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Touil H, Li R, Zuroff L, Moore CS, Healy L, Cignarella F, Piccio L, Ludwin S, Prat A, Gommerman J, Bennett FC, Jacobs D, Benjamins JA, Lisak RP, Antel JP, Bar-Or A. Cross-talk between B cells, microglia and macrophages, and implications to central nervous system compartmentalized inflammation and progressive multiple sclerosis. EBioMedicine 2023; 96:104789. [PMID: 37703640 PMCID: PMC10505984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND B cells can be enriched within meningeal immune-cell aggregates of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, adjacent to subpial cortical demyelinating lesions now recognized as important contributors to progressive disease. This subpial demyelination is notable for a 'surface-in' gradient of neuronal loss and microglial activation, potentially reflecting the effects of soluble factors secreted into the CSF. We previously demonstrated that MS B-cell secreted products are toxic to oligodendrocytes and neurons. The potential for B-cell-myeloid cell interactions to propagate progressive MS is of considerable interest. METHODS Secreted products of MS-implicated pro-inflammatory effector B cells or IL-10-expressing B cells with regulatory potential were applied to human brain-derived microglia or monocyte-derived macrophages, with subsequent assessment of myeloid phenotype and function through measurement of their expression of pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and homeostatic/quiescent molecules, and phagocytosis (using flow cytometry, ELISA and fluorescently-labeled myelin). Effects of secreted products of differentially activated microglia on B-cell survival and activation were further studied. FINDINGS Secreted products of MS-implicated pro-inflammatory B cells (but not IL-10 expressing B cells) substantially induce pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-12, IL-6, TNFα) expression by both human microglia and macrophage (in a GM-CSF dependent manner), while down-regulating their expression of IL-10 and of quiescence-associated molecules, and suppressing their myelin phagocytosis. In contrast, secreted products of IL-10 expressing B cells upregulate both human microglia and macrophage expression of quiescence-associated molecules and enhance their myelin phagocytosis. Secreted factors from pro-inflammatory microglia enhance B-cell activation. INTERPRETATION Potential cross-talk between disease-relevant human B-cell subsets and both resident CNS microglia and infiltrating macrophages may propagate CNS-compartmentalized inflammation and injury associated with MS disease progression. These interaction represents an attractive therapeutic target for agents such as Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) that modulate responses of both B cells and myeloid cells. FUNDING Stated in Acknowledgments section of manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Touil
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leah Zuroff
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Craig S Moore
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Luke Healy
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada
| | - Francesca Cignarella
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Laura Piccio
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Samuel Ludwin
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Université de Montréal Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM) and Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Jennifer Gommerman
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Frederick C Bennett
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dina Jacobs
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joyce A Benjamins
- Departments of Neurology and Biochemistry, Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Robert P Lisak
- Departments of Neurology and Biochemistry, Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jack P Antel
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada
| | - Amit Bar-Or
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Deming Y, Filipello F, Cignarella F, Suárez‐Calvet M, Morenas‐Rodríguez E, Van Hulle CA, Jonaitis EM, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Asthana S, Johnson SC, Carlsson CM, Bendlin BB, Engelman CD, Ewers M, Haass C, Benitez B, Karch CM, Piccio L, Cruchaga C. Protective genetic variants in the
MS4A
gene cluster modulate microglial activity. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.039431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuetiva Deming
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine & Public Health University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | | | | | - Marc Suárez‐Calvet
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute Barcelona Spain
- BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation Barcelona Spain
- Servei de Neurologia, Hospital del Mar Barcelona Spain
| | - Estrella Morenas‐Rodríguez
- Sant Pau Memory Unit‐Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau‐Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau Barcelona Spain
| | - Carol A. Van Hulle
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Erin M. Jonaitis
- The Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | | | - Sanjay Asthana
- VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
| | | | - Barbara B. Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Corinne D. Engelman
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | | | | | - Bruno Benitez
- Washington University in Saint Louis Saint Louis MO USA
| | - Celeste M. Karch
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
| | - Laura Piccio
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
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3
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Cignarella F, Filipello F, Bollman B, Cantoni C, Locca A, Mikesell R, Manis M, Ibrahim A, Deng L, Benitez BA, Cruchaga C, Licastro D, Mihindukulasuriya K, Harari O, Buckland M, Holtzman DM, Rosenthal A, Schwabe T, Tassi I, Piccio L. TREM2 activation on microglia promotes myelin debris clearance and remyelination in a model of multiple sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 140:513-534. [PMID: 32772264 PMCID: PMC7498497 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02193-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating, and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) triggered by autoimmune mechanisms. Microglia are critical for the clearance of myelin debris in areas of demyelination, a key step to allow remyelination. TREM2 is expressed by microglia and promotes microglial survival, proliferation, and phagocytic activity. Herein we demonstrate that TREM2 was highly expressed on myelin-laden phagocytes in active demyelinating lesions in the CNS of subjects with MS. In gene expression studies, macrophages from subjects with TREM2 genetic deficiency displayed a defect in phagocytic pathways. Treatment with a new TREM2 agonistic antibody promoted the clearance of myelin debris in the cuprizone model of CNS demyelination. Effects included enhancement of myelin uptake and degradation, resulting in accelerated myelin debris removal by microglia. Most importantly, antibody-dependent TREM2 activation on microglia increased density of oligodendrocyte precursors in areas of demyelination, as well as the formation of mature oligodendrocytes thus enhancing remyelination and axonal integrity. These results are relevant as they propose TREM2 on microglia as a potential new target to promote remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cignarella
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Alector, 131 Oyster Point Blvd #600, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Fabia Filipello
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele - Milan, 20090, Italy
| | - Bryan Bollman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Claudia Cantoni
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Alberto Locca
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Robert Mikesell
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Melissa Manis
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Adiljan Ibrahim
- Alector, 131 Oyster Point Blvd #600, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bruno A Benitez
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Danilo Licastro
- ARGO Open Lab Platform for Genome sequencing, AREA Science Park, Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Kathie Mihindukulasuriya
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Oscar Harari
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Michael Buckland
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, 94 Mallett St Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Arnon Rosenthal
- Alector, 131 Oyster Point Blvd #600, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Tina Schwabe
- Alector, 131 Oyster Point Blvd #600, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Ilaria Tassi
- Alector, 131 Oyster Point Blvd #600, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
| | - Laura Piccio
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, 94 Mallett St Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia.
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4
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Deming Y, Filipello F, Cignarella F, Cantoni C, Hsu S, Mikesell R, Li Z, Del-Aguila JL, Dube U, Farias FG, Bradley J, Budde J, Ibanez L, Fernandez MV, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Heslegrave A, Johansson PM, Svensson J, Nellgård B, Lleo A, Alcolea D, Clarimon J, Rami L, Molinuevo JL, Suárez-Calvet M, Morenas-Rodríguez E, Kleinberger G, Ewers M, Harari O, Haass C, Brett TJ, Benitez BA, Karch CM, Piccio L, Cruchaga C. The MS4A gene cluster is a key modulator of soluble TREM2 and Alzheimer's disease risk. Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:eaau2291. [PMID: 31413141 PMCID: PMC6697053 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau2291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). TREM2 plays a critical role in microglial activation, survival, and phagocytosis; however, the pathophysiological role of sTREM2 in AD is not well understood. Understanding the role of sTREM2 in AD may reveal new pathological mechanisms and lead to the identification of therapeutic targets. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic modifiers of CSF sTREM2 obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Common variants in the membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A (MS4A) gene region were associated with CSF sTREM2 concentrations (rs1582763; P = 1.15 × 10-15); this was replicated in independent datasets. The variants associated with increased CSF sTREM2 concentrations were associated with reduced AD risk and delayed age at onset of disease. The single-nucleotide polymorphism rs1582763 modified expression of the MS4A4A and MS4A6A genes in multiple tissues, suggesting that one or both of these genes are important for modulating sTREM2 production. Using human macrophages as a proxy for microglia, we found that MS4A4A and TREM2 colocalized on lipid rafts at the plasma membrane, that sTREM2 increased with MS4A4A overexpression, and that silencing of MS4A4A reduced sTREM2 production. These genetic, molecular, and cellular findings suggest that MS4A4A modulates sTREM2. These findings also provide a mechanistic explanation for the original GWAS signal in the MS4A locus for AD risk and indicate that TREM2 may be involved in AD pathogenesis not only in TREM2 risk-variant carriers but also in those with sporadic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuetiva Deming
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Fabia Filipello
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Francesca Cignarella
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Claudia Cantoni
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Simon Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Robert Mikesell
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zeran Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jorge L Del-Aguila
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Umber Dube
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Fabiana Geraldo Farias
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joseph Bradley
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John Budde
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Laura Ibanez
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Amanda Heslegrave
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Per M Johansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Helsingborg, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Svensson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Bengt Nellgård
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Alberto Lleo
- Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Networker Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Networker Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Clarimon
- Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Networker Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Rami
- IDIBAPS, Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, ICN Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- IDIBAPS, Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, ICN Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Suárez-Calvet
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Estrella Morenas-Rodríguez
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Gernot Kleinberger
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- ISAR Bioscience GmbH, 2152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Oscar Harari
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Christian Haass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas J Brett
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bruno A Benitez
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Celeste M Karch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Laura Piccio
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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5
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Ghezzi L, Cantoni C, Cignarella F, Bollman B, Cross AH, Salter A, Galimberti D, Cella M, Piccio L. T cells producing GM-CSF and IL-13 are enriched in the cerebrospinal fluid of relapsing MS patients. Mult Scler 2019; 26:1172-1186. [PMID: 31237799 DOI: 10.1177/1352458519852092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune demyelinating disease. Its pathogenesis involves humoral and cellular immunity, with production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines by T cells. OBJECTIVE To analyze the cytokine profile of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) T cells in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and non-inflammatory controls. METHODS T cell cytokine production was analyzed by flow cytometry in CSF samples collected from 34 untreated RRMS patients and 20 age-matched controls. Immunofluorescence studies were performed in spinal cord MS active lesions. RESULTS Percentages of CSF-derived IL-17A, IL-17A/IL-22, and IL-17A/GM-CSF producing T cells were significantly higher in RRMS patients compared to controls. Percentages of T cells producing IFN-γ were lower in RRMS patients compared to controls. Patients in relapse showed higher percentages of CD4+ T cells producing IL-13 and GM-CSF compared to patients in remission. We found a positive correlation between percentages of IL-13+ T cells and the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS; ρ = 0.5; p < 0.05). Meningeal IL-13-producing T cells were detected in spinal cord MS active lesions. CONCLUSION We observed differences in IL-17, IL-22, and IFN-γ production by CSF T cells in RRMS versus controls and a positive correlation between IL-13-producing T cells and EDSS in RRMS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ghezzi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA/Centro Dino Ferrari, University of Milan, Milan, Italy/Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Cantoni
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Francesca Cignarella
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bryan Bollman
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anne H Cross
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA/Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amber Salter
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy/Centro Dino Ferrari, University of Milan, Milan, Italy/Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Cella
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA/Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Laura Piccio
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA/Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA/Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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6
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Cignarella F, Cantoni C, Ghezzi L, Salter A, Dorsett Y, Chen L, Phillips D, Weinstock GM, Fontana L, Cross AH, Zhou Y, Piccio L. Intermittent Fasting Confers Protection in CNS Autoimmunity by Altering the Gut Microbiota. Cell Metab 2018; 27:1222-1235.e6. [PMID: 29874567 PMCID: PMC6460288 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is more common in western countries with diet being a potential contributing factor. Here we show that intermittent fasting (IF) ameliorated clinical course and pathology of the MS model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). IF led to increased gut bacteria richness, enrichment of the Lactobacillaceae, Bacteroidaceae, and Prevotellaceae families and enhanced antioxidative microbial metabolic pathways. IF altered T cells in the gut with a reduction of IL-17 producing T cells and an increase in regulatory T cells. Fecal microbiome transplantation from mice on IF ameliorated EAE in immunized recipient mice on a normal diet, suggesting that IF effects are at least partially mediated by the gut flora. In a pilot clinical trial in MS patients, intermittent energy restriction altered blood adipokines and the gut flora resembling protective changes observed in mice. In conclusion, IF has potent immunomodulatory effects that are at least partially mediated by the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cignarella
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8111, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Claudia Cantoni
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8111, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Laura Ghezzi
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8111, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Neurology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Amber Salter
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yair Dorsett
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Lei Chen
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Daniel Phillips
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | - Luigi Fontana
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Brescia University Medical School, Brescia, Italy; CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy
| | - Anne H Cross
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8111, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yanjiao Zhou
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | - Laura Piccio
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8111, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
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7
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Filipello F, Morini R, Corradini I, Zerbi V, Canzi A, Michalski B, Erreni M, Markicevic M, Starvaggi-Cucuzza C, Otero K, Piccio L, Cignarella F, Perrucci F, Tamborini M, Genua M, Rajendran L, Menna E, Vetrano S, Fahnestock M, Paolicelli RC, Matteoli M. The Microglial Innate Immune Receptor TREM2 Is Required for Synapse Elimination and Normal Brain Connectivity. Immunity 2018; 48:979-991.e8. [PMID: 29752066 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a microglial innate immune receptor associated with a lethal form of early, progressive dementia, Nasu-Hakola disease, and with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease. Microglial defects in phagocytosis of toxic aggregates or apoptotic membranes were proposed to be at the origin of the pathological processes in the presence of Trem2 inactivating mutations. Here, we show that TREM2 is essential for microglia-mediated synaptic refinement during the early stages of brain development. The absence of Trem2 resulted in impaired synapse elimination, accompanied by enhanced excitatory neurotransmission and reduced long-range functional connectivity. Trem2-/- mice displayed repetitive behavior and altered sociability. TREM2 protein levels were also negatively correlated with the severity of symptoms in humans affected by autism. These data unveil the role of TREM2 in neuronal circuit sculpting and provide the evidence for the receptor's involvement in neurodevelopmental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabia Filipello
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 20090 Pieve Emanuele - Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Morini
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Pathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano - Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Corradini
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Pathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano - Milan, Italy; IN-CNR, 20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Valerio Zerbi
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, HEST, ETH Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alice Canzi
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 20090 Pieve Emanuele - Milan, Italy
| | - Bernadeta Michalski
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, HSC-4N80, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Marco Erreni
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano - Milan, Italy
| | - Marija Markicevic
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, HEST, ETH Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Starvaggi-Cucuzza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Pathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano - Milan, Italy
| | - Karel Otero
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Acute Neurology and Pain, Biogen Inc., 115 Broadway, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Laura Piccio
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Fabio Perrucci
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Pathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano - Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Tamborini
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Pathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano - Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Genua
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano - Milan, Italy
| | - Lawrence Rajendran
- Systems and Cell Biology of Neurodegeneration, IREM, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Elisabetta Menna
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Pathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano - Milan, Italy; IN-CNR, 20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefania Vetrano
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 20090 Pieve Emanuele - Milan, Italy
| | - Margaret Fahnestock
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, HSC-4N80, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Rosa Chiara Paolicelli
- Systems and Cell Biology of Neurodegeneration, IREM, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Michela Matteoli
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Pathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano - Milan, Italy; IN-CNR, 20129 Milano, Italy.
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8
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Longbrake EE, Cantoni C, Chahin S, Cignarella F, Cross AH, Piccio L. Dimethyl fumarate induces changes in B- and T-lymphocyte function independent of the effects on absolute lymphocyte count. Mult Scler 2017; 24:728-738. [PMID: 28480794 DOI: 10.1177/1352458517707069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is used to treat relapsing multiple sclerosis and causes lymphopenia in a subpopulation of treated individuals. Much remains to be learned about how the drug affects B- and T-lymphocytes. OBJECTIVES To characterize changes in B- and T-cell phenotype and function induced by DMF and to investigate whether low absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) is associated with unique functional changes. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from DMF-treated patients, untreated patients, and healthy controls. A subset of DMF-treated patients was lymphopenic (ALC < 800). Multiparametric flow cytometry was used to evaluate cellular phenotypes. Functional response to non-specific and viral peptide stimulation was assessed. RESULTS DMF reduced circulating memory B-cells regardless of ALC. Follicular T-helper cells (CD4+ CXCR5+) and mucosal invariant T-cells (CD8+ CD161+) were also reduced. DMF reduced T-cell production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to polyclonal (PMA/ionomycin) and viral peptide stimulation, regardless of ALC. No differences in activation-induced cell death or circulating progenitors were observed between lymphopenic and non-lymphopenic DMF-treated patients. CONCLUSION These data implicate DMF-induced changes in lymphocytes as an important component of the drug's efficacy and expand our understanding of the functional significance of DMF-induced lymphopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Cantoni
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Salim Chahin
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Anne H Cross
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Laura Piccio
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Cantoni C, Cignarella F, Ghezzi L, Mikesell B, Bollman B, Berrien-Elliott MM, Ireland AR, Fehniger TA, Wu GF, Piccio L. Mir-223 regulates the number and function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 133:61-77. [PMID: 27704281 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1621-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived cells play important modulatory and effector roles in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are immature myeloid cells, composed of monocytic (MO) and polymorphonuclear (PMN) fractions, which can suppress T cell activities in EAE. Their role in MS remains poorly characterized. We found decreased numbers of circulating MDSCs, driven by lower frequencies of the MO-MDSCs, and higher MDSC expression of microRNA miR-223 in MS versus healthy subjects. To gain mechanistic insights, we interrogated the EAE model. MiR-223 knock out (miR-223-/-) mice developed less severe EAE with increased MDSC numbers in the spleen and spinal cord compared to littermate controls. MiR-223-/- MO-MDSCs suppressed T cell proliferation and cytokine production in vitro and EAE in vivo more than wild-type MO-MDSCs. They also displayed an increased expression of critical mediators of MDSC suppressive function, Arginase-1(Arg1), and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3), which herein, we demonstrate being an miR-223 target gene. Consistently, MDSCs from MS patients displayed decreased STAT3 and ARG1 expression compared with healthy controls, suggesting that circulating MDSCs in MS are not only reduced in numbers but also less suppressive. These results support a critical role for miR-223 in modulating MDSC biology in EAE and in MS and suggest potential novel therapeutic applications.
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