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Nichols JM, Pham HV, Lee EF, Mahalingam R, Shepherd AJ. Single-cell analysis of age-related changes in leukocytes of diabetic mouse hindpaws. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:146. [PMID: 38502310 PMCID: PMC10951029 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05128-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Complications associated with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, such as diabetic peripheral neuropathy and diabetic foot ulcers, are a growing health-care concern. In addition, this concern increases as diabetic patients age due to their increased susceptibility to complications. To address this growing problem, it is important to understand fluctuations in physiology which lead to pathological changes associated with the metabolic disturbances of diabetes. Our study explores dysregulation of immune cell populations in the hindpaws of healthy and diabetic mice at 12 and 21 weeks of age using single-cell RNA sequencing to provide insight into immune disruptions occurring in the distal limb during chronic diabetes. In 21-week-old Leprdb/db mice, increases were seen in mast cells/basophils, dermal γδ T cells, heterogeneous T cells, and Type 2 innate lymphoid cells. In addition, macrophages represented the largest cluster of immune cells and showed the greatest increase in genes associated with immune-specific pathways. Sub-clustering of macrophages revealed a bias toward angiogenic Lyve1+MHCIIlo macrophages in the hindpaws of 21-week-old diabetic mice, which corresponded to an increase in Lyve1+ macrophages in the hindpaws of 21-week-old diabetic mice on histology. Our results show that in Type 2 diabetes, the immunological function and phenotype of multiple immune cell types shift not only with metabolic disturbance, but also with duration of disease, which may explain the increased susceptibility to pathologies of the distal limb in patients with more chronic diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Nichols
- The MD Anderson Pain Research Consortium and the Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1055, 6565 MD Anderson Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hoang Vu Pham
- The MD Anderson Pain Research Consortium and the Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1055, 6565 MD Anderson Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Eric F Lee
- The MD Anderson Pain Research Consortium and the Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1055, 6565 MD Anderson Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rajasekaran Mahalingam
- The MD Anderson Pain Research Consortium and the Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1055, 6565 MD Anderson Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Andrew J Shepherd
- The MD Anderson Pain Research Consortium and the Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1055, 6565 MD Anderson Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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2
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Touil H, Li R, Zuroff L, Moore CS, Healy L, Cignarella F, Piccio L, Ludwin S, Prat A, Gommerman J, Bennett FC, Jacobs D, Benjamins JA, Lisak RP, Antel JP, Bar-Or A. Cross-talk between B cells, microglia and macrophages, and implications to central nervous system compartmentalized inflammation and progressive multiple sclerosis. EBioMedicine 2023; 96:104789. [PMID: 37703640 PMCID: PMC10505984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND B cells can be enriched within meningeal immune-cell aggregates of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, adjacent to subpial cortical demyelinating lesions now recognized as important contributors to progressive disease. This subpial demyelination is notable for a 'surface-in' gradient of neuronal loss and microglial activation, potentially reflecting the effects of soluble factors secreted into the CSF. We previously demonstrated that MS B-cell secreted products are toxic to oligodendrocytes and neurons. The potential for B-cell-myeloid cell interactions to propagate progressive MS is of considerable interest. METHODS Secreted products of MS-implicated pro-inflammatory effector B cells or IL-10-expressing B cells with regulatory potential were applied to human brain-derived microglia or monocyte-derived macrophages, with subsequent assessment of myeloid phenotype and function through measurement of their expression of pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and homeostatic/quiescent molecules, and phagocytosis (using flow cytometry, ELISA and fluorescently-labeled myelin). Effects of secreted products of differentially activated microglia on B-cell survival and activation were further studied. FINDINGS Secreted products of MS-implicated pro-inflammatory B cells (but not IL-10 expressing B cells) substantially induce pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-12, IL-6, TNFα) expression by both human microglia and macrophage (in a GM-CSF dependent manner), while down-regulating their expression of IL-10 and of quiescence-associated molecules, and suppressing their myelin phagocytosis. In contrast, secreted products of IL-10 expressing B cells upregulate both human microglia and macrophage expression of quiescence-associated molecules and enhance their myelin phagocytosis. Secreted factors from pro-inflammatory microglia enhance B-cell activation. INTERPRETATION Potential cross-talk between disease-relevant human B-cell subsets and both resident CNS microglia and infiltrating macrophages may propagate CNS-compartmentalized inflammation and injury associated with MS disease progression. These interaction represents an attractive therapeutic target for agents such as Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) that modulate responses of both B cells and myeloid cells. FUNDING Stated in Acknowledgments section of manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Touil
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leah Zuroff
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Craig S Moore
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Luke Healy
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada
| | - Francesca Cignarella
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Laura Piccio
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Samuel Ludwin
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Université de Montréal Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM) and Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Jennifer Gommerman
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Frederick C Bennett
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dina Jacobs
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joyce A Benjamins
- Departments of Neurology and Biochemistry, Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Robert P Lisak
- Departments of Neurology and Biochemistry, Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jack P Antel
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada
| | - Amit Bar-Or
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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3
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Michée-Cospolite M, Boudigou M, Grasseau A, Simon Q, Mignen O, Pers JO, Cornec D, Le Pottier L, Hillion S. Molecular Mechanisms Driving IL-10- Producing B Cells Functions: STAT3 and c-MAF as Underestimated Central Key Regulators? Front Immunol 2022; 13:818814. [PMID: 35359922 PMCID: PMC8961445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.818814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) have been highlighted in very different pathology settings including autoimmune diseases, allergy, graft rejection, and cancer. Improving tools for the characterization of Bregs has become the main objective especially in humans. Transitional, mature B cells and plasma cells can differentiate into IL-10 producing Bregs in both mice and humans, suggesting that Bregs are not derived from unique precursors but may arise from different competent progenitors at unrestricted development stages. Moreover, in addition to IL-10 production, regulatory B cells used a broad range of suppressing mechanisms to modulate the immune response. Although Bregs have been consistently described in the literature, only a few reports described the molecular aspects that control the acquisition of the regulatory function. In this manuscript, we detailed the latest reports describing the control of IL-10, TGFβ, and GZMB production in different Breg subsets at the molecular level. We focused on the understanding of the role of the transcription factors STAT3 and c-MAF in controlling IL-10 production in murine and human B cells and how these factors may represent an important crossroad of several key drivers of the Breg response. Finally, we provided original data supporting the evidence that MAF is expressed in human IL-10- producing plasmablast and could be induced in vitro following different stimulation cocktails. At steady state, we reported that MAF is expressed in specific human B-cell tonsillar subsets including the IgD+ CD27+ unswitched population, germinal center cells and plasmablast.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Divi Cornec
- U1227, LBAI, Univ Brest, Inserm, and CHU Brest, Brest, France
| | | | - Sophie Hillion
- U1227, LBAI, Univ Brest, Inserm, and CHU Brest, Brest, France
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4
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Restimulia L, Ilyas S, Munir D, Putra A, Madiadipoera T, Farhat F, Sembiring RJ, Ichwan M, Amalina ND, Alif I. The CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Regulatory T Cells Regulated by MSCs Suppress Plasma Cells in a Mouse Model of Allergic Rhinitis. Med Arch 2021; 75:256-261. [PMID: 34759444 PMCID: PMC8563054 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2021.75.256-261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is the most common immunological disease that has been associated with inflammatory responses and is characterized by sneezing. Previous studies found that AR's allergen exposure significantly induces plasma cells and reduces regulatory T (Treg) cells, a population that contributes to control AR. Therefore, upregulating Treg expression can regulate plasma cells leading to inhibit sneezing in AR. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that have the immunoregulatory and antiinflammation ability by secreting various cytokines including IL-10 and TGF-β which potent as a promising therapeutic modality for allergic airway diseases, including AR. Objective: To investigate the role of MSCs in generating CD4+, CD25+, and Foxp3+ Regulatory T cells associated with suppressing plasma cell in AR model. Methods: In this study, fifteen male Wistar rats (6 to 8 weeks old) were randomly divided into three groups (control group, sham group, and MSCs treatment group). OVA nasal challenge was conducted daily from day 15 to 21, and MSCs (1x106) were administrated intraperitoneally to OVA-sensitized rats on day 21. Sneezing was observed from day 22 to 28. The rats were sacrificed on day 22 and day 28. The expression of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ in Treg and plasma cells was analyzed by flow cytometry assay. Results: This study showed that the percentage of plasma cell and sneezing times significantly decreased in MSCs treatment. This finding was aligned with the significant increase of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg level. Conclusion: MSCs administration suppress plasma cells population and sneezing times by up regulating Treg to control AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Restimulia
- Departement of Doctoral Degree Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia.,Departement of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Syafruddin Ilyas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Delfitri Munir
- Departement of Doctoral Degree Program, faculty of medicine, universitas sumatera utara, Medan, Indonesia.,Departement of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Medan, Indonesia.,Pusat Unggulan Inovasi (PUI) Stem Cell, Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU), Medan, Indonesia
| | - Agung Putra
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research (SCCR), Medical Faculty, Sultan Agung Islamic University (UNISSULA), Semarang, Indonesia.,Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Sultan Agung Islamic University (UNISSULA), Semarang, Indonesia.,Department of Postgraduate Biomedical Science, Medical Faculty, Sultan Agung Islamic University (UNISSULA), Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Teti Madiadipoera
- Departement of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Farhat Farhat
- Departement of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Rosita Juwita Sembiring
- Departement of Doctoral Degree Program, faculty of medicine, universitas sumatera utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Ichwan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Nur Dina Amalina
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research (SCCR), Medical Faculty, Sultan Agung Islamic University (UNISSULA), Semarang, Indonesia.,Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Iffan Alif
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research (SCCR), Medical Faculty, Sultan Agung Islamic University (UNISSULA), Semarang, Indonesia
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5
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Huai G, Markmann JF, Deng S, Rickert CG. TGF-β-secreting regulatory B cells: unsung players in immune regulation. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1270. [PMID: 33815797 PMCID: PMC8017464 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B cells contribute to the regulation of immune responses in cancer, autoimmune disorders, allergic conditions and inflammatory diseases. Although most studies focus on regulatory B lymphocytes expressing interleukin-10, there is growing evidence that B cells producing transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) can also regulate T-cell immunity in inflammatory diseases and promote the emergence of regulatory T cells that contribute to the induction and maintenance of natural and induced immune tolerance. Most research on TGF-β+ regulatory B cells has been conducted in models of allergy, cancer and autoimmune diseases, but there has, as yet, been limited scrutiny of their role in the transplant setting. Herein, we review recent investigations seeking to understand how TGF-β-producing B cells direct the immune response in various inflammatory diseases and whether these regulatory cells may have a role in fostering tolerance in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Huai
- Organ Transplantation Center Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China.,Center for Transplantation Sciences Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - James F Markmann
- Center for Transplantation Sciences Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Shaoping Deng
- Organ Transplantation Center Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China
| | - Charles Gerard Rickert
- Center for Transplantation Sciences Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
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6
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Use of Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) Ligation to Characterize Human Regulatory B-Cells Subsets. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2270:235-261. [PMID: 33479902 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1237-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which constitute key components in the recognition of pathogens, thereby initiating innate immune responses and promoting adaptive immune responses. In B cells, TLR ligation is important for their activation and, together with CD40, for their differentiation. TLR ligands are also strong promoters of regulatory B (Breg)-cell development, by enhancing the production of IL-10 and their capacity to induce tolerance. In inflammatory diseases, such as autoimmunity or allergies, Breg-cell function is often impaired, while in chronic infections, such as with helminths, or cancer, Breg-cell function is boosted. Following pathogen exposure, B cells can respond directly by producing cytokines and/or IgM (innate response) and develop into various memory B (Bmem)-cell subsets with class-switched immunoglobulin receptors. Depending on the disease state or chronic infection conditions, various Breg subsets can be recognized as well. Currently, a large array of surface markers is known to distinguish between these large range of B-cell subsets. In recent years, the development of mass cytometers and spectral flow cytometry has allowed for high-dimensional detection of up to 48 markers, including both surface and intracellular/intranuclear markers. Therefore, this novel technology is highly suitable to provide a comprehensive overview of Bmem/Breg-cell subsets in different disease states and/or in clinical intervention trials. Here, we provide detailed instructions of the steps necessary to obtain high-quality data for high-dimensional analysis of multiple human Breg-cell subsets using various TLR ligands.
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7
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Treptow S, Grün J, Scholz J, Radbruch A, Heine G, Worm M. 9-cis Retinoic acid and 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 drive differentiation into IgA + secreting plasmablasts in human naïve B cells. Eur J Immunol 2020; 51:125-137. [PMID: 33107588 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Calcitriol and 9-cis retinoic acid (9cRA) play a fundamental role in shaping the adaptive immune response by altering the Ig profile and the differentiation of B cells, controlled by their corresponding nuclear receptors, VDR and RAR. Herein, after the establishment of a plasmablast differentiation culture, we investigated how both ligands modulate human naïve B cell differentiation and to which extent VDR/RXR and RAR/RXR signaling interferes. Calcitriol and 9cRA mediated activation of purified naïve B cells resulted in a strong differentiation of CD27+ CD38+ plasmablasts and antibody secretion. The significant IgA response was preceded by a strong induction of α-germline transcription (GLT). Induction of αGLT and consecutively IgA secretion driven by calcitriol is a novel observation and we show by magnetic chromatin IP that this was mediated by recruitment of the VDR to the TGF-β promoter thus inducing TGF-β expression. Finally, as revealed by transcriptomic profiling calcitriol and 9cRA modulate several signals required for differentiation and isotype switching in a noncompeting but rather additive manner. Calcitriol and 9cRA participate in the control of the IgA response in human activated naïve B cells. The balance between both ligands may be an important factor in channeling humoral immune responses toward a protective direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Treptow
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Grün
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josephine Scholz
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Guido Heine
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Margitta Worm
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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8
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Sotiropoulos MG, Chitnis T. Opposing and potentially antagonistic effects of BMP and TGF-β in multiple sclerosis: The "Yin and Yang" of neuro-immune Signaling. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 347:577358. [PMID: 32795734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMP) and Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) are cytokines with similar receptors and messengers. They are important for immune cell function, with BMPs exerting mainly proinflammatory but also anti-inflammatory effects, and TGF-β suppressing inflammation. Patients with Multiple Sclerosis exhibit BMP overactivity and suppressed TGF-β signaling. This dysregulated signaling participates in the crosstalk between infiltrating immune cells and glia, where BMP inhibits remyelination. Reciprocal antagonism between the two pathways takes place via a variety of mechanisms. Although this antagonism has not been studied in the setting of Multiple Sclerosis, it could inform further research and treatment discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinos G Sotiropoulos
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Tanuja Chitnis
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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9
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Wang L, Fu Y, Yu B, Jiang X, Liu H, Liu J, Zha B, Chu Y. HSP70, a Novel Regulatory Molecule in B Cell-Mediated Suppression of Autoimmune Diseases. J Mol Biol 2020; 433:166634. [PMID: 32860772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
B cells have recently emerged as playing regulatory role in autoimmune diseases. We have previously demonstrated that human peripheral blood CD19+CD24hiCD27+ B cells have regulatory function both in healthy donors and in patients with autoimmune disease. However, the mechanism of this regulation is still not fully understood. In this study, microarrays were utilized to compare gene expression of CD19+CD24hiCD27+ B cells (regulatory B cells, Bregs) with CD19+CD24loCD27- B cells (non-Bregs) in human peripheral blood. We found that heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression was significantly upregulated in Bregs. In vitro studies explored that HSP70 inhibition impaired the regulatory function of peripheral blood Bregs. In mouse models of autoimmune disease, using HSP70-deficient mice or HSP70 inhibitors, Bregs suppressed effector cells and rescued disease-associated phenotypes that were dependent on HSP70. Mechanistically, Bregs secreted HSP70, directly suppressing effector cells, such as T effect cells. These findings reveal that HSP70 is a novel factor that modulates Breg function and suggest that enhancing Breg-mediated production of HSP70 could be a viable therapy for autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luman Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Baichao Yu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xuechao Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongchun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingbing Zha
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yiwei Chu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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10
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TGFβ Superfamily Members as Regulators of B Cell Development and Function-Implications for Autoimmunity. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123928. [PMID: 30544541 PMCID: PMC6321615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The TGFβ superfamily is composed of more than 33 growth and differentiation factors, including TGFβ1, β2, β3, BMPs, GDFs, nodal-related proteins, and activins. These members usually exert pleiotropic actions on several tissues and control multiple cellular processes, such as cell growth, cell survival, cell migration, cell fate specification, and differentiation, both during embryonic development and postnatal life. Although the effects of these factors on immune responses were elucidated long ago, most studies have been focused on the actions of TGFβs on T cells, as major regulators of adaptive immunity. In this review, we discuss new findings about the involvement of TGFβ superfamily members in the control of B cell development and function. Moreover, the potential contribution of TGFβ signaling to control B cell-mediated autoimmune diseases and its utility in the design of new therapies are also discussed.
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11
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Komai T, Okamura T, Inoue M, Yamamoto K, Fujio K. Reevaluation of Pluripotent Cytokine TGF-β3 in Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082261. [PMID: 30071700 PMCID: PMC6121403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-βs are pluripotent cytokines with stimulatory and inhibitory properties for multiple types of immune cells. Analyses of genetic knockouts of each isoform of TGF-β have revealed differing expression patterns and distinct roles for the three mammalian isoforms of TGF-β. Considerable effort has been focused on understanding the molecular mechanisms of TGF-β1-mediated immune regulation, given its pivotal role in prohibiting systemic autoimmune disease. In recent years, functional similarities and differences between the TGF-β isoforms have delineated their distinct roles in the development of immunopathology and immune tolerance, with increased recent attention being focused on TGF-β3. In addition to the characteristic properties of each TGF-β isoform, recent progress has identified determinants of context-dependent functionality, including various cellular targets, cytokine concentrations, tissue microenvironments, and cytokine synergy, which combine to shape the physiological and pathophysiological roles of the TGF-βs in immunity. Controlling TGF-β production and signaling is being tested as a novel therapeutic strategy in multiple clinical trials for several human diseases. This review highlights advances in the understanding of the cellular sources, activation processes, contextual determinants, and immunological roles of TGF-β3 with comparisons to other TGF-β isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Komai
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Tomohisa Okamura
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
- Department of Functional Genomics and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
- Max Planck-The University of Tokyo Center for Integrative Inflammology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
| | - Mariko Inoue
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
- Max Planck-The University of Tokyo Center for Integrative Inflammology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
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Baecher-Allan C, Kaskow BJ, Weiner HL. Multiple Sclerosis: Mechanisms and Immunotherapy. Neuron 2018; 97:742-768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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