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Merz MP, Seal SV, Grova N, Mériaux S, Guebels P, Kanli G, Mommaerts E, Nicot N, Kaoma T, Keunen O, Nazarov PV, Turner JD. Early-life influenza A (H1N1) infection independently programs brain connectivity, HPA AXIS and tissue-specific gene expression profiles. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5898. [PMID: 38467724 PMCID: PMC10928197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56601-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Early-life adversity covers a range of physical, social and environmental stressors. Acute viral infections in early life are a major source of such adversity and have been associated with a broad spectrum of later-life effects outside the immune system or "off-target". These include an altered hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and metabolic reactions. Here, we used a murine post-natal day 14 (PND 14) Influenza A (H1N1) infection model and applied a semi-holistic approach including phenotypic measurements, gene expression arrays and diffusion neuroimaging techniques to investigate HPA axis dysregulation, energy metabolism and brain connectivity. By PND 56 the H1N1 infection had been resolved, and there was no residual gene expression signature of immune cell infiltration into the liver, adrenal gland or brain tissues examined nor of immune-related signalling. A resolved early-life H1N1 infection had sex-specific effects. We observed retarded growth of males and altered pre-stress (baseline) blood glucose and corticosterone levels at PND42 after the infection was resolved. Cerebral MRI scans identified reduced connectivity in the cortex, midbrain and cerebellum that were accompanied by tissue-specific gene expression signatures. Gene set enrichment analysis confirmed that these were tissue-specific changes with few common pathways. Early-life infection independently affected each of the systems and this was independent of HPA axis or immune perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam P Merz
- Immune Endocrine and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29 Rue Henri Koch, 4354, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 2 Avenue de Université, L-4365, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Central Biobank Charité, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Snehaa V Seal
- Immune Endocrine and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29 Rue Henri Koch, 4354, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 2 Avenue de Université, L-4365, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Nathalie Grova
- Immune Endocrine and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29 Rue Henri Koch, 4354, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Inserm U1256, NGERE, Nutrition-Génétique Et Exposition Aux Risques Environnementaux, Université de Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Sophie Mériaux
- Immune Endocrine and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29 Rue Henri Koch, 4354, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Pauline Guebels
- Immune Endocrine and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29 Rue Henri Koch, 4354, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Georgia Kanli
- In Vivo Imaging Platform, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
- Translational Radiomics, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Elise Mommaerts
- LuxGen Genome Center, Laboratoire National de Santé, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Nathalie Nicot
- LuxGen Genome Center, Laboratoire National de Santé, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Tony Kaoma
- Bioinformatics Platform, Data Integration and Analysis Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Olivier Keunen
- In Vivo Imaging Platform, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
- Translational Radiomics, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Petr V Nazarov
- Bioinformatics Platform, Data Integration and Analysis Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
- Multiomics Data Science Research Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Jonathan D Turner
- Immune Endocrine and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29 Rue Henri Koch, 4354, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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2
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Hong Y, Chen P, Gao J, Lin Y, Chen L, Shang X. Sepsis-associated encephalopathy: From pathophysiology to clinical management. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110800. [PMID: 37619410 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy, which presents as delirium and coma, is a significant complication of sepsis characterized by acute brain dysfunction. The presence of inflammatory pathological changes in the brain of sepsis patients and animal models has been recognized since the 1920 s, initially attributed to the entry of microbial toxins into the brain. In the early 2000 s, attention shifted towards the impact of oxidative stress, the cholinergic system, and cytokines on brain function following sepsis onset. More recently, sepsis-associated encephalopathy has been defined as a diffuse brain dysfunction not directly caused by pathogenic infection of the brain. Currently, there is no evidence-based standard for diagnosing sepsis-associated encephalopathy, and clinical management is primarily focused on symptomatic and supportive measures. This review aims to explore the pathophysiology of sepsis-associated encephalopathy and establish the connection between pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical characteristics. We hope that this work will spark the interest of researchers from various fields and contribute to the advancement of sepsis-associated encephalopathy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Hong
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; The Third Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Center for Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Peiling Chen
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; The Third Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Center for Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jingqi Gao
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; The Third Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Center for Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yingying Lin
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; The Third Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Center for Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Linfang Chen
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; The Third Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Center for Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiuling Shang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; The Third Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Center for Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Fuzhou, China.
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3
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Jankowski MM, Ignatowska-Jankowska BM, Glac W, Wiergowski M, Kazmierska-Grebowska P, Swiergiel AH. Intravenous haloperidol and cocaine alter the distribution of T CD3 + CD4 + , non-T/NK and NKT cells in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2023; 50:453-462. [PMID: 36802086 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
The modulation of dopamine transmission evokes strong behavioural effects that can be achieved by commonly used psychoactive drugs such as haloperidol or cocaine. Cocaine non-specifically increases dopamine transmission by blocking dopamine active transporter (DAT) and evokes behavioural arousal, whereas haloperidol is a non-specific D2-like dopamine receptor antagonist with sedative effects. Interestingly, dopamine has been found to affect immune cells in addition to its action in the central nervous system. Here, we address the possible interactions between haloperidol and cocaine and their effects on both immune cells and behaviour in freely moving rats. We use an intravenous model of haloperidol and binge cocaine administration to evaluate the drugs' impact on the distribution of lymphocyte subsets in both the peripheral blood and the spleen. We assess the drugs' behavioural effects by measuring locomotor activity. Cocaine evoked a pronounced locomotor response and stereotypic behaviours, both of which were completely blocked after pretreatment with haloperidol. The results suggest that blood lymphopenia, which was induced by haloperidol and cocaine (except for natural killer T cells), is independent of D2-like dopaminergic activity and most likely results from the massive secretion of corticosterone. Haloperidol pretreatment prevented the cocaine-induced decrease in NKT cell numbers. Moreover, the increased systemic D2-like dopaminergic activity after cocaine administration is a significant factor in retaining T CD3+ CD4+ lymphocytes and non-T/NK CD45RA+ cells in the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej M Jankowski
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Bogna M Ignatowska-Jankowska
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.,Neuronal Rhythms in Movement Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Wojciech Glac
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marek Wiergowski
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Artur H Swiergiel
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Zhu L, Huang L, Le A, Wang TJ, Zhang J, Chen X, Wang J, Wang J, Jiang C. Interactions between the Autonomic Nervous System and the Immune System after Stroke. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3665-3704. [PMID: 35766834 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Stroke-induced immune-inflammatory response occurs in the perilesion areas and the periphery. Although stroke-induced immunosuppression may alleviate brain injury, it hinders brain repair as the immune-inflammatory response plays a bidirectional role after acute stroke. Furthermore, suppression of the systemic immune-inflammatory response increases the risk of life-threatening systemic bacterial infections after acute stroke. Therefore, it is essential to explore the mechanisms that underlie the stroke-induced immune-inflammatory response. Autonomic nervous system (ANS) activation is critical for regulating the local and systemic immune-inflammatory responses and may influence the prognosis of acute stroke. We review the changes in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems and their influence on the immune-inflammatory response after stroke. Importantly, this article summarizes the mechanisms on how ANS regulates the immune-inflammatory response through neurotransmitters and their receptors in immunocytes and immune organs after stroke. To facilitate translational research, we also discuss the promising therapeutic approaches modulating the activation of the ANS or the immune-inflammatory response to promote neurologic recovery after stroke. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3665-3704, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Leo Huang
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anh Le
- Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tom J Wang
- Winston Churchill High School, Potomac, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
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5
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Zhou H, Lu Y, Wei H, Chen Y, Limpanon Y, Dekumyoy P, Huang P, Shi P, Lv Z. Stat3/IL-6 signaling mediates sustained pneumonia induced by Agiostrongylus cantonensis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010461. [PMID: 35617354 PMCID: PMC9176765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiostrongylus cantonensis (AC) is well-documented that parasitizes the host brain and causes eosinophilic meningitis. The migration route of AC in permissive hosts is well demonstrated, while in nonpermissive hosts, it remains to be fully defined. In the present study, we exploited live imaging technology, morphological and pathological configuration analysis, and molecular biological technologies to explore the migration route of AC and the accompanying tissue damage in nonpermissive and permissive hosts. Our data indicated that, in nonpermissive host mouse, AC larvae migrated from intestinal wall to liver at 2 hours post-infection (hpi), from liver to lung at 4 hpi and then from lung to brain at 8 hpi. AC larval migration caused fatal lung injury (pneumonia) during acute and early infection phases, along with significant activation of Stat3/IL-6 signaling. In addition, AC induce sustained interstitial pneumonia in mouse and rat and pulmonary fibrosis only in rat during late infection phase. Moreover, during the early and late infection phases, Th2 cytokine expression and Stat3 and IL-6 signaling were persistently enhanced and myeloid macrophage cells were notably enriched in host lung, and administration of Stat3 and IL-6 inhibitors (C188-9 and LMT-28) attenuated AC infection-induced acute pneumonia in mice. Overall, we are the first to provide direct and systemic laboratory evidence of AC migration route in a nonpermissive host and report that infection with a high dose of AC larvae could result in acute and fatal pneumonia through Stat3/IL-6 signaling in mice. These findings may present a feasible to rational strategy to minimize the pathogenesis induced by AC. Angiostrongylus cantonensis is a well-known nematode parasitizing the host brain and is the leading cause of eosinophilic meningitis worldwide. Our study reports the migration route of Angiostrongylus cantonensis larvae in non-permissive host mouse and discovers that the larvae could induce fatal pneumonia in mouse lung during acute and early infection phase characterized by activation of Stat3/IL-6 signaling. Moreover, administration of inhibitors targeting Stat3/IL-6 signaling could significantly attenuate the AC-induced pneumonia of non-permissive host mouse, providing an effective candidate target for intervention of this severe parasitic pneumonia. These findings expand our understanding of Angiostrongyliasis cantonensis and indicate that more attention to AC-induced pneumonia is required when treatment for Angiostrongyliasis cantonensis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yuting Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Hang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yixin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yanin Limpanon
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paron Dekumyoy
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Peiyao Shi
- Department of Experimental Diagnosis, Shenzhen Yantian District People’s Hospital, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (PS); (ZL)
| | - Zhiyue Lv
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Department of Infectious Disease, Hainan Affaliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- * E-mail: (PS); (ZL)
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6
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Zhou Z, Lin T, Liu Z, Ding Q, Ma Z, Li W, Xie F, Lan Y, Feng Y. IL-17A Mediates Demyelination by Activating A1 Astrocytes via SOCS3 During Angiostrongylus cantonensis Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:845011. [PMID: 35296090 PMCID: PMC8918566 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.845011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Demyelinating disease of the central nervous system is one of the most common neurological diseases and effective treatment is still under in-depth research. Our previous study showed that Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection can induce demyelination injury in mouse brains and IL-17A expression was shown to be significantly increased during this process. Moreover, we found that IL-17A inhibition attenuated the demyelination caused by A. cantonensis infection. However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. Methods IL-17A neutralizing antibodies were injected into A. cantonensis infected mice to decrease IL-17A levels. The activation of glial cells in the brain and the expression of cell markers were detected by a variety of methods, including real-time quantitative PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. The relationship between IL-17A and astrocyte activation was further identified by in vitro experiments. The role of SOCS3 in the IL-17A stimulating process was determined using RNA-seq data collection of infected mice and the siRNA interference method. Results Demyelination of the corpus callosum was relieved after administration of IL-17A neutralizing antibody and this was accompanied by decreased activation of A1 type astrocytes around this region. The expression of SOCS3 was attenuated and activation of astrocytes by IL-17A was mediated by the IL-17RA/STAT3/SOCS3 pathway. IL-17A not only directly damaged oligodendrocytes but also indirectly damaged oligodendrocytes through A1 astrocyte mediation. Specific siRNA inhibition of IL-17A-inducible SOCS3 in astrocytes alleviated their damaging effects on oligodendrocytes. Conclusion IL-17A plays an important role in demyelination induced by A. cantonensis infection via the IL-17RA/STAT3/SOCS3 pathway in A1-type astrocytes, indicating that specific blockage of IL-17A and SOCS3 activity could be a therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammatory demyelinating diseases associated with astrocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongpu Zhou
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tuo Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Ding
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixuan Ma
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanqi Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fukang Xie
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Lan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yue Lan, ; Ying Feng,
| | - Ying Feng
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yue Lan, ; Ying Feng,
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Ma Y, Yang X, Villalba N, Chatterjee V, Reynolds A, Spence S, Wu MH, Yuan SY. Circulating Lymphocyte Trafficking to the Bone Marrow Contributes to Lymphopenia in Myocardial Infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H622-H635. [PMID: 35179978 PMCID: PMC8934671 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00003.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Some patients with myocardial infarction (MI) exhibit lymphopenia, a reduction in blood lymphocyte count. Moreover, lymphopenia inversely correlates with patient prognosis. The objective of this study was to elucidate the underlying mechanisms that cause lymphopenia after MI. Multiparameter flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that MI induced profound B and T lymphopenia in a mouse model, peaking at day 1 post-MI. The finding that non-MI control and MI mice exhibited similar apoptotic rate for blood B and T lymphocytes argues against apoptosis being essential for MI-induced lymphopenia. Interestingly, the bone marrow in day 1 post-MI mice contained more B and T cells but showed less B and T cell proliferation, compared to day 0 controls. This suggests that blood lymphocytes may travel to the bone marrow after MI. This was confirmed by adoptive transfer experiments demonstrating that MI caused the loss of transferred lymphocytes in the blood, but the accumulation of transferred lymphocytes in the bone marrow. To elucidate the underlying signaling pathways, β2 adrenergic receptor or sphingoshine-1-phosphate receptor type 1 (S1PR1) was pharmacologically blocked respectively. β2 receptor inhibition had no significant effect on blood lymphocyte count, whereas S1PR1 blockade aggravated lymphopenia in MI mice. Further, we discovered that MI-induced glucocorticoid release triggered lymphopenia. This was supported by the findings that adrenalectomy (ADX) completely prevented mice from MI-induced lymphopenia, and supplementation with corticosterone in adrenalectomized MI mice re-induced lymphopenia. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that MI-associated lymphopenia involves lymphocyte redistribution from peripheral blood to the bone marrow, which is mediated by glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Ma
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Xiaoyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Nuria Villalba
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Victor Chatterjee
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Amanda Reynolds
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Sam Spence
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Mack H Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Sarah Y Yuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
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8
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Zhang H, Huang Y, Li X, Han X, Hu J, Wang B, Zhang L, Zhuang P, Zhang Y. Dynamic Process of Secondary Pulmonary Infection in Mice With Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Front Immunol 2021; 12:767155. [PMID: 34868020 PMCID: PMC8639885 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.767155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a common central nervous system disease in clinical practice. Stroke patients often have infectious complications, such as pneumonia and infections of the urinary tract and gastrointestinal tract. Although it has been shown that translocation of the host gut microbiota to the lungs and immune dysfunction plays a vital role in the development of infection after ischemic stroke, the occurrence and mechanism of pulmonary infection at different time points after hemorrhagic cerebral remain unclear. In this study, the changes in the immune system and intestinal barrier function in mice during disease development were investigated at 1 day (M 1 d), 3 days (M 3 d) and 7 days (M 7 d) following hemorrhagic stroke to clarify the mechanism of secondary pulmonary infection. The experimental results revealed that after hemorrhagic stroke, model mice showed increased brain damage from day 1 to 3, followed by a trend of brain recovery from day 3 to 7 . After hemorrhagic stroke, the immune system was disturbed in model mice. Significant immunosuppression of the peripheral immune system was observed in the M 3 d group but improved in the M 7 d group. Staining of lung tissues with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and for inflammatory factors revealed considerable disease and immune disorders in the M 7 d group. Stroke seriously impaired intestinal barrier function in mice and significantly changed the small intestine structure. From 1 to 7 d after stroke, intestinal permeability was increased, whereas the levels of markers for intestinal tight junctions, mucus and immunoglobulin A were decreased. Analysis based on 16S rRNA suggested that the microflora in the lung and ileum was significantly altered after stroke. The composition of microflora in lung and ileum tissue was similar in the M 7d group, suggesting that intestinal bacteria had migrated to lung tissue and caused lung infection at this time point after hemorrhagic stroke. In stroke mice, the aggravation of intestinal barrier dysfunction and immune disorders after intracerebral hemorrhage, promoted the migration of enteric bacteria, and increased the risk of pneumonia poststroke. Our findings reveal the dynamic process of infection after hemorrhagic stroke and provide clues for the optimal timing of intervention for secondary pulmonary infection in stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Zhang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaojin Li
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Han
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Hu
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengwei Zhuang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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9
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Epidemiological and clinical observations as well as familial clustering support the existence of a genetic predisposition to sarcoidosis. In this article, we review the most recent findings in genetics of sarcoidosis and discuss how the identification of risk alleles may help advancing our understanding of disease etiology and development. RECENT FINDINGS Genetic studies of sarcoidosis phenotypes have identified novel and ancestry-specific associations. Gene-environment interaction studies highlighted the importance of integrating genetic information when assessing the relationship between sarcoidosis and environmental exposures. A case-control-family study revealed that the heritability of sarcoidosis is only 49%, suggesting the existence of additional important contributors to disease risk. The application of whole-exome sequencing has identified associations with disease activity and prognosis. Finally, gene expression studies of circulating immune cells have identified shared and unique pathways between sarcoidosis and other granulomatous diseases. SUMMARY Sarcoidosis genetic research has led to the identification of a number of associations with both sarcoidoses per se and disease phenotypes. Newer sequencing technologies are likely to increase the number of genetic variants associated with sarcoidosis. However, studying phenotypically and ethnically homogeneous patient subsets remains critically important regardless of the genetic approach used.
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10
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Cai L, Zeng H, Tan X, Wu X, Qian C, Chen G. The Role of the Blood Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Front Neurol 2021; 12:671098. [PMID: 34149601 PMCID: PMC8209292 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.671098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is an important type of stroke with the highest rates of mortality and disability. Recent evidence indicates that neuroinflammation plays a critical role in both early brain injury and delayed neural deterioration after aSAH, contributing to unfavorable outcomes. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a peripheral biomarker that conveys information about the inflammatory burden in terms of both innate and adaptive immunity. This review summarizes relevant studies that associate the NLR with aSAH to evaluate whether the NLR can predict outcomes and serve as an effective biomarker for clinical management. We found that increased NLR is valuable in predicting the clinical outcome of aSAH patients and is related to the risk of complications such as delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) or rebleeding. Combined with other indicators, the NLR provides improved accuracy for predicting prognosis to stratify patients into different risk categories. The underlying pathophysiology is highlighted to identify new potential targets for neuroprotection and to develop novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxin Cai
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanhai Zeng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Tan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyan Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Qian
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Luo M, Xu L, Qian Z, Sun X. Infection-Associated Thymic Atrophy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:652538. [PMID: 34113341 PMCID: PMC8186317 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.652538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The thymus is a vital organ of the immune system that plays an essential role in thymocyte development and maturation. Thymic atrophy occurs with age (physiological thymic atrophy) or as a result of viral, bacterial, parasitic or fungal infection (pathological thymic atrophy). Thymic atrophy directly results in loss of thymocytes and/or destruction of the thymic architecture, and indirectly leads to a decrease in naïve T cells and limited T cell receptor diversity. Thus, it is important to recognize the causes and mechanisms that induce thymic atrophy. In this review, we highlight current progress in infection-associated pathogenic thymic atrophy and discuss its possible mechanisms. In addition, we discuss whether extracellular vesicles/exosomes could be potential carriers of pathogenic substances to the thymus, and potential drugs for the treatment of thymic atrophy. Having acknowledged that most current research is limited to serological aspects, we look forward to the possibility of extending future work regarding the impact of neural modulation on thymic atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Luo
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingxin Xu
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyu Qian
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Sun
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Zhang R, Miao T, Qin M, Zhao C, Wang W, Zhang C, Liu X, Chen Y, Chen A, Wang Y. CX 3CL1 Recruits NK Cells Into the Central Nervous System and Aggravates Brain Injury of Mice Caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:672720. [PMID: 34017692 PMCID: PMC8129578 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.672720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiostrongylus cantonensis (A. cantonensis), is a food-borne zoonotic parasite that can cause central nervous system (CNS) injury characterized by eosinophilic meningitis. However, the pathogenesis of angiostrongylosis remains elusive. Natural killer cells (NK cells) are unique innate lymphocytes important in early defense against pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of NK cells in A. cantonensis infection and to elucidate the key factors that recruit NK cells into the CNS. Methods Mouse model of A. cantonensis infection was established by intragastric administration of third-stage larvae. The expression of cytokines and chemokines at gene and protein levels was analyzed by qRT-PCR and ELISA. Distribution of NK cells was observed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity against YAC-1 cells was detected by LDH release assay. The ability of NK cells to secrete cytokines was determined by intracellular flow cytometry and ELISA. Depletion and adoptive transfer of NK cells in vivo was induced by tail vein injection of anti-asialo GM1 rabbit serum and purified splenic NK cells, respectively. CX3CL1 neutralization experiment was performed by intraperitoneal injection of anti-CX3CL1 rat IgG. Results The infiltration of NK cells in the CNS of A. cantonensis-infected mice was observed from 14 dpi and reached the peak on 18 and 22 dpi. Compared with uninfected splenic NK cells, the CNS-infiltrated NK cells of infected mice showed enhanced cytotoxicity and increased IFN-γ and TNF-α production ability. Depletion of NK cells alleviated brain injury, whereas adoptive transfer of NK cells exacerbated brain damage in A. cantonensis-infected mice. The expression of CX3CL1 in the brain tissue and its receptor CX3CR1 on the CNS-infiltrated NK cells were both elevated after A. cantonensis infection. CX3CL1 neutralization reduced the percentage and absolute number of the CNS-infiltrated NK cells and relieved brain damage caused by A. cantonensis infection. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that the up-regulated CX3CL1 in the brain tissue recruits NK cells into the CNS and aggravates brain damage caused by A. cantonensis infection. The findings improve the understanding of the pathogenesis of angiostrongyliasis and expand the therapeutic intervention in CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Miao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Qin
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengsi Zhao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinjian Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ailing Chen
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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13
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Interleukin 17A Derived from γδ T Cell Induces Demyelination of the Brain in Angiostrongylus cantonensis Infection. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3968-3982. [PMID: 33904019 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02366-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection is a typical cause of eosinophilic encephalitis (EM), which has been reported to induce serious damage in the central nervous system. Both parasite and host factors contribute to the onset of EM, but the related immune-inflammation pathogenesis remains poorly characterised. An A. cantonensis infection model was generated through the infection of mice by gavage. Transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the pathologic changes in the brain. The mRNA expression of inflammatory factors was tested using qRT-PCR. A combination of flow cytometry and western blotting was used to evaluate the alteration of leukocytes and related cytokines. A critical role of IL-17 was found by injecting IL-17A monoclonal antibody into naïve and A. cantonensis-infected mice. A. cantonensis larvae altered the immune homeostasis in the brain, leading to the destruction of myelin sheaths and activation of microglia and macrophage. During this process, IL-17A accumulation was observed, and IL-17RA was expressed in oligodendrocytes and microglia during the infection. Notably, γδ T cell was the major origin of IL-17A production induced by the parasite. After an IL-17A-neutralising antibody was applied, alterations in myelination and the state of the microglia/macrophage were discovered; the neurobehavioural scores of the mice also improved. Our study reveals one unrecognised impact of the γδ T cells in parasitic encephalopathy and emphasises that blocking IL-17A signalling can attenuate microglia and macrophage activation, thus reducing CNS demyelination and ameliorating the neurobehavioural deficit in A. cantonensis-infected mice.
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14
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Co-Therapy of Albendazole and Dexamethasone Reduces Pathological Changes in the Cerebral Parenchyma of Th-1 and Th-2 Dominant Mice Heavily Infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis: Histopathological and RNA-seq Analyses. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040536. [PMID: 33917604 PMCID: PMC8067505 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Administration of albendazole alone was not very suitable for the treatment of cerebral angiostrongyliasis. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of the co-therapy of this drug and dexamethasone in Th-1 and Th-2 dominant mice infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Each of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice infected with 50 A. cantonensis third-stage larvae were administered albendazole (10 mg/kg/day) alone, dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg/day) alone, or co-therapy of the two drugs from day 7 or 14 post-infection for 7 or 14 days. After sacrifice, coronal slices were prepared from five brain regions and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Eight pathological changes were employed to determine the therapeutic effectiveness using a scoring system. RNA-seq analysis was performed to confirm the histopathological findings. The infected BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice had similar patterns in the pathological changes. Meningitis, hemorrhage, size of worms, and encephalitis in the cerebral parenchyma were slighter in the mice treated with co-therapy than the remaining groups. Mice treated from day 14 had more severe changes than those from day 7. The histopathological findings were found to be consistent to immune responses determined by RNA-seq analysis. Co-therapy was determined to reduce pathological changes after administration to mice infected with A. cantonensis.
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15
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Ayasoufi K, Pfaller CK, Evgin L, Khadka RH, Tritz ZP, Goddery EN, Fain CE, Yokanovich LT, Himes BT, Jin F, Zheng J, Schuelke MR, Hansen MJ, Tung W, Parney IF, Pease LR, Vile RG, Johnson AJ. Brain cancer induces systemic immunosuppression through release of non-steroid soluble mediators. Brain 2020; 143:3629-3652. [PMID: 33253355 PMCID: PMC7954397 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppression of unknown aetiology is a hallmark feature of glioblastoma and is characterized by decreased CD4 T-cell counts and downregulation of major histocompatibility complex class II expression on peripheral blood monocytes in patients. This immunosuppression is a critical barrier to the successful development of immunotherapies for glioblastoma. We recapitulated the immunosuppression observed in glioblastoma patients in the C57BL/6 mouse and investigated the aetiology of low CD4 T-cell counts. We determined that thymic involution was a hallmark feature of immunosuppression in three distinct models of brain cancer, including mice harbouring GL261 glioma, B16 melanoma, and in a spontaneous model of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. In addition to thymic involution, we determined that tumour growth in the brain induced significant splenic involution, reductions in peripheral T cells, reduced MHC II expression on blood leucocytes, and a modest increase in bone marrow resident CD4 T cells. Using parabiosis we report that thymic involution, declines in peripheral T-cell counts, and reduced major histocompatibility complex class II expression levels were mediated through circulating blood-derived factors. Conversely, T-cell sequestration in the bone marrow was not governed through circulating factors. Serum isolated from glioma-bearing mice potently inhibited proliferation and functions of T cells both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, the factor responsible for immunosuppression in serum is non-steroidal and of high molecular weight. Through further analysis of neurological disease models, we determined that the immunosuppression was not unique to cancer itself, but rather occurs in response to brain injury. Non-cancerous acute neurological insults also induced significant thymic involution and rendered serum immunosuppressive. Both thymic involution and serum-derived immunosuppression were reversible upon clearance of brain insults. These findings demonstrate that brain cancers cause multifaceted immunosuppression and pinpoint circulating factors as a target of intervention to restore immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian K Pfaller
- Mayo Clinic Department of Molecular Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Langen, Germany
| | - Laura Evgin
- Mayo Clinic Department of Molecular Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Roman H Khadka
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Zachariah P Tritz
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Emma N Goddery
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Cori E Fain
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lila T Yokanovich
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Benjamin T Himes
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Department of Neurologic Surgery, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Fang Jin
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jiaying Zheng
- Mayo Clinic Department of Molecular Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Matthew R Schuelke
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Department of Molecular Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Wesley Tung
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ian F Parney
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Department of Neurologic Surgery, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Larry R Pease
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Richard G Vile
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Department of Molecular Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Aaron J Johnson
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Department of Molecular Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Department of Neurology, Rochester, MN, USA
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16
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Liu C, Yang J, Guan L, Zhu Y, Geng X. Filtered air intervention reduces inflammation and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis activation in adult male and female rats after PM 2.5 exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:35341-35348. [PMID: 32592061 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09564-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) exposure stimulates systemic inflammation and activates the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, both of which are associated with stroke incidence and mortality. However, whether filtered air (FA) intervention modulates inflammation and HPA axis activation is still largely unknown. For FA group and PM2.5 group, adult Sprague-Dawley male and female rats were exposed to FA or PM2.5 for 6 months, respectively. For PM2.5 + 15 days FA group, the rats were achieved by receiving 15 days FA after PM2.5 exposure for 6 months. The immune cells and inflammatory biomarker levels in the blood and brain were analyzed by flow cytometry, ELISA, and qRT-PCR. To assess HPA axis activation, the levels of hormones in the blood were also analyzed by ELISA. FA intervention increased the percentage of CD4 T cells and T cells in the blood, which had decreased after PM2.5 exposure in both male and female rats. The ELISA and qRT-PCR results showed that FA intervention significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory biomarkers in the peripheral blood, and alleviated neuroinflammation in the cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. In addition, FA intervention also inhibited the inflammation in the hypothalamus and pituitary and adrenal glands, and decreased the levels of HPA axis hormones. Our results indicate that FA intervention exerts a protective effect on the brain by decreasing inflammation and HPA axis activation after PM2.5 exposure in both male and female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiying Liu
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jian Yang
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Longfei Guan
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuequan Zhu
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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17
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Tauber SC, Djukic M, Gossner J, Eiffert H, Brück W, Nau R. Sepsis-associated encephalopathy and septic encephalitis: an update. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2020; 19:215-231. [PMID: 32808580 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1812384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) and septic encephalitis (SE) are associated with increased mortality, long-term cognitive impairment, and focal neurological deficits. AREAS COVERED The PUBMED database was searched 2016-2020. The clinical manifestation of SAE is delirium, SE additionally is characterized by focal neurological symptoms. SAE is caused by inflammation with endothelial/microglial activation, increase of permeability of the blood-brain-barrier, hypoxia, imbalance of neurotransmitters, glial activation, axonal, and neuronal loss. Septic-embolic (SEE) and septic-metastatic encephalitis (SME) are characterized by focal ischemia (SEE) and small abscesses (SME). The continuum between SAE, SME, and SEE is documented by imaging techniques and autopsies. The backbone of treatment is rapid optimum antibiotic therapy. Experimental approaches focus on modulation of inflammation, stabilization of the blood-brain barrier, and restoration of membrane/mitochondrial function. EXPERT OPINION The most promising diagnostic approaches are new imaging techniques. The most important measure to fight delirium remains establishment of daily structure and adequate sensory stimuli. Dexmedetomidine and melatonin appear to reduce the frequency of delirium, their efficacy in SAE and SE remains to be established. Drugs already licensed for other indications or available as food supplements which may be effective in SAE are statins, L-DOPA/benserazide, β-hydroxybutyrate, palmitoylethanolamide, and tetracyclines or other bactericidal non-lytic antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone C Tauber
- Department of Neurology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) , Aachen, Germany
| | - Marija Djukic
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center , Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Geriatrics, Protestant Hospital Göttingen-Weende , Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Gossner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Protestant Hospital Göttingen-Weende , Göttingen, Germany
| | - Helmut Eiffert
- Amedes MVZ for Laboratory Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Infectiology , Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brück
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center , Göttingen, Germany
| | - Roland Nau
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center , Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Geriatrics, Protestant Hospital Göttingen-Weende , Göttingen, Germany
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18
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Meguro A, Ishihara M, Petrek M, Yamamoto K, Takeuchi M, Mrazek F, Kolek V, Benicka A, Yamane T, Shibuya E, Yoshino A, Isomoto A, Ota M, Yatsu K, Shijubo N, Nagai S, Yamaguchi E, Yamaguchi T, Namba K, Kaburaki T, Takase H, Morimoto SI, Hori J, Kono K, Goto H, Suda T, Ikushima S, Ando Y, Takenaka S, Takeuchi M, Yuasa T, Sugisaki K, Ohguro N, Hiraoka M, Kitaichi N, Sugiyama Y, Horita N, Asukata Y, Kawagoe T, Kimura I, Ishido M, Inoko H, Mochizuki M, Ohno S, Bahram S, Remmers EF, Kastner DL, Mizuki N. Genetic control of CCL24, POR, and IL23R contributes to the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. Commun Biol 2020; 3:465. [PMID: 32826979 PMCID: PMC7442816 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01185-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a genetically complex systemic inflammatory disease that affects multiple organs. We present a GWAS of a Japanese cohort (700 sarcoidosis cases and 886 controls) with replication in independent samples from Japan (931 cases and 1,042 controls) and the Czech Republic (265 cases and 264 controls). We identified three loci outside the HLA complex, CCL24, STYXL1-SRRM3, and C1orf141-IL23R, which showed genome-wide significant associations (P < 5.0 × 10−8) with sarcoidosis; CCL24 and STYXL1-SRRM3 were novel. The disease-risk alleles in CCL24 and IL23R were associated with reduced CCL24 and IL23R expression, respectively. The disease-risk allele in STYXL1-SRRM3 was associated with elevated POR expression. These results suggest that genetic control of CCL24, POR, and IL23R expression contribute to the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. We speculate that the CCL24 risk allele might be involved in a polarized Th1 response in sarcoidosis, and that POR and IL23R risk alleles may lead to diminished host defense against sarcoidosis pathogens. Akira Meguro et al. report a genome-wide association study for sarcoidosis—a systemic inflammatory disease—in the Japanese population. They identify 3 non-HLA loci with genome-wide significance, 2 of which have not been previously associated with sarcoidosis in any population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Meguro
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Mami Ishihara
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Martin Petrek
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska Str., 77515, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ken Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahimachi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan.,Division of Genome Analysis, Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masaki Takeuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.,Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, 10 CRC East/B2-5235, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1849, USA
| | - Frantisek Mrazek
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, I.P.Pavlova Str. 6, 77520, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vitezslav Kolek
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, I. P. Pavlova Str. 6, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alzbeta Benicka
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska Str., 77515, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Takahiro Yamane
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Etsuko Shibuya
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yoshino
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Akiko Isomoto
- Division of Genome Analysis, Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masao Ota
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.,Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.,INSERM Franco-Japanese "Laboratoire International Associé" (LIA) Nextgen HLA Laboratory, Strasbourg, France.,INSERM Franco-Japanese "Laboratoire International Associé" (LIA) Nextgen HLA Laboratory, Nagano, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yatsu
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Noriharu Shijubo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japan Railway Sapporo Hospital, Higashi-1, Kita-3, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-0033, Japan
| | - Sonoko Nagai
- Kyoto Central Clinic/Clinical Research Center, 56-58 Masuyacho Sanjo-Takakura, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, 604-8111, Japan
| | - Etsuro Yamaguchi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Aichi Medical University, 21 Karimata, Yazako, Nagakute-cho, Aichi-gun, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yamaguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japan Railway Tokyo General Hospital, 2-1-3 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 151-0053, Japan
| | - Kenichi Namba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Kaburaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takase
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Morimoto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Junko Hori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Keiko Kono
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kono Medical Clinic, 3-30-28 Soshigaya, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-0072, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Goto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Takafumi Suda
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ikushima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Medical Centre, 4-1-22 Hiroo, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8953, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Ando
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kitasato Institute Hospital, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8642, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0016, Japan
| | - Shinobu Takenaka
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Kumamoto City Hospital, 1-1-60 Kotoh, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 862-8505, Japan
| | - Masaru Takeuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Takenosuke Yuasa
- Yuasa Eye Clinic, 3-1-1 Nishimoto-cho, Nishi-ku, Osaka, 550-0005, Japan
| | - Katsunori Sugisaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Nishibeppu National Hospital, 4548 Oaza-Tsurumi, Beppu, Oita, 874-0840, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ohguro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Japan Community Health care Organization Osaka Hospital, 4-2-78 Fukushima, Fukushima-ku, Osaka, 553-0003, Japan
| | - Miki Hiraoka
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, S1 W16 Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Kitaichi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ainosato 2-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 002-8072, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Sugiyama
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Horita
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, 10 CRC East/B2-5235, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1849, USA.,Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yuri Asukata
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tatsukata Kawagoe
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Ikuko Kimura
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Mizuho Ishido
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Inoko
- INSERM Franco-Japanese "Laboratoire International Associé" (LIA) Nextgen HLA Laboratory, Strasbourg, France.,INSERM Franco-Japanese "Laboratoire International Associé" (LIA) Nextgen HLA Laboratory, Nagano, Japan.,Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Molecular Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Manabu Mochizuki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Ohno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ainosato 2-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 002-8072, Japan
| | - Seiamak Bahram
- INSERM Franco-Japanese "Laboratoire International Associé" (LIA) Nextgen HLA Laboratory, Strasbourg, France.,INSERM Franco-Japanese "Laboratoire International Associé" (LIA) Nextgen HLA Laboratory, Nagano, Japan.,Plateforme GENOMAX, Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, LabEx Transplantex, Centre de Recherche d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie. Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elaine F Remmers
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, 10 CRC East/B2-5235, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1849, USA
| | - Daniel L Kastner
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, 10 CRC East/B2-5235, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1849, USA
| | - Nobuhisa Mizuki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
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19
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Ren C, Yao RQ, Zhang H, Feng YW, Yao YM. Sepsis-associated encephalopathy: a vicious cycle of immunosuppression. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:14. [PMID: 31924221 PMCID: PMC6953314 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-1701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is commonly complicated by septic conditions, and is responsible for increased mortality and poor outcomes in septic patients. Uncontrolled neuroinflammation and ischemic injury are major contributors to brain dysfunction, which arises from intractable immune malfunction and the collapse of neuroendocrine immune networks, such as the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and sympathetic nervous system. Dysfunction in these neuromodulatory mechanisms compromised by SAE jeopardizes systemic immune responses, including those of neutrophils, macrophages/monocytes, dendritic cells, and T lymphocytes, which ultimately results in a vicious cycle between brain injury and a progressively aberrant immune response. Deep insight into the crosstalk between SAE and peripheral immunity is of great importance in extending the knowledge of the pathogenesis and development of sepsis-induced immunosuppression, as well as in exploring its effective remedies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ren
- Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Qi Yao
- Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Wen Feng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518035, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Ming Yao
- Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Huang YY, Li X, Li X, Sheng YY, Zhuang PW, Zhang YJ. Neuroimmune crosstalk in central nervous system injury-induced infection and pharmacological intervention. Brain Res Bull 2019; 153:232-238. [PMID: 31536756 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Infection (such as pneumonia and urinary tract infection) is one of the leading causes of death in patients with acute central nervous system (CNS) injury, which also greatly affects the patients' prognosis and quality of life. Antibiotics are commonly used for the treatment of various infections, however, available evidence demonstrate that prophylactic antibiotic treatments for CNS injury-induced infection have been unsuccessful. Effective approaches for prevention of CNS injury induced-infection remain scarce, therefore, better understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of infection post-CNS injury may aid in the development of efficacious therapeutic options. CNS injury-induced infection is confirmed affected by the sympathetic/parasympathetic nervous system, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and even brain-gut axis. In this review, we summarized the mechanisms of CNS injury- induced infection, crosstalk between the CNS and the immune system and current pharmacological intervention to provide ideas for the development of new anti- infective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Huang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, 301617, China.
| | - Xueli Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, 301617, China.
| | - Xiaojin Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, 301617, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Sheng
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, 301617, China.
| | - Peng-Wei Zhuang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, 301617, China.
| | - Yan-Jun Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, 301617, China.
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21
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Roggero E, Del Rey A, Wildmann J, Besedovsky H. Glucocorticoids and sympathetic neurotransmitters modulate the acute immune response to Trypanosoma cruzi. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1437:83-93. [PMID: 30088661 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that natural and adaptive immune responses can trigger neuroendocrine responses. Here, we discuss changes in the activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and in autonomic nerves, predominantly of the sympathetic nervous system, in a mouse model of acute infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. The endocrine response includes a marked increased release of glucocorticoid and a decrease of immune-stimulatory hormones, such as dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, prolactin, and growth hormone during infection. These endocrine changes result in reduced proinflammatory cytokine production, increased regulatory/effector T cell ratio, and thymus atrophy. The sympathetic activity in the spleen of infected mice is also markedly reduced. However, the residual sympathetic activity can modulate the immune response to the parasite, as shown by increased mortality and production of proinflammatory cytokines in sympathetically denervated, infected mice. The outcome of the neuroendocrine response is the moderation of the intensity of the immune response to the parasite, an effect that results in delayed mortality in susceptible mice, and favors the course toward chronicity in more resistant animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Roggero
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Immunology of Rosario, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Adriana Del Rey
- Research Group Immunophysiology, Division of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Wildmann
- Research Group Immunophysiology, Division of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hugo Besedovsky
- Research Group Immunophysiology, Division of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Marburg, Germany
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22
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Liu Z, Su DM, Yu ZL, Wu F, Liu RF, Luo SQ, Lv ZY, Zeng X, Sun X, Wu ZD. Soluble antigens from the neurotropic pathogen Angiostrongylus cantonensis directly induce thymus atrophy in a mouse model. Oncotarget 2018; 8:48575-48590. [PMID: 28548945 PMCID: PMC5564709 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis (A.C.) is a neurotropic pathogen; stage-III larva invade the human (non-permissive host) central nervous system (CNS) to cause eosinophilic meningitis or meningoencephalitis accompanied by immunosuppression. In an A.C.-infectedmouse (another non-permissive host) model, CNS damage-associated T cell immune deficiency and severe inflammation were proposed to result from activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. However, glucocorticoids are anti-inflammatory agents. Additionally, while defects in thymic stromal/epithelial cells (TECs) are the major reason for thymic atrophy, TECs do not express the glucocorticoid receptor. Therefore, activation of the HPA axis cannot fully explain the thymic atrophy and inflammation. Using an A.C.-infected mouse model, we found that A.C.-infected mice developed severe thymic atrophy with dramatic impairments in thymocytes and TECs, particularly cortical TECs, which harbor CD4+CD8+ double-positive thymocytes. The impairments resulted from soluble antigens (sAgs) from A.C. in the thymuses of infected mice, as intrathymic injection of these sAgs into live mice and the addition of these sAgs to thymic cell culture resulted in thymic atrophy and cellular apoptosis, respectively. Therefore, in addition to an indirect effect on thymocytes through the HPA axis, our study reveals a novel mechanism by which A.C. infection in non-permissive hosts directly induces defects in both thymocytes and TECs via soluble antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-Vectors Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Ming Su
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Zi-Long Yu
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-Vectors Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-Vectors Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui-Feng Liu
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Qi Luo
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-Vectors Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Yue Lv
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-Vectors Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-Vectors Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Sun
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-Vectors Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Dao Wu
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-Vectors Control, Guangzhou, China
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