1
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Ayasoufi K, Wolf DM, Namen SL, Jin F, Tritz ZP, Pfaller CK, Zheng J, Goddery EN, Fain CE, Gulbicki LR, Borchers AL, Reesman RA, Yokanovich LT, Maynes MA, Bamkole MA, Khadka RH, Hansen MJ, Wu LJ, Johnson AJ. Brain resident memory T cells rapidly expand and initiate neuroinflammatory responses following CNS viral infection. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 112:51-76. [PMID: 37236326 PMCID: PMC10527492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The contribution of circulating verses tissue resident memory T cells (TRMs) to clinical neuropathology is an enduring question due to a lack of mechanistic insights. The prevailing view is TRMs are protective against pathogens in the brain. However, the extent to which antigen-specific TRMs induce neuropathology upon reactivation is understudied. Using the described phenotype of TRMs, we found that brains of naïve mice harbor populations of CD69+ CD103- T cells. Notably, numbers of CD69+ CD103- TRMs rapidly increase following neurological insults of various origins. This TRM expansion precedes infiltration of virus antigen-specific CD8 T cells and is due to proliferation of T cells within the brain. We next evaluated the capacity of antigen-specific TRMs in the brain to induce significant neuroinflammation post virus clearance, including infiltration of inflammatory myeloid cells, activation of T cells in the brain, microglial activation, and significant blood brain barrier disruption. These neuroinflammatory events were induced by TRMs, as depletion of peripheral T cells or blocking T cell trafficking using FTY720 did not change the neuroinflammatory course. Depletion of all CD8 T cells, however, completely abrogated the neuroinflammatory response. Reactivation of antigen-specific TRMs in the brain also induced profound lymphopenia within the blood compartment. We have therefore determined that antigen-specific TRMs can induce significant neuroinflammation, neuropathology, and peripheral immunosuppression. The use of cognate antigen to reactivate CD8 TRMs enables us to isolate the neuropathologic effects induced by this cell type independently of other branches of immunological memory, differentiating this work from studies employing whole pathogen re-challenge. This study also demonstrates the capacity for CD8 TRMs to contribute to pathology associated with neurodegenerative disorders and long-term complications associated with viral infections. Understanding functions of brain TRMs is crucial in investigating their role in neurodegenerative disorders including MS, CNS cancers, and long-term complications associated with viral infections including COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Delaney M Wolf
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Shelby L Namen
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Fang Jin
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Zachariah P Tritz
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, United States; Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Christian K Pfaller
- Mayo Clinic Department of Molecular Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States; Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Jiaying Zheng
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, United States; Mayo Clinic Department of Neurology, Rochester, MN, United States; Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Emma N Goddery
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, United States; Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Cori E Fain
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, United States; Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Anna L Borchers
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, United States; Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Lila T Yokanovich
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, United States; Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Mark A Maynes
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, United States; Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Michael A Bamkole
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Roman H Khadka
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, United States; Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Michael J Hansen
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Long-Jun Wu
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, United States; Mayo Clinic Department of Neurology, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Aaron J Johnson
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, United States; Mayo Clinic Department of Molecular Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States; Mayo Clinic Department of Neurology, Rochester, MN, United States.
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2
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Manriquez Roman C, Sakemura RL, Kimball BL, Jin F, Khadka RH, Adada MM, Siegler EL, Johnson AJ, Kenderian SS. Assessment of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell-Associated Toxicities Using an Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patient-derived Xenograft Mouse Model. J Vis Exp 2023:10.3791/64535. [PMID: 36847405 PMCID: PMC10600946 DOI: 10.3791/64535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CART) cell therapy has emerged as a powerful tool for the treatment of multiple types of CD19+ malignancies, which has led to the recent FDA approval of several CD19-targeted CART (CART19) cell therapies. However, CART cell therapy is associated with a unique set of toxicities that carry their own morbidity and mortality. This includes cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neuroinflammation (NI). The use of preclinical mouse models has been crucial in the research and development of CART technology for assessing both CART efficacy and CART toxicity. The available preclinical models to test this adoptive cellular immunotherapy include syngeneic, xenograft, transgenic, and humanized mouse models. There is no single model that seamlessly mirrors the human immune system, and each model has strengths and weaknesses. This methods paper aims to describe a patient-derived xenograft model using leukemic blasts from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia as a strategy to assess CART19-associated toxicities, CRS, and NI. This model has been shown to recapitulate CART19-associated toxicities as well as therapeutic efficacy as seen in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Manriquez Roman
- T Cell Engineering Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester; Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester; Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester; Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester; Regenerative Sciences PhD Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester
| | - R Leo Sakemura
- T Cell Engineering Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester; Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester
| | - Brooke L Kimball
- T Cell Engineering Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester; Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester
| | - Fang Jin
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester
| | | | - Mohamad M Adada
- T Cell Engineering Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester; Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester
| | - Elizabeth L Siegler
- T Cell Engineering Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester; Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester
| | | | - Saad S Kenderian
- T Cell Engineering Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester; Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester;
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3
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Zhang X, Pearsall VM, Carver CM, Atkinson EJ, Clarkson BDS, Grund EM, Baez-Faria M, Pavelko KD, Kachergus JM, White TA, Johnson RK, Malo CS, Gonzalez-Suarez AM, Ayasoufi K, Johnson KO, Tritz ZP, Fain CE, Khadka RH, Ogrodnik M, Jurk D, Zhu Y, Tchkonia T, Revzin A, Kirkland JL, Johnson AJ, Howe CL, Thompson EA, LeBrasseur NK, Schafer MJ. Rejuvenation of the aged brain immune cell landscape in mice through p16-positive senescent cell clearance. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5671. [PMID: 36167854 PMCID: PMC9515187 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33226-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a plausible mediator of inflammation-related tissue dysfunction. In the aged brain, senescent cell identities and the mechanisms by which they exert adverse influence are unclear. Here we used high-dimensional molecular profiling, coupled with mechanistic experiments, to study the properties of senescent cells in the aged mouse brain. We show that senescence and inflammatory expression profiles increase with age and are brain region- and sex-specific. p16-positive myeloid cells exhibiting senescent and disease-associated activation signatures, including upregulation of chemoattractant factors, accumulate in the aged mouse brain. Senescent brain myeloid cells promote peripheral immune cell chemotaxis in vitro. Activated resident and infiltrating immune cells increase in the aged brain and are partially restored to youthful levels through p16-positive senescent cell clearance in female p16-InkAttac mice, which is associated with preservation of cognitive function. Our study reveals dynamic remodeling of the brain immune cell landscape in aging and suggests senescent cell targeting as a strategy to counter inflammatory changes and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Chase M Carver
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Atkinson
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Benjamin D S Clarkson
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ethan M Grund
- Mayo Graduate School and Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michelle Baez-Faria
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Jennifer M Kachergus
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Thomas A White
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kurt O Johnson
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Cori E Fain
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Roman H Khadka
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mikolaj Ogrodnik
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Ludwig Boltzmann Research Group Senescence and Healing of Wounds, Vienna, Austria
| | - Diana Jurk
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yi Zhu
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alexander Revzin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Charles L Howe
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Experimental Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - E Aubrey Thompson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Nathan K LeBrasseur
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Marissa J Schafer
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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4
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Goddery EN, Fain CE, Lipovsky CG, Ayasoufi K, Yokanovich LT, Malo CS, Khadka RH, Tritz ZP, Jin F, Hansen MJ, Johnson AJ. Microglia and Perivascular Macrophages Act as Antigen Presenting Cells to Promote CD8 T Cell Infiltration of the Brain. Front Immunol 2021; 12:726421. [PMID: 34526998 PMCID: PMC8435747 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.726421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8 T cell infiltration of the central nervous system (CNS) is necessary for host protection but contributes to neuropathology. Antigen presenting cells (APCs) situated at CNS borders are thought to mediate T cell entry into the parenchyma during neuroinflammation. The identity of the CNS-resident APC that presents antigen via major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I to CD8 T cells is unknown. Herein, we characterize MHC class I expression in the naïve and virally infected brain and identify microglia and macrophages (CNS-myeloid cells) as APCs that upregulate H-2Kb and H-2Db upon infection. Conditional ablation of H-2Kb and H-2Db from CNS-myeloid cells allowed us to determine that antigen presentation via H-2Db, but not H-2Kb, was required for CNS immune infiltration during Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection and drives brain atrophy as a consequence of infection. These results demonstrate that CNS-myeloid cells are key APCs mediating CD8 T cell brain infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma N. Goddery
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Cori E. Fain
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Chloe G. Lipovsky
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Lila T. Yokanovich
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Courtney S. Malo
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Roman H. Khadka
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Zachariah P. Tritz
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Fang Jin
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Aaron J. Johnson
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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5
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Sakemura R, Bansal A, Siegler EL, Hefazi M, Yang N, Khadka RH, Newsom AN, Hansen MJ, Cox MJ, Manriquez Roman C, Schick KJ, Can I, Tapper EE, Nevala WK, Adada MM, Bezerra ED, Kankeu Fonkoua LA, Horvei P, Ruff MW, Parikh SA, Pandey MK, DeGrado TR, Suksanpaisan L, Kay NE, Peng KW, Russell SJ, Kenderian SS. Development of a Clinically Relevant Reporter for Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Expansion, Trafficking, and Toxicity. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:1035-1046. [PMID: 34244299 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although chimeric antigen receptor T (CART)-cell therapy has been successful in treating certain hematologic malignancies, wider adoption of CART-cell therapy is limited because of minimal activity in solid tumors and development of life-threatening toxicities, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS). There is a lack of a robust, clinically relevant imaging platform to monitor in vivo expansion and trafficking to tumor sites. To address this, we utilized the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) as a platform to image and track CART cells. We engineered CD19-directed and B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-directed CART cells to express NIS (NIS+CART19 and NIS+BCMA-CART, respectively) and tested the sensitivity of 18F-TFB-PET to detect trafficking and expansion in systemic and localized tumor models and in a CART-cell toxicity model. NIS+CART19 and NIS+BCMA-CART cells were generated through dual transduction with two vectors and demonstrated exclusive 125I uptake in vitro. 18F-TFB-PET detected NIS+CART cells in vivo to a sensitivity level of 40,000 cells. 18F-TFB-PET confirmed NIS+BCMA-CART-cell trafficking to the tumor sites in localized and systemic tumor models. In a xenograft model for CART-cell toxicity, 18F-TFB-PET revealed significant systemic uptake, correlating with CART-cell in vivo expansion, cytokine production, and development of CRS-associated clinical symptoms. NIS provides a sensitive, clinically applicable platform for CART-cell imaging with PET scan. 18F-TFB-PET detected CART-cell trafficking to tumor sites and in vivo expansion, correlating with the development of clinical and laboratory markers of CRS. These studies demonstrate a noninvasive, clinically relevant method to assess CART-cell functions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reona Sakemura
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Aditya Bansal
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Elizabeth L Siegler
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mehrdad Hefazi
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Nan Yang
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Infectious Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Roman H Khadka
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Alysha N Newsom
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Michelle J Cox
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Claudia Manriquez Roman
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kendall J Schick
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ismail Can
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Erin E Tapper
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Wendy K Nevala
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mohamad M Adada
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Evandro D Bezerra
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Paulina Horvei
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Division of Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplant, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Michael W Ruff
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | | | | | - Neil E Kay
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kah-Whye Peng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Stephen J Russell
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Saad S Kenderian
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. .,Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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6
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Ayasoufi K, Pfaller CK, Evgin L, Khadka RH, Tritz ZP, Goddery EN, Fain CE, Yokanovich LT, Himes BT, Jin F, Zheng J, Schuelke MR, Hansen MJ, Tung W, Parney IF, Pease LR, Vile RG, Johnson AJ. Brain cancer induces systemic immunosuppression through release of non-steroid soluble mediators. Brain 2020; 143:3629-3652. [PMID: 33253355 PMCID: PMC7954397 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppression of unknown aetiology is a hallmark feature of glioblastoma and is characterized by decreased CD4 T-cell counts and downregulation of major histocompatibility complex class II expression on peripheral blood monocytes in patients. This immunosuppression is a critical barrier to the successful development of immunotherapies for glioblastoma. We recapitulated the immunosuppression observed in glioblastoma patients in the C57BL/6 mouse and investigated the aetiology of low CD4 T-cell counts. We determined that thymic involution was a hallmark feature of immunosuppression in three distinct models of brain cancer, including mice harbouring GL261 glioma, B16 melanoma, and in a spontaneous model of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. In addition to thymic involution, we determined that tumour growth in the brain induced significant splenic involution, reductions in peripheral T cells, reduced MHC II expression on blood leucocytes, and a modest increase in bone marrow resident CD4 T cells. Using parabiosis we report that thymic involution, declines in peripheral T-cell counts, and reduced major histocompatibility complex class II expression levels were mediated through circulating blood-derived factors. Conversely, T-cell sequestration in the bone marrow was not governed through circulating factors. Serum isolated from glioma-bearing mice potently inhibited proliferation and functions of T cells both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, the factor responsible for immunosuppression in serum is non-steroidal and of high molecular weight. Through further analysis of neurological disease models, we determined that the immunosuppression was not unique to cancer itself, but rather occurs in response to brain injury. Non-cancerous acute neurological insults also induced significant thymic involution and rendered serum immunosuppressive. Both thymic involution and serum-derived immunosuppression were reversible upon clearance of brain insults. These findings demonstrate that brain cancers cause multifaceted immunosuppression and pinpoint circulating factors as a target of intervention to restore immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian K Pfaller
- Mayo Clinic Department of Molecular Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Langen, Germany
| | - Laura Evgin
- Mayo Clinic Department of Molecular Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Roman H Khadka
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Zachariah P Tritz
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Emma N Goddery
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Cori E Fain
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lila T Yokanovich
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Benjamin T Himes
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Department of Neurologic Surgery, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Fang Jin
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jiaying Zheng
- Mayo Clinic Department of Molecular Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Matthew R Schuelke
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Department of Molecular Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Wesley Tung
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ian F Parney
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Department of Neurologic Surgery, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Larry R Pease
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Richard G Vile
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Department of Molecular Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Aaron J Johnson
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Department of Molecular Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Department of Neurology, Rochester, MN, USA
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7
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Tritz ZP, Orozco RC, Malo CS, Ayasoufi K, Fain CE, Khadka RH, Goddery EN, Yokanovich LT, Settell ML, Hansen MJ, Jin F, Pavelko KD, Pease LR, Johnson AJ. Conditional Silencing of H-2D b Class I Molecule Expression Modulates the Protective and Pathogenic Kinetics of Virus-Antigen-Specific CD8 T Cell Responses during Theiler's Virus Infection. J Immunol 2020; 205:1228-1238. [PMID: 32737149 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection of the CNS is cleared in C57BL/6 mice by a CD8 T cell response restricted by the MHC class I molecule H-2Db The identity and function of the APC(s) involved in the priming of this T cell response is (are) poorly defined. To address this gap in knowledge, we developed an H-2Db LoxP-transgenic mouse system using otherwise MHC class I-deficient C57BL/6 mice, thereby conditionally ablating MHC class I-restricted Ag presentation in targeted APC subpopulations. We observed that CD11c+ APCs are critical for early priming of CD8 T cells against the immunodominant TMEV peptide VP2121-130 Loss of H-2Db on CD11c+ APCs mitigates the CD8 T cell response, preventing early viral clearance and immunopathology associated with CD8 T cell activity in the CNS. In contrast, animals with H-2Db-deficient LysM+ APCs retained early priming of Db:VP2121-130 epitope-specific CD8 T cells, although a modest reduction in immune cell entry into the CNS was observed. This work establishes a model enabling the critical dissection of H-2Db-restricted Ag presentation to CD8 T cells, revealing cell-specific and temporal features involved in the generation of CD8 T cell responses. Employing this novel system, we establish CD11c+ cells as pivotal to the establishment of acute antiviral CD8 T cell responses against the TMEV immunodominant epitope VP2121-130, with functional implications both for T cell-mediated viral control and immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachariah P Tritz
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905.,Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Robin C Orozco
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905.,Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Courtney S Malo
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905.,Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN 55905
| | | | - Cori E Fain
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905.,Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Roman H Khadka
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905.,Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Emma N Goddery
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905.,Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Lila T Yokanovich
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905.,Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Megan L Settell
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905
| | | | - Fang Jin
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN 55905
| | | | - Larry R Pease
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN 55905.,Mayo Clinic Department of Biochemistry, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Aaron J Johnson
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN 55905; .,Mayo Clinic Department of Molecular Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905; and.,Mayo Clinic Department of Neurology, Rochester, MN 55905
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8
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Sakemura R, Suksanpaisan L, Khadka RH, Newsom AN, Hansen MJ, Hefazi M, Roman CM, Schick KJ, Tapper EE, Horvei P, Ruff MW, Parikh SA, Kay NE, Ruff KWM, Russell SJ, Kenderian SS. Development of a Sensitive and Efficient Reporter Platform for the Detection of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Expansion, Trafficking, and Toxicity. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2019.12.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Sakemura R, Cox MJ, Hefazi M, Hansen MJ, Khadka RH, Roman CM, Schick KJ, Tapper EE, Horvei P, Ruff MW, Walters DK, Parikh SA, Kay NE, Kenderian SS. Targeting Cancer Associated Fibroblasts in the Bone Marrow Prevents Resistance to Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy in Multiple Myeloma. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2019.12.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Ayasoufi K, K Pfaller C, H Khadka R, Jin F, Zheng J, R Schuelke M, Evgin L, J Hansen M, T Himes B, E Fain C, P Tritz Z, N Goddery E, T Yokanovich L, R Pease L, G Vile R, J Johnson A. SCIDOT-34. BRAIN INJURY SIGNALS SYSTEMIC IMMUNOSUPPRESSION THROUGH THYMIC INVOLUTION. Neuro Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz175.1170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Systemic immunosuppression following neurological insults including stroke, traumatic brain injury, and glioblastoma (GBM) causes mortality and leads to failure of immune-modulating therapies. Exact immunological nature and the underlying mechanisms of this immunosuppression are unknown. Our goal was to define effects of neurological insults given exclusively to the brain on the thymus. The thymus is the primary immune organ responsible for T-cell development and maintenance both in children and in adults. We evaluated the brain-thymus communication using the following neurological insults: physical injury, CNS viral infection, sterile injury, tumor implantation, and seizures. All insults resulted in significant thymic involution that was reversible upon clearance of the insult. Thymic involution did not occur following similar peripheral insults. We next demonstrated that the GL261 model of GBM recapitulates hallmark features of peripheral immunosuppression observed in GBM patients including low CD4 T-cell counts. Thus, we aimed to further study the immunosuppression affecting the thymus in this clinically relevant model. Principle component analysis following RNA-sequencing of thymi from naïve and glioma-bearing mice revealed unbiased separation of the groups suggesting that the thymus is directly affected by a brain tumor. To determine the extent to which thymic involution was caused by a soluble factor we employed parabiosis. We demonstrated that thymic involution was transferable from glioma-bearing to non-tumor-bearing parabionts. Similarly, serum taken from GL261 glioma-bearing mice potently inhibited proliferation of T-cells in vitro. Together our data demonstrate that CNS-specific insults, regardless of nature, cause immunosuppression by prompting thymic involution through circulating factors. This accounts at least partially for immune deficiencies observed following neurological injuries. Identification of this suppressive factor is crucial in designing future therapeutics for GBM patients, and patients with other acute and chronic neurological trauma.
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11
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Khadka RH, Sakemura R, Kenderian SS, Johnson AJ. Management of cytokine release syndrome: an update on emerging antigen-specific T cell engaging immunotherapies. Immunotherapy 2019; 11:851-857. [PMID: 31161844 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2019-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roman H Khadka
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Reona Sakemura
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Saad S Kenderian
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Aaron J Johnson
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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12
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Ayasoufi K, Pfaller CK, Khadka RH, Jin F, Johnson AJ. Brain-Thymus communication is a novel immunosuppressive feature of neurological insults. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.183.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Systemic immunosuppression following neurological insults including stroke, traumatic brain injury, and glioblastoma mutiforme (GBM) causes mortality and leads to failure of therapies. Exact immunological nature and the underlying mechanisms of this immunosuppression are unknown. Our goal was to define effects of neurological insults given exclusively to the brain on the thymus; a primary immune organ. Specifically, we evaluated the effects on the thymus following physical injury with intracranial PBS injection, intracranial (ic) Theiler’s Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus infection, intracranial injection with lipopolysaccharide, CNS tumors (B16 melanoma and GL261 glioma ic), and seizure induction with intraperitoneal Kainic acid injection. These insults resulted in significant thymic involution that is reversible upon clearance of the neurological insult. The extent of thymic involution correlated with the extent of brain injury. Further analysis of the brain-thymus axis in mice with GL261 gliomas was conducted using RNA-Seq. Principle component analysis of RNA-Seq data revealed unbiased separation of thymi of naïve and glioma harboring mice, suggesting that thymus is directly affected by brain injury. To determine the extent to which thymic involution was caused by a soluble factor, we employed parabiosis. This approach demonstrated a soluble factor is responsible for thymic involution. These findings are the first demonstration that neurological insults ubiquitously contribute to immune suppression. We also provide evidence that thymic involution is mediated by a soluble factor, the identification of which could be critical for ameliorating the effect of neurological injuries on immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fang Jin
- 4Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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13
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Malo CS, Khadka RH, Ayasoufi K, Jin F, AbouChehade JE, Hansen MJ, Iezzi R, Pavelko KD, Johnson AJ. Immunomodulation Mediated by Anti-angiogenic Therapy Improves CD8 T Cell Immunity Against Experimental Glioma. Front Oncol 2018; 8:320. [PMID: 30211113 PMCID: PMC6124655 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal cancer of the central nervous system with a median survival rate of 15 months with treatment. Thus, there is a critical need to develop novel therapies for GBM. Immunotherapy is emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy. However, current therapies for GBM, in particular anti-angiogenic therapies that block vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), may have undefined consequences on the efficacy of immunotherapy. While this treatment is primarily prescribed to reduce tumor vascularization, multiple immune cell types also express VEGF receptors, including the most potent antigen-presenting cell, the dendritic cell (DC). Therefore, we assessed the role of anti-VEGF therapy in modifying DC function. We found that VEGF blockade results in a more mature DC phenotype in the brain, as demonstrated by an increase in the expression of the co-stimulatory molecules B7-1, B7-2, and MHC II. Furthermore, we observed reduced levels of the exhaustion markers PD-1 and Tim-3 on brain-infiltrating CD8 T cells, indicating improved functionality. Thus, anti-angiogenic therapy has the potential to be used in conjunction with and enhance immunotherapy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney S Malo
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Roman H Khadka
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Fang Jin
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Michael J Hansen
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Raymond Iezzi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Kevin D Pavelko
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Aaron J Johnson
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Ayasoufi K, Khadka RH, Jin F, Malo CS, Desai N, Johnson AJ. Brain-Thymus communication as a novel immunosuppressive mechanism in the GL261 model of Glioblastoma. The Journal of Immunology 2018. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.178.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is incurable and among the most lethal of cancers. Immunotherapy for GBM is hampered by the fact that GBM patients are severely immunosuppressed with dangerously low T cell counts. Importantly, immunotherapy for GBM will be ineffective without defining the mechanism of immunosuppression. Given that GBM does not metastasize, we investigated the possibility of neuro-immune interactions using the GL261 glioma model in C57BL/6 mice. C57BL/6 mice harboring GL261 gliomas have abnormal thymuses which are acutely and significantly involuted compared to healthy control mice. Glioma bearing mice also have significant thymic atrophy which increases with tumor burden. Further structural analysis of the thymus in glioma bearing mice revealed disrupted thymic epithelial cells and reduced EPCAM+ cell expression of MHC II. Thymic subsets in tumor bearing mice were also developmentally skewed with increased generation of single positive T cells and a block at double negative 2 (DN2) to DN3 transition. Peripherally, MHCII expression was also significantly decreased in blood derived cells in glioma bearing mice. This correlated with an overall reduction in total CD4 T cell numbers. The results of this study demonstrate the GL261 model is recapitulating the immune suppression observed in GBM patients. These results also support the presence of a brain-thymus interaction that could negatively impact the development of immunotherapy strategies to treat GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nidhi Desai
- 2Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
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Khadka RH, Ayasoufi K, Jin F, Malo CS, Desai N, Johnson AJ. Non-cellular mechanism of peripheral immunosuppression as a novel feature in experimental glioblastoma. The Journal of Immunology 2018. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.58.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Peripheral immune suppression is a hallmark of highly malignant Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Given that effective immunotherapy for GBM relies on a functional immune system, it is crucial to define the underlying mechanism of peripheral immunosuppression. We therefore evaluated immunosuppression using the GL261 model of GBM. We first examined cytokine production by microglia and brain-infiltrating lymphocytes for immune suppressing factors. We observed relatively unchanged levels of IL-10 and TGF-β in glioma bearing mice compared to controls. Therefore, we next investigated cellular components of the blood for evidence of suppression. However, we did not observe enhanced frequencies of Tregs (Foxp3+ CD4+) in tumor bearing mice. Finally, we analyzed cytokine levels in the serum of mice harboring gliomas compared to glioma negative animals. This assay revealed fluctuations in chemokine and cytokine levels between these two groups, prompting the analysis of a potential serum derived factor in promoting immunosuppression. We therefore evaluated T cell activation and proliferation in the presence of serum isolated from glioma harboring mice and healthy controls. CFSE-labeled T cells stimulated with CD3/CD28 beads in the presence of glioma negative mouse serum had normal proliferation. In contrast, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation was completely inhibited when cultured with serum from glioma bearing mice. These studies demonstrate the importance of a serum derived factor in mediating immunosuppression. Defining and inhibiting this circulating factor could be the first step towards improving immunotherapy strategies for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nidhi Desai
- 1Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
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