in the normal control, 10-5 g/L apelin and 10-4 g/L apelin groups. In the 1, 2, 3, and 4th week after apelin treatment, there were significantly decreased bipolar microglial cells, lower mRNA and protein expressions of CDllb, IBA-1, TNF-α and iNOS, and the levels of VEGF and GFAP in the 10-4 g/L apelin group than in the OIR, 10-3 g/L apelin and 10-5 g/L apelin groups. The differences between the normal control and 10-4 g/L apelin groups are not significant. Compared with the OIR group, the 10-5 g/L apelin and 10-3 g/L apelin groups presented decreased microglial cells and mRNA and protein expressions of CDllb, IBA-1, TNF-α, and iNOS. Appropriate concentration of apelin may reduce retinal microglial cells in a rat model of oxygen-induced ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Shanxi Dayi Hospital, Taiyuan, P.R. China
| | - Ding-Guo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xing Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanxi Dayi Hospital, Taiyuan, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Liang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanxi Dayi Hospital, Taiyuan, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Xue Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
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