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Banihashemi ZS, Azizi-Fini I, Rajabi M, Maghami M, Yadollahi S. Chronic fatigue syndrome post-COVID-19: triple-blind randomised clinical trial of Astragalus root extract. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2024:spcare-2023-004595. [PMID: 38834234 DOI: 10.1136/spcare-2023-004595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Astragalus root extract on nurses suffering from post-COVID-19 chronic fatigue syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was designed as a triple-blind, randomised, controlled trial in Iran in 2023. 64 chronic fatigue syndrome nurses were randomly assigned to one of two groups: an intervention group (n=32) that received Astragalus root extract (500 mg two times per day) or a control group (n=32) that received a placebo. Changes in chronic fatigue syndrome scores were measured before to, at the end of and 1 month after the intervention. Data were analysed using descriptive and analytical statistics (T-tests, χ2, analysis of variances, Cochran's Q tests, McNemar and generalised estimating equations). RESULTS In comparison to before, chronic fatigue prevalence decreased statistically significantly at the end of the intervention group (13.8%) and 1 month later (17.2%). Further, the frequency differed between before and after (p=0.0001) and 1 month later (p=0.0001). In the control group, chronic fatigue was statistically significantly different before and after the intervention (72.2%; p=0.003). Having an underlying disease (B=0.84, OR=2.33; p=0.04) and being in the control group (B=2.15, OR=12.36; p=0.01) increased the risk of chronic fatigue, whereas increasing the length of time decreased it (B=-0.67, OR=0.50; p=0.0001). CONCLUSION Astragalus root extract has been shown to reduce chronic fatigue in nurses. Therefore, this herbal extract can be used to reduce the incidence and treatment of chronic fatigue in nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra-Sadat Banihashemi
- Trauma Nursing Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ismail Azizi-Fini
- Trauma Nursing Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Rajabi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Maghami
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Safoura Yadollahi
- Trauma Nursing Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Isfahan, Iran
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Zhang Z, Song Y, Zhang X, Wang S, Jia Z, Wang L, Wang C, Wang X, Mao J. Optimized new Shengmai powder ameliorates myocardial fibrosis in rats with heart failure by inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117210. [PMID: 37739104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Optimized New Shengmai Powder (ONSMP) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula for heart failure treatment. MAPK signaling pathway is the key driver of myocardial fibrosis in heart failure. However, the mechanism of ONSMP on myocardial fibrosis and MAPK signaling pathway remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the effect of ONSMP against myocardial fibrosis in heart failure and the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS was used to identify the active components in ONSMP. Secondly, a rat model of heart failure was established by ligating the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery. After four weeks of intragastric administration of ONSMP, we used various classic tests, including echocardiography, exhaustive swimming, cardiopulmonary coefficient, heart failure markers, and cardiac pathological section, to assess the prescription's anti-myocardial fibrosis in heart failure properties. AGEs, Ang Ⅱ, VEGF, CTGF, and TGFβ levels in rat serum were quantified using ELISA. The positive expression of p-ERK1/2 and p-JNK1/2 of rat myocardium was determined immunohistochemical. The protein and mRNA levels of genes involved in the MAPK signaling pathway and myocardial fibrosis were measured using western blotting or real-time PCR. RESULTS The main components of ONSMP that regulate the MAPK signaling pathway are isorhamnetin, kaempferol, quercetin, and tanshinone ⅡA. ONSMP ameliorated cardiac function and exercise tolerance and reduced cardiopulmonary coefficient, heart failure marker levels, and myocardial fibrosis in the heart failure rats. In addition, ONSMP diminished the serum MAPK pathway activator levels, positive expression level of p-ERK1/2 and p-JNK1/2, protein and mRNA levels of components of the MAPK signaling pathway in the myocardial tissue of heart failure rat, indicating that it inhibits MAPK signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS ONSMP delayed heart failure by inhibiting myocardial fibrosis via the MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Zhang
- Department of First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, PR China.
| | - Yuwei Song
- Department of First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, PR China.
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, PR China.
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, PR China.
| | - Zhuangzhuang Jia
- Department of First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, PR China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, PR China.
| | - Ci Wang
- Department of First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, PR China.
| | - Xianliang Wang
- Department of First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, PR China.
| | - Jingyuan Mao
- Department of First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, PR China.
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Su YN, Lu PP, Yan SY, Guo XT, Ma J, Guo CX, Ma LH. Xinfuli granule alleviates metabolic remodeling through inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial injury in heart failure. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:115782. [PMID: 36198376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE "Qi deficiency-blood stasis-water retention syndrome" was the most frequent syndrome among heart failure(HF) patients according to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory. Xinfuli Granule (XG) was constructed on the basis of classical formula "Baoyuan decoction" to enhance the function of nourishing Qi, activating blood and removing water retention. XG treatment has obtained clinical effect on HF patients. AIM OF THE STUDY The regulation of XG on energy metabolism of HF was investigated with special focus on endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and mitochondrial function. MATERIALS AND METHODS Components of XG was acquired by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS Analysis, left anterior descending ligation(LAD)-induced HF rats model and hypoxia-ischemia(H-I)-induced H9c2 cells model were constructed to evaluate the effect of XG treatment. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiographic parameters, energy metabolism was evaluated by metabolites and ATP/ADP/AMP levels in blood samples, cardiomyocyte morphology and myocardial fibrosis were assessed by HE staining and Masson staining, mitochondrial ultrastructure was observed under Transmission Electron Microscope, viability and apoptosis rate of H9c2 cells was detected by cell counting kit-8 reaction and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of H9c2 cells was observed by JC-1 kit under fluorescent microscope, expression of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-coactivator (PGC1α), ERS-related genes and RHOA/ROCK pathway were analysed by Quantitative Real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western Blot. RESULTS Here, we showed that XG alleviated cardiac metabolic remodeling and stimulated ATP production through elevated expression of PGC1α in HF rats. XG also helped recover mitochondrial deformation and decrease apoptosis rate accompanied by an increase of the Bcl2/Bax ratio and the mitochondrial membrane potential in hypoxia-ischemia (H-I) H9c2 cells. In addition, we found that XG downregulated ERS-related proteins ATF4, CHOP, Phospho-eIF2α, and Phospho-PERK, and suppressed the RHOA/ROCK pathway, which served as a potential mediator of ERS. CONCLUSIONS we found that XG improved energy production by alleviating mitochondrial injury and inhibiting ERS in heart failures mediated by the RHOA/ROCK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ni Su
- Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pei-Pei Lu
- Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Yu Yan
- Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan-Tong Guo
- Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cai-Xia Guo
- Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Li-Hong Ma
- Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Peng X, Tang F, Yang Y, Li T, Hu X, Li S, Wu W, He K. Bidirectional effects and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115578. [PMID: 35917892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The bidirectional property of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) was recorded in the classic work Medicine Origin (Yi Xue Qi Yuan) as early as the Jin and Yuan dynasties of ancient China. Since then, this imperative theory has been applied to guide the clinical application of TCMs. Studies have been performed to investigate this phenomenon only over the last three decades. A limited number of reviews on the bidirectional role of TCMs have been published, and almost all current studies are published in the Chinese language. AIM OF THE REVIEW The aim of this review is to provide the first comprehensive evidence regarding the bidirectional effects and the underlying mechanisms of TCMs and their active compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information relevant to opposing pharmacological activities or opposing properties exerted by TCM prescriptions, herbal medicines, and their active compound, as well as their mechanisms was summarized by searching Chinese and English databases, including the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan Fang Data, Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP), Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Wiley Online Library. RESULTS Although the bidirectional regulation of TCMs has been applied in the clinic since ancient times in China, only limited reviews have been published in Chinese. The existing data showed that bidirectional effects can be found in TCM prescriptions, herbal medicines, and pure active compounds. Additionally, the bidirectional role of TCMs was primarily reported in the modulation of immune function, blood circulation and hemostasis, gastrointestinal motility, the central nervous system and blood pressure. This may because the therapeutic outcomes of these disorders are more obvious than those of other complicated diseases. Intriguingly, some herbal medicines have multiple bidirectional activities; for instance, Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer showed bidirectional regulation of immune function and the central nervous system; Astragalus membranaceus can bidirectionally regulate blood pressure and immune function; and Rheum officinale Baill exerts bidirectional effects on blood circulation and hemostasis, gastrointestinal motility and immune function. The mechanisms underlying the bidirectional effects of TCMs are largely attributed to the complexity of herbal constituents, dosage differences, the processing of herbal medicine, and compatibility of medicines, the physiological conditions of patients and adaptogenic effects. CONCLUSION Uncovering the bidirectional effects and mechanisms of TCMs is of great importance for both scientific research and clinical applications. This review may help to facilitate the recognition of the bidirectional role of TCMs, to explain some seemingly-opposite phenomena in the pharmacological study of herbal medicines and to provide guidance for TCM practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonian Peng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China.
| | - Fang Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China.
| | - Yong Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China.
| | - Tiandan Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiaochao Hu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China.
| | - Sha Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China.
| | - Weihua Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China.
| | - Kai He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China.
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Zhu Y, Chai Y, Xiao G, Liu Y, Xie X, Xiao W, Zhou P, Ma W, Zhang C, Li L. Astragalus and its formulas as a therapeutic option for fibrotic diseases: Pharmacology and mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1040350. [PMID: 36408254 PMCID: PMC9669388 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1040350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is the abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix, characterized by accumulation of collagen and other extracellular matrix components, which causes organ dysfunction and even death. Despite advances in understanding fibrosis pathology and clinical management, there is no treatment for fibrosis that can prevent or reverse it, existing treatment options may lead to diarrhea, nausea, bleeding, anorexia, and liver toxicity. Thus, effective drugs are needed for fibrotic diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine has played a vital role in fibrotic diseases, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that Astragalus (Astragalus mongholicus Bunge) can attenuate multiple fibrotic diseases, which include liver fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, peritoneal fibrosis, renal fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, and so on, mechanisms may be related to inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), reactive oxygen species (ROS), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)/Smads, apoptosis, inflammation pathways. The purpose of this review was to summarize the pharmacology and mechanisms of Astragalus in treating fibrotic diseases, the data reviewed demonstrates that Astragalus is a promising anti-fibrotic drug, its main anti-fibrotic components are Calycosin, Astragaloside IV, Astragalus polysaccharides and formononetin. We also review formulas that contain Astragalus with anti-fibrotic effects, in which Astragalus and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Astragalus and Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels are the most commonly used combinations. We propose that combining active components into new formulations may be a promising way to develop new drugs for fibrosis. Besides, we expect Astragalus to be accepted as a clinically effective method of treating fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yilu Chai
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guojin Xiao
- Nursing Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yufei Liu
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohong Xie
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuantao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liuying Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Heart Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zigong First People’s Hospital, Zigong, China
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